Ecological treatment and resource recycling system and method for rural domestic sewage
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610859297.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
AI Technical Summary
[0005]鉴于此，本发明提出了一种农村生活污水生态处理及资源化循环利用系统及方法，旨在解决当前技术中现有处理工艺在固液分离、厌氧发酵、生物过滤及资源化回用等方面缺乏系统协同与闭环调控，导致处理效果不稳定、水资源循环利用率低及冬季运行困难的问题
[0013]与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于，通过设置固液分离单元与厌氧处理单元，实现了粪便污水的固液高效分离与厌氧稳定化，为后续生物处理提供了水质水量相对均一的进水条件，避免了固体杂物对后续工艺的冲击。其次，通过生物滤池内部复合生物滤料层，碎石层、炉渣层、改性生物炭层、细沙层的层级协同，能够逐级截留悬浮物、吸附有机物并为微生物提供良好的附着载体，显著提升了有机污染物的降解效率，避免了传统滤池易堵塞或处理效果波动大的问题，从而提高了生物处理的稳定性与出水水质的可预见性。此外，在基质栽培单元中，通过立体墙挂式结构配合经济作物的根系吸收与填料过滤，能够对生物滤池出水进行深度净化，并同步收获经济作物，实现了污水处理与资源化生产的有机结合。同时，通过设置水冲池及连通管路，能够将经基质栽培单元净化后的达标清水回流至生态厕所用于冲厕，同时生物滤池或厌氧处理单元的部分出水还可输送至贮液池用于农田灌溉，形成了水资源与营养盐的“冲厕-处理-回用-灌溉”多级循环体系，大幅降低了外部清洁水的消耗与污水外排量。最后，暖棚整体包裹基质栽培单元和水冲池，能够在冬季有效维持系统内部环境温度，保障低温条件下微生物活性、植物生长及水循环系统的正常运行，克服了传统农村污水处理设施冬季效率低下的缺陷。该机制建立了从污水产生、固液分离、厌氧消化、好氧过滤、植物深度净化到冲厕回用及农田灌溉的全流程闭环调控路径，确保了处理系统在季节变化和负荷波动下的自适应稳定运行，有助于提升农村生活污水治理的生态效益、资源化利用效率及运行可靠性
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and more specifically, to a system and method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic wastewater. Background Technology
[0002] The ecological treatment and resource utilization of rural domestic sewage plays a vital role in improving the rural living environment, ensuring water ecological security, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Its main function is to achieve the harmless treatment of decentralized sewage such as fecal wastewater and washing wastewater, and to recover nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus for farmland irrigation or crop cultivation, providing technical support for comprehensive rural environmental management and the development of a circular economy. Existing technologies typically use septic tanks, constructed wetlands, or stabilization ponds to anaerobic ferment or naturally degrade sewage, with the treated effluent used for farmland irrigation or directly discharged. However, rural domestic sewage is characterized by large fluctuations in water volume, high concentrations of organic pollutants, and difficulties in operation during low winter temperatures. The treatment process involves the coordinated operation of multiple stages, including solid-liquid separation, anaerobic digestion, aerobic filtration, and plant absorption, resulting in a long technical chain and placing high demands on the stability of the treatment system, the consistency of effluent quality, and resource utilization efficiency.
[0003] Currently, existing rural domestic sewage treatment systems generally adopt a unit-based, non-automated operation mode. Solid-liquid separation, anaerobic fermentation, biological filter filtration, and subsequent resource utilization mainly rely on manual operation or simple gravity flow, making it difficult to achieve precise control of treatment conditions and long-term stable operation. During operation, problems such as untimely septic tank cleaning, clogging of biological filter media, and mismatch between plant growth cycles and sewage load can lead to a decline in treatment efficiency, affecting effluent quality and resource safety. Furthermore, traditional treatment processes often directly discharge treated effluent or simply use it for farmland irrigation, lacking efficient recycling of water resources and nutrients. Clean water for toilet flushing still needs to be purchased externally, failing to form a closed-loop system of "sewage-treatment-reuse." In addition, existing systems typically lack insulation measures for low winter temperatures and feedback adjustment mechanisms based on effluent quality. Treatment efficiency is greatly affected by seasonal changes, and operation and management generally rely on periodic manual inspections and post-event testing, resulting in problems of lagging control and seasonal performance fluctuations.
[0004] It is evident that existing rural domestic sewage treatment technologies still have shortcomings in areas such as process synergy control, low-temperature adaptability, resource recycling, and system operational stability, making it difficult to guarantee effluent quality compliance and high efficiency in resource utilization. This not only increases operation and maintenance costs and limits the system's promotion but also hinders the large-scale application of this technology in decentralized rural sewage treatment and the circular economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system that can achieve multi-stage ecological treatment, water resource recycling, stable operation in winter, and integrate a closed-loop optimization of solid-liquid separation-anaerobic-aerobic-plant absorption-reuse, in order to solve the problems of unstable treatment, low resource utilization, and difficult operation in winter in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a system and method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage, aiming to solve the problems of the lack of systematic coordination and closed-loop control in the current treatment process in terms of solid-liquid separation, anaerobic fermentation, biological filtration and resource recycling, which leads to unstable treatment effect, low water resource recycling rate and difficulty in operation in winter.
[0006] This invention proposes a rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system, comprising: An ecological toilet 1 is equipped with a squat toilet 2 inside, and a substrate cultivation unit 6 is installed outside the ecological toilet 1. Solid-liquid separation unit 3, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the squat toilet 2; The anaerobic treatment unit 11 is connected to the drain port of the solid-liquid separation unit 3; The biological filter 4 has an inlet connected to the outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit 11, and the interior of the biological filter 4 is filled with a composite biological filter media layer. The water flushing pool 7 has its outlet connected to the flushing pipe 16 of the squat toilet 2. The outlet of the biological filter 4 is connected to the inlet of the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the water flushing tank 7 via pipelines, and the outlet of the substrate cultivation unit 6 is connected to the water flushing tank 7. Both the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the water flushing pool 7 are enclosed inside the greenhouse 9.
[0007] Furthermore, the solid-liquid separation unit 3 is specifically a gravity sedimentation separator, the anaerobic treatment unit 11 is specifically a septic tank, and the sludge discharge port of the gravity sedimentation separator is connected to the sludge interception area of the septic tank.
[0008] Furthermore, the composite biological filter media layer inside the biological filter 4 is filled from bottom to top with a crushed stone layer 12, a slag layer 13, a modified biochar layer 14, and a fine sand layer 15. The particle size of the crushed stone is 10-30mm, the particle size of the slag is 5-10mm, the particle size of the modified biochar is 3-8mm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 1-5mm.
[0009] Furthermore, the system also includes a storage tank 5, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit 11 and the outlet of the biological filter 4. The storage tank 5 is wrapped with an insulation layer, and the outlet pipe of the storage tank 5 extends to the farmland irrigation area.
[0010] Furthermore, the substrate cultivation unit 6 is a three-dimensional wall-mounted structure, which is hung on the outer side wall of the ecological toilet 1, or is set vertically outside the site. The substrate cultivation unit 6 includes a cuboid frame 17. The inner surface of the cuboid frame 17 is covered by a black plastic film and geotextile in sequence. The interior of the cuboid frame 17 is filled with ceramsite, slag, modified biochar and fine sand in sequence from top to bottom. The sides of the cuboid frame 17 are provided with a number of cultivation holes for planting cash crops 18.
[0011] Furthermore, a water pump 10 is installed on the liquid outlet pipe at the top of the biological filter 4, and an ultraviolet disinfection device is connected in series on the liquid outlet pipe. The roof of the ecological toilet 1 is equipped with a solar photovoltaic panel 8, which is electrically connected to the water pump 10 and the ultraviolet disinfection equipment.
[0012] Furthermore, the ecological toilet 1 has a rectangular or cylindrical shape. When a rectangular structure is adopted, the ecological toilet 1 is entirely installed inside the greenhouse 9; When a cylindrical structure is adopted, the ecological toilet 1 is covered with an insulated glass cover.
[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting up a solid-liquid separation unit and an anaerobic treatment unit, efficient solid-liquid separation and anaerobic stabilization of fecal wastewater are achieved, providing relatively uniform influent conditions for subsequent biological treatment and avoiding the impact of solid impurities on subsequent processes. Secondly, through the synergistic effect of the composite biological filter media layer, crushed stone layer, slag layer, modified biochar layer, and fine sand layer inside the biological filter, suspended solids are intercepted and organic matter is adsorbed step by step, providing a good attachment carrier for microorganisms. This significantly improves the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants and avoids the problems of easy clogging or large fluctuations in treatment effect of traditional filters, thereby improving the stability of biological treatment and the predictability of effluent quality. In addition, in the substrate cultivation unit, the three-dimensional wall-mounted structure combined with the root absorption of economic crops and the filtration of the packing material can deeply purify the effluent from the biological filter and harvest economic crops simultaneously, realizing the organic combination of wastewater treatment and resource production. Meanwhile, by setting up a flushing pool and connecting pipelines, the purified water from the substrate cultivation unit can be returned to the ecological toilet for flushing. Additionally, some effluent from the biological filter or anaerobic treatment unit can be transported to a storage tank for farmland irrigation, forming a multi-stage recycling system of water resources and nutrients: "toilet flushing-treatment-reuse-irrigation." This significantly reduces the consumption of external clean water and the amount of wastewater discharged. Finally, the greenhouse completely encloses the substrate cultivation unit and flushing pool, effectively maintaining the internal temperature of the system in winter. This ensures the normal operation of microbial activity, plant growth, and the water circulation system under low-temperature conditions, overcoming the low efficiency of traditional rural wastewater treatment facilities in winter. This mechanism establishes a closed-loop control path for the entire process, from wastewater generation, solid-liquid separation, anaerobic digestion, aerobic filtration, deep plant purification to toilet flushing reuse and farmland irrigation. This ensures the adaptive and stable operation of the treatment system under seasonal changes and load fluctuations, helping to improve the ecological benefits, resource utilization efficiency, and operational reliability of rural domestic wastewater treatment. On the other hand, this application also provides a method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage, including the following steps: Rural domestic sewage is introduced into biological filter 4, where the organic matter and pollutants in the sewage are initially degraded by the internal composite biological filter layer and the microbial film attached to the surface. After being treated by the biological filter 4, the effluent is pumped by the water pump 10 to the top of the substrate cultivation unit 6 for spraying or drip irrigation. As the wastewater seeps down along the substrate cultivation unit 6, it undergoes deep purification through filtration by the internal packing material and nutrient absorption by the roots of the 18 economic crops. The qualified clean water treated by the substrate cultivation unit 6 is introduced into the flushing pool 7 for temporary storage and then returned to the ecological toilet 1 for flushing; part of the effluent from the biological filter pool 4 or part of the supernatant after anaerobic treatment is transported to the storage pool 5, which is wrapped with an insulation layer, for farmland irrigation. The mixed wastewater after flushing the toilet enters the solid-liquid separation unit 3 for solid-liquid phase separation. The separated liquid enters the anaerobic treatment unit 11 for anaerobic fermentation and degradation. The supernatant after anaerobic treatment is returned to the biological filter 4 to participate in the circulation purification. The separated solid sludge is retained at the bottom of the pool for anaerobic stabilization treatment.
[0014] Furthermore, the effluent from the biofilter 4 is first treated with ultraviolet light to kill pathogenic microorganisms before being transported to the substrate cultivation unit 6.
[0015] Furthermore, during winter operation, the internal temperature of the system is maintained at ≥10℃ by covering the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the water flushing pool 7 with the entire warm shed 9; The sludge at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit 11 is regularly cleaned, dried, composted, and tested for heavy metals before being used as organic fertilizer for returning to the field. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This invention provides a design diagram of a rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; The components include: 1. Ecological toilet; 2. Squat toilet; 3. Solid-liquid separation unit; 4. Biological filter; 5. Storage tank; 6. Substrate cultivation unit; 7. Water flushing tank; 8. Photovoltaic panel; 9. Greenhouse; 10. Water pump; 11. Anaerobic treatment unit; 12. Crushed stone layer; 13. Slag layer; 14. Modified biochar layer; 15. Fine sand layer; 16. Flushing pipe; 17. Rectangular frame; 18. Cash crops. Detailed Implementation
[0017] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0018] like Figures 1-2 As shown in some embodiments of this application, this embodiment provides a rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system, including: an ecological toilet 1, a solid-liquid separation unit 3, an anaerobic treatment unit 11, a biological filter 4, a water flushing pool 7, a substrate cultivation unit 6, a liquid storage pool 5, and a greenhouse 9.
[0019] Specifically, the ecological toilet 1 is equipped with a squat toilet 2 inside, and a substrate cultivation unit 6 is installed outside the ecological toilet 1; the inlet of the solid-liquid separation unit 3 is connected to the outlet of the squat toilet 2; the anaerobic treatment unit 11 is connected to the outlet of the solid-liquid separation unit 3; the inlet of the biological filter 4 is connected to the outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit 11, and the biological filter 4 is filled with a composite biological filter media layer; the outlet of the water flushing tank 7 is connected to the flushing pipe 16 of the squat toilet 2; wherein, the outlet of the biological filter 4 is connected to the inlet of the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the water flushing tank 7 through pipelines respectively, and the outlet of the substrate cultivation unit 6 is connected to the water flushing tank 7; both the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the water flushing tank 7 are enclosed inside the greenhouse 9.
[0020] Understandably, through multi-unit collaboration and closed-loop waterway design, the entire process of ecological treatment and resource recycling of domestic sewage—from toilet flushing to separation to anaerobic to aerobic treatment to plant purification and reuse—is achieved. In the solid-liquid separation unit 3 and the anaerobic treatment unit 11, fecal sewage undergoes gravity sedimentation to separate solid residues, while the supernatant enters the anaerobic environment for organic matter degradation, effectively reducing the pollutant load in subsequent treatments. The composite biological filter layer inside the biofilter 4 can progressively intercept suspended solids, adsorb organic matter, and provide an attachment carrier for microorganisms, significantly improving aerobic degradation efficiency. The substrate cultivation unit 6 utilizes the root system of economic crops and the filter media to deeply purify the effluent from the biofilter. The treated water is returned to the flushing tank 7 for toilet flushing, while some of the effluent can be transported to the storage tank 5 for farmland irrigation. The greenhouse 9 completely encloses the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the flushing tank 7, effectively maintaining the internal environmental temperature in winter and ensuring the normal operation of microbial activity, plant growth, and the water circulation system under low-temperature conditions.
[0021] In a specific embodiment of this application, the above steps are implemented as follows: A rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system is installed in the courtyard of a rural household in North China. The ecological toilet 1 has a rectangular structure and is entirely housed inside a heated shed 9, which is covered with a double-layer polyethylene film and has a temperature sensor installed inside. The discharge outlet of the squat toilet 2 is connected to a gravity sedimentation separator (solid-liquid separation unit 3). The sludge discharge outlet at the bottom of the separator is connected to the sludge retention area of the septic tank (anaerobic treatment unit 11), and the liquid discharge outlet at the top of the separator is connected to the inlet of the septic tank. The effective volume of the septic tank is 2m³. 3 The hydraulic retention time is 24 hours. The septic tank outlet is connected to the bottom inlet of the biological filter 4 via a DN50 pipe. The biological filter 4 is a cylindrical fiberglass tank with a diameter of 0.8m and a height of 1.2m. Its interior is filled from bottom to top with the following layers: crushed stone layer 12 (20mm particle size, 150mm thickness), slag layer 13 (8mm particle size, 200mm thickness), modified biochar layer 14 (5mm particle size, 150mm thickness), and fine sand layer 15 (3mm particle size, 100mm thickness). A water pump 10 (rated head 8m, flow rate 1.5m³ / h) is installed at the upper outlet of the biological filter 4. 3 The system includes an hourly rate of [unspecified] and an ultraviolet disinfection device (15W power). The disinfected effluent is distributed via a three-way valve: one route delivers it to the top spray pipe of the three-dimensional wall-mounted substrate cultivation unit 6, which is mounted on the north wall of the ecological toilet 1; the other route delivers it directly to the flushing tank 7 (0.5m³ volume). 3(Buried installation). The substrate cultivation unit 6 includes a rectangular frame 17 (1.5m long, 0.3m wide, and 1.2m high). The inner surface of the frame is covered with a black plastic film and geotextile in sequence. The interior is filled from top to bottom with expanded clay (100mm thick), slag (100mm thick), modified biochar (80mm thick), and fine sand (80mm thick). The sides of the frame have cultivation holes with a diameter of 80mm for planting lettuce and strawberries. The bottom outlet of the substrate cultivation unit 6 returns water to the flushing tank 7 through a pipe. The outlet of the flushing tank 7 is connected to the squat toilet 2 through a flushing pipe 16. The roof of the ecological toilet 1 is equipped with solar photovoltaic panels 8 (peak power 300W), which are electrically connected to the water pump 10 and ultraviolet disinfection equipment, and are equipped with energy storage batteries. During system operation, the mixed wastewater after toilet flushing first enters the gravity sedimentation separator. Solid sediment is discharged into the septic tank for anaerobic stabilization, while the supernatant enters the septic tank for further fermentation. The effluent from the septic tank flows by gravity into the biological filter 4. After degradation by the composite filter layer and attached microorganisms, it is pumped by the water pump 10 and disinfected with ultraviolet light. Part of the water is sent to the top of the substrate cultivation unit 6 for spraying. The clean water, after absorption by the crop roots and filtration by the filter media, flows into the flushing tank 7, while the other part directly replenishes the flushing tank 7. The clean water in the flushing tank 7 is then used for toilet flushing, forming a closed loop. In winter, the greenhouse 9 can maintain an internal temperature of no less than 12℃, ensuring the survival of plants in the substrate cultivation unit 6 and preventing the flushing tank 7 from freezing. The storage tank 5 (externally wrapped with a polyurethane insulation layer, volume 1m³)... 3 When water needs to be supplied to the outside, a portion of the liquid can be diverted from the supernatant of the septic tank or the effluent of the biological filter for irrigation of nearby vegetable fields.
[0022] The above scenarios are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0023] Specifically, the solid-liquid separation unit 3 is a gravity sedimentation separator, and the anaerobic treatment unit 11 is a septic tank. The sludge discharge port of the gravity sedimentation separator is connected to the sludge retention area of the septic tank. It can be understood that by achieving preliminary solid-liquid separation through gravity sedimentation, the solid residue directly enters the septic tank for anaerobic stabilization, which avoids large particles clogging subsequent pipes and filters, while also reducing the thickness of the scum layer in the septic tank and improving the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation.
[0024] Specifically, the composite biological filter media layer inside the biological filter 4 is filled from bottom to top with a crushed stone layer 12, a slag layer 13, a modified biochar layer 14, and a fine sand layer 15. The crushed stone has a particle size of 10mm to 30mm, the slag has a particle size of 5mm to 10mm, the modified biochar has a particle size of 3mm to 8mm, and the fine sand has a particle size of 1mm to 5mm. This hierarchical structure forms a gradient filtration channel from coarse to fine. The crushed stone layer supports the upper packing material and distributes water evenly; the slag layer adsorbs organic matter and provides a surface for microbial attachment; the modified biochar layer utilizes its high specific surface area and surface functional groups to enhance the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals; and the fine sand layer further traps small suspended solids and prevents biochar loss. The reasonable particle size distribution of each layer ensures the filter's aeration and anti-clogging capabilities.
[0025] Specifically, the system also includes a storage tank 5, whose inlet is connected to the outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit 11 and the outlet of the biofilter 4. The storage tank 5 is externally wrapped with an insulation layer, and its outlet pipe extends to the farmland irrigation area. It can be understood that the storage tank 5, as a fertilizer solution storage and regulation unit, can receive both high-concentration fertilizer solution after anaerobic treatment and low-concentration purified water after biofilter treatment. This mixture is then used for irrigation according to the fertilizer requirements of the farmland, achieving integrated water and fertilizer utilization.
[0026] Specifically, the substrate cultivation unit 6 is a three-dimensional wall-mounted structure, hung on the outer side wall of the ecological toilet 1, or set vertically outside the site. The substrate cultivation unit 6 includes a rectangular frame 17, the inner surface of which is covered sequentially by a black plastic film and geotextile. The interior of the rectangular frame 17 is filled from top to bottom with expanded clay, slag, modified biochar, and fine sand. Several cultivation holes for planting cash crops 18 are provided on the sides of the rectangular frame 17. Understandably, the three-dimensional wall-mounted structure makes full use of vertical space without occupying additional land. The black plastic film and geotextile provide seepage prevention, breathability, and water retention. The expanded clay in the filling layer has good drainage, preventing water accumulation at the roots. The slag and modified biochar provide nutrient adsorption and slow release. The fine sand layer ensures even water distribution. The cash crops 18 absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater through their roots, both purifying the water and generating economic benefits.
[0027] Specifically, a water pump 10 is installed on the effluent pipe at the top of the biological filter 4, and an ultraviolet disinfection device is connected in series with the effluent pipe; the roof of the ecological toilet 1 is equipped with a solar photovoltaic panel 8, which is electrically connected to the water pump 10 and the ultraviolet disinfection device. It is understood that the ultraviolet disinfection device can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms such as fecal coliforms in sewage, ensuring the hygiene and safety of reclaimed water and irrigation water. The solar photovoltaic panel provides green energy, enabling the system to operate independently even in rural areas not covered by the power grid.
[0028] Specifically, the ecological toilet 1 adopts a rectangular or cylindrical structure. When a rectangular structure is used, the ecological toilet 1 is entirely housed inside the greenhouse 9. When a cylindrical structure is used, the ecological toilet 1 is enclosed by an insulated glass cover. It is understandable that a rectangular greenhouse facilitates integrated construction and internal equipment arrangement, making it suitable for cold regions; the cylindrical insulated glass cover has a compact structure, suitable for scenarios with limited courtyard space. Both structures effectively reduce heat loss in winter.
[0029] In specific embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage, including the following steps: Step S100: Rural domestic sewage is introduced into biological filter 4, and the organic matter and pollutants in the sewage are initially degraded by the internal composite biological filter layer and the microbial film attached to the surface. Step S200: The effluent treated by the biological filter 4 is pumped by the water pump 10 to the top of the substrate cultivation unit 6 for spraying or drip irrigation. During the infiltration of the wastewater along the substrate cultivation unit 6, it is deeply purified by the internal packing filter and the nutrient absorption of the roots of the economic crops 18. In step S300, the qualified clean water treated by the substrate cultivation unit 6 is introduced into the flushing pool 7 for temporary storage and then returned to the ecological toilet 1 for flushing; part of the effluent from the biological filter pool 4 or part of the supernatant after anaerobic treatment is transported to the storage pool 5 with an external insulation layer for farmland irrigation. Step S400: The mixed wastewater after flushing the toilet enters the solid-liquid separation unit 3 for solid-liquid phase separation. The separated liquid enters the anaerobic treatment unit 11 for anaerobic fermentation and degradation. The supernatant after anaerobic treatment is returned to the biological filter 4 to participate in the circulation purification. Step S500: The separated solid sludge is retained at the bottom of the pool for anaerobic stabilization treatment.
[0030] Understandably, the above method constructs a complete resource utilization pathway of "toilet flushing - solid-liquid separation - anaerobic - aerobic - plant purification - reuse - residual fertilizer and water for farmland irrigation". Compared with traditional processes, this method repeatedly recycles toilet flushing water, reducing total water consumption by more than 70%; at the same time, through plant absorption and deep denitrification and phosphorus removal by filter media, the effluent quality can meet the standards for toilet flushing reuse; after stabilization, the anaerobic sludge can also be returned to the fields as organic fertilizer, achieving near-zero discharge of pollutants.
[0031] Specifically, the effluent from the biological filter 4 is first treated with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to kill pathogenic microorganisms before being transported to the substrate cultivation unit 6. It is understood that UV disinfection can effectively inactivate E. coli, parasite eggs, and other pathogens in the wastewater, preventing their growth within the substrate cultivation unit and their spread through crops or recycled water.
[0032] Specifically, during winter operation, the system maintains an internal temperature of ≥10℃ by completely covering the substrate cultivation unit 6 and the water flushing pool 7 with a heated greenhouse 9. The sludge at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit 11 is regularly removed, dried, composted, and tested for heavy metals before being used as organic fertilizer for field application. Understandably, the greenhouse's insulation ensures that plant roots within the substrate cultivation unit can still absorb nutrients during cold seasons, and the water flushing pool does not freeze, ensuring the entire recycling system can operate sustainably in winter. The resource utilization of anaerobic sludge further extends the system's ecological benefits.
[0033] Through the collaborative design and closed-loop operation of the above-mentioned multi-unit and multi-process, this embodiment can realize the ecological treatment of rural domestic sewage, water resource recycling and reuse, and resource utilization of nutrients, significantly improving the environmental and economic benefits of sewage treatment, while reducing dependence on external water sources and fertilizers. It is particularly suitable for scattered rural households, tourist attractions and remote areas.
[0034] The above scenarios are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0035] In the above embodiments, by setting up solid-liquid separation units and anaerobic treatment units, preliminary solid-liquid separation and stabilization of fecal wastewater are achieved, reducing the load on subsequent treatment. The multi-layer composite filter media design of the biological filter creates an alternating aerobic / anoxic microenvironment, significantly improving the removal efficiency of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. Through the synergy of the substrate cultivation unit and the greenhouse, wastewater treatment is combined with plant production, achieving the dual goals of deep water purification and stable operation during winter. Finally, the closed-loop design of the flushing tank and various reuse pipelines establishes a "flushing-treatment-reuse" water resource cycle path, ensuring the system's adaptive and stable operation under water volume fluctuations and seasonal changes, effectively improving the ecological benefits and resource utilization efficiency of rural domestic wastewater treatment.
[0036] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0037] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0038] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0039] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system, characterized in that, include: An ecological toilet (1) is provided with a squat toilet (2) inside, and a substrate cultivation unit (6) is provided outside the ecological toilet (1). Solid-liquid separation unit (3), the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the squat toilet (2); The anaerobic treatment unit (11) is connected to the drain port of the solid-liquid separation unit (3); The biological filter (4) has an inlet connected to the outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit (11), and the biological filter (4) is filled with a composite biological filter material layer. A water flushing pool (7) is connected to the flushing pipe (16) of the squat toilet (2). The outlet of the biological filter (4) is connected to the inlet of the substrate cultivation unit (6) and the water flushing tank (7) through pipelines, and the outlet of the substrate cultivation unit (6) is connected to the water flushing tank (7). Both the substrate cultivation unit (6) and the water flushing pool (7) are enclosed inside the greenhouse (9).
2. The rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The solid-liquid separation unit (3) is specifically a gravity sedimentation separator, and the anaerobic treatment unit (11) is specifically a septic tank. The sludge discharge port of the gravity sedimentation separator is connected to the sludge interception area of the septic tank.
3. The rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite biological filter layer inside the biological filter (4) is filled from bottom to top with a gravel layer (12), a slag layer (13), a modified biochar layer (14), and a fine sand layer (15). The particle size of the crushed stone is 10-30mm, the particle size of the slag is 5-10mm, the particle size of the modified biochar is 3-8mm, and the particle size of the fine sand is 1-5mm.
4. The rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a storage tank (5), the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit (11) and the outlet of the biofilter (4). The storage tank (5) is wrapped with an insulation layer, and the outlet pipe of the storage tank (5) extends to the farmland irrigation area.
5. The rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate cultivation unit (6) is a three-dimensional wall-mounted structure, which is hung on the outer side wall of the ecological toilet (1) or set vertically outside the site. The substrate cultivation unit (6) includes a cuboid frame (17), the inner surface of which is covered by a black plastic film and geotextile in sequence. The cuboid frame (17) is filled with ceramsite, slag, modified biochar and fine sand in sequence from top to bottom. The cuboid frame (17) has several cultivation holes for planting economic crops (18) on its side.
6. The rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A water pump (10) is installed on the liquid outlet pipe at the top of the biological filter (4), and an ultraviolet disinfection device is connected in series on the liquid outlet pipe. The roof of the ecological toilet (1) is equipped with a solar photovoltaic panel (8), which is electrically connected to the water pump (10) and the ultraviolet disinfection equipment.
7. The rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological toilet (1) has a rectangular or cylindrical shape. When a rectangular structure is adopted, the ecological toilet (1) is set inside the greenhouse (9); When a cylindrical structure is adopted, the ecological toilet (1) is covered with an insulated glass cover.
8. A method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage, applicable to the rural domestic sewage ecological treatment and resource recycling system described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Rural domestic sewage is introduced into a biological filter (4), and the organic matter and pollutants in the sewage are initially degraded by the internal composite biological filter layer and the microbial film attached to the surface. After being treated by the biological filter (4), the effluent is pumped by the water pump (10) to the top of the substrate cultivation unit (6) for spraying or drip irrigation. During the infiltration of the wastewater along the substrate cultivation unit (6), it is filtered by the internal packing material and the nutrients are absorbed by the roots of the economic crops (18) to achieve deep purification. The qualified clean water after being treated by the substrate cultivation unit (6) is introduced into the flushing pool (7) for temporary storage and then returned to the ecological toilet (1) for flushing; part of the effluent from the biological filter (4) or part of the supernatant after anaerobic treatment is transported to the storage tank (5) with an external heat insulation layer for farmland irrigation. The mixed wastewater after flushing the toilet enters the solid-liquid separation unit (3) for solid-liquid phase separation. The separated liquid enters the anaerobic treatment unit (11) for anaerobic fermentation and degradation. The supernatant after anaerobic treatment is returned to the biological filter (4) to participate in the circulation purification. The separated solid sludge is retained at the bottom of the pool for anaerobic stabilization treatment.
9. The method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The effluent from the biofilter (4) is first treated by ultraviolet disinfection equipment to kill pathogenic microorganisms before being transported to the substrate cultivation unit (6).
10. The method for ecological treatment and resource recycling of rural domestic sewage as described in claim 8, characterized in that, During winter operation, the internal temperature of the system is maintained at ≥10℃ by covering the substrate cultivation unit (6) and the water flushing pool (7) with a warm shed (9); The sludge at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit (11) is regularly cleaned, dried, composted, and tested for heavy metals before being used as organic fertilizer for returning to the field.