Riverway inflow transparency improvement method based on hierarchical ecological regulation and storage

Abstract

The application provides a river inflow transparency improvement method based on hierarchical ecological regulation and storage, comprising the following steps: constructing a multi-stage ecological regulation and storage system composed of a front reservoir, an ecological river and a rear reservoir, and respectively performing physical sedimentation, particle removal and biological filtration; acquiring space-time distribution characteristic monitoring data of river inflow suspended matter; generating a control instruction for optimizing the spatial layout and operation parameters of the system according to the monitoring data; and controlling the system operation according to the control instruction, so as to gradiently settle and deeply intercept the suspended matter in the river inflow. The application can realize gradient settlement and deep interception of the suspended matter in the river inflow, and improve water transparency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment management technology, and more specifically, to a method for improving the transparency of river water based on graded ecological regulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in agricultural non-point source pollution, the problem of decreased transparency due to elevated suspended solids in river water has become increasingly prominent, seriously affecting the health of aquatic ecosystems and landscape functions. Currently, improving river transparency mainly relies on technologies such as physical sedimentation, chemical flocculation, and single ecological restoration. Physical sedimentation technology achieves the settling of suspended solids by constructing sedimentation tanks to extend the hydraulic retention time, but it requires a large area and its treatment efficiency is significantly affected by fluctuations in inflow water. Chemical flocculation technology promotes the aggregation and sedimentation of suspended solids by adding chemicals, which is effective but can easily cause secondary pollution and has high operating costs. Single ecological restoration technologies, such as artificial wetlands or ecological floating islands, have limited effectiveness in removing fine suspended solids and have weak resistance to shock loads. In recent years, the concept of graded treatment has been gradually applied to the water treatment field, achieving the tiered removal of pollutants by combining different treatment processes. However, existing graded systems are mostly designed for sewage treatment plants or water supply treatment, and there is little research on graded ecological regulation and storage technologies for river inflow characteristics, and there is a lack of intelligent means for dynamic optimization and control based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids in inflow water.

[0003] Existing technologies for improving river transparency struggle to balance treatment efficiency, eco-friendliness, and operational economy; single treatment processes are poorly adaptable to fluctuations in river inflow and water quality, and cannot be specifically controlled based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids; there is a lack of systematic solutions that organically combine physical sedimentation, ecological filtration, and biological interception, making it difficult to achieve efficient tiered removal of suspended solids; existing ecological engineering operating parameters are fixed and cannot be dynamically optimized based on real-time monitoring data, resulting in unstable treatment effects and low efficiency in the utilization of ecological resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for improving the transparency of river water based on graded ecological regulation.

[0005] A method for improving river inflow transparency based on tiered ecological regulation includes: A multi-level ecological regulation and storage system is constructed, consisting of a pre-treatment reservoir, an ecological river channel, and a post-treatment reservoir. The pre-treatment reservoir is used for physical sedimentation of the river water, the ecological river channel is used for particulate matter filtration of the river water, and the post-treatment reservoir is used for biological filtration of the river water. Acquire monitoring data, including the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in river water; Based on the monitoring data, control instructions are generated to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system. According to the control command, the operation of the multi-level ecological regulation and storage system is controlled to use cascade sedimentation and deep interception of suspended solids in the river water.

[0006] Furthermore, the construction of the multi-level ecological regulation and storage system consisting of a pre-reservoir, an ecological river channel, and a post-reservoir includes: The pre-treatment reservoir is constructed upstream of the river channel. The pre-treatment reservoir adopts a stepped sedimentation structure, and the residence time of coarse suspended matter in the pre-treatment reservoir is extended through a hydraulic control module, so as to achieve efficient sedimentation of coarse suspended matter in the river water. The existing river channel downstream of the pre-treatment reservoir is ecologically transformed to construct the ecological river channel. The ecological river channel is configured with ecological slope protection and ecological ditches to increase the filtration effect of the river channel on suspended particulate matter. The post-reservoir is constructed at the river inlet into the lake. The post-reservoir is equipped with submerged plants and benthic organisms to form a biological filtration layer, thereby achieving deep interception of fine suspended matter in the river water.

[0007] Furthermore, the acquisition of monitoring data includes: Aerial photography of the river channel was conducted using multispectral drones to obtain spatial distribution image data of suspended matter in the river's water. The hydrological sensor network deployed in the pre-reservoir, the ecological river channel, and the post-reservoir collects real-time flow data and water quality parameter data of the river water, including suspended solids concentration. The spatial distribution image data is processed by image interpretation to extract the spatial distribution information of suspended solids concentration at different cross-sections of the river. Time series analysis was performed on the flow data and water quality parameter data to extract the temporal variation pattern of suspended solids concentration at different cross-sections of the river. The spatial distribution information of suspended solids concentration is spatiotemporally correlated and fused with the temporal variation pattern of suspended solids concentration to generate a dataset characterizing the spatiotemporal variation of suspended solids concentration in river water, which serves as the spatiotemporal distribution feature of suspended solids in river water.

[0008] Furthermore, the step of generating control instructions based on the monitoring data to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system includes: Based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids in river water, identify key river sections and key time periods where suspended solids concentrations exceed standards; Based on the key river sections and key time periods, determine the optimized spatial layout parameters of the pre-reservoir, the ecological river channel, and the post-reservoir; Based on the key time periods and the optimized spatial layout parameters, the operating time of the hydraulic control module of the pre-reservoir, the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river, and the water level control value of the post-reservoir are determined as optimized operating parameters. Based on the optimized spatial layout parameters and the optimized operating parameters, control commands are generated.

[0009] Furthermore, determining the operating time of the hydraulic control module of the pre-reservoir includes: Obtain real-time influent flow rate data and real-time influent suspended solids concentration data of the pretreatment tank; Based on the stepped settling structure parameters of the pre-treatment tank, a coarse particle suspended solids settling model is constructed. The coarse particle suspended solids settling model is used to characterize the relationship between the settling efficiency of suspended solids in the pre-treatment tank and the hydraulic residence time. Input the real-time influent flow rate data and the real-time influent suspended solids concentration data into the coarse particle suspended solids sedimentation model to calculate the hydraulic retention time required to meet the preset sedimentation efficiency target. Based on the key time periods and the calculated hydraulic residence time, a start-stop schedule for the hydraulic control module is generated to control the actual hydraulic residence time of the pre-reservoir to reach the calculated hydraulic residence time.

[0010] Furthermore, determining the inflow rate of the ecological ditch in the ecological river channel includes: The real-time inflow water quality parameters of the ecological river channel are obtained, including the concentration of suspended solids. Obtain the design hydraulic load parameters of the standard transmission vegetated swale of the ecological ditch; The concentration of suspended solids in the real-time incoming water quality parameters is compared with a preset suspended solids concentration threshold. When the suspended solids concentration in the real-time influent water quality parameters is greater than the preset suspended solids concentration threshold, an influent flow control threshold for the ecological ditch is generated based on the design hydraulic load parameters to control the flow rate entering the ecological ditch to not exceed the maximum flow rate corresponding to the design hydraulic load parameters. When the concentration of suspended solids in the real-time incoming water quality parameters is less than or equal to the preset suspended solids concentration threshold, a control command is generated to shut off the water intake of the ecological ditch.

[0011] Further, determining the water level control value of the downstream reservoir includes: The ecological water level requirement data of submerged plants and benthic organisms in the post-reservoir are obtained. The ecological water level requirement data of submerged plants includes the optimal water depth range for the growth of submerged plants, and the ecological water level requirement data of benthic organisms includes the optimal water depth range for the survival of benthic organisms. Obtain lake ecological water demand data in the area where the downstream reservoir is located. The lake ecological water demand data includes vegetation evapotranspiration, water surface evaporation, soil infiltration, and rainfall. Based on the optimal water depth range for the growth of the submerged plants, the optimal water depth range for the survival of the benthic organisms, and the lake's ecological water demand data, a water level-habitat response model is constructed. This model is used to simulate the changes in the suitable habitat area of ​​the submerged plants and benthic organisms in the reservoir under different water level conditions. The preset water level control range is input into the water level-habitat response model to simulate the suitable habitat area under different water level conditions; Based on the suitable habitat area obtained under different water level conditions from the simulation, the water level range with the largest suitable habitat area is identified; The water level range with the largest suitable habitat area is taken as the ecological water level control range of the downstream reservoir, and the corresponding water level control value is generated.

[0012] Furthermore, the step of generating control instructions based on the monitoring data to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system further includes: Acquire historical monitoring data, which includes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in historical river inflows and historical operating parameters; Based on the historical monitoring data, a suspended solids-operating parameter response model is constructed. The suspended solids-operating parameter response model is used to characterize the response relationship between the operating parameters of the multi-level ecological regulation and storage system and the removal efficiency of suspended solids in river water. Input the current monitoring data into the suspended matter-operating parameter response model to calculate the combination of operating parameters required to meet the preset removal efficiency target; Based on the combination of operating parameters, the optimized spatial layout parameters and the optimized operating parameters are modified to generate modified control commands.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of controlling the operation of the multi-stage ecological regulation and storage system according to the control command, to achieve cascade sedimentation and deep interception of suspended solids in the river water, includes: According to the control command, the hydraulic regulation module of the pre-treatment tank is started and stopped to adjust the hydraulic residence time of the pre-treatment tank and realize the stepwise sedimentation of coarse suspended matter. According to the control command, the inflow rate of the ecological ditch in the ecological river is controlled to regulate the amount of water entering the ecological ditch and achieve the filtration of suspended particulate matter. According to the control command, the water level of the post-reservoir is controlled to maintain the optimal growth depth for submerged plants and benthic organisms, thereby achieving deep interception of fine suspended matter by the biological filtration layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of generating control instructions based on the monitoring data to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system further includes: Real-time filter feeding activity data of benthic organisms in the post-containment tank is obtained. The real-time filter feeding activity data is collected by a high-frequency acoustic echo detection system or a bioimpedance sensor and is used to characterize the filtration rate and opening and closing behavior of the benthic organisms under the current water quality conditions. The real-time filter feed activity data is compared with a preset activity threshold. When the real-time filter feed activity data is lower than the activity threshold, it is determined that the biofiltration layer of the post-reservoir is in a state of functional inhibition. In response to determining that the biological filter layer is in a state of functional inhibition, real-time suspended solids particle size classification data of the pretreatment tank and the ecological river channel are obtained. The real-time suspended solids particle size classification data is obtained by an online laser particle size analyzer. Based on the real-time suspended particle size classification data, the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter that exceeds the particle size range of benthic filter feeders is identified. When the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter exceeds a preset threshold, a coordinated control instruction is generated. The coordinated control instruction includes: a first sub-instruction, used to control the hydraulic control module of the pre-treatment reservoir to extend the hydraulic residence time to a first target time, so as to increase the probability of aggregation and sedimentation of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter in the pre-treatment reservoir; a second sub-instruction, used to control the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river to decrease to a target low flow rate value, so as to increase the physical interception depth of the ecological ditch for non-biodegradable fine particulate matter; and a third sub-instruction, used to control the water level of the post-treatment reservoir to decrease to a target low water level, so as to shorten the filter feeding path of the benthic organisms and increase the filter feeding frequency per unit water volume. The coordinated regulation instruction is output as part of the control instruction.

[0015] Furthermore, the step of generating control instructions based on the monitoring data to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system further includes: Obtain future rainfall forecast data for the area where the target river channel is located, including forecast rainfall intensity and forecast rainfall duration; The future rainfall forecast data is input into a pre-constructed inflow suspended solids load prediction model to predict the peak concentration and peak arrival time of suspended solids in the river water within a future preset time window. The inflow suspended solids load prediction model is a spatiotemporal sequence prediction model trained based on historical rainfall events and historical spatiotemporal distribution characteristics data of suspended solids. Based on the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids and the peak arrival time, an advance control instruction is generated. The advance control instruction includes: a pre-adjustment instruction executed at a pre-adjustment time point before the peak arrival time, wherein the pre-adjustment instruction controls the hydraulic control module of the pre-treatment tank to gradually extend the hydraulic residence time to a second target time, so as to reserve additional settling capacity in the pre-treatment tank before the peak arrives; and an adaptive adjustment of the water level of the post-treatment tank according to the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids, wherein when the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids exceeds a high concentration threshold, the water level of the post-treatment tank is controlled to decrease to a pre-set low water level, so as to increase the dynamic storage capacity of the post-treatment tank. After the pre-adjustment time is reached by executing the advanced control command, the actual suspended solids concentration data of the river water is obtained; The actual suspended solids concentration data is compared with the predicted peak suspended solids concentration, and the prediction deviation is calculated. Based on the prediction deviation, the model parameters of the inflow suspended solids load prediction model are updated using an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected advance control command.

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention constructs a multi-stage ecological regulation and storage system consisting of a pre-treatment reservoir, an ecological river channel, and a post-treatment reservoir. This system achieves tiered treatment of suspended solids in river water. The pre-treatment reservoir extends the retention time of coarse suspended solids through a stepped sedimentation structure and hydraulic control module. The ecological river channel enhances the filtration effect of suspended solids through ecological slope protection and ecological ditches. The post-treatment reservoir forms a biological filtration layer with submerged plants and benthic organisms to deeply intercept fine suspended solids. This solves the problems of incomplete removal of suspended solids and low treatment efficiency of existing single treatment processes, and significantly improves the transparency of river water.

[0017] 2. This invention acquires the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids in river water through multispectral UAV aerial photography and hydrological sensor networks, and generates control commands to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of a multi-level ecological storage system. This enables targeted regulation based on key river sections and time periods with excessive suspended solids concentrations. The operating time of the hydraulic regulation module in the pre-reservoir, the inflow rate of the ecological ditch, and the water level in the post-reservoir can all be dynamically adjusted. This solves the problems of existing technologies that cannot perform real-time optimization and regulation based on inflow characteristics and have poor system adaptability, thus improving the operational stability and treatment efficiency of the ecological storage system.

[0018] 3. This invention constructs a suspended solids-operating parameter response model, combines historical monitoring data to correct the optimized spatial layout parameters and optimized operating parameters, and determines the ecological water level regulation range of the post-reservoir based on the water level-habitat response model. While meeting the suspended solids removal efficiency target, it also takes into account the optimal water depth requirements for the growth of submerged plants and benthic organisms. This solves the problems of fixed operating parameters, low ecological resource utilization efficiency, and difficulty in achieving the dual goals of water purification and ecological restoration in existing ecological engineering projects, and realizes the synergistic optimization of improved river transparency and ecosystem health. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings by way of example, not limitation, in which: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for improving the transparency of river water based on graded ecological regulation, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The principles and spirit of the invention will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0021] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0022] It should be noted that the number of any elements in the accompanying drawings is for illustrative purposes only and not as a limitation, and any naming is for distinction only and has no limiting meaning.

[0023] The following is for reference. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for improving river water transparency based on tiered ecological regulation, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a method for improving the transparency of river inflow based on graded ecological regulation includes: S1. Construct a multi-level ecological regulation and storage system consisting of a pre-reservoir, an ecological river channel, and a post-reservoir, wherein the pre-reservoir is used for physical sedimentation of the river water, the ecological river channel is used for particulate matter filtration of the river water, and the post-reservoir is used for biological filtration of the river water. A multi-stage ecological regulation and storage system is used to treat river water in stages. Specifically, the pre-reservoir refers to a water storage area with a certain volume formed in the upper reaches of the river by utilizing existing terrain or through artificial excavation. Its function is to physically settle the river water, allowing coarse suspended particles to settle naturally under gravity by reducing the water flow velocity.

[0024] An ecological river channel refers to a section of the river downstream of the pre-reservoir that has been transformed into an ecologically purified river channel. Its function is to filter out particulate matter from the river water and enhance the river channel’s ability to intercept suspended particulate matter through structures such as ecological slope protection and ecological ditches.

[0025] A post-reservoir refers to an ecological purification unit formed at the river's inlet, utilizing existing water areas or through artificial modification. Its function is to biologically filter river water, achieving deep interception of fine suspended solids through the synergistic action of submerged plants and benthic organisms. Through this three-stage synergistic effect, the suspended solids in the river water are settled in stages and deeply intercepted.

[0026] S2. Acquire monitoring data, including the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in river water; The monitoring data includes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in the river water, which serves as the basis for subsequent intelligent regulation. This can be achieved through multi-source sensing technology in this application.

[0027] S21. Aerial photography of the river channel is conducted using a multispectral drone to obtain spatial distribution image data of suspended matter in the river water. Specifically, a multispectral UAV, equipped with a multispectral camera, flies along a preset route to capture images of the entire river channel, including multiple wavelengths such as blue, green, red, red-edge, and near-infrared. These wavelengths are sensitive to the concentration of suspended solids in the water, and subsequent analysis can reveal the spatial distribution information of these suspended solids. During implementation, the multispectral UAV's flight altitude is set to 100 to 200 meters, the forward overlap is set to 80%, and the lateral overlap is set to 60% to ensure that the acquired images have sufficient spatial resolution and coverage.

[0028] S22. By deploying a hydrological sensor network in the pre-reservoir, the ecological river channel, and the post-reservoir, the flow rate data and water quality parameter data of the river water are collected in real time, including the concentration of suspended solids. Furthermore, the hydrological sensing network includes devices such as flow sensors, turbidity sensors, and multi-parameter water quality analyzers. These devices are installed at the inlet and outlet of each level of the water storage unit to continuously collect data at a set sampling frequency, such as once every 5 minutes. The water quality parameter data includes at least suspended solids concentration, and may also include auxiliary parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, and temperature.

[0029] S23. Perform image interpretation processing on the spatial distribution image data to extract the spatial distribution information of suspended matter concentration at different cross-sections of the river. During implementation, image processing software is used to perform radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction on UAV imagery, converting the raw image data into surface reflectance data. Based on a pre-established suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration retrieval model, the surface reflectance data is converted into SPM concentration values. The retrieval model is established through the statistical regression relationship between SPM concentration measured from water samples collected simultaneously on-site and the corresponding image reflectance; specifically, it can be constructed using multiple linear regression or machine learning methods. The retrieved SPM concentration values ​​are then overlaid onto the river's geographic space to generate a spatial distribution map of SPM concentration along the river, thereby extracting spatial distribution information of SPM concentration at different cross-sections of the river.

[0030] S24. Perform time series analysis on the flow data and water quality parameter data to extract the time variation pattern of suspended solids concentration at different cross-sections of the river. During implementation, the flow data and suspended solids concentration data collected by the hydrological sensor network are organized according to time series. Time series analysis methods, such as moving average, autocorrelation analysis, and seasonal decomposition, are used to identify the daily, weekly, and seasonal variations in suspended solids concentration. For example, analysis can identify patterns of significant increases in suspended solids concentration during the rainy season, or peak values ​​in suspended solids concentration during specific periods, such as the receding period of farmland irrigation.

[0031] S25. The spatial distribution information of suspended solids concentration is spatiotemporally correlated and fused with the temporal variation law of suspended solids concentration to generate a dataset characterizing the spatiotemporal variation of suspended solids concentration in river water, which serves as the spatiotemporal distribution feature of suspended solids in river water. During implementation, a geographic information system (GIS) platform was used to attach the temporal variation pattern as a time dimension attribute to the spatial distribution information, forming a three-dimensional (longitude, latitude, and time) spatiotemporal cube of suspended matter concentration. This dataset comprehensively reflects the suspended matter concentration at different locations in the river channel at different times, providing precise input for subsequent optimization control.

[0032] S3. Based on the monitoring data, generate control instructions for optimizing the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system; through data processing and model calculation, transform the monitoring data into executable control instructions. Specifically: S31. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids in river water, identify key river sections and key time periods where suspended solids concentrations exceed standards; By comparing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids concentration with preset water quality standard thresholds, spatial locations and time points where suspended solids concentrations exceed the thresholds are identified. Cluster analysis is then performed on these locations and time points to identify river sections with persistent or frequent exceedances—i.e., key river sections—and time periods—i.e., key time periods. For example, if a river section's suspended solids concentration exceeds the standard for several consecutive days, that river section is marked as a key river section; if suspended solids concentrations are generally high in a certain month, that month is marked as a key time period.

[0033] S32. Determine the optimized spatial layout parameters of the pre-reservoir, the ecological river channel, and the post-reservoir based on the key river sections and key time periods; During implementation, based on the identified key river sections, an assessment is conducted to determine whether the existing spatial layout of pre-reservoir, ecological waterway, and post-reservoir can effectively cover these areas exceeding the standards. If the existing layout has insufficient coverage, adjustment suggestions are generated, such as extending the location of the pre-reservoir upstream of the key river section, increasing the treatment length of the ecological waterway, or adding a post-reservoir near the key river section. These adjusted parameters, such as location, length, and area, constitute the optimized spatial layout parameters.

[0034] S33. Based on the key time periods and the optimized spatial layout parameters, determine the operating time of the hydraulic control module of the pre-reservoir, the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river, and the water level control value of the post-reservoir as optimized operating parameters.

[0035] Furthermore, determining the operating time of the hydraulic control module of the pre-reservoir includes: Obtain real-time influent flow rate data and real-time influent suspended solids concentration data of the pretreatment tank; When determining the operating time of the pre-flush reservoir hydraulic control module, real-time data acquisition is the first step. During implementation, this data is collected in real-time by flow meters and turbidity meters installed at the pre-flush reservoir inlet and uploaded to the control center.

[0036] Based on the stepped settling structure parameters of the pre-treatment tank, a coarse particle suspended solids settling model is constructed. The coarse particle suspended solids settling model is used to characterize the relationship between the settling efficiency of suspended solids in the pre-treatment tank and the hydraulic residence time. The stepped settling structure of the pre-treatment tank refers to the arrangement of multiple settling platforms at different elevations along the water flow direction within the tank. As the water flows through each platform, the flow velocity decreases progressively, thus achieving graded settling of suspended solids of different sizes. In implementation, a model is constructed based on Stokes' law of settling. This model considers parameters such as the particle size distribution, density, water temperature, viscosity, and the settling area and depth of the pre-treatment tank. The basic form of the model is as follows: E = 1 - exp(-k·t), where E is the settling efficiency, t is the hydraulic residence time in hours, and k is the settling coefficient in hours, which is determined by the particle size distribution and the settling area.

[0037] Input the real-time influent flow rate data and the real-time influent suspended solids concentration data into the coarse particle suspended solids sedimentation model to calculate the hydraulic retention time required to meet the preset sedimentation efficiency target. During implementation, the preset sedimentation efficiency target can be set according to water quality requirements, for example, 80%. Real-time data is substituted into the model, and the hydraulic residence time required to achieve this sedimentation efficiency is derived by solving the equations.

[0038] Based on the key time periods and the calculated hydraulic residence time, a start-up and shutdown schedule for the hydraulic control module is generated to control the actual hydraulic residence time of the pre-reservoir to reach the calculated hydraulic residence time. In implementation, the hydraulic control module can be either the inlet or outlet gate of the pre-treatment reservoir. By controlling the opening and closing of the gates, the actual residence time of the water in the pre-treatment reservoir can be adjusted. The start-stop schedule specifies the exact times when the gates are opened and closed during key periods to ensure that the actual hydraulic residence time reaches the calculated value. For example, if the calculated hydraulic residence time is 4 hours, and the inflow rate is Q and the effective volume of the pre-treatment reservoir is V, then the gate opening time must ensure that V / Q ≥ 4 hours. Simultaneously, considering the characteristics of key periods, the outlet gate should be closed preferentially during periods of high suspended solids concentration to extend the water residence time.

[0039] Further, determining the inflow rate of the ecological ditches in the ecological river channel includes: The real-time inflow water quality parameters of the ecological river channel are obtained, including the concentration of suspended solids. When determining the inflow rate of ecological ditches in ecological waterways, it is first necessary to obtain real-time water quality data. In practice, this is achieved by using online water quality monitoring instruments deployed at the upstream inlet of the ecological waterway to collect suspended solids concentration data in real time.

[0040] Obtain the design hydraulic load parameters of the standard transmission vegetated swale of the ecological ditch; In implementation, the standard vegetated swale is a commonly used ecological ditch structure. Its cross-section is typically trapezoidal or parabolic, with the bottom paved with gravel or pebbles, and the walls and bottom planted with herbaceous plants. Water flows slowly through the swale, removing suspended solids through the interception and adsorption of plant roots and filler material. Its design hydraulic load parameters include the maximum allowable hydraulic load, usually expressed in cubic meters per square meter per day, and the design water depth. These parameters are predetermined in the engineering design and can be found in the design documents.

[0041] The concentration of suspended solids in the real-time incoming water quality parameters is compared with a preset suspended solids concentration threshold. The preset suspended solids concentration threshold is set in advance based on the optimal treatment efficiency of the ecological ditch and the water quality requirements of the subsequent water body, for example, it can be set to 50 mg / L.

[0042] When the suspended solids concentration in the real-time influent water quality parameters is greater than the preset suspended solids concentration threshold, an influent flow control threshold for the ecological ditch is generated based on the design hydraulic load parameters to control the flow rate entering the ecological ditch to not exceed the maximum flow rate corresponding to the design hydraulic load parameters. Specifically, the formula for calculating the influent flow control threshold is as follows: ,in This refers to the influent flow rate control threshold, expressed in cubic meters per second. The hydraulic load parameters are for design purposes, and the unit is cubic meters per square meter per day. The effective area of ​​the ecological ditch is measured in square meters. During implementation, the actual inflow rate is controlled below a threshold by adjusting the opening of the inlet valve to ensure stable operation and efficient filtration of the ecological ditch.

[0043] When the concentration of suspended solids in the real-time influent water quality parameters is less than or equal to the preset suspended solids concentration threshold, a control command is generated to shut off the inflow of water into the ecological ditch. During implementation, if the incoming water quality is good and there is no need to enter the ecological ditch for treatment, a shutdown command will be generated, allowing the water to flow directly along the main river channel, thus avoiding the ineffective operation and energy consumption of the ecological ditch.

[0044] Further, determining the water level control value of the downstream reservoir includes: The ecological water level requirement data of submerged plants and benthic organisms in the post-reservoir are obtained. The ecological water level requirement data of submerged plants includes the optimal water depth range for the growth of submerged plants, and the ecological water level requirement data of benthic organisms includes the optimal water depth range for the survival of benthic organisms. A post-reservoir is an ecological purification unit created at the mouth of a river or lake using existing water areas or through artificial modification. It contains a biofiltration layer composed of submerged plants and benthic organisms. Submerged plants are higher aquatic plants completely submerged in water, such as *Ottelia acuminata* and *Vallisneria natans*. They absorb nutrients from the water, fix suspended solids, and provide a substrate for microorganisms. Benthic organisms are animals living at the bottom of the water, such as *Odontoceras cucumeroides* and *Pteranodon spp.* They filter-feed, absorbing suspended particles from the water, thus purifying the water. When determining the water level control value for the post-reservoir, it is first necessary to obtain ecological water level requirements data, which can be obtained through literature review and field experiments. For example, the optimal water depth for submerged plants like *Ottelia acuminata* is 1-3 meters, and for *Vallisneria natans* it is 0.5-2 meters; the optimal water depth for benthic organisms like *Odontoceras cucumeroides* is 0.5-1.5 meters.

[0045] Obtain lake ecological water demand data in the area where the downstream reservoir is located. The lake ecological water demand data includes vegetation evapotranspiration, water surface evaporation, soil infiltration, and rainfall. During implementation, these data can be obtained through meteorological station observations, hydrological station monitoring, and remote sensing inversion. Vegetation evapotranspiration can be calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula combined with the vegetation coefficient; water surface evaporation is measured using evaporators; soil infiltration is calculated based on soil texture and permeability coefficient; and rainfall is measured using rain gauges. These data are used to calculate the overall ecological water demand of the lake, ensuring that the subsequent reservoir water level regulation will not affect the lake's ecological balance.

[0046] Based on the optimal water depth range for the growth of the submerged plants, the optimal water depth range for the survival of the benthic organisms, and the lake's ecological water demand data, a water level-habitat response model is constructed. This model is used to simulate the changes in the suitable habitat area of ​​the submerged plants and benthic organisms in the reservoir under different water level conditions. In implementation, the model is built based on a digital elevation model (DEM) and underwater topographic data. The model divides the post-repository into several grid cells, each 1 meter × 1 meter in size, or determined according to actual accuracy requirements. For each grid cell, the water depth data H, in meters, is input. Then, the optimal water depth range for submerged plants is considered. To determine whether a unit is suitable for the growth of submerged plants, the optimal water depth range for benthic organisms should be considered. Determine whether the unit is suitable for benthic organisms. By statistically analyzing the suitability of each grid unit under different water level conditions, obtain the response curve of suitable habitat area as a function of water level. This model can be constructed using hydrodynamic and water quality modeling software such as EFDC and Delft3D's aquatic ecology module, or it can be developed independently using Python or R.

[0047] The preset water level control range is input into the water level-habitat response model to simulate the suitable habitat area under different water level conditions; The preset water level control range can be determined based on engineering design parameters. For example, simulations can be conducted between the lowest ecological water level and the highest control water level, with a step size of 0.1 meters, to obtain the suitable area for submerged plants and benthic organisms at each water level. The weighted sum of these two areas is then taken as the comprehensive suitable habitat area. ,in and This is a weighting coefficient, which can be set according to the importance of the protected target.

[0048] Based on the suitable habitat area obtained under different water level conditions from the simulation, the water level range with the largest suitable habitat area is identified; During implementation, a water level-suitable habitat area curve is plotted, and the water level corresponding to the peak point on the curve is identified. If there is a flat area at the peak point, that area is taken as the water level range with the largest suitable habitat area.

[0049] The water level range with the largest suitable habitat area is taken as the ecological water level control range of the downstream reservoir, and the corresponding water level control value is generated. In practice, the water level control value can be either the midpoint or the lower limit of the range, depending on actual management needs. This water level control value will be written into control commands to control the opening and closing of the downstream reservoir's outlet gate, thereby maintaining the downstream reservoir's water level within the target range.

[0050] S34. Based on the optimized spatial layout parameters and the optimized operating parameters, generate control commands; During implementation, control commands are encoded into a computer-readable instruction set, including start / stop commands for the pre-reservoir hydraulic control module, opening commands for the inlet valves of the ecological ditch, and adjustment commands for the outlet gates of the post-reservoir. These commands are transmitted to the corresponding execution devices via a network.

[0051] S341. Obtain historical monitoring data, which includes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in historical river inflow and historical operating parameters; In another embodiment of this application, historical data can also be used to optimize control commands. In practice, the historical data comes from UAV imagery, hydrological sensor network data, and operational records of various levels of water storage units stored during previous operations.

[0052] S342. Based on the historical monitoring data, construct a suspended solids-operating parameter response model, which is used to characterize the response relationship between the operating parameters of the multi-level ecological regulation and storage system and the removal efficiency of suspended solids in river water. In implementation, the model can be constructed using machine learning methods, such as random forests, support vector machines, or neural network algorithms. Historical operating parameters, such as the hydraulic retention time t1 of the pre-reservoir, the inflow rate Q2 of the ecological ditch, and the water level W of the post-reservoir, are used as input features, and the suspended solids removal efficiency R is used as the output label to train the predictive model. The removal efficiency can be calculated by monitoring the difference in suspended solids concentration between the inlet and outlet. ,in The concentration of suspended solids at the inlet water is expressed in milligrams per liter. The concentration of suspended solids at the outlet is expressed in milligrams per liter.

[0053] S343. Input the current monitoring data into the suspended matter-operating parameter response model to calculate the combination of operating parameters required to meet the preset removal efficiency target; During implementation, the current monitoring data includes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids in the current river inflow. This data is used as the model input, and the model output is the combination of operating parameters required to achieve a preset removal efficiency, such as 85%, including the hydraulic retention time t1 of the pre-treatment reservoir, the inflow rate Q2 of the ecological ditch, and the water level W of the post-treatment reservoir.

[0054] S344. Based on the combination of operating parameters, the optimized spatial layout parameters and the optimized operating parameters are modified to generate modified control commands; During implementation, the calculated combination of operating parameters is compared with the calculated optimized operating parameters. If discrepancies exist, the optimized operating parameters are corrected using the combination calculated by the model. Simultaneously, if the existing spatial layout is found to be unable to meet the operating parameter requirements calculated by the model, the spatial layout parameters are further modified and optimized. Finally, control commands are generated based on the corrected parameters to improve control accuracy and adaptability.

[0055] S345. Based on the monitoring data, generate control instructions for optimizing the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system, including multi-level coordinated regulation based on benthic organism activity feedback: Real-time filter feeding activity data of benthic organisms in the post-containment tank is obtained. The real-time filter feeding activity data is collected by a high-frequency acoustic echo detection system or a bioimpedance sensor and is used to characterize the filtration rate and opening and closing behavior of the benthic organisms under the current water quality conditions. In practice, a high-frequency acoustic echo detection system is installed at the bottom or side wall of the rear storage tank. It emits high-frequency sound waves at set time intervals, such as once per minute, with a frequency of 1-5 MHz. It receives echo signals from the shells or soft tissues of benthic organisms (such as the toothless mussel and the round pearl mussel). By analyzing the echo intensity, Doppler shift, and signal envelope characteristics, the opening and closing angle, opening and closing frequency, and filtration rate of the clam are retrieved. A bioimpedance sensor, consisting of a pair of microelectrodes attached to the shell of the benthic organism, measures the changes in bioelectrical signals generated by its active opening and closing movements, thereby determining its filter-feeding activity. The collected raw data is amplified, filtered, and feature-extracted, outputting a real-time filter-feeding activity index A(t), with a value range of 0-100, where 100 represents a fully active state and 0 represents a completely closed state with no filter-feeding behavior.

[0056] The real-time filter feed activity data is compared with a preset activity threshold. When the real-time filter feed activity data is lower than the activity threshold, it is determined that the biofiltration layer of the post-reservoir is in a state of functional inhibition. For example, the preset activity threshold can be set to 40. If A(t) < 40 for three consecutive monitoring periods, the system determines that the function of the biofiltration layer in the post-filter is inhibited. Functional inhibition may be caused by low temperature, low dissolved oxygen, toxic substance impact, or excessive suspended solids load.

[0057] In response to determining that the biological filter layer is in a state of functional inhibition, real-time suspended solids particle size classification data of the pretreatment tank and the ecological river channel are obtained. The real-time suspended solids particle size classification data is obtained by an online laser particle size analyzer. During implementation, an online laser particle size analyzer (such as Malvern Insitec or similar products) is installed at the outlet of the pre-treatment tank and the outlet of the ecological river. The sampling interval is set to 5 minutes, and the particle size and volume distribution of suspended solids are output in real time (for example, divided into particle sizes such as <2μm, 2~20μm, 20~200μm, and >200μm).

[0058] Based on the real-time suspended particle size classification data, the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter that exceeds the particle size range of benthic filter feeders is identified. The effective filter-feeding particle size range for benthic organisms is typically 2–20 μm (depending on species and gill structure). Particles <2 μm and >20 μm in particle size analyzer data are defined as particles outside the filter-feeding particle size range, and their proportion in the total suspended matter volume or mass is calculated. Furthermore, by combining historical experimental data or built-in particle type identification models, such as through organic carbon / inorganic carbon ratios or spectral characteristics, the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter (such as clay minerals, microplastics, and silt) can be separated.

[0059] When the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter exceeds a preset threshold, a coordinated control instruction is generated. The coordinated control instruction includes: a first sub-instruction, used to control the hydraulic control module of the pre-treatment reservoir to extend the hydraulic residence time to a first target time, so as to increase the probability of aggregation and sedimentation of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter in the pre-treatment reservoir; a second sub-instruction, used to control the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river to decrease to a target low flow rate value, so as to increase the physical interception depth of the ecological ditch for non-biodegradable fine particulate matter; and a third sub-instruction, used to control the water level of the post-treatment reservoir to decrease to a target low water level, so as to shorten the filter feeding path of the benthic organisms and increase the filter feeding frequency per unit water volume. The preset percentage threshold can be set to 30%. When the percentage of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter exceeds 30%, it means that a large amount of fine non-biodegradable particulate matter has entered the post-treatment tank, exceeding the filter-feeding capacity of benthic organisms and causing their activity inhibition. At this time, the system no longer forces the post-treatment tank to independently undertake the purification task, but instead initiates cascade redistribution.

[0060] Specifically, the first sub-instruction extends the hydraulic retention time in the pre-treatment tank from the normal value (e.g., 2 hours) to the first target time (e.g., 6-8 hours). This extended settling time promotes collision, flocculation, and aggregation of fine particles, forming larger flocs that partially settle before reaching the post-treatment tank. The second sub-instruction reduces the inflow rate of the ecological ditch from the design flow rate to the target low flow rate (e.g., 40% of the maximum design flow rate). This extends the water's residence time in the vegetated swale, increasing the probability of fine particles being intercepted by plant roots and filler. The third sub-instruction lowers the water level in the post-treatment tank from the normal ecological water level (e.g., 1.5 meters) to the target low water level (e.g., 0.8 meters). This shortens the filter-feeding path of benthic organisms (e.g., mussels) from the bottom to the surface, while reducing the total amount of particles per unit water column and increasing the frequency of filter feeding per unit water volume. These three sub-instructions are executed in parallel or in a preset priority order.

[0061] The coordinated regulation instruction is output as part of the control instruction.

[0062] S346. In another embodiment of this application, the step of generating control instructions for optimizing the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system based on the monitoring data further includes advanced adaptive regulation based on rainfall forecasts: Obtain future rainfall forecast data for the area where the target river channel is located, including forecast rainfall intensity and forecast rainfall duration; During implementation, the system accesses numerical weather prediction products (such as ECMWF, GFS, or the meteorological bureau's CMA-GD model) in real time via a network interface, extracting hourly rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall duration for the next 24–72 hours for the grid containing the target river channel. To improve reliability, multi-source forecasts can be accessed simultaneously and fused using ensemble averaging or Bayesian model averaging methods.

[0063] The future rainfall forecast data is input into a pre-constructed inflow suspended solids load prediction model to predict the peak concentration and peak arrival time of suspended solids in the river water within a future preset time window. The inflow suspended solids load prediction model is a spatiotemporal sequence prediction model trained based on historical rainfall events and historical spatiotemporal distribution characteristics data of suspended solids. The model can employ either a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network or a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) structure. Training data includes: time series of rainfall intensity, cumulative rainfall, number of preceding drought days, land use type (e.g., farmland / construction land ratio) for each rainfall event over the past 3-5 years, and spatiotemporal changes in suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration at various river sections after the corresponding rainfall events. The model outputs hourly SPM concentration predictions for the next 48 hours, extracting the peak concentration and peak arrival time (hours relative to the current time). For example, the model predicts that the SPM concentration will rise sharply from 50 mg / L to 280 mg / L in 12 hours, with the peak occurring at the 14th hour.

[0064] Based on the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids and the peak arrival time, an advance control instruction is generated. The advance control instruction includes: a pre-adjustment instruction executed at a pre-adjustment time point before the peak arrival time, wherein the pre-adjustment instruction controls the hydraulic control module of the pre-treatment tank to gradually extend the hydraulic residence time to a second target time, so as to reserve additional settling capacity in the pre-treatment tank before the peak arrives; and an adaptive adjustment of the water level of the post-treatment tank according to the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids, wherein when the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids exceeds a high concentration threshold, the water level of the post-treatment tank is controlled to decrease to a pre-set low water level, so as to increase the dynamic storage capacity of the post-treatment tank. The pre-regulation time point is set as Tpeak - ΔT, where Tpeak is the peak arrival time and ΔT is the system response time, typically 2-4 hours. At this time point, the system begins to implement proactive regulation. The second target time can be a stepped increasing value, for example: extending the hydraulic retention time to 4 hours at Tpeak–4h, to 6 hours at Tpeak–2h, and to 8 hours at Tpeak. This gradually extending strategy can avoid a surge in river level caused by sudden gate closure. Simultaneously, the water level in the downstream reservoir is adaptively adjusted based on the predicted peak concentration Cpeak: if Cpeak exceeds the high concentration threshold (e.g., 200 mg / L), the downstream reservoir's outlet gate is opened earlier, lowering the reservoir water level from the normal ecological level (e.g., 1.5 meters) to the preparatory low level (e.g., 0.5 meters), thereby freeing up additional storage capacity (i.e., the reservoir capacity below the surface to the normal water level) to accommodate more water and provide a longer hydraulic retention time when high concentrations of suspended solids arrive.

[0065] After the pre-adjustment time is reached by executing the advanced control command, the actual suspended solids concentration data of the river water is obtained; During implementation, at key sections of the hydrological sensor network (such as the inlet of the pre-reservoir and the entrance of the ecological river channel), actual suspended solids concentration data will continue to be collected at high frequency (such as every 5 minutes).

[0066] The actual suspended solids concentration data is compared with the predicted peak suspended solids concentration, and the prediction deviation is calculated. Prediction deviation can be expressed as relative error: δ = (Cactual - Cpredicted) / Cpredicted, Where Cpredicted is the model's predicted value at the corresponding time point, and Cactual is the measured value. For example, if the model predicts the concentration at 14 hours to be 280 mg / L, and the actual measured concentration at 14 hours is 320 mg / L, then δ = +14.3%.

[0067] Based on the prediction deviation, the model parameters of the inflow suspended solids load prediction model are updated using an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected advance control command. Kalman filtering is a recursive state estimation algorithm that treats the internal state of the prediction model (such as the hidden layer weights of an LSTM network or the state vector of a linear system) as the quantity to be estimated, and the prediction bias as innovation. The model state is then corrected online using the Kalman gain matrix K. The corrected model recalculates the predicted suspended solids concentration within the remaining time window and dynamically adjusts parameters such as the second target time and the prepared low water level based on the new predictions, generating corrected advance control instructions, such as further extending the hydraulic retention time of the pre-reservoir or further lowering the water level of the post-reservoir. The corrected instructions replace the original instructions and are executed by the execution module.

[0068] S4. According to the control command, control the operation of the multi-stage ecological water storage system to achieve cascade sedimentation and deep interception of suspended solids in the river water. Specifically: S41. According to the control command, control the start and stop of the hydraulic regulation module of the pre-treatment tank to adjust the hydraulic residence time of the pre-treatment tank and realize the step-by-step sedimentation of coarse suspended matter. After generating control commands, specific control operations are executed. Specifically, when the control command requires extending the hydraulic residence time, the outlet gate of the pre-treatment tank is closed or its opening is reduced, allowing the water to flow slowly in the pre-treatment tank, and coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom of the tank under gravity. When the control command requires restoring normal operation, the outlet gate is opened, allowing water to flow downstream. Through periodic or dynamic regulation, efficient settling of coarse suspended particles is achieved.

[0069] S42. According to the control command, control the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river to adjust the amount of water entering the ecological ditch and achieve the filtration of suspended particulate matter. When the control command instructs the activation of the ecological ditch, the inlet valve is opened, allowing some or all of the water flow into the ditch. Within the ecological ditch, the water flows through vegetated swales, where the plant roots and soil media intercept, absorb, and filter suspended particulate matter. When the control command instructs the closure of the ecological ditch, the inlet valve is closed, allowing the water to flow along the main channel.

[0070] S43. According to the control command, control the water level of the post-reservoir to maintain the optimal growth water depth for submerged plants and benthic organisms, and realize the deep interception of fine suspended matter by the biological filter layer. When control commands require maintaining a specific water level, the water level in the reservoir is controlled by adjusting the opening of the outlet gate of the downstream reservoir. Under suitable water level conditions, submerged plants and benthic organisms, such as mussels and snails, can grow and move normally, effectively removing fine suspended solids from the water through plant adsorption and biological filter feeding, thus achieving deep purification.

[0071] Furthermore, the storage medium in the embodiments of this application stores program instructions capable of implementing all the above methods. These program instructions can be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks, or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.

[0072] The above description is merely an explanation of some preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention as described in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the transparency of river inflow based on graded ecological regulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A multi-level ecological regulation and storage system is constructed, consisting of a pre-treatment reservoir, an ecological river channel, and a post-treatment reservoir. The pre-treatment reservoir is used for physical sedimentation of the river water, the ecological river channel is used for particulate matter filtration of the river water, and the post-treatment reservoir is used for biological filtration of the river water. Acquire monitoring data, including the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in river water; Based on the monitoring data, control instructions are generated to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system. According to the control command, the operation of the multi-level ecological regulation and storage system is controlled to use cascade sedimentation and deep interception of suspended solids in the river water.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of a multi-level ecological regulation and storage system consisting of a pre-reservoir, an ecological river channel, and a post-reservoir includes: The pre-treatment reservoir is constructed upstream of the river channel. The pre-treatment reservoir adopts a stepped sedimentation structure, and the residence time of coarse suspended matter in the pre-treatment reservoir is extended through a hydraulic control module, so as to achieve efficient sedimentation of coarse suspended matter in the river water. The existing river channel downstream of the pre-treatment reservoir is ecologically transformed to construct the ecological river channel. The ecological river channel is configured with ecological slope protection and ecological ditches to increase the filtration effect of the river channel on suspended particulate matter. The post-reservoir is constructed at the river inlet into the lake. The post-reservoir is equipped with submerged plants and benthic organisms to form a biological filtration layer, thereby achieving deep interception of fine suspended matter in the river water.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of monitoring data includes: Aerial photography of the river channel was conducted using multispectral drones to obtain spatial distribution image data of suspended matter in the river's water. The hydrological sensor network deployed in the pre-reservoir, the ecological river channel, and the post-reservoir collects real-time flow data and water quality parameter data of the river water, including suspended solids concentration. The spatial distribution image data is processed by image interpretation to extract the spatial distribution information of suspended solids concentration at different cross-sections of the river. Time series analysis was performed on the flow data and water quality parameter data to extract the temporal variation pattern of suspended solids concentration at different cross-sections of the river. The spatial distribution information of suspended solids concentration is spatiotemporally correlated and fused with the temporal variation pattern of suspended solids concentration to generate a dataset characterizing the spatiotemporal variation of suspended solids concentration in river water, which serves as the spatiotemporal distribution feature of suspended solids in river water.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating control instructions based on the monitoring data to optimize the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system includes: Based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended solids in river water, identify key river sections and key time periods where suspended solids concentrations exceed standards; Based on the key river sections and key time periods, determine the optimized spatial layout parameters of the pre-reservoir, the ecological river channel, and the post-reservoir; Based on the key time periods and the optimized spatial layout parameters, the operating time of the hydraulic control module of the pre-reservoir, the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river, and the water level control value of the post-reservoir are determined as optimized operating parameters. Based on the optimized spatial layout parameters and the optimized operating parameters, control commands are generated.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the operating time of the hydraulic control module of the pre-reservoir includes: Obtain real-time influent flow rate data and real-time influent suspended solids concentration data of the pretreatment tank; Based on the stepped settling structure parameters of the pre-treatment tank, a coarse particle suspended solids settling model is constructed. The coarse particle suspended solids settling model is used to characterize the relationship between the settling efficiency of suspended solids in the pre-treatment tank and the hydraulic residence time. Input the real-time influent flow rate data and the real-time influent suspended solids concentration data into the coarse particle suspended solids sedimentation model to calculate the hydraulic retention time required to meet the preset sedimentation efficiency target. Based on the key time periods and the calculated hydraulic residence time, a start-stop schedule for the hydraulic control module is generated to control the actual hydraulic residence time of the pre-reservoir to reach the calculated hydraulic residence time.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the inflow rate of the ecological ditches in the ecological river channel includes: The real-time inflow water quality parameters of the ecological river channel are obtained, including the concentration of suspended solids. Obtain the design hydraulic load parameters of the standard transmission vegetated swale of the ecological ditch; The concentration of suspended solids in the real-time incoming water quality parameters is compared with a preset suspended solids concentration threshold. When the suspended solids concentration in the real-time influent water quality parameters is greater than the preset suspended solids concentration threshold, an influent flow control threshold for the ecological ditch is generated based on the design hydraulic load parameters to control the flow rate entering the ecological ditch to not exceed the maximum flow rate corresponding to the design hydraulic load parameters. When the concentration of suspended solids in the real-time incoming water quality parameters is less than or equal to the preset suspended solids concentration threshold, a control command is generated to shut off the water intake of the ecological ditch.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the water level control value of the downstream reservoir includes: The ecological water level requirement data of submerged plants and benthic organisms in the post-reservoir are obtained. The ecological water level requirement data of submerged plants includes the optimal water depth range for the growth of submerged plants, and the ecological water level requirement data of benthic organisms includes the optimal water depth range for the survival of benthic organisms. Obtain lake ecological water demand data in the area where the downstream reservoir is located. The lake ecological water demand data includes vegetation evapotranspiration, water surface evaporation, soil infiltration, and rainfall. Based on the optimal water depth range for the growth of the submerged plants, the optimal water depth range for the survival of the benthic organisms, and the lake's ecological water demand data, a water level-habitat response model is constructed. This model is used to simulate the changes in the suitable habitat area of ​​the submerged plants and benthic organisms in the reservoir under different water level conditions. The preset water level control range is input into the water level-habitat response model to simulate the suitable habitat area under different water level conditions; Based on the suitable habitat area obtained under different water level conditions from the simulation, the water level range with the largest suitable habitat area is identified; The water level range with the largest suitable habitat area is taken as the ecological water level control range of the downstream reservoir, and the corresponding water level control value is generated.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating control instructions for optimizing the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system based on the monitoring data further includes: Acquire historical monitoring data, which includes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of suspended matter in historical river inflows and historical operating parameters; Based on the historical monitoring data, a suspended solids-operating parameter response model is constructed. The suspended solids-operating parameter response model is used to characterize the response relationship between the operating parameters of the multi-level ecological regulation and storage system and the removal efficiency of suspended solids in river water. Input the current monitoring data into the suspended matter-operating parameter response model to calculate the combination of operating parameters required to meet the preset removal efficiency target; Based on the combination of operating parameters, the optimized spatial layout parameters and the optimized operating parameters are modified to generate modified control commands.

9. The method according to claim 4 or 8, characterized in that, The step of generating control instructions for optimizing the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system based on the monitoring data further includes: Real-time filter feeding activity data of benthic organisms in the post-containment tank is obtained. The real-time filter feeding activity data is collected by a high-frequency acoustic echo detection system or a bioimpedance sensor and is used to characterize the filtration rate and opening and closing behavior of the benthic organisms under the current water quality conditions. The real-time filter feed activity data is compared with a preset activity threshold. When the real-time filter feed activity data is lower than the activity threshold, it is determined that the biofiltration layer of the post-reservoir is in a state of functional inhibition. In response to determining that the biological filter layer is in a state of functional inhibition, real-time suspended solids particle size classification data of the pretreatment tank and the ecological river channel are obtained. The real-time suspended solids particle size classification data is obtained by an online laser particle size analyzer. Based on the real-time suspended particle size classification data, the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter that exceeds the particle size range of benthic filter feeders is identified. When the proportion of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter exceeds a preset threshold, a coordinated control instruction is generated. The coordinated control instruction includes: a first sub-instruction, used to control the hydraulic control module of the pre-treatment reservoir to extend the hydraulic residence time to a first target time, so as to increase the probability of aggregation and sedimentation of non-biodegradable fine particulate matter in the pre-treatment reservoir; a second sub-instruction, used to control the inflow rate of the ecological ditch of the ecological river to decrease to a target low flow rate value, so as to increase the physical interception depth of the ecological ditch for non-biodegradable fine particulate matter; and a third sub-instruction, used to control the water level of the post-treatment reservoir to decrease to a target low water level, so as to shorten the filter feeding path of the benthic organisms and increase the filter feeding frequency per unit water volume. The coordinated regulation instruction is output as part of the control instruction.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of generating control instructions for optimizing the spatial layout and operating parameters of the multi-level ecological water storage system based on the monitoring data further includes: Obtain future rainfall forecast data for the area where the target river channel is located, including forecast rainfall intensity and forecast rainfall duration; The future rainfall forecast data is input into a pre-constructed inflow suspended solids load prediction model to predict the peak concentration and peak arrival time of suspended solids in the river water within a future preset time window. The inflow suspended solids load prediction model is a spatiotemporal sequence prediction model trained based on historical rainfall events and historical spatiotemporal distribution characteristics data of suspended solids. Based on the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids and the peak arrival time, an advance control instruction is generated. The advance control instruction includes: a pre-adjustment instruction executed at a pre-adjustment time point before the peak arrival time, wherein the pre-adjustment instruction controls the hydraulic control module of the pre-treatment tank to gradually extend the hydraulic residence time to a second target time, so as to reserve additional settling capacity in the pre-treatment tank before the peak arrives; and an adaptive adjustment of the water level of the post-treatment tank according to the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids, wherein when the predicted peak concentration of suspended solids exceeds a high concentration threshold, the water level of the post-treatment tank is controlled to decrease to a pre-set low water level, so as to increase the dynamic storage capacity of the post-treatment tank. After the pre-adjustment time is reached by executing the advanced control command, the actual suspended solids concentration data of the river water is obtained; The actual suspended solids concentration data is compared with the predicted peak suspended solids concentration, and the prediction deviation is calculated. Based on the prediction deviation, the model parameters of the inflow suspended solids load prediction model are updated using an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected advance control command.

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