Water body ecological monitoring and treatment system and method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of process control, in particular to a water body ecological monitoring and management system and method thereof, comprising the following modules: state fragment construction module, abnormal source discrimination module, management task chain control module and feedback correction module, the state fragment construction module associates water quality, hydrodynamic and ecological environment representation parameters with sampling time, sampling location, water body area and execution device influence range, the abnormal source discrimination module discriminates abnormal source according to liquid level, flow rate, adjacent sampling location parameter direction and historical state change when the parameters deviate from the preset range, the management task chain control module generates a management task chain and controls device action, and the feedback correction module forms a feedback collection window and corrects the task chain or control instruction. The present application forms a closed loop of monitoring data, spatial partition management, device control and ecological environment response of open water bodies, and is suitable for ecological restoration and operation and maintenance scenarios in water body environment management engineering such as rivers and lakes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of process control technology, and in particular to a water body ecological monitoring and management system and method. Background Technology

[0002] The field of process control technology revolves around the acquisition, transmission, comparison, judgment, storage, and action control of the operating status, detection signals, control commands, and execution equipment of the controlled object. It typically involves sensors, controllers, communication links, actuators, and host computers or servers working together according to preset thresholds, timing conditions, and process rules to manage parameter changes in continuous or intermittent processes. Traditional water body ecological monitoring and management systems and methods refer to systems and operational procedures that technically address the water quality status and ecological management processes of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and ponds. These typically involve sensors acquiring field parameters such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, liquid level, or flow velocity, which are transmitted to controllers or servers via wired lines, wireless networks, or fieldbuses. The controller compares the parameters according to monitoring time, sampling location, threshold range, and historical records, and sends start / stop, opening degree, or running time commands to aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment. The server stores, retrieves, and displays sampling records, control records, and equipment status.

[0003] Traditional water body ecological monitoring and control often relies on single-point water quality parameters and fixed thresholds to trigger aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment. When open water bodies are affected by rainfall runoff, upstream water, shoreline pollution input, wind and wave disturbance, bottom sediment release, algal reproduction, and flow pattern changes, the direction of change between sampling locations and historical states are difficult to use to determine the source. Short-term disturbances are easily treated as continuous pollution. The impact of treatment actions on the ecological environment of different water body areas lacks feedback constraints, and the basis for treatment is lagging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water body ecological monitoring and management system and method. By correlating water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, ecological environment characterization parameters, sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the executing equipment, a water body state segment is formed that characterizes the local state of the water body and the relationship between the equipment's function. Based on this water body state segment, anomaly source identification, management task chain generation, and post-management feedback correction are performed, creating a continuous and interconnected management process between water body monitoring, anomaly identification, equipment control, and feedback correction. Furthermore, this invention incorporates at least one of remote sensing imagery, UAV inspection imagery, water surface video images, meteorological rainfall data, and upstream water inflow status data, along with a trend prediction submodule. This enables management control not only to respond to existing parameter deviations but also to trigger early warnings based on prediction results. By incorporating equipment operating status, influence range, cost constraints, and multi-equipment collaboration relationships into the management task chain generation and feedback correction, the management task chain can adapt to control needs under different water body areas, different anomaly sources, and different combinations of executing equipment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a water body ecological monitoring and management system, including a state segment construction module, an anomaly source identification module, a management task chain control module, and a feedback correction module.

[0006] The state fragment construction module is used to acquire water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters, and associate these parameters with sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the execution equipment to generate water body state fragments. The ecological environment characterization parameters include at least one of transparency, chlorophyll a, algae density, distribution of floating debris on the water surface, aquatic plant cover status, and eutrophication characterization parameters. To expand the sources of water body ecological state characterization, the state fragment construction module also acquires at least one of remote sensing imagery, UAV inspection imagery, water surface video images, meteorological and rainfall data, and upstream water inflow status data, and performs temporal and spatial matching with the water body state fragments.

[0007] Furthermore, the state segment construction module synchronously collects the water quality, liquid level, or flow velocity parameters output by the sensor group according to the sampling time, and performs target recognition or region segmentation on remote sensing images, UAV inspection images, or water surface video images to extract the distribution of floating objects on the water surface, algae coverage, aquatic plant coverage, or areas of abnormal water color as ecological environment characterization parameters. The synchronously collected parameters are then bound to the sampling location and water body area. When the sampling location falls within the influence range of the execution device, the execution device identifier and its current state are written into the water body state segment; when the sampling location does not fall within the influence range of the execution device, the sampling location is marked as a pending matching state and awaits re-matching at the next sampling time.

[0008] Furthermore, the water body state segment includes sampling time, sampling location, water body region, set of water quality parameters, liquid level or flow velocity parameters, set of ecological environment characterization parameters, influence range of the execution equipment, execution equipment identifier, and current status of the execution equipment. When multiple sampling locations exist at the same sampling time, the state segment construction module groups the multiple sampling locations according to the water body region, and uses the collected parameters within the same water body region as input to the anomaly source discrimination module.

[0009] To enable the anomaly identification process to incorporate continuous state changes, the state segment construction module also includes a trend prediction submodule. This submodule inputs continuously generated water body state segments into a water body trend prediction model trained on historical samples, and outputs prediction results for water quality parameters, ecological environment characterization parameters, or the probability of anomalies occurring within the target time period. The anomaly source discrimination module is used to discern the source of the anomaly based on changes in liquid level, flow velocity, the direction of parameter changes at adjacent sampling locations, and historical state changes when water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters in the water body state segments deviate from preset ranges, or when the prediction results meet the early warning triggering conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, after receiving the water body state segment, the anomaly source discrimination module first compares the water quality parameter set and the ecological environment characterization parameter set with preset ranges. When neither the water quality parameter set nor the ecological environment characterization parameter set deviates from the preset range, the anomaly source discrimination ends; when either the water quality parameter set or the ecological environment characterization parameter set deviates from the preset range, it continues to compare the direction of change of liquid level or flow velocity parameters, the direction of change of parameters at adjacent sampling locations, and the historical state changes of the same water body area, and outputs the anomaly source based on the comparison results.

[0011] Optionally, the source of the anomaly includes at least one of the following: anomaly of external input, anomaly of hydrodynamic disturbance, anomaly of algae or eutrophication, anomaly of sediment release, and anomaly triggered by remediation. When the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters change in the same direction, and the direction of parameter change at adjacent sampling locations satisfies the transmission relationship, the source of the anomaly is determined to be an anomaly of hydrodynamic correlation or anomaly of external input; when the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters do not change in the same direction, and the historical state changes of the same water body area satisfy the condition of continuous deviation, the source of the anomaly is determined to be an anomaly of regional ecological degradation or anomaly triggered by remediation.

[0012] The governance task chain control module is used to generate a governance task chain based on the anomaly source, the water body area, the available execution equipment, the influence range of the execution equipment, and the current status of the execution equipment when the anomaly source meets the governance triggering conditions. It then controls the actions of aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, surface operation equipment, or ecological restoration auxiliary equipment. The governance task chain control module also establishes cost constraints based on at least one of the following: equipment energy consumption, reagent consumption, number of equipment start-ups and shutdowns, electricity price during operation, and governance response time. It generates the governance task chain only after the target parameters are met or the predicted risk is reduced.

[0013] Furthermore, when the source of an anomaly meets the governance triggering conditions, the governance task chain control module first determines the callable execution equipment according to the water body area, then filters the target execution equipment according to the coverage relationship between the influence range of the execution equipment and the water body state segment, and generates a governance task chain containing the execution order, triggering conditions, and feedback nodes based on the current state of the target execution equipment. As an additional optimization, the governance task chain control module also compares multiple candidate governance task chains based on governance effect constraints and cost constraints. The governance effect constraints include at least one of the following: the degree of achievement of target parameters, the magnitude of reduction in predicted anomaly risk, and the degree of disturbance of non-target parameters. The cost constraints include at least one of the following: reagent dosage, equipment operating power, expected operating time, number of start-ups and shutdowns, and electricity price periods.

[0014] Furthermore, the governance task chain includes a pretreatment stage, a main governance stage, and a feedback verification stage. The governance task chain control module controls the operation of circulating water pumps or valves during the pretreatment stage, controls the operation of aeration equipment, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment during the main governance stage, and transmits the influence range of the target execution equipment to the feedback correction module during the feedback verification stage. To adapt to situations where multiple execution equipment participates in the governance, when the influence ranges of multiple target execution equipment overlap, are adjacent, or have upstream / downstream relationships, the governance task chain control module generates collaborative control instructions for parallel scheduling, time-sharing scheduling, or relay scheduling based on the equipment function type, the degree of overlap in influence range, response time, mutual exclusion conditions, and current load status.

[0015] The feedback correction module is used to form a feedback acquisition window after the treatment action, and to correct the treatment task chain or control command based on the direction of change of target parameters, the achievement of target parameters, and the changes of non-target parameters. The target parameters include water quality target parameters and ecological environment target parameters. Further, after receiving the influence range of the execution device corresponding to the target execution device, the feedback correction module forms a feedback acquisition window within the response time after the execution device's action ends, and collects target parameters and non-target parameters based on the influence range of the execution device within the feedback acquisition window. When the target parameter changes in the expected direction but does not reach the target range, the running time of the target execution device is extended or the control intensity of the target execution device is adjusted; when the target parameter does not change in the expected direction, the feedback acquisition result is returned to the treatment task chain control module. As an additional limitation, when multiple adjustable control schemes exist, the feedback correction module prioritizes the control scheme that meets the target parameter improvement requirements and has lower reagent consumption, equipment energy consumption, or non-target parameter disturbances.

[0016] Furthermore, when the feedback correction module detects a non-target parameter changing in an abnormal direction within the feedback acquisition window, it outputs a pause command to the governance task chain control module, pausing the current governance task chain and calling on equipment status feedback, continuous sensor data, and changes in adjacent sampling positions for verification. When the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of the executing device, the target executing device is switched; when the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of sampling, the system waits for the next sampling time to regenerate the water state segment.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for water body ecological monitoring and management, executed by the aforementioned water body ecological monitoring and management system. The method includes: collecting water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters from rivers, lakes, landscape water bodies, or regulating water bodies, and integrating at least one of remote sensing images, UAV inspection images, water surface video images, meteorological and rainfall data, and upstream water inflow status data; associating the collected parameters with sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the executing equipment to generate water body state segments; inputting the continuously generated water body state segments into a water body trend prediction model to obtain prediction results for water quality parameters, ecological environment characterization parameters, or the probability of anomalies occurring within a target time period; when the water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters in the water body state segments deviate from a preset range, or when the prediction results meet the early warning triggering conditions, identifying the source of the anomaly based on changes in liquid level, flow velocity, the direction of parameter changes at adjacent sampling locations, and historical state changes; when the source of the anomaly meets the management triggering conditions, determining the source of the anomaly, the water body area, and the regulating water body based on the source of the anomaly, the water body area, and the influence range of the executing equipment. A governance task chain is generated using the executing device, the scope of influence of the executing device, and the current status of the executing device; otherwise, data is collected again at the next sampling time. When generating the governance task chain, candidate governance task chains are screened based on at least one of the following: target parameter attainment, predicted risk reduction, non-target parameter disturbance, reagent consumption, equipment energy consumption, operating time, and electricity price period. The aeration equipment, circulating water pump, valve, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment are controlled according to the governance task chain. When multiple executing devices exist, parallel scheduling, time-sharing scheduling, or relay scheduling is performed based on the degree of overlap of the equipment's scope of influence, upstream and downstream relationships, equipment function type, and mutual exclusion conditions. A feedback acquisition window is formed after the governance action, and the governance task chain or control command is corrected based on the direction of change of target parameters, the attainment of target parameters, and the change of non-target parameters. The target parameters include water quality target parameters, ecological environment target parameters, or hydrodynamic target parameters.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: The state fragment construction module binds water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters with sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the execution equipment. The anomaly source identification module introduces changes in liquid level, flow velocity, the direction of parameter changes at adjacent sampling locations, and historical state changes after parameters deviate from the preset range, forming a basis for anomaly source judgment adapted to open water body disturbances. The governance task chain control module generates a governance task chain containing execution sequence, triggering conditions, and feedback nodes based on the anomaly source, the influence range of the equipment, and the current state of the execution equipment. The feedback correction module corrects the control instructions based on changes in target and non-target parameters within the feedback acquisition window, so that the governance actions and regional state changes form a closed loop correspondence. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is the main flowchart of the water body ecological monitoring and management of the present invention; Figure 2 Construct a data flow diagram for the state segments of this invention; Figure 3 This is a logic diagram for identifying the source of anomalies in this invention; Figure 4 This is a closed-loop diagram of the governance task chain control and feedback in this invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the water body ecological monitoring and management method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following describes the feasible implementation methods of the water body ecological monitoring and management system and method in conjunction with the technical solutions, invention content, and materials described in this invention. The water body ecological monitoring and management system and method belong to the application of process control technology in the ecological management scenario of open water bodies. The data acquisition, comparison, discrimination, control, feedback, and correction involved in subsequent embodiments all revolve around state identification and execution adjustment in a continuous process. The water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, ecological environment characterization parameters, sampling time, sampling location, water body area, influence range of the execution equipment, execution equipment identification, current status of the execution equipment, water body state segments, anomaly sources, management triggering conditions, management task chains, feedback acquisition windows, target parameters, and non-target parameters used in subsequent embodiments are all determined according to the technical solutions described in the application documents. Water quality parameters are used to characterize the water quality state of the water body; hydrodynamic parameters are used to characterize changes in liquid level or flow velocity; and ecological environment characterization parameters are used to characterize transparency, chlorophyll a, algae density, distribution of floating debris on the water surface, aquatic plant coverage status, or eutrophication characterization parameters in open water bodies. Water body state segments are data objects jointly invoked by subsequent anomaly source discrimination, management task chain generation, and feedback correction. In the process control chain, the water state segment is equivalent to a structured description of the current state of the controlled object, used to establish the correspondence between detection signals, judgment logic, control commands, and feedback results. The material does not provide existing accompanying figures; therefore, subsequent added figures will be derived from [the provided figures]. Figure 1 The initial numbering is used to illustrate the processes, module collaboration, data flow, judgment logic, task control, and feedback loop relationships in the embodiments. The newly added accompanying drawings, which depict the process relationships, logical relationships, and feedback relationships, are all used to assist in explaining the monitoring input, status judgment, execution output, and feedback correction processes of this invention in process control scenarios.

[0022] Example 1 Please see Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment provides a water body ecological monitoring and management system, which includes a state segment construction module, an anomaly source identification module, a management task chain control module, and a feedback correction module. The state segment construction module serves as the entry point for linking monitoring data with the water body area, sampling location, and the influence range of the execution equipment. The anomaly source identification module serves as the entry point for determining the source of deviations in the water body state. The management task chain control module serves as the entry point for controlling the actions of the execution equipment. The feedback correction module serves as the entry point for collecting feedback and correcting instructions after management actions. These four modules form a closed-loop control chain in the order of water body state segments, anomaly sources, management task chains, and feedback collection results. This closed-loop control chain reflects the continuous transmission relationship between the detection, comparison, decision-making, execution, and feedback links in process control, enabling the open water body management process to respond in segments according to state changes.

[0023] The state segment construction module receives water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters output by the sensor group. Water quality parameters may include field-collected parameters characterizing the water quality state; hydrodynamic parameters may include liquid level or flow velocity parameters; and ecological environment characterization parameters include at least one of transparency, chlorophyll a, algae density, surface floating matter distribution, aquatic plant cover status, and eutrophication characterization parameters. The state segment construction module uses sampling time as the basis for synchronous aggregation, aggregating water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters corresponding to the same sampling time into a set of collected parameters under the same time reference, and binding the synchronously aggregated set of collected parameters with the sampling location and water body region. This synchronous aggregation process is part of the detection signal tuning process in process control, used to ensure that field parameters from different sources enter the same state judgment link at a unified sampling time. The sampling location is used to determine the spatial source of the collected parameter set in the open water body, and the water body region is used to determine the regional group to which the collected parameter set belongs when participating in anomaly source discrimination.

[0024] When generating water body state segments, the state segment construction module writes the sampling time, sampling location, water body area, water quality parameter set, liquid level or flow velocity parameters, ecological environment characterization parameter set, influence range of the executing equipment, executing equipment identifier, and current status of the executing equipment into the same water body state segment. The influence range of the executing equipment is used to represent the coverage area of ​​the water body area that aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, surface operation equipment, or ecological restoration auxiliary equipment can affect. The state segment construction module matches the sampling location with the influence range of the executing equipment. When the sampling location falls within the influence range of the executing equipment, the corresponding executing equipment identifier and current status of the executing equipment are written into the water body state segment, enabling the subsequent governance task chain control module to determine the coverage relationship between the callable executing equipment and the water body state segment. By writing the current status of the executing equipment into the water body state segment, the controlled area, detection signals, and actuators in process control are incorporated into the same data object, facilitating the subsequent formation of control instructions with clear execution boundaries. When a sampling location does not fall within the influence range of the execution device, the state segment construction module marks the sampling location as a pending match state. This pending match state does not directly trigger device control; instead, the sampling location is re-matched with the influence range of the execution device at the next sampling time. This re-matching process is used to prevent sampling locations without execution coverage from directly entering the control output stage, thereby reducing control deviations caused by the mismatch between the detection input and the execution object from a process control perspective.

[0025] When multiple sampling locations exist at the same sampling time, the state segment construction module groups these locations according to water body regions and uses multiple water state segments within the same water body region as input to the anomaly source discrimination module. Through this grouping process, the sets of water quality parameters, liquid level or flow velocity parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters from different sampling locations within the same water body region can be compared under the same discrimination object, preventing instantaneous deviations from a single sampling location from directly forming a governance task chain. The direction of parameter changes between multiple sampling locations serves as the source of the direction of parameter changes for subsequent adjacent sampling locations, while historical state changes are continuously determined by water state segments formed at different sampling times within the same water body region. Therefore, the state segment construction module not only completes on-site parameter acquisition but also provides a unified input for time-series comparisons, spatial comparisons, and historical trend comparisons in process control.

[0026] After receiving a water body state segment, the anomaly source identification module first compares the set of water quality parameters and the set of ecological environment characterization parameters in the water body state segment with a preset range. The preset range is the boundary condition used to determine whether the water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters deviate from the preset range. The specific value of the preset range can be determined according to the treatment requirements of different water body areas within the scope supported by this patent. If neither the set of water quality parameters nor the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the anomaly source identification module ends the current anomaly source identification and keeps the corresponding water body state segment in a state that does not trigger the treatment task chain. If the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the anomaly source identification module continues to read the direction of change of liquid level or flow velocity parameters, the direction of change of parameters at adjacent sampling locations, and the historical state changes of the same water body area. The above comparison order reflects the logic of threshold judgment followed by state tracking in process control, that is, first confirming whether the controlled object deviates from the allowable range, and then confirming the relationship between the deviation state and hydrodynamic changes, spatial transmission, and historical trends.

[0027] The direction of change in liquid level or flow velocity parameters is used to determine whether the deviation is accompanied by hydrodynamic changes. The direction of change in parameters at adjacent sampling locations is used to determine whether the deviation exhibits a spatial transmission relationship. Historical state changes in the same water body area are used to determine whether the deviation meets the conditions for continuous deviation. When the set of water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters change in the same direction, and the direction of change in parameters at adjacent sampling locations meets the transmission relationship, the anomaly source discrimination module determines the anomaly source as a hydrodynamic correlation anomaly or an external input anomaly. The intermediate states of the above discrimination process include parameter deviation, liquid level or flow velocity change in the same direction, and transmission between adjacent sampling locations. When all three intermediate states are met, the system outputs a hydrodynamic correlation anomaly or an external input anomaly, and the output result serves as the input for determining the treatment trigger condition. In the process control link, this output result is equivalent to the process anomaly type formed by comparing the detection signal and the state, and is used to provide a discrimination basis for subsequent actuator scheduling.

[0028] The anomaly source identification module determines an anomaly source as a regional ecological degradation anomaly or a remediation-triggered anomaly when the set of water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from a preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters do not change in the same direction, and the historical state changes of the same water body area meet the continuous deviation condition. The intermediate states in the above identification process include parameter deviation, non-co-directional changes in liquid level or flow velocity, and historical continuous deviation. The anomaly source output by the anomaly source identification module includes at least one of the following: external input anomaly, hydrodynamic disturbance anomaly, algal or eutrophication anomaly, sediment release anomaly, and remediation-triggered anomaly. For anomaly sources formed in the same water body area, the anomaly source identification module binds the anomaly source with the corresponding water body area, sampling location, and water body state segment, and transmits this information to the remediation task chain control module. By binding the anomaly source with the water body state segment, the judgment result in process control can carry the corresponding controlled area and sampling source into the control decision-making stage.

[0029] Upon receiving an anomaly source, the governance task chain control module first determines whether the anomaly source meets the governance triggering conditions. If the anomaly source does not meet the governance triggering conditions, the governance task chain control module does not generate a governance task chain, and the corresponding water body area is re-sampled and regenerated at the next sampling time. If the anomaly source meets the governance triggering conditions, the governance task chain control module first determines the callable execution devices according to the water body area, and then filters the target execution devices according to the coverage relationship between the execution device's influence range and the water body state segment. The selection criteria for target execution devices include whether the execution device's influence range covers the sampled location where the deviation occurred, whether the current state of the target execution device can perform the action, and whether there is a governance correspondence between the target execution device and the anomaly source. This filtering process corresponds to the actuator selection process in process control, used to match the control output with the actual area, anomaly type, and equipment status of the controlled object.

[0030] The governance task chain control module generates a governance task chain based on the anomaly source, water area, available execution equipment, the impact range of the execution equipment, and the current status of the execution equipment. The governance task chain includes execution sequence, triggering conditions, and feedback nodes. The execution sequence defines the sequential relationship between the actions of circulating water pumps, valves, aeration equipment, dosing equipment, surface operation equipment, or ecological restoration auxiliary equipment. Triggering conditions define the conditions under which the anomaly source triggers the corresponding execution equipment's action. Feedback nodes define the impact range of the execution equipment received by the feedback correction module after the governance actions are completed, forming a feedback acquisition window. The governance task chain is not directly equivalent to a single device start / stop command, but rather includes a task sequence from anomaly source input, target execution equipment selection, control command output to feedback correction entry. Therefore, the governance task chain plays the role of a composite control command sequence in process control, transforming a single judgment result into a continuous control process with execution stages and feedback entry points.

[0031] The governance task chain can include a pretreatment stage, a main governance stage, and a feedback verification stage. In the pretreatment stage, the governance task chain control module controls the operation of circulating water pumps or valves to pre-treat hydrodynamic conditions or water flow states. In the main governance stage, the governance task chain control module controls the operation of aeration equipment, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment to treat the water quality or ecological environment state corresponding to the source of the anomaly. In the feedback verification stage, the governance task chain control module transmits the influence range of the target execution equipment to the feedback correction module to limit the feedback collection area to the range where the target execution equipment can exert its effect. These three stages are progressive; the equipment and water state formed in the pretreatment stage serve as prerequisites for the main governance stage, and the completion status of the equipment actions in the main governance stage serves as the trigger condition for the feedback collection window to be formed in the feedback verification stage. This staged setup provides clear temporal boundaries for pre-treatment adjustments, main control actions, and feedback verification in process control.

[0032] When the governance task chain control module outputs control commands to the executing equipment, the control commands correspond to the type of executing equipment. Aeration equipment receives control commands related to runtime or control intensity; circulating water pumps receive control commands related to start / stop or runtime; valves receive control commands related to start / stop or opening degree; dosing equipment receives control commands related to dosing actions; surface operation equipment receives control commands related to surface operation actions; and ecological restoration auxiliary equipment receives control commands related to ecological restoration auxiliary actions. After the control commands are output, the governance task chain control module retains the correspondence between the executing equipment identifier, the current status of the executing equipment, the scope of influence of the executing equipment, and the governance task chain feedback nodes, so that the feedback correction module can locate the acquisition window after the governance action. In the context of process control, the correspondence between control commands, executing equipment responses, and feedback nodes is used to form traceable execution records and feedback entry points.

[0033] After receiving the influence range of the target execution device, the feedback correction module forms a feedback acquisition window within the response time after the execution device's action ends. The feedback acquisition window defines the time and spatial range of the feedback acquisition; the time range is determined by the response time after the execution device's action ends, and the spatial range is determined by the influence range of the execution device. Within the feedback acquisition window, the feedback correction module acquires target parameters and non-target parameters based on the influence range of the execution device. Target parameters include water quality target parameters and ecological environment target parameters; in water body ecological monitoring and management methods, target parameters may also include hydrodynamic target parameters. Non-target parameters are parameters other than target parameters within the feedback acquisition window used to determine whether the management action has caused abnormal changes in other parameters. The feedback acquisition window, as a feedback measurement window in process control, is used to obtain the response status of the controlled object after the actuator's action.

[0034] The feedback correction module compares the direction of change of the target parameter within the feedback acquisition window with the expected direction, and compares the acquired target parameter result with the target range. When the target parameter changes in the expected direction but does not reach the target range, the feedback correction module extends the runtime of the target execution device or adjusts the control strength of the target execution device. This correction action is based on the direction of change of the target parameter and the target parameter compliance status, without changing the anomaly source already output by the anomaly source identification module. When the target parameter does not change in the expected direction, the feedback correction module returns the feedback acquisition result to the governance task chain control module, which then combines the anomaly source, the current state of the target execution device, and the feedback acquisition result to re-determine the governance task chain or control command. This process embodies the closed-loop correction logic in process control, that is, correcting subsequent control quantities based on the feedback quantity after execution, rather than simply maintaining a fixed control output based on the initial detection value.

[0035] The feedback correction module also detects the direction of change of non-target parameters within the feedback acquisition window. When a non-target parameter changes in an abnormal direction, the feedback correction module outputs a pause command to the governance task chain control module, which then pauses the current governance task chain. After the pause, the feedback correction module verifies the status feedback, continuous sensor data, and changes in adjacent sampling positions. The device status feedback determines whether the target execution device is in an abnormal state, the continuous sensor data determines whether the acquired parameters are continuous in time, and the changes in adjacent sampling positions determine whether the deviation from the state continues in space. When the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of the execution device, the governance task chain control module switches the target execution device; when the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of sampling, the system waits for the next sampling time to regenerate the water state segment. The above process of pausing, verifying, switching, or regenerating the water state segment allows the feedback acquisition result output by the feedback correction module to return to the corresponding processing entry of the governance task chain control module or the state segment construction module. The above abnormal feedback processing enables the process control link to stop the current control sequence when non-target parameters change abnormally, and determines whether to adjust the execution mechanism or re-enter the sampling and state segment construction stage based on the verification result.

[0036] The verification method in this embodiment involves observing whether a continuous data flow and control flow are formed between the water state segment, the anomaly source, the governance task chain, the control command, and the feedback acquisition results. The water state segment output by the state segment construction module is received by the anomaly source discrimination module, the anomaly source output by the anomaly source discrimination module is received by the governance task chain control module, the governance task chain and control command output by the governance task chain control module are responded to by the target execution device, and the feedback acquisition results formed by the feedback correction module within the feedback acquisition window are returned to the governance task chain control module or trigger the next sampling time to regenerate the water state segment. The above-mentioned observable input, processing, intermediate state, output, and return relationships constitute the closed-loop implementation path of the water ecological monitoring and governance system. This closed-loop implementation path can serve as the verification basis for the feasibility of process control, that is, verifying the system operation process by detecting the continuous correspondence between input, state judgment, control output, device response, and feedback correction.

[0037] Example 2 Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5 This embodiment provides a method for monitoring and managing the ecological environment of water bodies. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment uses a method flow as the execution expression of the protection theme, transforming the collaborative relationship between the modules in Embodiment 1 into a sequential processing procedure of data acquisition, association, judgment, task generation, equipment control, and feedback correction. The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are directly generated by the data transfer and control feedback relationships between each step. While the common parts of the system modules can refer to Embodiment 1, the input-output connections, judgment branches, and feedback loops of the method steps independently form a complete process in this embodiment. From a process control perspective, this method flow is manifested as a continuous control method where the detected input forms a state quantity, the state quantity triggers a judgment, the judgment result forms a control task, the control task drives the execution equipment, and the execution result enters the feedback correction process.

[0038] S1 collects water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters from rivers, lakes, landscape water bodies, or regulating water bodies. It then correlates the collected parameters with sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the execution equipment to generate water body state segments.

[0039] The input objects of S1 are water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters. The input sources are the field sensor array and the objects from which ecological environment characterization parameters can be acquired. Water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters are synchronously collected at the same sampling time. The sampling location is used to determine the spatial source of the collected parameters, the water body area is used to determine the regional affiliation of the collected parameters, and the influence range of the executing equipment is used to determine whether the collected parameters are within the coverage area of ​​the executable treatment action. Through the correlation of sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the executing equipment, a water body state segment is formed, containing the sampling time, sampling location, water body area, set of water quality parameters, liquid level or flow velocity parameters, set of ecological environment characterization parameters, influence range of the executing equipment, identifier of the executing equipment, and the current state of the executing equipment. In process control, S1 is used to convert discrete acquired signals into state segments that can participate in subsequent comparisons, judgments, and control.

[0040] S1 also includes matching the sampling location with the influence range of the execution equipment. When the sampling location falls within the influence range of the execution equipment, the execution equipment identifier and its current state are written into the water body state segment, enabling subsequent steps to generate a treatment task chain based on the current state of the execution equipment. When the sampling location does not fall within the influence range of the execution equipment, the sampling location is marked as a pending matching state and waits for the next sampling time to rematch. This pending matching state serves as an intermediate state of the water body state segment and is not used as the basis for directly generating a treatment task chain. When multiple sampling locations exist at the same sampling time, the multiple sampling locations are grouped according to the water body region, and the collected parameters within the same water body region are used as inputs for subsequent anomaly source discrimination. Thus, S1 simultaneously completes the sampling synchronization, region aggregation, and execution object matching required for process control.

[0041] S2, when the water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters in the water body state segment deviate from the preset range, the source of the anomaly is determined by the changes in liquid level, flow velocity, the direction of parameter changes at adjacent sampling locations, and historical state changes.

[0042] The input object of S2 is the water body state segment generated by S1. First, the water quality parameter set and the ecological environment characterization parameter set are compared with preset ranges. When neither the water quality parameter set nor the ecological environment characterization parameter set deviates from the preset range, the current anomaly source identification ends, and the process returns to the acquisition process corresponding to the next sampling time. When the water quality parameter set or the ecological environment characterization parameter set deviates from the preset range, the direction of change of the liquid level or flow velocity parameter, the direction of change of the parameter at adjacent sampling locations, and the historical state changes of the same water body area are compared. The direction of change of the liquid level or flow velocity parameter is determined by the liquid level or flow velocity parameter at adjacent sampling times; the direction of change of the parameter at adjacent sampling locations is determined by the water quality parameter set or ecological environment characterization parameter set between adjacent sampling locations within the same water body area; and the historical state changes are determined by the water body state segments formed by the same water body area at different sampling times. S2 corresponds to the state comparison and anomaly identification stage in process control, used to transform the deviation state of the controlled object into anomaly sources that can be used for control decisions.

[0043] The discrimination rules of S2 include: when the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters change in the same direction, and the direction of parameter change at adjacent sampling locations satisfies the transmission relationship, the source of the anomaly is determined to be a hydrodynamic correlation anomaly or an external input anomaly. When the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters do not change in the same direction, and the historical state changes of the same water body area satisfy the continuous deviation condition, the source of the anomaly is determined to be a regional ecological degradation anomaly or a remediation-triggered anomaly. The source of the anomaly can include at least one of the following: external input anomaly, hydrodynamic disturbance anomaly, algal or eutrophication anomaly, sediment release anomaly, and remediation-triggered anomaly. The output result of S2 is the anomaly source bound to the water body area and water body state segment. This output result serves as an intermediate judgment state in process control, receiving the front-end detection input and guiding the generation of back-end control tasks.

[0044] S3. When the source of the anomaly meets the governance triggering conditions, a governance task chain is generated based on the source of the anomaly, the water body area, the callable execution device, the scope of influence of the execution device, and the current status of the execution device. Otherwise, the data is collected again at the next sampling time.

[0045] The input objects of S3 are the anomaly source output by S2 and the water state segment generated by S1. First, it determines whether the anomaly source meets the treatment trigger conditions. If the anomaly source does not meet the treatment trigger conditions, no treatment task chain is generated, the process returns to the next sampling time, and S1 is re-executed. If the anomaly source meets the treatment trigger conditions, the callable execution devices are first determined according to the water body area, and then the target execution devices are selected according to the coverage relationship between the influence range of the execution devices and the water state segment. The selected target execution devices should have a treatment function corresponding to the anomaly source, and the current state of the target execution devices should support the execution of control commands. S3 is used to implement the selection of control objects and the generation of task sequences in process control, enabling anomaly sources to be converted into control arrangements oriented towards specific execution devices.

[0046] The governance task chain generated by S3 includes execution sequence, triggering conditions, and feedback nodes. The governance task chain can include a pretreatment stage, a main governance stage, and a feedback verification stage. The pretreatment stage corresponds to the action of circulating water pumps or valves, the main governance stage corresponds to the action of aeration equipment, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment, and the feedback verification stage corresponds to transferring the influence range of the target execution equipment to the feedback acquisition window to form an entry point. The intermediate states of the governance task chain include the target execution equipment selection results, the current state of the execution equipment, the execution sequence, and feedback nodes. The output of S3 is a governance task chain that can be invoked by subsequent equipment control steps. The execution sequence and feedback nodes in the governance task chain enable process control to go beyond a single command output, forming a task control chain with staged control and feedback entry points.

[0047] S4 controls the operation of aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment according to the governance task chain.

[0048] The input to S4 is the treatment task chain output by S3. Control commands are sequentially output to the corresponding execution devices according to the execution order and triggering conditions in the treatment task chain. Circulating water pumps or valves can receive action commands during the pretreatment stage, while aeration equipment, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment can receive action commands during the main treatment stage. After receiving the control commands, the execution device establishes an action status, which is bound to the execution device identifier, the area of ​​influence of the execution device, and the corresponding water body area. The output of S4 is the execution device action completion status and the feedback verification entry point corresponding to the area of ​​influence of the execution device. S4 corresponds to the execution output stage in process control; control commands act on the corresponding water body area through the actions of the execution devices and provide the basis for subsequent feedback measurements.

[0049] S5 forms a feedback collection window after the treatment action. Based on the direction of change of target parameters, the achievement of target parameters, and the change of non-target parameters, the treatment task chain or control instructions are corrected. Target parameters include water quality target parameters, ecological environment target parameters, or hydrodynamic target parameters.

[0050] The input objects for S5 are the execution device's action completion state formed by S4 and the execution device's influence range corresponding to the target execution device. After the execution device's action ends, a feedback acquisition window is formed within the response time. Within this window, target and non-target parameters are acquired based on the execution device's influence range. If the target parameter's change direction is consistent with the expected direction but the target parameter has not reached the target range, the runtime of the target execution device is extended or the control strength of the target execution device is adjusted. If the target parameter does not change in the expected direction, the feedback acquisition results are returned to the governance task chain generation process, enabling S3 to correct the governance task chain or control commands based on the feedback acquisition results. S5 corresponds to the feedback correction stage in process control, correcting the control quantity through the response direction and compliance status of the target parameters, so that subsequent control commands can be adjusted according to the controlled object's response state.

[0051] S5 also includes pause and verification after abnormal changes in non-target parameters. When a non-target parameter is detected to be changing abnormally within the feedback acquisition window, a pause command is output and the current governance task chain is paused. Subsequently, equipment status feedback, continuous sensor data, and changes in adjacent sampling positions are used for verification. If the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of the executing equipment, the target executing equipment is switched; if the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of sampling, the water body state segment is regenerated at the next sampling time. The output of S5 includes the corrected governance task chain, the corrected control command, the switched target executing equipment, or the trigger status of the regenerated water body state segment. Thus, the water body ecological monitoring and governance method forms a closed-loop execution path from parameter acquisition to feedback correction. This closed-loop execution path enables the detection, judgment, execution, and feedback in process control to be cyclically connected, and forms a pause and verification mechanism when non-target parameters are abnormal.

[0052] The specific module divisions, process sequences, field states, judgment conditions, feedback windows, device actions, and control command inheritance relationships described in the above embodiments are used to explain the feasible implementations of the technical solutions recorded in this invention, and should not limit this invention to the specific embodiments listed. The above module divisions and process sequences are also used to illustrate the control link organization method of this invention in process control scenarios. Without departing from the scope of the technical solutions recorded in this invention, any equivalent substitutions, equivalent modifications, equivalent combinations, sequence adjustments, corresponding module substitutions, equivalent changes in field names, equivalent inheritance of execution subjects, or equivalent changes in carrier forms that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of this patent; however, they should not be extended to unclaimed topics, nor should the substantive correspondence of technical objects be changed through changes in reference numerals.

Claims

1. A water body ecological monitoring and management system, characterized in that, It includes a state fragment construction module, an anomaly source identification module, a governance task chain control module, and a feedback correction module; The state fragment construction module obtains water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters and associates them with sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the execution equipment to generate water body state fragments; The state segment construction module also acquires at least one of remote sensing images, UAV inspection images, water surface video images, meteorological and rainfall data, and upstream water inflow state data, and performs temporal and spatial matching with the water body state segment. The ecological environment characterization parameters include at least one of transparency, chlorophyll a, algae density, distribution of floating objects on the water surface, aquatic plant cover status, and eutrophication characterization parameters. The state segment construction module also includes a trend prediction submodule, which inputs the continuously generated water body state segments into the water body trend prediction model trained with historical samples, and outputs the prediction results of water quality parameters, ecological environment characterization parameters or anomaly occurrence probability within the target time period. The anomaly source identification module is used to identify the source of anomalies based on changes in liquid level, flow velocity, direction of parameter changes at adjacent sampling locations, and historical state changes when water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters in the water body state segment deviate from the preset range, or when the prediction result meets the early warning triggering conditions. The governance task chain control module is used to generate a governance task chain based on the abnormal source, the water body area, the callable execution equipment, the influence range of the execution equipment, and the current status of the execution equipment when the abnormal source meets the governance triggering conditions, and to control the actions of aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment or ecological restoration auxiliary equipment. The governance task chain control module also forms cost constraints based on at least one of equipment energy consumption, reagent consumption, number of equipment start-ups and shutdowns, electricity price during operation, and governance response time, and generates a governance task chain under the premise of meeting the target parameters or predicting risk reduction. The feedback correction module is used to generate a feedback acquisition window after the treatment action, and to correct the treatment task chain or control command based on the direction of change of target parameters, the compliance status of target parameters, and the changes of non-target parameters. The target parameters include water quality target parameters and ecological environment target parameters.

2. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The state segment construction module synchronously collects water quality, liquid level, or flow velocity parameters output by the sensor group according to the sampling time, and performs target recognition or region segmentation on remote sensing images, UAV inspection images, or water surface video images. It extracts the distribution of floating objects on the water surface, algae coverage, aquatic plant coverage, or abnormal water color areas as ecological environment characterization parameters, and binds the synchronously collected parameters with the sampling location and water body area. When the sampling location falls within the influence range of the execution device, the execution device identifier and the current status of the execution device are written into the water body state segment. When the sampling location does not fall within the influence range of the execution device, the sampling location is marked as a pending matching state and waits for the next sampling time to rematch.

3. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water body state segment includes sampling time, sampling location, water body area, set of water quality parameters, liquid level or flow velocity parameters, set of ecological environment characterization parameters, influence range of the execution equipment, execution equipment identification, and current status of the execution equipment. When there are multiple sampling locations at the same sampling time, the state segment construction module groups the multiple sampling locations according to the water body area and uses the collected parameters within the same water body area as the input of the anomaly source discrimination module.

4. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, After receiving the water body state segment, the anomaly source discrimination module first compares the water quality parameter set and the ecological environment characterization parameter set with a preset range. When neither the water quality parameter set nor the ecological environment characterization parameter set deviates from the preset range, the anomaly source discrimination ends. When the water quality parameter set or the ecological environment characterization parameter set deviates from the preset range, the module continues to compare the direction of change of liquid level or flow velocity parameters, the direction of change of parameters at adjacent sampling locations, and the historical state changes of the same water body area, and outputs the anomaly source based on the comparison results.

5. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sources of the anomalies include at least one of the following: anomalies in external input, anomalies in hydrodynamic disturbance, anomalies in algae or eutrophication, anomalies in sediment release, and anomalies triggered by remediation. When the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters change in the same direction, and the direction of parameter change at adjacent sampling locations satisfies the transmission relationship, the source of the anomaly is determined to be a hydrodynamic correlation anomaly or an external input anomaly. When the set of water quality parameters or the set of ecological environment characterization parameters deviates from the preset range, the liquid level or flow velocity parameters do not change in the same direction, and the historical state changes of the same water body area meet the continuous deviation condition, the source of the anomaly is determined to be a regional ecological degradation anomaly or a governance-triggered anomaly.

6. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the source of an anomaly meets the governance triggering conditions, the governance task chain control module first determines the callable execution devices according to the water area, then filters the target execution devices according to the coverage relationship between the influence range of the execution devices and the water state segments, and generates a governance task chain containing the execution order, triggering conditions and feedback nodes according to the current state of the target execution devices. The governance task chain control module also compares multiple candidate governance task chains based on governance effect constraints and cost constraints. The governance effect constraints include at least one of the following: the degree of achievement of target parameters, the magnitude of reduction in predicted abnormal risks, and the degree of disturbance of non-target parameters. The cost constraints include at least one of the following: the amount of reagent added, the operating power of equipment, the expected operating time, the number of start-ups and shutdowns, and the electricity price period.

7. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The governance task chain includes a preprocessing stage, a main governance stage, and a feedback verification stage; The treatment task chain control module controls the operation of circulating water pumps or valves in the pretreatment stage, controls the operation of aeration equipment, dosing equipment or surface operation equipment in the main treatment stage, and transmits the influence range of the target execution equipment to the feedback correction module in the feedback verification stage. When the influence ranges of multiple target execution devices overlap, are adjacent, or have upstream and downstream relationships, the governance task chain control module generates collaborative control instructions for parallel scheduling, time-sharing scheduling, or relay scheduling based on the device function type, degree of overlap of influence range, response time, mutual exclusion conditions, and current load status.

8. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, After receiving the influence range of the execution device corresponding to the target execution device, the feedback correction module forms a feedback acquisition window within the response time after the execution device finishes its action. Within the feedback acquisition window, target parameters and non-target parameters are acquired based on the influence range of the execution device. When the target parameters change in the expected direction but do not reach the target range, the running time of the target execution device is extended or the control strength of the target execution device is adjusted. When the target parameters do not change in the expected direction, the feedback acquisition results are returned to the governance task chain control module. When multiple adjustable control schemes exist, the feedback correction module prioritizes the control scheme that meets the target parameter improvement requirements and has low reagent consumption, equipment energy consumption, or non-target parameter disturbances.

9. The water body ecological monitoring and management system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the feedback correction module detects a non-target parameter changing in an abnormal direction within the feedback acquisition window, it outputs a pause command to the governance task chain control module to pause the current governance task chain and calls the equipment status feedback, continuous sensor data, and changes in adjacent sampling positions for verification. When the verification result meets the abnormal conditions of the execution equipment, the target execution equipment is switched. When the verification result meets the abnormal sampling conditions, the water body state segment is regenerated at the next sampling time.

10. A method for monitoring and managing water ecology, implemented according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Collect water quality parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and ecological environment characterization parameters from rivers, lakes, landscape water bodies, or regulating water bodies. Correlate the collected parameters with sampling time, sampling location, water body area, and the influence range of the execution equipment to generate water body state segments. By inputting continuously generated water body state segments into the water body trend prediction model, the prediction results of water quality parameters, ecological environment characterization parameters or anomaly occurrence probability within the target time period are obtained. When the water quality parameters or ecological environment characterization parameters in the water body state segment deviate from the preset range, or when the prediction result meets the early warning triggering conditions, the source of the anomaly is determined according to the direction of change of liquid level, flow velocity, parameters of adjacent sampling positions, and historical state changes. When the source of the anomaly meets the governance triggering conditions, a governance task chain is generated based on the source of the anomaly, the water body area, the callable execution device, the influence range of the execution device, and the current status of the execution device; otherwise, the data is collected again at the next sampling time. When generating governance task chains, candidate governance task chains are screened based on at least one of the following: target parameter achievement, predicted risk reduction, non-target parameter disturbance, reagent consumption, equipment energy consumption, operating time and electricity price period. Control the operation of aeration equipment, circulating water pumps, valves, dosing equipment, or surface operation equipment according to the aforementioned treatment task chain; When there are multiple execution devices, parallel scheduling, time-sharing scheduling or relay scheduling is performed based on the degree of overlap of the device's influence range, upstream and downstream relationships, device function type and mutual exclusion conditions. After the treatment action, a feedback collection window is formed. Based on the direction of change of target parameters, the achievement of target parameters, and the change of non-target parameters, the treatment task chain or control command is corrected. The target parameters include water quality target parameters, ecological environment target parameters, or hydrodynamic target parameters.

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