Automatic ore loading method on the surface of a main shaft

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of automatic ore loading methods of main shaft ground, it is related to mining technical field, comprising the following steps: S1, standby initial state;S2, vehicle is in place trigger;S3, hydraulic system starts to build pressure;S4, double gate synchronous opening;S5, remote control ore drawing and loading;S6, grading delay gate closing;S7, system delay reset.Through to the original mine vibrating hopper chute slope optimization and double hydraulic gate installation, build the direct loading type ore loading process of mine warehouse direct mine car, completely abandon the traditional ore drawing landing to the redundant procedure of second time of truck, without additional configuration truck equipment and full-time shovel and ore drawing post, directly reduce the labor and equipment operation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to an automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface. Background Technology

[0002] Main shaft surface ore discharge and loading is a crucial process in the vertical shaft mining production system, connecting underground ore hoisting with surface material transfer. Ore mined underground is stored and transported in the underground ore pass, processed by the crushing system, and then hoisted to the surface ore bin via the main shaft skip. From there, it is loaded onto transport vehicles and transported to the mineral processing plant or finished product storage yard. As mining progresses towards deeper and larger operations, the technology in this process continues to evolve. Early operations primarily involved manual on-site operation of the ore discharge gates and verification of loading volumes. Currently, the industry has widely integrated technologies such as PLC control, AI visual recognition, 3D LiDAR detection, and 5G remote communication to build automated ore discharge and loading systems. These systems enable automatic vehicle positioning and identification, automatic start and stop of the ore discharge process, and real-time detection and precise control of loading height.

[0003] However, in the existing main shaft surface ore discharge process, after the ore is pulled from the main shaft into the ore bin, it needs to be manually discharged using a vibrating funnel, and then loaded onto transport vehicles by a secondary loader. This process requires separate manual operation for ore discharge, shoveling, and loading, and also necessitates the use of a loader, resulting in a waste of manpower and resources. The overall process chain is redundant, with high consumption of manpower and resources, and significant shortcomings in operational efficiency and safety management. Each stage of ore discharge, shoveling, and loading requires a separate post for manual operation, resulting in high labor input and costs, and also necessitates the additional use of loader equipment for secondary handling.

[0004] There are already relevant invention patents concerning automated loading in mines, as detailed below:

[0005] Chinese Patent Application No. 202410964715.2, entitled "An Automatic Full-Loading Method and System for Unmanned Mining Cars," discloses an automatic full-loading method and system for unmanned mining cars. The system includes a mining car positioning device, a material monitoring device, and a control device. The method includes: acquiring material level data in the unloading station and loading station during the target discharge period; controlling the mining car to move towards the loading station; and controlling the mining car speed to decrease when it reaches a preset positioning point. When the first car of the mining car reaches the first loading point, the mining car is stopped and the loading station is fed material. Based on the loading data, the gate of the loading station is adjusted to the target opening degree or closed. When the gate is closed, the mining car is reversed to the second loading point and stopped. The above steps are repeated to complete the double-peak full-loading of the first car. All cars of the mining car are loaded, the loading station is closed, and the mining car is controlled to move towards the unloading station. Precise positioning of mining trucks and accurate control of material loading effectively prevent overflow or underloading caused by changes in material size. The double-peak type full-load loading effectively improves loading quality and efficiency.

[0006] However, while the aforementioned existing patents can achieve precise full-load loading of unmanned mining trucks, their hardware relies on sophisticated sensing equipment such as mine truck positioning and material monitoring, resulting in high construction and maintenance costs and a high failure rate under the harsh working conditions of high dust and strong vibration in mines. Furthermore, they are incompatible with conventional transport vehicles commonly used in mines, such as ordinary dump trucks and wide-body trucks. Moreover, this method is only designed for newly built loading stations and cannot be used for low-cost retrofitting of existing vibrating hoppers and ore discharge chutes in older mines. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide an automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface, which solves the problem that existing ore discharge, shoveling and loading all require separate manual operations, thus wasting manpower and resources.

[0008] An automated ore loading method for the main shaft surface includes the following steps:

[0009] S1, standby initial state: When there is no vehicle operation, the system is in standby, the upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism are both kept completely closed, the hydraulic station is stopped and unloaded, the ore discharge function is locked by PLC interlock, and the vibration ore inlet cannot be started.

[0010] S2, Vehicle arrival trigger: After the transport vehicle reverses into the designated loading position below the chute, the vehicle detection switch of the ore inlet group below the chute is triggered at the same time, sending a vehicle arrival signal to the PLC.

[0011] S3, Hydraulic system start-up and pressure building: After the PLC confirms the vehicle arrival signal and the system is in automatic mode, it outputs a command to start the hydraulic station motor and simultaneously controls the overflow valve to load, build up the working pressure of the hydraulic system, and provide power for the operation of the upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism.

[0012] S4, Simultaneous opening of dual gates: After the hydraulic system pressure stabilizes, the PLC outputs an opening command to the solenoid directional valve, driving the upper and lower hydraulic gates to move and open synchronously; when the gates move to the fully open position, the opening detection switch on the side of the gates is triggered, sending a fully open signal back to the PLC.

[0013] S5, remote control ore discharge and loading: After the gate is fully open and the ore discharge permission is unlocked, the remote control sends the ore discharge command to the PLC. The PLC controls the vibration of the ore inlet to start. The ore is directly loaded from the ore bin into the hopper of the material car below through the upper gate mechanism, chute and lower gate mechanism. No manual ore discharge is required throughout the process.

[0014] S6, graded delayed gate closing: After the vehicle is loaded with ore, the driver sends the instructions to stop the ore and close the gate. The PLC executes the gate closing according to the logic of first up and then down and delayed buffering to prevent the remaining ore from impacting the gate and spilling onto the ground.

[0015] S7, System Delay Reset: After the upper and lower gate mechanisms are fully closed, the PLC starts a pump stop delay to maintain the hydraulic system pressure for a short time. After the delay ends, the hydraulic station motor stops and the overflow valve is unloaded. At this time, the system returns to the initial standby state.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S6, the specific steps of the graded delayed gate closing are divided into three steps. The first step is to close the upper gate mechanism to block the ore bin from continuing to supply material to the chute, and the residual ore in the chute continues to fall into the hopper of the material car. The second step is to start the PLC delay timer after the upper gate mechanism is closed. The PLC delay timer is set to a delay time of 8-10 seconds, and the delay is used to ensure that all the remaining ore in the chute falls into the hopper of the material car. The third step is to close the lower gate mechanism after the delay ends. After the lower gate mechanism is closed, the upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism are fully closed by the feedback signal of the vehicle detection switch. The three-stage graded delayed gate closing process first cuts off the ore bin supply, delays the emptying of the chute of residual material, and then closes the lower gate. This can avoid the residual ore impacting the gate and the ore spilling. At the same time, the vehicle detection switch feedback completes the double gate closure confirmation, realizing stable material receiving and closed-loop control of the gate status.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the vehicle detection switches only open the gate to release ore when both sets are triggered simultaneously. When a single set of vehicle detection switches is triggered, it is determined to be abnormal and the gate opening is prohibited, triggering a local prompt. When the signals of both sets of vehicle detection switches disappear simultaneously, the PLC automatically triggers a safe gate closing process of stopping vibration and releasing ore, closing the upper gate, and delaying the closing of the lower gate. The opening time of the upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism is set to a maximum allowable duration. The maximum allowable duration will ensure that if the vehicle detection switches do not receive feedback within the time limit, the hydraulic station output will be automatically cut off and the action will be locked. Through the multi-interlocking logic of synchronous triggering and verification of dual sets of vehicle detection switches, automatic safe gate closing when the signal disappears, and gate action timeout cut-off and locking, the risks of misoperation due to alignment deviation, ore spillage due to vehicle leaving the site midway, and gate jamming failure can be effectively prevented, significantly improving the safety and stability of ore loading operations.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the PLC presets multiple sets of ore discharge parameter groups, which can be switched via remote control. These multiple sets of ore discharge parameter groups are configured with corresponding ore discharge operating frequencies, gate closing delay durations, and gate step-by-step movement amplitudes for lump ore, fine ore, and ores of different grades. By presetting multiple sets of ore discharge parameter groups matching different ore characteristics and supporting remote switching, the feeding characteristics of different materials can be flexibly adapted, improving the accuracy of ore loading and scenario adaptability while also ensuring the convenience of on-site operation.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S4, the upper gate mechanism optimizes the closing action sequence using an existing hydraulic control valve. After the ore discharge is completed, the upper gate mechanism first closes to a half-open position. This half-open position puts the upper gate mechanism in a flow-limiting state. The upper gate mechanism remains in the flow-limiting state for 2-3 seconds before fully closing. This flow-limiting state allows the material flow inside the chute to gradually transition from a high flow rate to a low flow rate before being completely cut off. This flow-limiting state prevents a large amount of residual ore from directly impacting the lower gate mechanism. By optimizing the closing sequence of the upper gate mechanism using an existing hydraulic control valve, through a staged action of first closing to a half-open flow-limiting position for buffering before fully closing, the material flow inside the chute gradually transitions from a high flow rate before being completely cut off. This effectively prevents a large amount of residual ore from directly impacting the lower gate mechanism without the need for additional hardware, reducing gate structure wear and equipment impact failure.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the setting time of the PLC delay timer is optimized to a dynamic time. The dynamic time is a dynamic delay linked to the ore discharge duration. Specifically, the dynamic delay consists of a basic delay and an incremental delay rule. The incremental delay rule applies to short-term and long-term ore discharge. The short-term ore discharge uses a shorter gate closing delay, while the long-term ore discharge automatically extends the closing time of the lower gate mechanism to ensure that the remaining ore in the chute is completely discharged. Optimizing the gate closing delay to a dynamic mode linked to the ore discharge duration automatically adjusts the closing delay of the lower gate mechanism according to the length of the ore discharge, ensuring that the remaining ore in the chute is completely discharged during long-term ore discharge while shortening the waiting period during short-term ore discharge, thus balancing the effect of emptying remaining material and operational efficiency.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the linkage dynamic delay specifically involves a two-factor dynamic calculation of the last ore discharge duration and start-stop fluctuations. This two-factor dynamic calculation records the operational data of each round of ore discharge through a PLC program, using the duration of the last ore discharge command as the core parameter. A longer last ore discharge duration indicates a larger material flow and more remaining material in the chute at the end of the cycle. In this case, the dynamic delay automatically increases proportionally. If the last operational data is a short-duration, 1-2 second inching discharge, it indicates that only a small amount of material is being added to the chute, and the remaining material is limited. In this case, the dynamic delay automatically shortens proportionally. The delay increase and decrease are combined with adjustments for the number of ore discharge start-stop cycles. This two-factor dynamic calculation method, using the last ore discharge duration as the core and adjusting for the number of ore discharge start-stop cycles, generates the gate closing delay. The PLC program automatically adapts to different operating conditions, such as long-duration ore discharge and short-duration inching discharge, ensuring that the remaining ore in the chute is fully discharged while reducing ineffective waiting time and improving the efficiency of the ore loading operation.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vehicle detection switch can simultaneously provide real-time feedback on the status of the material ore car. When the material ore car is being loaded normally, the gate is opened and closed according to the calibrated graded delay. During the delay, both sets of vehicle detection switches simultaneously switch from triggered to open state, at which point the PLC is controlled to terminate the remaining delay. The termination of the remaining delay also directly closes the lower gate mechanism. The disconnection trigger closure is used to deal with sudden on-site operations such as drivers moving the car in advance or temporary car relocation. By providing real-time feedback on the status of the ore car through the vehicle detection switch, the gate is opened and closed according to the calibrated graded delay during normal loading. If the system detects that a vehicle has left in advance during the delay, the remaining delay is immediately terminated and the lower gate mechanism is directly closed. This can effectively deal with sudden on-site operations such as drivers moving the car in advance or temporary car relocation, avoid spillage of residual ore, and improve the system's adaptability and flexibility to on-site working conditions.

[0023] The advantages of this invention are:

[0024] 1. By optimizing the slope of the existing vibrating hopper chute and adding dual hydraulic gates, a direct loading process from the ore bin to the ore car was constructed. This completely eliminates the redundant process of traditional ore discharge to secondary handling by a loader, eliminating the need for additional loader equipment and dedicated loading and unloading positions, directly reducing labor and equipment maintenance costs. Compared to the limitations of existing unmanned loading systems that require dedicated loading stations and cannot be adapted to existing mine systems, this method can be directly and cost-effectively upgraded based on existing surface ore discharge facilities, with a short construction period and quick production results. It also eliminates the intermediate links of ore storage and loading / transfer, fundamentally reducing secondary dust and ground spillage losses from loading operations, and preventing grade fluctuations caused by surface soil and debris mixing into the ore. This achieves the added benefits of environmental protection, efficiency improvement, and quality control while simultaneously upgrading automation.

[0025] 2. A combined tiered delayed gate closing logic is adopted, consisting of upper gate flow limiting pre-closing, delayed chute emptying, and lower gate final closing. First, the upper gate mechanism is controlled to close to a half-open flow limiting position for buffering, allowing the material flow in the chute to gradually decrease before completely cutting off the upstream supply. Only after the remaining ore in the chute is emptied is the lower gate mechanism closed. This avoids the structural deformation and sealing failure problems caused by the high-speed impact of a large amount of remaining ore on the gate plate during traditional synchronous gate closing, and also eliminates the hidden danger of residual ore spilling onto the ground when the gate is open. The gate action timing is optimized entirely through PLC programming, requiring no additional detection hardware. This pure software timing optimization scheme is naturally adapted to the harsh working conditions of high dust and strong vibration in mines, eliminating the risk of sensors being covered by dust or failing due to vibration. Its reliability and operational economy are far superior to hardware detection schemes.

[0026] 3. Employing a dual-signal verification triggering mechanism with two sets of vehicle detection switches, the gate opening and ore release permissions are only unlocked when both switches are triggered simultaneously. A single trigger immediately identifies an anomaly and locks the action. This is complemented by interlocking logic such as gate action timeout protection and automatic safety gate closure triggered when a vehicle leaves mid-journey, comprehensively covering various abnormal operating conditions. Full-scenario safety management can be achieved using only low-cost switch quantity detection elements. The contact switch detection is completely unaffected by environmental factors such as mine dust, water mist, and nighttime light, exhibiting detection stability even in extremely harsh operating environments.

[0027] 4. The gate closure and emptying delay is set to a dynamic calculation mode linked to the last ore discharge duration and the number of start / stop cycles. Multiple sets of discharge parameter groups are preset to adapt to different ore types. The driver can quickly switch between the corresponding modes via remote control. This ensures that the remaining material in the chute can be completely emptied under different discharge volumes and block sizes, while avoiding the waste of operation cycles caused by fixed long delays, thus balancing ore loading cleanliness and operational efficiency. Compared with conventional automatic ore loading systems with fixed parameters, adaptability and scenario flexibility are significantly improved. Furthermore, the dynamic delay is entirely generated based on the PLC's internal operating data, requiring no additional sensing hardware. It can automatically adapt to manual intervention operations such as driver-assisted inching material replenishment, achieving seamless integration of flexible manual adjustments and automated processes. It retains the error tolerance and adjustment flexibility of on-site operations without disrupting the automatic logic. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar ore-laying method according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a wiring diagram of the upper gate mechanism and the lower gate mechanism in this invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the relevant program of the main controller in this invention. Figure 1 .

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the relevant program of the main controller in this invention. Figure 2 .

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the relevant program of the main controller in this invention. Figure 3 .

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Mine bin; 2. Mine inlet; 3. Upper gate mechanism; 4. Lower gate mechanism; 5. Chute; 6. Material car; 7. Vehicle detection switch. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This embodiment, taking the ore discharge of the east wing main shaft as an example, describes an automated surface ore loading method for the main shaft. This method is applied to the surface ore discharge and loading process of the east wing main shaft at Xinqiao Mining Company of Tonghua Group. The main shaft produces approximately 2800 tons of ore per day. The original process involved manually operating a vibrating funnel to discharge the ore to the ground, followed by secondary loading by a loader onto transport vehicles. This method suffered from high manpower requirements, low operational efficiency, and significant challenges in safety management. Before using this method, preliminary modifications were made. First, the slope of the ore discharge chute 5 below the vibrating funnel was increased, and the outlet height was raised, allowing transport vehicles to directly reverse into the area below the outlet of chute 5. Two sets of hydraulic gates, an upper gate mechanism 3 and a lower gate mechanism 4, were installed at the upper ore discharge opening and the lower ore outlet of the chute, respectively. A Siemens S7-200 PLC is configured as the main controller. Two sets of vehicle detection switches 7 are installed at the loading point below chute 5. Open and closed position detection switches are installed on the sides of the two gates, respectively. A hydraulic station and driver remote control terminal are also included. All detection and execution elements are connected to the PLC control system. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0038] S1. Initial standby state: When no vehicle enters the loading station, the system is in low-power standby mode. Both the upper gate mechanism 3 and the lower gate mechanism 4 remain fully closed. The hydraulic station motor stops, the overflow valve is unloaded, and the starting circuit of the vibration inlet 2 is interlocked and locked by the PLC, preventing accidental triggering.

[0039] S2. Vehicle Arrival Trigger: The material ore car 6 reverses into the designated loading position below the chute 5. Both sets of vehicle detection switches 7 are simultaneously triggered by the vehicle and input switch signals to the PLC. The PLC executes dual-signal verification logic; only when both sets of detection signals are valid simultaneously is the vehicle considered properly aligned and the process proceeds to the next step. If only one set of detection switches is triggered, it is considered an abnormal signal or alignment deviation, the gate opening is prohibited, and a local prompt signal is triggered. The system is synchronously configured with action timeout protection and mid-journey departure protection: the opening and closing processes of the upper gate mechanism 3 and the lower gate mechanism 4 are set with maximum allowable time. If no arrival feedback signal is received within the time limit, the PLC automatically cuts off the hydraulic station output and locks the action to prevent component jamming and damage. During ore discharge, if both sets of vehicle detection signals disappear simultaneously, the PLC automatically triggers a safety gate closing process: stopping vibration ore discharge, closing the upper gate mechanism, and delaying the closing of the lower gate mechanism, without manual intervention.

[0040] S3. Hydraulic System Start-up and Pressure Building: After the PLC confirms the vehicle is properly aligned and the system is in automatic mode, it outputs a control command to start the hydraulic station motor and simultaneously controls the overflow valve to switch to the loading state, establishing the working pressure of the hydraulic system to provide power for the opening and closing of the two gates. The system PLC has multiple preset sets of ore discharge parameters, and the driver can switch the corresponding mode via remote control according to the type of ore being discharged during the shift. Different modes are matched with corresponding vibration ore discharge operating frequencies, gate closing delay durations, and gate step-by-step movement amplitudes to adapt to the falling characteristics of different materials.

[0041] S4. Simultaneous Opening of Dual Gates: After the hydraulic system pressure stabilizes, the PLC outputs an opening command to the solenoid directional valve, driving the upper gate mechanism 3 and the lower gate mechanism 4 to simultaneously move to both sides and open. When the gates reach the fully open position, the side opening detection switch is triggered, sending a full-open confirmation signal to the PLC. After both gates have confirmed full opening, the PLC unlocks the vibration ore discharge control authority, strictly enforcing the interlocking rule that ore discharge is prohibited if the gates are not fully open.

[0042] S5. Remote control ore discharge and loading: After the ore discharge permission is unlocked, the driver sends the start ore discharge command to the PLC via remote control. The PLC controls the vibration of the ore inlet 2 to start. The ore enters the chute 5 from the ore bin 1 through the upper gate mechanism 3, and then directly enters the hopper of the material car 6 below through the lower gate mechanism 4. The whole process does not require manual on-site ore discharge and secondary transfer by loader, completely eliminating the intermediate transfer process.

[0043] S6. Staged Delayed Gate Closure: After the vehicle is loaded with ore, the driver sends a stop ore and gate closure command via remote control. The PLC executes the gate closure operation according to the logic of current limiting buffer, staged cut-off, dynamic delay, and residual material discharge. First, the upper gate mechanism 3 performs a half-close action, closing to the half-open current limiting position, pausing for 2-3 seconds, and then fully closing, so that the material flow in chute 5 gradually transitions from a large flow rate to a small flow rate, avoiding a large amount of residual ore directly impacting the gate plate of the lower gate mechanism 4. After the upper gate mechanism is fully closed, the supply of ore from ore bin 1 to chute 5 is completely blocked, and the residual ore in chute 5 continues to fall into the hopper of the material car 6. Then, in the second step, after the upper gate mechanism 3 is fully closed, the PLC starts a delay timer. The delay duration adopts a dynamic duration linked to the ore discharge process, with the duration of the last ore discharge command as the core parameter. The longer the duration of the last ore discharge, the larger the material flow and the more residual material in chute 5 at the end stage, and the delay is automatically increased proportionally. If the final inching operation is a short-duration 1-2 second refill, it is determined that the remaining material is limited, and the delay is automatically shortened proportionally. Simultaneously, a correction for the number of ore discharge start / stop cycles is applied. Frequent inching starts / stops correspond to large ore pieces and poor material flow, automatically increasing the compensation delay, ultimately controlling the delay duration within a reasonable range of 8-10 seconds. Finally, in the third step, if both sets of vehicle detection switches 7 simultaneously switch from triggered to open during the delay, the PLC immediately terminates the remaining delay and directly closes the lower gate mechanism 4. Under normal operating conditions, after the delay ends and all remaining ore in the chute 5 has fallen into the vehicle's hopper, the PLC drives the lower gate mechanism 4 to fully close. The closing detection switch provides a closing signal, and both gates are fully closed.

[0044] S7. System Delay Reset: After the upper gate mechanism 3 and the lower gate mechanism 4 are fully closed, the PLC starts the pump stop delay program to maintain the hydraulic system pressure for a short time. After the delay ends, the hydraulic station motor stops, the overflow valve is unloaded, and the system returns to the initial standby state, waiting for the next vehicle to be triggered. After the material ore car 6 leaves the loading station, the vehicle detection switch 7 resets, and a single loading cycle ends.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatic ore loading at the surface of a main shaft, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: S1, standby initial state: When there is no vehicle operation, the system is in standby, the upper gate mechanism (3) and the lower gate mechanism (4) are both completely closed, the hydraulic station stops and unloads, the ore discharge function is locked by PLC interlock, and the vibration ore inlet (2) cannot be started. S2, Vehicle arrival trigger: After the transport vehicle reverses into the designated loading position below the chute (5), the vehicle detection switch (7) of the ore inlet (2) below the chute (5) is triggered at the same time, sending a vehicle arrival signal to the PLC. S3, Hydraulic system starts pressure building: After the PLC confirms the vehicle arrival signal and the system is in automatic mode, it outputs a command to start the hydraulic station motor and controls the overflow valve to load, build up the working pressure of the hydraulic system, and provide power for the operation of the upper gate mechanism (3) and the lower gate mechanism (4); S4, Simultaneous opening of dual gates: After the hydraulic system pressure stabilizes, the PLC outputs an opening command to the solenoid directional valve, driving the upper and lower hydraulic gates to move and open synchronously; when the gates move to the fully open position, the opening detection switch on the side of the gates is triggered, sending a fully open signal back to the PLC. S5, Remote control ore discharge and loading: After the gate is fully opened and the ore discharge permission is unlocked, the remote control sends the ore discharge command to the PLC. The PLC controls the vibration of the ore inlet (2) to start. The ore is directly loaded from the ore bin (1) into the bucket of the material ore car (6) below through the upper gate mechanism (3), chute (5) and lower gate mechanism (4). No manual ore discharge is required throughout the process. S6, graded delayed gate closing: After the vehicle is loaded with ore, the driver sends the instructions to stop the ore and close the gate. The PLC executes the gate closing according to the logic of first up and then down and delayed buffering to prevent the remaining ore from impacting the gate and spilling onto the ground. S7, system delay reset: After the upper gate mechanism (3) and the lower gate mechanism (4) are completely closed, the PLC starts the pump stop delay to maintain the hydraulic system pressure for a short time. After the delay ends, the hydraulic station motor stops and the overflow valve is unloaded. At this time, the system returns to the initial standby state.

2. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the specific steps of the graded delayed gate closing are divided into three steps. The first step is to close the upper gate mechanism (3) to block the ore bin (1) from continuing to supply material to the chute (5), and the residual ore in the chute (5) continues to fall into the bucket of the material car (6). The second step is to start the PLC delay timer after the upper gate mechanism (3) is closed. The PLC delay timer is set to a delay time of 8-10 seconds. The delay is used to make all the remaining ore in the chute (5) fall into the bucket of the material car (6). The third step is to close the lower gate mechanism (4) after the delay ends. After the lower gate mechanism (4) is closed, the upper gate mechanism (3) and the lower gate mechanism (4) are fully closed by the feedback signal of the vehicle detection switch (7).

3. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the vehicle detection switch (7) will only open the gate to release ore when both sets are triggered simultaneously. When a single set of the vehicle detection switch (7) is triggered, it is determined to be abnormal and the gate opening is prohibited, and a local prompt is triggered. When the signals of the two sets of vehicle detection switches (7) disappear simultaneously, the PLC automatically triggers the safety gate closing process of stopping vibration to release ore, closing the upper gate and delaying the closing of the lower gate. The opening time of the upper gate mechanism (3) and the lower gate mechanism (4) is set to a maximum allowable duration. The maximum allowable duration will cause the vehicle detection switch (7) to automatically cut off the hydraulic station output and lock the action if it does not receive the feedback of the position within the time limit.

4. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the PLC has multiple sets of ore discharge parameter groups preset and the modes can be switched by remote control. The multiple sets of ore discharge parameter groups are set with corresponding ore discharge operation frequency, gate closing delay time and gate step action amplitude for lump ore, fine ore and ore of different grades.

5. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the upper gate mechanism (3) uses an existing hydraulic control valve to optimize the closing action sequence. After the ore discharge is completed, the upper gate mechanism (3) is first closed to a half-open position. The half-open position will make the upper gate mechanism (3) be in a flow-limiting state. The upper gate mechanism (3) stays in the flow-limiting state for 2 to 3 seconds before being completely closed. The flow-limiting state will cause the material flow inside the chute (5) to gradually transition from a large flow rate to a small flow rate before being completely cut off. The flow-limiting state will prevent a large amount of residual ore from directly impacting the lower gate mechanism (4).

6. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The PLC delay timer's set time is optimized to a dynamic time, which is a dynamic delay linked to the ore discharge duration. The dynamic delay is specifically a basic delay and an incremental delay rule. The incremental delay rule is for short-time ore discharge and long-time ore discharge. The short-time ore discharge uses a shorter gate closing delay, and the long-time ore discharge automatically extends the closing time of the lower gate mechanism (4) to ensure that the remaining ore in the chute (5) is completely discharged.

7. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The linkage dynamic delay is specifically a two-factor dynamic calculation of the last ore discharge duration and start-stop fluctuations. The two-factor dynamic calculation records the operation data of each round of ore discharge through the PLC program. The duration of the ore discharge instruction of the last operation data is used as the core parameter. The longer the duration of the last ore discharge, the greater the material flow at the end and the more residual material in the chute (5). At this time, the dynamic delay is automatically increased proportionally. If the last operation data is a short-term point-to-point replenishment of 1 to 2 seconds, it means that there is only a small amount of replenishment in the chute (5) and the residual material is limited. At this time, the dynamic delay is automatically shortened proportionally. The delay is shortened while the ore discharge start-stop number correction is superimposed.

8. The automatic ore loading method for the main shaft surface as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The vehicle detection switch (7) can simultaneously provide real-time feedback on the status of the material mine car (6). When the material mine car (6) is being loaded normally, the switch is opened and closed according to the calibrated graded delay. During the delay, the two sets of vehicle detection switches (7) simultaneously change from triggered to disconnected. At this time, the PLC is controlled to terminate the remaining delay. The termination of the remaining delay also directly closes the lower gate mechanism (4). The disconnection trigger closure is used to deal with the driver's early vehicle relocation and temporary vehicle dispatching on-site emergency operations.

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