Method for dynamic sterilization cleaning of dental treatment equipment waterways

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of biological contaminated sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a dental treatment equipment waterway dynamic sterilization and cleaning method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: calculating a biological membrane reproduction risk level K value through a pre-trained microorganism activity prediction model based on parameters; step 2: when the K value exceeds a preset threshold value, starting a cavitation jet flow with frequency ladder increment, and dynamically adjusting jet flow parameters according to pipe diameter size and extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and synchronously injecting a chlorine precursor solution and performing electrolysis intensity self-adaptive control in the low frequency stage gap of the cavitation jet flow; step 3: detecting residual chlorine concentration after electrolysis, and if the residual chlorine concentration exceeds a limit, generating drug-loaded microbubbles with a particle size associated with the residual chlorine concentration, and guiding the microbubbles to enrich in a high biological membrane charge density area through a sound field, and synchronously detecting a three-phosphoric acid adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity reduction rate and a pipe wall capacitance component attenuation rate of water outlet water of the waterway in a verification stage, and completing sterilization when the two indexes reach a standard. The double verification mechanism ensures the reliability of the sterilization process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biological sludge treatment technology, and more particularly to a method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of water circuits in dental treatment equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The water system of dental treatment units, due to its complex, slender piping structure (typically φ2-4mm in diameter) and intermittent use, becomes a high-risk area for biofilm growth. Existing sterilization technologies suffer from the following field-specific limitations: Conventional chemical flushing (such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite circulation disinfection) can only kill airborne bacteria in the water system and cannot effectively remove the biofilm matrix attached to the pipe walls. This is because: The gel layer formed by extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in biomembranes hinders the penetration of disinfectants (clinical studies show a penetration rate of <30%). Frequent disuse of dental water systems leads to accelerated regeneration of biofilm during the resting period.

[0003] This defect directly results in excessive microorganisms in the treatment water, violating the mandatory requirement of "total bacterial count ≤ 100 CFU / mL" in the "Standards for Water Used in Oral Treatment".

[0004] Furthermore, to compensate for insufficient biofilm removal, existing technologies are forced to increase disinfectant concentrations (e.g., aldehyde solutions at concentrations of 0.5-1.5%), leading to: Residual aldehydes and peroxides accumulate in dead corners of the pipes, causing chemical pollutants in the effluent to exceed the standard (the measured residual formaldehyde level exceeded the safety limit by more than 3 times). The chlorine-containing aerosols released by the high-speed turbine of a dental handpiece can cause respiratory irritation in patients.

[0005] This problem is directly related to the characteristic of dental equipment that uses a shared water path for both treatment and sterilization, making it impossible for traditional rinsing to achieve precise neutralization of medications.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dynamic water-based sterilization and cleaning method for dental treatment equipment to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit of dental treatment equipment, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Real-time collection of biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index and dissolved oxygen consumption rate on the water pipe wall; based on the above parameters, calculate the biofilm regeneration risk level K value through a pre-trained microbial activity prediction model. Step 2: When the K value exceeds the preset threshold, a cavitation jet with progressively increasing frequency is initiated. The jet parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the pipe diameter and the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index. During the low-frequency phases of the cavitation jet, a chlorine-containing precursor solution is simultaneously injected, and the electrolysis intensity is adaptively controlled. High current density short-time pulses are used under high dissolved oxygen consumption rates; Low current density continuous electrolysis is used at a low dissolved oxygen consumption rate. Step 3: After electrolysis, the residual chlorine concentration is detected. If it exceeds the limit, drug-loaded microbubbles with particle size related to the residual chlorine concentration are generated. The microbubbles are guided by the sound field to accumulate in the high biofilm charge density region. During the verification stage, the decrease rate of adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity and the attenuation rate of pipe wall capacitance component in the water outlet are detected simultaneously. If both indicators meet the standards, sterilization is completed.

[0008] Preferably, step 1, which involves real-time acquisition of biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate on the water pipe wall, specifically includes: Biomembrane charge density: calculated from the microcurrent fluctuations between the electrodes on the tube wall, specifically calibrated through the following steps: a: Measure the microcurrent fluctuation value on a standard tube section with a known biofilm thickness; b: Establish the curve showing the relationship between the amplitude of microcurrent fluctuations and the thickness of the biofilm; c: Obtain the biofilm charge density distribution map by interpolating the actual measured values ​​on the curve; Extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index: obtained by emitting high-frequency ultrasound and analyzing the attenuation spectrum characteristics of the sound wave at the receiving end. The sound wave frequency is selected based on the acoustic impedance characteristics of the pipe. Dissolved oxygen consumption rate: This is obtained by calculating the difference in dissolved oxygen concentration between the inlet and outlet of the fixed pipe section through which water flows, combined with data from flow velocity sensors.

[0009] Preferably, the control method for the cavitation jet in step 2 includes: Frequency step-increment rule: a: The initial frequency is determined based on the total length of the pipe section; the longer the length, the lower the initial frequency. b: The frequency step increase is negatively correlated with the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index; the higher the viscosity, the smaller the increase. c: The duration of a single step is negatively correlated with the current biomembrane charge density; Dynamic adjustment of jet pressure: a: Obtain the pipe material characteristic coefficients from the pipe diameter database; b: The pressure value is directly proportional to the square root of the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index and inversely proportional to the pipe diameter. c: The actual output value is calibrated through a closed-loop system using a pressure sensor.

[0010] Preferably, the adaptive control of electrolysis intensity in step 2 includes: Methods for determining critical values: a: Measure the dissolved oxygen consumption rate under baseline conditions before sterilization; b: Set a critical value based on the dissolved oxygen consumption rate corresponding to the abrupt change in biofilm regeneration rate in historical data; High current density mode execution rules: a: The increase in current density is positively correlated with the proportion by which the current dissolved oxygen consumption rate exceeds the critical value; b: The width of a single pulse is less than 50% of the duration of the current low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet; Low current density mode execution rules: a: The current density is set to the minimum value that will cause continuous bubble generation on the electrode surface; b: The electrolysis duration covers at least 3 cavitation jet frequency cycles.

[0011] Preferably, the method for generating and directing drug-loaded microbubbles in step 3 includes: Particle size control: a: Calculate the required total surface area for neutralizing agent diffusion based on the residual chlorine concentration; b: The median bubble diameter required to achieve the target surface area is calculated by reverse calculation based on Stokes' law; c: Adjust the ratio of gas pressure to liquid flow rate in the gas-liquid mixer so that the peak value of the bubble cluster diameter distribution approaches the target value; Sound field guidance: a: Install a piezoelectric ceramic array on the outer wall of the pipeline; b: Based on the biofilm charge density distribution map obtained in step 1, select the region with a charge density higher than the average value as the target area; c: By controlling the phase difference of the emitted waveform of each piezoelectric unit, the maximum sound pressure intensity is formed in the target area.

[0012] Preferably, the method for constructing the microbial activity prediction model includes: Standard biofilm samples were cultured in a simulated dental water system environment; Simultaneously collect three parameters: biomembrane charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate; K-value benchmark labels were obtained by monitoring the regeneration rate after quantitative removal of the biofilm. The gradient boosting decision tree algorithm is used to train the nonlinear mapping relationship between the three parameters and the K value; The model weight coefficients are updated after every 10 sterilization cycles.

[0013] Preferably, the dual-indicator verification method specifically includes: Adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity decrease rate: a: Before sterilization, a baseline RLU value was measured by collecting effluent samples at a fixed flow rate; b: After sterilization, the RLU value was measured under the same conditions, and the percentage decrease was calculated; Attenuation rate of tube wall capacitance component: a: Measure the electrode impedance phase angle at a characteristic frequency before sterilization; b: Extract the characteristic peak capacitance value corresponding to the biomembrane in the phase angle spectrum; c: The degree of attenuation of characteristic peaks detected at the same frequency after sterilization.

[0014] Preferably, the injection control method for the chlorine-containing precursor solution includes: The solution concentration should be set at 10%-20% of the upper limit of the safety standard for dental water. The single injection volume V is determined by the following factors: a: Obtain the total volume V0 of the water pipe section; b: Determine the concentration compensation coefficient α based on the current K value; c: The injection amount is calculated according to the formula V=α·V0, and the range of values ​​for α is determined by electrolysis reaction efficiency experiments; The injection timing is synchronized with the start of the low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet.

[0015] Preferably, the method for optimizing the parameters of the sound field includes: Standing wave frequency selection: a: The resonant frequency range of drug-loaded microbubble clusters in the measurement pipeline; b: Select the 2nd to 3rd harmonic of the resonant frequency corresponding to the median particle size of the bubble group as the fundamental frequency of the standing wave; Sound pressure level control: a: Set the initial intensity based on the shortest path length between the target area and the transducer; b: The intensity is dynamically adjusted based on the speed of the microbubbles in the sound field, and the speed is monitored by an ultrasonic Doppler probe; c: The upper limit of strength is constrained by the condition that it does not cause microbubble collapse.

[0016] Preferably, the application of the method in a dental handpiece water system includes: The monitoring point is set within 2cm of the mobile phone water supply pipe and the main water line interface; The cavitation jet adopts a coaxial dual-channel structure: a: The high-frequency jet output from the inner channel acts on the central area of ​​the pipe wall; b: The low-frequency jet output from the external channel acts on the boundary layer of the pipe wall; The electrolytic electrode is integrated into the metal ring of the mobile phone quick connector; During the validation phase, the sampling flow rate was set to 1.5-2 times the treatment water flow rate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention collects real-time data on biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate on the water pipe walls. Based on these parameters, a pre-trained microbial activity prediction model calculates the biofilm regeneration risk level (K-value). When the K-value exceeds a preset threshold, a cavitation jet with progressively increasing frequency is activated, combined with simultaneous injection of a chlorine-containing precursor solution for adaptive control of electrolysis intensity. This dynamic adjustment mechanism can precisely remove biofilm and effectively improve disinfection, solving the problem that traditional technologies cannot completely remove biofilm.

[0018] 2. This invention reduces the amount of disinfectant used by precisely controlling the cavitation jet and adaptively adjusting the electrolysis intensity, avoiding aldehyde solution and peroxide residues, and reducing the accumulation of chemical pollutants. By generating drug-loaded microbubbles with particle size correlated with residual chlorine concentration, and guiding the microbubbles to accumulate in the high charge density region of the biofilm through an acoustic field, not only is the sterilization effect improved, but the use of excessive chemical disinfectants is also avoided.

[0019] 3. This invention reduces the generation of chlorine by controlling the intensity and duration of the electrolysis process, and by arranging a piezoelectric ceramic array in the pipeline to generate a sound field, it precisely guides microbubbles to accumulate in the target area, effectively reducing the amount of chlorine released and the risk of respiratory irritation.

[0020] 4. This invention achieves greater precision in the injection volume and timing of the disinfectant by dynamically adjusting the jet frequency, pressure, and dosage, combined with real-time feedback of the K-value. The injection volume is proportional to the total volume of the water pipe section, and the injection amount is dynamically adjusted based on the K-value to ensure that the disinfectant can effectively function during the disinfection process without causing over- or under-dosing.

[0021] 5. This invention verifies the sterilization effect simultaneously by monitoring the decrease rate of adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity and the attenuation rate of the pipe wall capacitance component in real time, ensuring the reliability of the sterilization process and that the water quality meets the "Standards for Water Used in Oral Treatment". This dual verification mechanism improves the controllability and accuracy of the sterilization effect, ensuring water quality safety and resolving the problem of excessive microorganisms. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the frequency step-incrementing rule in the method of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of dynamically adjusting the jet pressure in the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should also be noted that, to make the embodiments more comprehensive, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-3 This invention provides a dynamic sterilization and cleaning method for the water system of a dental treatment device. In step 1, the biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate of the water system pipe walls are collected in real time using sensors. The biofilm charge density reflects the electrochemical characteristics of the biofilm, the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index reflects the structural density of the biofilm, and the dissolved oxygen consumption rate indicates the activity of microorganisms. Based on these parameters, a biofilm regeneration risk level K value is calculated using a pre-trained microbial activity prediction model. This K value provides a quantitative basis for subsequent sterilization operations and can accurately predict the regeneration trend of the biofilm, thereby enabling targeted cleaning and sterilization operations. This step allows for the early identification of potential biofilm problems in the water system, avoiding indiscriminate disinfection and improving the sterilization effect.

[0026] In step 2, when the K value exceeds a preset threshold, a cavitation jet with progressively increasing frequency is initiated, and the jet parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the pipe diameter and the viscosity index of the extracellular polysaccharide. The cavitation jet forms microbubbles through rapidly changing pressure fluctuations. These bubbles release powerful physical energy during collapse, effectively disrupting the biofilm structure attached to the pipe wall. The frequency increase and jet intensity of the cavitation jet are dynamically adjusted according to the pipe diameter and the viscosity index of the extracellular polysaccharide to ensure uniform sterilization.

[0027] During the low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet, a chlorine-containing precursor solution is simultaneously injected, and the electrolysis intensity is adaptively controlled. In areas with high dissolved oxygen consumption rates, short-duration pulsed electrolysis with high current density is used to rapidly release chlorides; in areas with low dissolved oxygen consumption rates, continuous electrolysis with low current density is used to ensure the reagent's full effectiveness. This dynamic adjustment strategy ensures optimal coordination between the reagent and physical action, significantly improving cleaning and sterilization efficiency.

[0028] In step 3, after electrolysis, the residual chlorine concentration in the water circuit is monitored in real time, and drug-loaded microbubbles with particle sizes correlated with the residual chlorine concentration are generated based on the concentration exceeding the limit. These microbubbles are enriched in the high biofilm charge density region by the guidance of the acoustic field, further enhancing the sterilization effect on the biofilm. Microbubbles not only effectively improve the drug delivery efficiency but also increase the drug's contact time and concentration, effectively exerting a sterilization effect deep within the biofilm.

[0029] By monitoring the biofilm's state in real time and calculating the K-value, areas requiring cleaning and sterilization can be accurately identified, thus avoiding the inefficiency of blind disinfection in traditional methods. The combined action of cavitation jets and electrolysis not only disrupts the biofilm structure but also effectively removes the biofilm matrix, solving the problem of only disinfecting planktonic bacteria. By reducing the use of high-concentration disinfectants and dynamically adjusting the concentration and electrolysis intensity, chemical pollution and excessive effluent standards are avoided, ensuring patient safety. It avoids the respiratory irritation caused by traditional disinfectant residues, reduces the use of chemical solvents, and is more environmentally friendly and safer. A dual verification mechanism (detecting the decrease rate of adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity and the attenuation rate of the tube wall capacitance component) ensures the reliability of the sterilization process, and the final water quality meets the standards for dental treatment water.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the charge density of the biomembrane is collected by converting the microcurrent fluctuation value between the electrodes on the tube wall. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Step a: Measure the microcurrent fluctuation value on a standard tube segment with a known biofilm thickness. Standard tube segments are typically used for calibration and comparison to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0031] Step b: Establish the correlation curve between the amplitude of microcurrent fluctuations and the thickness of the biofilm. Through the accumulation of experimental data, the mathematical relationship between the amplitude of microcurrent fluctuations and the thickness of the biofilm is derived, which provides a foundation for subsequent measurements and analysis.

[0032] Step c: Based on the actual measured values, interpolate the above relationship curve to obtain a distribution map of biofilm charge density. This process not only provides biofilm charge density data at various points in the waterway, but also reflects the distribution and thickness changes of the biofilm in the waterway in real time.

[0033] This method allows for precise, real-time monitoring of the charge density distribution of biofilms in the water system, thereby inferring the biofilm's thickness and activity. This provides a scientific basis for dynamically adjusting sterilization strategies, making sterilization operations more precise and efficient, and avoiding resource waste caused by indiscriminate cleaning.

[0034] The viscosity index of extracellular polysaccharides was obtained by emitting high-frequency ultrasound and analyzing the attenuation spectrum characteristics of the sound waves at the receiving end. The selection of the sound wave frequency was based on the acoustic impedance characteristics of the pipe material, and this process was achieved through the following method: A transmitter emits ultrasonic waves of a specific frequency, which propagate through a water pipe. A receiver captures the ultrasonic waves traveling through the pipe and analyzes their attenuation spectrum. The viscosity properties of polysaccharides cause changes in ultrasonic wave attenuation; therefore, the viscosity index of the polysaccharide can be inferred from the attenuation characteristics.

[0035] Ultrasonic technology allows for the non-invasive detection of the viscosity index of extracellular polysaccharides, effectively reflecting the adhesion strength and stability of biofilms. This indicator is crucial for assessing the difficulty and adaptability of biofilm removal, and helps in developing appropriate sterilization and cleaning protocols.

[0036] The dissolved oxygen consumption rate is obtained by calculating the difference in dissolved oxygen concentration between the inlet and outlet of the water flowing through a fixed pipe section, combined with data from a flow velocity sensor. The specific steps are as follows: Oxygen concentration was measured at both the water inlet and outlet using dissolved oxygen sensors. The dissolved oxygen consumption rate was calculated using data from a flow velocity sensor, combined with changes in dissolved oxygen concentration.

[0037] Dissolved oxygen consumption rate is an important indicator of the activity intensity of microorganisms in biofilms. This method allows for real-time monitoring of microbial activity changes, reflecting the metabolic level of the biofilm in the water system and providing a basis for adjusting sterilization intensity. Particularly under different biofilm densities and water flow velocities, the sterilization process can be dynamically adjusted to ensure high efficiency and cleanliness.

[0038] By acquiring key parameters of the biofilm in real time using various sophisticated technologies and combining them with other indicators, the characteristics and activity of the biofilm in the water system can be dynamically and accurately assessed, thus providing a scientific basis for sterilization and cleaning operations. Through real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustments, the targeting and efficiency of the sterilization process can be improved, the amount of chemicals used can be reduced, and chemical pollution can be minimized, ultimately achieving more environmentally friendly and safer water system cleaning and sterilization. At the same time, this technology reduces the blind spots and uncertainties inherent in traditional sterilization methods, enhancing the safety and reliability of dental treatment equipment.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the frequency step-increment rule primarily optimizes the cleaning process by increasing and adjusting the cavitation jet frequency to adapt to different waterway conditions and biofilm characteristics. Specific implementation details are as follows: Step a: The initial frequency is determined based on the total length of the pipe section. The longer the pipe section, the lower the initial frequency. Long pipe sections require a lower initial frequency to ensure that the propagation and impact force of the cavitation jet can cover the entire length of the pipe.

[0040] Step b: The frequency step increase is negatively correlated with the viscosity index of the extracellular polysaccharide. That is, when the viscosity index of the extracellular polysaccharide is high, the frequency increase should be small, because high-viscosity polysaccharides hinder the propagation of cavitation. Therefore, the increase needs to be appropriately reduced to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the jet.

[0041] Step c: The duration of a single step is negatively correlated with the current biofilm charge density. The higher the biofilm charge density, the stronger the membrane activity, and the more intense the removal effect of the jet on the biofilm should be. Therefore, the duration of each step should be appropriately shortened to increase the impact force and effect of the cavitation jet.

[0042] The frequency gradient rule adjusts the jet frequency and duration according to actual conditions, enabling cavitation jets to remove biofilm more efficiently. This is especially true when dealing with biofilms of varying viscosities and charge densities, as it automatically optimizes jet parameters to improve cleaning effectiveness. This personalized control method ensures precision and efficiency in the cleaning process while reducing energy waste.

[0043] Dynamic adjustment of the jet pressure ensures the effectiveness of the cavitation jet. The specific steps are as follows: Step a: Obtain the pipe material characteristic coefficients from the pipe diameter database. Based on the pipe diameter of different pipe materials, retrieve the corresponding pipe material characteristic coefficients from the database. This is because the pipe diameter directly affects the jet pressure and flow rate; therefore, the jet pressure must be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the pipeline.

[0044] Step b: The pressure value is directly proportional to the square root of the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index and inversely proportional to the pipe diameter. A higher extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index means greater resistance in the water flow, thus requiring an increase in jet pressure; while with a larger pipe diameter, the jet pressure should be appropriately reduced to ensure effective pressure distribution.

[0045] Step c: Perform closed-loop calibration of the actual output value using the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor monitors the actual pressure of the jet in real time and performs closed-loop calibration based on the set target value to ensure that the actual output pressure is consistent with the required standard.

[0046] Dynamic jet pressure adjustment allows for real-time adjustments based on biofilm characteristics and pipe size variations, ensuring the cavitation jet's effectiveness is unaffected by external factors. This method optimizes cavitation, improves cleaning efficiency, and avoids poor cleaning or equipment damage caused by excessively high or low pressure. Furthermore, the closed-loop calibration mechanism of the pressure sensor enables more precise jet pressure control, effectively enhancing the stability and safety of the sterilization and cleaning process.

[0047] By combining a frequency gradient increase rule with dynamic adjustment of jet pressure, this dynamic sterilization and cleaning method for dental treatment equipment can precisely regulate key parameters during the cleaning process under different water circuit and biofilm conditions. This method effectively avoids the problems of over-cleaning or under-cleaning that may occur in traditional cleaning methods, improving the cleaning efficiency and sterilization effect of the water circuit. At the same time, dynamically adjusting jet parameters and pressure can reduce energy and resource waste, reduce equipment wear, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0048] In one possible implementation, setting the threshold value is a key part of the adaptive control of electrolysis intensity. By measuring the dissolved oxygen consumption rate and analyzing historical data, it is possible to precisely determine when to adjust the electrolysis intensity. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Step a: Measure the dissolved oxygen consumption rate under baseline conditions before sterilization. First, measure the dissolved oxygen consumption rate in the water circuit under standard conditions before sterilization. This data is the basis for subsequent electrolysis intensity adjustment.

[0049] Step b: Set a critical value based on the dissolved oxygen consumption rate corresponding to the abrupt change in biofilm regeneration rate in historical data. Abrupt changes in the biofilm regeneration rate usually indicate a change in cleaning effectiveness; therefore, a critical value is set based on the relationship between dissolved oxygen consumption rate and abrupt changes in biofilm regeneration rate in historical data. This critical value will act as a warning during electrolysis, ensuring that the electrolysis intensity is within the optimal range for biofilm cleaning and sterilization.

[0050] By setting this critical value, the electrolysis process can be automatically adjusted in intensity according to the actual conditions of the water circuit. This avoids poor cleaning results or resource waste caused by excessively high or low electrolysis intensity, making the entire cleaning process more precise and efficient.

[0051] In certain situations, when the dissolved oxygen consumption rate exceeds a critical value, a high current density mode is required to improve electrolysis efficiency. The specific implementation rules are as follows: Step a: The increase in current density is positively correlated with the proportion by which the current dissolved oxygen consumption rate exceeds the critical value. When the dissolved oxygen consumption rate exceeds the set critical value, the increase in current density is proportional to the proportion exceeding the critical value. That is, the higher the consumption rate, the greater the increase in current density, in order to enhance the electrolysis effect and quickly remove harmful substances from the water system.

[0052] Step b: The width of a single pulse should be less than 50% of the duration of the current low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet. To avoid over-electrolysis and negative effects, the duration of each pulse should be controlled within 50% of the duration of the current low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet. This ensures high efficiency of electrolysis without interfering with the jet's effect.

[0053] The high current density mode can rapidly enhance electrolysis intensity and improve sterilization efficiency when the biofilm regeneration rate is too fast or dissolved oxygen consumption is too high. This mode can precisely adjust the current density, improve efficiency, and avoid the negative impact of over-electrolysis on the system or pipelines.

[0054] When the electrolysis process requires a lower current density, the low current density mode can maintain a certain electrolysis effect while avoiding excessive bubble formation and energy waste. Specific rules are as follows: Step a: Set the current density to the minimum value required to continuously generate bubbles on the electrode surface. In low current density mode, the current density is set to the minimum value to ensure that bubbles can be continuously generated on the electrode surface, thereby maintaining electrolysis, but without generating too many bubbles or too high current, thus avoiding resource waste.

[0055] Step b: Electrolysis time should cover at least 3 cavitation jet frequency cycles. In low current density mode, to ensure sufficient sterilization effect, the electrolysis time should cover at least 3 cavitation jet frequency cycles. This ensures that the electrolysis process continues and thoroughly cleans the water circuit.

[0056] The low current density mode reduces energy consumption and damage to the water system while ensuring the continuity of the cleaning process. This mode maintains low energy consumption and bubble generation even in scenarios requiring longer, gentler treatments, thereby improving overall cleaning and sterilization efficiency.

[0057] By precisely setting the above critical values ​​and adaptively controlling high and low current density modes, the electrolysis intensity can be intelligently adjusted according to actual conditions, ensuring a more precise and efficient dynamic sterilization and cleaning process in the water circuit of dental treatment equipment. This not only improves the cleaning effect but also reduces energy waste, extends the service life of the equipment, and avoids unnecessary damage caused by excessively high or low electrolysis intensity.

[0058] In one possible implementation, particle size control is key to ensuring that microbubbles can effectively perform their cleaning and sterilization functions. The specific steps are as follows: Step a: Calculate the required total diffusion surface area of ​​the neutralizing agent based on the residual chlorine concentration. During microbubble generation, the residual chlorine needs to react with the neutralizing agent to achieve effective sterilization. First, calculate the required diffusion surface area of ​​the neutralizing agent based on the residual chlorine concentration in the water. The larger the surface area of ​​the neutralizing agent, the faster the reaction rate and the more efficiently harmful substances can be removed.

[0059] Step b: Calculate the median bubble diameter required to achieve the target surface area based on Stokes' Law. Stokes' Law describes the behavior of particles moving in a fluid; according to this law, the bubble diameter is closely related to its surface area and reaction rate. By using a reverse calculation method, the median diameter of the bubbles to be generated can be calculated based on the desired diffusion surface area, thus determining the optimal bubble size range.

[0060] Step c: Adjust the gas pressure to liquid flow rate ratio in the gas-liquid mixer to bring the peak diameter distribution of the bubble swarm closer to the target value. In the gas-liquid mixer, the size and distribution of bubbles can be controlled by adjusting the gas pressure and liquid flow rate. Ensuring that the peak diameter distribution of the bubble swarm matches the target particle size maximizes its cleaning and sterilization effect in the water system.

[0061] By precisely controlling the bubble size, the surface area and reaction efficiency of the bubbles can be optimized, thereby improving the cleaning and sterilization effects of drug-loaded microbubbles. Bubbles that are too large may not effectively cover the water surface, while bubbles that are too small may not provide sufficient reaction surface area. Particle size control can balance this and ensure optimal results.

[0062] Sound field guidance precisely controls the direction and intensity of sound wave propagation to create an optimal reaction environment for microbubbles in the target area. The specific steps are as follows: Step a: Install a piezoelectric ceramic array on the outer wall of the pipe. To guide and control microbubbles, a piezoelectric ceramic array is installed on the outer wall of the pipe. Piezoelectric ceramics have the property of deforming when a voltage is applied, and can emit sound waves, thereby affecting the movement and aggregation of microbubbles in the water flow.

[0063] Step b: Based on the biofilm charge density distribution map obtained in Step 1, select areas with charge density higher than the average value as target areas. During biofilm removal, high charge density areas are usually where bacteria and harmful substances accumulate, making them key areas for cleaning. Based on the biofilm charge density distribution map obtained in Step 1, areas with higher charge density can be selected as target areas for sound field guidance, ensuring that the sound field guides and concentrates on these areas.

[0064] Step c: By controlling the phase difference of the emitted waveforms of each piezoelectric unit, the maximum sound pressure intensity is formed in the target area. By adjusting the phase difference of the emitted waveforms between the piezoelectric ceramic units, the maximum sound pressure intensity can be formed in the target area, thereby enhancing the aggregation effect of microbubbles in this area and improving its cleaning and sterilization capabilities.

[0065] Sound field guidance utilizes the effects of sound waves to allow microbubbles to aggregate in the target area, especially in regions with high charge density of the biofilm, thus enhancing the reaction effect of microbubbles in these areas. By precisely controlling the distribution of sound pressure intensity, not only is sterilization efficiency improved, but the localized concentration and high efficiency of the cleaning process are also ensured.

[0066] By combining particle size control and acoustic field guidance, the generation and orientation of microbubbles can be precisely regulated, ensuring that microbubbles exert maximum effectiveness in critical areas during the dynamic sterilization and cleaning process of dental treatment equipment water channels. This precise control not only increases the reaction surface area of ​​drug-loaded microbubbles but also allows them to be accurately concentrated in highly contaminated areas, enhancing cleaning and sterilization effects while avoiding energy waste and over-cleaning.

[0067] In one possible implementation, to construct an accurate predictive model of microbial activity, it is first necessary to culture standard biofilm samples in a simulated dental waterway environment. Biofilms are layered structures formed by microorganisms accumulating on the inner walls of the waterway. These biofilms are often habitats for bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, and their presence in dental treatment equipment can lead to equipment contamination and affect treatment outcomes. Therefore, the culture of standard biofilm samples is crucial for simulating real waterway environments and microbial behavior.

[0068] During biofilm culture, the following three important parameters are collected simultaneously: Biofilm charge density: Charge density reflects the electrochemical properties of the biofilm surface, which can affect the adhesion and stability of microorganisms and is an important indicator for assessing biofilm activity.

[0069] Extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index: Extracellular polysaccharides are important components of biological membranes, with high adhesiveness and physical viscosity. They directly affect the structural stability of biological membranes and the interaction between biological membranes and water flow.

[0070] Dissolved oxygen consumption rate: The rate of dissolved oxygen consumption is an indicator of microbial metabolic activity, reflecting the growth and activity level of microorganisms.

[0071] These parameters help to fully understand the physicochemical properties of biofilms and their active state, providing data support for subsequent model building.

[0072] After obtaining biofilm samples, a K-value baseline label can be obtained by quantitatively removing a portion of the biofilm and monitoring its regeneration rate. The K-value reflects the regenerative capacity of the biofilm and can be used to assess its tolerance based on the rate of biofilm formation and recovery in the aquatic environment. The core of this step is to quantitatively assess the biofilm regeneration rate and obtain the K-value as a reference for evaluating the effectiveness of actual sterilization and cleaning processes.

[0073] A gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm was used to establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between biofilm parameters and the K value. GBDT is a powerful machine learning algorithm capable of handling a large number of features and fitting complex nonlinear relationships by weighted ensemble of multiple decision trees. This method allows for accurate prediction of changes in the K value based on parameters such as biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate, thereby enabling dynamic prediction of microbial activity.

[0074] To continuously improve the model's accuracy and adaptability, the model weight coefficients are updated after every 10 sterilization cycles. This adaptive process allows the microbial activity prediction model to be adjusted and optimized based on the latest sterilization effect data, ensuring the model's long-term effectiveness and reliability in practical applications.

[0075] Through these technical steps, the microbial activity prediction model can accurately reflect the dynamic changes of biofilms in the water system of dental treatment equipment in real time. This model combines the dynamic relationship between multidimensional parameters (such as charge density, viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate) and biofilm regeneration capacity, making the cleaning and sterilization process more precise and efficient. The model's continuous updating and adaptive characteristics allow it to adapt to changes in different environmental conditions and microbial communities, thereby significantly improving the reliability and effectiveness of sterilization and cleaning methods. Furthermore, utilizing machine learning techniques for prediction and optimization helps reduce errors from manual operation, increases automation, and ultimately achieves long-term, continuous, and highly efficient sterilization and cleaning of the water system.

[0076] In one possible implementation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy molecule present in all living cells, and its fluorescence intensity is closely related to cell activity. By measuring changes in ATP fluorescence intensity, changes in microbial activity in the water system can be indirectly assessed, thereby reflecting the sterilization effect.

[0077] Step a: Before sterilization, collect water samples at a fixed flow rate and determine the baseline RLU (Relative Light Unit) value. Measure the ATP fluorescence intensity in the water sample using an ATP fluorescence detector to obtain the baseline RLU value before sterilization. This value serves as a reference standard for subsequent sterilization effectiveness verification.

[0078] Step b: After sterilization, under the same conditions (maintaining the same flow rate and environmental parameters), the ATP fluorescence intensity in the water sample is measured again, and the percentage decrease compared to the RLU value before sterilization is calculated. By comparing with the baseline value, the impact of the sterilization process on microorganisms can be assessed; the greater the decrease in RLU value, the more significant the sterilization effect.

[0079] This invention provides a rapid and efficient method for monitoring microbial activity in the water circuit of dental treatment equipment, accurately reflecting changes in microbial quantity and activity. A decrease in ATP fluorescence intensity can quickly verify the effectiveness of the sterilization and cleaning process and help adjust cleaning parameters to achieve optimal sterilization results.

[0080] Biofilm accumulation on water pipe walls can affect the normal operation of equipment. Therefore, evaluating biofilm removal based on the attenuation rate of the pipe wall capacitance component is an effective method. The capacitance component reflects the electrical properties of the biofilm; after sterilization, the electrical properties of the biofilm change, and the capacitance value decreases.

[0081] Step a: Before sterilization, measure the impedance phase angle of the electrode at a characteristic frequency. The impedance phase angle can be measured by placing the electrode on the inner wall of the tubing and applying an electrical signal of a specific frequency. The phase angle spectrum contains the electrical characteristics of the biomembrane, reflecting its capacitance.

[0082] Step b: Extract characteristic peak capacitance values ​​related to the biofilm from the phase angle spectrum. By analyzing the impedance phase angle spectrum, extract the capacitance peaks associated with the presence of the biofilm. This capacitance value is an indicator reflecting the thickness and properties of the biofilm, providing fundamental data for subsequent cleaning effectiveness evaluation.

[0083] Step c: After sterilization, the attenuation degree of the characteristic peak corresponding to the biofilm in the phase angle spectrum is detected again at the same frequency. If sterilization is effective, the capacitance characteristics of the biofilm will be significantly weakened, resulting in a decrease in the capacitance peak. By comparing the capacitance changes before and after sterilization, the degree of biofilm removal can be quantified.

[0084] By measuring the attenuation rate of the capacitance component in the pipe wall, the effectiveness of biofilm removal can be accurately assessed. This method effectively detects biofilm accumulation in water systems and provides feedback for optimizing the sterilization process. Compared to traditional visual observation or simple cleaning indicators, capacitance measurement offers a more precise and objective evaluation method, helping to better control the effectiveness of cleaning and sterilization processes.

[0085] These two validation methods combine the ATP fluorescence intensity decrease rate and the tube wall capacitance component decay rate, providing a multi-dimensional means of validating sterilization effectiveness. The ATP fluorescence intensity decrease rate can rapidly assess changes in microbial activity, while the tube wall capacitance component decay rate verifies biofilm removal from a physicoelectric perspective. Using both methods together not only improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the validation but also provides reliable data support for dynamically adjusting sterilization strategies, ensuring the long-term effective cleaning and disinfection of the water system in dental treatment equipment.

[0086] In one possible implementation, to ensure maximum sterilization effectiveness while complying with dental water safety standards, the concentration of the chlorine precursor solution should be set to 10%-20% of the upper limit of these standards. This concentration range effectively kills microorganisms in the water system without posing a risk to patient health or equipment. Dental water safety standards typically impose strict limits on chlorine content in water to ensure its safety. By controlling the concentration of the chlorine precursor solution within an appropriate range, its effectiveness in the sterilization process can be guaranteed.

[0087] During sterilization, the first step is to obtain the total volume V0 of the water pipe section, which is the total amount of water contained in the pipe. This volume is the basis for calculating the amount of solution to be injected. By using accurate volume data, the injection volume can be calculated to avoid too much or too little solution, ensuring a balance between solution concentration and sterilization effect.

[0088] The K-value reflects the activity of microorganisms and the regeneration capacity of biofilm in the aqueduct. A higher K-value indicates faster biofilm regeneration and stronger microbial activity. Therefore, the concentration compensation coefficient α is determined based on the current K-value. A higher K-value means more chlorine precursor solution needs to be injected to achieve the same sterilization effect; therefore, a higher α-value corresponds to a larger injection volume. By monitoring the K-value in real time, the solution concentration and injection volume can be adjusted according to different aqueduct environments and microbial activity to achieve the optimal sterilization effect.

[0089] The injection volume V is calculated using the formula V = α·V0, where V0 is the total volume of the water pipe section and α is the concentration compensation coefficient determined based on the K value. This method allows for precise control of the injected solution volume, ensuring that the concentration of the injected chlorine precursor solution is appropriate under different microbial activity states, thereby achieving efficient sterilization.

[0090] To ensure the stability and effectiveness of the system under various conditions, the range of values ​​for α should be calibrated through electrolysis reaction efficiency experiments. These experiments can simulate different water environment and biofilm states to obtain an accurate range of α values, allowing for dynamic adjustment of the injection volume according to environmental changes during actual use, thereby ensuring the efficiency and safety of the sterilization process.

[0091] Cavitation jets release energy by generating and rapidly collapsing bubbles, thereby enhancing cleaning and sterilization effects. The timing of the injection of the chlorine-containing precursor solution is synchronized with the onset of the low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet, meaning that the solution injection and the action of the cavitation jet work in tandem to improve the uniformity of solution distribution and reaction efficiency. Cavitation jets effectively increase the fluidity and contact area of ​​the solution in the water path, thereby strengthening the contact between the solution and the water surface and microorganisms, enhancing the sterilization effect.

[0092] The embodiments of the present invention provide a precise, safe, and dynamically adjustable solution that ensures efficient sterilization of the water circuit in dental treatment equipment, while adapting to different microbial activity environments and improving the effectiveness and safety of the cleaning and sterilization process.

[0093] In one possible implementation, when optimizing the acoustic field, the first step is to experimentally measure the resonant frequency range of the drug-loaded microbubble swarm in the pipeline. The resonant frequency of the microbubble swarm is determined by the bubble size, shape, and physical properties of the surrounding medium. In this application, the presence of microbubbles serves not only to carry the drug but also to effectively enhance cleaning and sterilization through resonance in the ultrasonic field. Therefore, accurately measuring the resonant frequency range of the microbubble swarm provides the necessary data support for subsequent parameter selection.

[0094] Once the resonant frequency range of the microbubble swarm is known, the next step is to select the corresponding standing wave fundamental frequency based on the median particle size of the swarm. Choose a frequency that is 2-3 times the harmonic of the resonant frequency corresponding to the median particle size of the swarm as the standing wave fundamental frequency. By selecting this frequency, the nonlinear oscillation effect of the bubbles can be maximized, thereby enhancing the cleaning and sterilization effect. This frequency selection is crucial for increasing the energy density of the sound field, accelerating the vibration and collapse of microbubbles, and thus improving its cleaning effect on water pipes.

[0095] The sound pressure level setting needs to be adjusted based on the distance between the target area (i.e., pollutants or microbial communities in the water pipes) and the transducer. The transducer's function is to generate sound waves, and the intensity of sound waves attenuates as the propagation distance increases. Therefore, by measuring the shortest path length between the target area and the transducer, the initial sound pressure level can be set. This ensures that the sound waves have sufficient energy to reach the target area, achieving the desired cleaning effect.

[0096] To achieve dynamic optimization, the velocity of microbubbles in the sound field needs to be monitored using an ultrasonic Doppler probe. The velocity of the microbubbles reflects their excitation level and response state in the sound field. Higher microbubble velocities indicate higher energy in the sound field and stronger microbubble oscillations; conversely, lower velocities indicate lower energy. Based on the microbubble velocity, the sound pressure level can be dynamically adjusted to ensure it remains at an optimal level during cleaning and sterilization, effectively avoiding poor results due to insufficient energy.

[0097] When adjusting the sound pressure level, it is crucial to ensure that the upper limit of the intensity does not cause microbubble collapse. Microbubble collapse releases a significant amount of energy and generates shock waves in the surrounding environment. While this energy release can be beneficial in some situations, an excessively strong collapse effect can disrupt system stability. Therefore, the upper limit of the intensity should be set based on the microbubble collapse threshold to avoid over-excitation, ensuring optimal sterilization and cleaning effects without damaging equipment or water systems.

[0098] The sound field parameter optimization method, by precisely controlling the frequency and intensity, can significantly improve the cleaning and sterilization effect of the water circuit, optimize equipment performance, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the system, while ensuring safety.

[0099] In one possible implementation, to accurately monitor changes in water flow and quality, the monitoring point is placed within 2 centimeters of the interface between the dental handpiece water supply pipe and the main water line. This location is chosen to allow for timely detection of the water flow from the main water line to the dental handpiece, ensuring real-time monitoring of the flow rate and water quality of the entire water supply system.

[0100] By precisely locating monitoring points, data on water flow rate, temperature, and potential contaminants can be obtained in real time. This allows for timely intervention when water quality issues arise, ensuring the safety and stability of water quality during dental treatment and preventing any impact on treatment outcomes.

[0101] The cavitation jet system consists of two channels, an inner and an outer channel. The inner channel outputs a high-frequency jet (>50kHz) that acts on the central region of the pipe wall, while the outer channel outputs a low-frequency jet (<30kHz) that acts on the boundary layer of the pipe wall. This dual-channel design allows the inner and outer jets to work together to act on different areas of the water channel.

[0102] Inner channel: The high-frequency jet acts on the central area of ​​the pipe wall, which can induce a stronger cavitation effect. The high-frequency jet can effectively stimulate the generation of microbubbles and cause the bubbles to expand and collapse rapidly, thereby generating a powerful shock wave that removes deposits, dirt or microorganisms from inside the pipe.

[0103] External channel: Low-frequency jets act on the boundary layer of the pipe wall, which can effectively clean the edge area of ​​the pipe and remove parts that are difficult for water flow to reach.

[0104] This coaxial dual-channel structure optimizes the cleaning effect of the water flow. The strong cavitation effect of the high-frequency jet effectively removes dirt from the inner wall of the water pipe, while the low-frequency jet removes deposits in the edge area through strong vibrations generated in the boundary layer, thus comprehensively improving the cleaning efficiency of the water system. The dual-channel jet can work simultaneously on multiple levels, ensuring that every part of the water system is thoroughly cleaned.

[0105] The electrolytic electrode is integrated into the metal ring of the mobile phone quick-connect plug. The active substances (such as chlorine and hydrogen) generated by the electrolysis reaction can further help clean the water system and sterilize it. The integrated design of the metal ring allows the electrode to continue to function in the water flow, improving the electrolysis effect without affecting the function of other components.

[0106] By utilizing the electrolytic electrodes within the water flow, organic matter in the water can be further decomposed, disinfected, and sterilized, reducing the proliferation of microorganisms in the water system and thus improving water quality. This integrated design tightly combines electrolytic sterilization with water system cleaning, effectively removing contaminants from pipes and killing bacteria and viruses, reducing the risk of cross-infection.

[0107] During the method validation phase, to ensure the reliability of the water path cleaning effect, the sampling flow rate was set to 1.5 to 2 times the treatment water flow rate. This means that the water flow rate will be increased during the validation process to enhance the cleaning effect and ensure that the validation of sterilization and cleaning functions can reach the ideal standard.

[0108] Increasing the sampling flow rate allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the water system's cleaning and sterilization capabilities, ensuring it meets standard requirements in practical use. This measure helps identify potential system problems, enabling timely adjustments and optimizations, thereby improving the overall system's safety and efficiency.

[0109] Through precise monitoring, a dual-channel structure utilizing cavitation jet technology, integration of electrolytic electrodes, and optimized flow sampling design, highly efficient cleaning and sterilization of the water system are ensured, while avoiding treatment outcomes affected by water quality issues. These innovative technologies enable more thorough cleaning of the dental equipment's water system, more efficient operation, and improved patient safety, playing a crucial role, especially in preventing cross-infection and microbial contamination.

[0110] The following examples will illustrate this in detail: This invention is applied to the water system of dental treatment equipment, especially in dental instruments that are used continuously, such as dental spray cleaning equipment and water flossers. Through the water system cleaning and sterilization system of this invention, it is ensured that no bacteria grow in the water system and cross-infection is avoided.

[0111] Specifically, the cavitation jet device is connected to the inlet of the water system, and the inner and outer channels of the jet device are connected to both ends respectively.

[0112] Electrolysis electrodes are installed at the outlet of the water system to purify water through electrolysis.

[0113] Quick-connect plugs connect to each component of the water system, ensuring the system can be quickly disassembled and cleaned when needed.

[0114] The cavitation jet device uses two different frequency jet modes: High-frequency jet mode: The frequency is 50kHz, mainly used to clean fine dirt and microorganisms in water channels.

[0115] Low-frequency jet mode: The frequency is 20kHz, which is suitable for cleaning larger impurities.

[0116] The voltage of the electrolysis electrode was set to 12V, the current to 2A, and the running time to 10 minutes. The temperature during the electrolysis process was maintained at around 40°C to ensure sterilization effectiveness.

[0117] The treatment water flow rate is set to 1.2L / min to ensure that the water flow is not affected during normal use.

[0118] The sampling flow rate was set to twice the treatment water flow rate, i.e., 2.4 L / min, to measure water quality and adjust the flow rate during the experimental phase.

[0119] The cleaning effect of cavitation jets is calculated using the following formula: ; in: The cleaning pressure (Pa) generated by cavitation. The density of water (1000 kg / m³) 3 ), The speed of sound (1500 m / s). The jet frequency is (kHz). The contact area of ​​the jet (m²) 2 ).

[0120] For the high-frequency jet mode (50kHz), the calculated cleaning pressure is: ; This high-frequency jet mode can generate sufficient pressure to effectively clean fine dirt and microorganisms in the water system.

[0121] For the low-frequency jet mode (20kHz), the calculated cleaning pressure is: ; The low-frequency jet mode provides greater water flow dynamics, making it suitable for removing larger impurities.

[0122] Water sterilization is achieved through electrolysis electrodes. The chloride and hydrogen peroxide produced during water electrolysis effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the water. The chemical equation for the electrolysis reaction is: ; While the electrolysis electrodes generate gas, bacteria and viruses in the water are killed.

[0123] Application experiments were conducted in dental treatment water systems, employing the cavitation jet cleaning and electrolytic sterilization technologies of this invention, and comparing them with traditional single cleaning methods.

[0124] In the comparative experiment, the traditional technology only used a conventional water flow cleaning system and did not use electrolytic electrodes.

[0125] Cleaning effect: This invention achieves a cleaning efficiency of over 95%, effectively removing fine dirt and microorganisms from waterways.

[0126] Traditional techniques have a cleaning efficiency of 60%, but fail to effectively remove microorganisms, which can easily lead to cross-infection.

[0127] Sterilization effect: This invention achieves a sterilization rate of 99.9%, effectively killing most bacteria and viruses in water.

[0128] Traditional technology: sterilization rate is only 70%, and the effect is poor in high-density bacterial environments.

[0129] Comparative experimental results demonstrate the significant advantages of the cleaning and sterilization system of this invention: The cavitation jet technology of this invention, combined with electrolytic electrodes, significantly improves the removal of fine impurities and microorganisms, achieving a cleaning efficiency more than 1.5 times that of traditional technologies. Electrolysis effectively kills bacteria and viruses in the water; compared to traditional methods, this invention increases the sterilization rate by 29.9%, greatly reducing the spread of bacteria in the water system and ensuring the safety of the treatment process. This invention features an easy-to-maintain quick-connect plug, allowing users to conveniently clean the water system after treatment and maintain long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0130] Through the specific implementation steps, detailed parameter settings, and comparative experimental data on cleaning and sterilization effects in this embodiment, it is clear that the present invention has significant technical advantages in water system cleaning and sterilization. In particular, with the rational setting of parameters such as cavitation jet frequency and electrolytic sterilization current and voltage, the invention not only improves cleaning efficiency but also greatly enhances the sterilization effect of the water system, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies. Therefore, the present invention has high technical value and application prospects in practical applications, and can effectively improve the water system cleaning and sterilization performance of dental treatment equipment.

[0131] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0132] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of water circuits in dental treatment equipment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Real-time collection of biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index and dissolved oxygen consumption rate on the water pipe wall; based on the above parameters, calculate the biofilm regeneration risk level K value through a pre-trained microbial activity prediction model. Step 2: When the K value exceeds the preset threshold, a cavitation jet with progressively increasing frequency is initiated. The jet parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the pipe diameter and the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index. During the low-frequency phases of the cavitation jet, a chlorine-containing precursor solution is simultaneously injected, and the electrolysis intensity is adaptively controlled. High current density short-time pulses are used under high dissolved oxygen consumption rates; Low current density continuous electrolysis is used at a low dissolved oxygen consumption rate. Step 3: After electrolysis, the residual chlorine concentration is detected. If it exceeds the limit, drug-loaded microbubbles with particle size related to the residual chlorine concentration are generated. The microbubbles are guided by the sound field to accumulate in the high biofilm charge density region. During the verification stage, the decrease rate of adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity and the attenuation rate of pipe wall capacitance component in the water outlet are detected simultaneously. If both indicators meet the standards, sterilization is completed.

2. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit of dental treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time acquisition of biofilm charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate on the water pipe wall in step 1 specifically includes: Biomembrane charge density: calculated from the microcurrent fluctuations between the electrodes on the tube wall, specifically calibrated through the following steps: a: Measure the microcurrent fluctuation value on a standard tube section with a known biofilm thickness; b: Establish the curve showing the relationship between the amplitude of microcurrent fluctuations and the thickness of the biofilm; c: Obtain the biofilm charge density distribution map by interpolating the actual measured values ​​on the curve; Extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index: obtained by emitting high-frequency ultrasound and analyzing the attenuation spectrum characteristics of the sound wave at the receiving end. The sound wave frequency is selected based on the acoustic impedance characteristics of the pipe. Dissolved oxygen consumption rate: This is obtained by calculating the difference in dissolved oxygen concentration between the inlet and outlet of the fixed pipe section through which water flows, combined with data from flow velocity sensors.

3. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit in dental treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control method for the cavitation jet in step 2 includes: Frequency step-increment rule: a: The initial frequency is determined based on the total length of the pipe section; the longer the length, the lower the initial frequency. b: The frequency step increase is negatively correlated with the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index; the higher the viscosity, the smaller the increase. c: The duration of a single step is negatively correlated with the current biomembrane charge density; Dynamic adjustment of jet pressure: a: Obtain the pipe material characteristic coefficients from the pipe diameter database; b: The pressure value is directly proportional to the square root of the extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index and inversely proportional to the pipe diameter. c: The actual output value is calibrated through a closed-loop system using a pressure sensor.

4. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit of dental treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive control of electrolysis intensity in step 2 includes: Methods for determining critical values: a: Measure the dissolved oxygen consumption rate under baseline conditions before sterilization; b: Set a critical value based on the dissolved oxygen consumption rate corresponding to the abrupt change in biofilm regeneration rate in historical data; High current density mode execution rules: a: The increase in current density is positively correlated with the proportion by which the current dissolved oxygen consumption rate exceeds the critical value; b: The width of a single pulse is less than 50% of the duration of the current low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet; Low current density mode execution rules: a: The current density is set to the minimum value that will cause continuous bubble generation on the electrode surface; b: The electrolysis duration covers at least 3 cavitation jet frequency cycles.

5. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit of a dental treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for generating and directing drug-loaded microbubbles in step 3 includes: Particle size control: a: Calculate the required total surface area for neutralizing agent diffusion based on the residual chlorine concentration; b: The median bubble diameter required to achieve the target surface area is calculated by reverse calculation based on Stokes' law; c: Adjust the ratio of gas pressure to liquid flow rate in the gas-liquid mixer so that the peak value of the bubble cluster diameter distribution approaches the target value; Sound field guidance: a: Install a piezoelectric ceramic array on the outer wall of the pipeline; b: Based on the biofilm charge density distribution map obtained in step 1, select the region with a charge density higher than the average value as the target area; c: By controlling the phase difference of the emitted waveform of each piezoelectric unit, the maximum sound pressure intensity is formed in the target area.

6. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit in dental treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for constructing the microbial activity prediction model includes: Standard biofilm samples were cultured in a simulated dental water system environment; Simultaneously collect three parameters: biomembrane charge density, extracellular polysaccharide viscosity index, and dissolved oxygen consumption rate; K-value benchmark labels were obtained by monitoring the regeneration rate after quantitative removal of the biofilm. The gradient boosting decision tree algorithm is used to train the nonlinear mapping relationship between the three parameters and the K value; The model weight coefficients are updated after every 10 sterilization cycles.

7. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit of a dental treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The verification method for the two indicators specifically includes: Adenosine triphosphate fluorescence intensity decrease rate: a: Before sterilization, a baseline RLU value was measured by collecting effluent samples at a fixed flow rate; b: After sterilization, the RLU value was measured under the same conditions, and the percentage decrease was calculated; Attenuation rate of tube wall capacitance component: a: Measure the electrode impedance phase angle at a characteristic frequency before sterilization; b: Extract the characteristic peak capacitance value corresponding to the biomembrane in the phase angle spectrum; c: The degree of attenuation of characteristic peaks detected at the same frequency after sterilization.

8. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit of a dental treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The injection control method for the chlorine-containing precursor solution includes: The solution concentration should be set at 10%-20% of the upper limit of the safety standard for dental water. The single injection volume V is determined by the following factors: a: Obtain the total volume V0 of the water pipe section; b: Determine the concentration compensation coefficient α based on the current K value; c: The injection amount is calculated according to the formula V=α·V0, and the range of values ​​for α is determined by electrolysis reaction efficiency experiments; The injection timing is synchronized with the start of the low-frequency phase of the cavitation jet.

9. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit in dental treatment equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for optimizing the parameters of the sound field includes: VSWR frequency selection: a: The resonant frequency range of drug-loaded microbubble clusters in the measurement pipeline; b: Select the 2nd to 3rd harmonic of the resonant frequency corresponding to the median particle size of the bubble group as the fundamental frequency of the standing wave; Sound pressure level control: a: Set the initial intensity based on the shortest path length between the target area and the transducer; b: The intensity is dynamically adjusted based on the speed of the microbubbles in the sound field, and the speed is monitored by an ultrasonic Doppler probe; c: The upper limit of strength is constrained by the condition that it does not cause microbubble collapse.

10. The method for dynamic sterilization and cleaning of the water circuit in a dental treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is applied in dental handpiece water system systems, including: The monitoring point is set within 2cm of the mobile phone water supply pipe and the main water line interface; The cavitation jet adopts a coaxial dual-channel structure: a: The high-frequency jet output from the inner channel acts on the central area of ​​the pipe wall; b: The low-frequency jet output from the external channel acts on the boundary layer of the pipe wall; The electrolytic electrode is integrated into the metal ring of the mobile phone quick connector; During the validation phase, the sampling flow rate was set to 1.5-2 times the treatment water flow rate.

Images