A drinking water raw water typical odor substance purification system based on hierarchical control

Abstract

The application provides a drinking water raw water typical smell and taste substance purification system based on hierarchical control, which comprises a pretreatment and supporting guarantee unit, an oxidation module and a biological activated carbon module which are sequentially communicated, and further comprises an online monitoring module and a hierarchical intelligent control module. The application concentrates the core control object on the residual oxidant constraint closed loop control between the AOP-BAC, dynamically adjusts the oxidant dosage, the opening proportion of the ultraviolet lamp group and the dosage of the quenching agent branch based on the oxidation module water inlet feedforward, the biological activated carbon module water outlet feedback and the residual oxidant / ORP protection constraint before entering the biological activated carbon module, so as to reduce the risk of excessive oxidation and impact on the biological activated carbon biological membrane while guaranteeing the removal effect of typical smell and taste substances such as GSM and 2-MIB.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment technology, specifically to a purification system for typical odor and taste substances in drinking water raw water based on stratified control. Background Technology

[0002] The odor of drinking water raw water is a significant factor affecting the sensory quality of water supply and public satisfaction. Lake / reservoir and slow-flowing river network water sources often experience elevated concentrations of typical odor-causing substances such as GSM and 2-MIB under conditions of high temperature, abundant sunlight, increased nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, algal blooms, sediment disturbance, or rainfall runoff input. These substances are typically in the ng / L range, but have very low odor thresholds and are characterized by strong seasonality, sudden onset, uneven spatial distribution, and high public sensitivity, easily leading to complaints about odors in treated water or water supplied to the distribution network.

[0003] Conventional water purification processes typically include coagulation, sedimentation or flotation, filtration, and disinfection. These processes have some removal capacity for turbidity, algae, colloidal, and particulate contaminants, but their removal of dissolved GSM, 2-MIB, and their precursors is limited. When the raw water contains high concentrations of natural organic matter, algal-derived organic matter, or suspended particles, subsequent oxidants and adsorbents are easily consumed ineffectively, leading to increased chemical consumption and higher risks associated with effluent quality.

[0004] In engineering projects, processes such as emergency dosing of powdered activated carbon, ozone or ultraviolet advanced oxidation, deep treatment with biological activated carbon, and membrane separation are commonly used to enhance odor control. However, when powdered activated carbon is used alone, the dosage is often determined based on experience, which can easily lead to problems such as delayed response, low utilization rate, and increased sludge volume. When advanced oxidation is used alone, too low an oxidation intensity may result in insufficient removal of odor substances, while too high an oxidation intensity may lead to increased chemical consumption, residual oxidant entering the biological treatment unit, or the formation of undesirable byproducts. When biological activated carbon is used alone, activated carbon penetration and biofilm activity are greatly affected by influent water quality, residual oxidant, temperature, and operating cycle, and fluctuations in effluent are likely to occur when reliable early warning is lacking.

[0005] Furthermore, traditional water plant online monitoring primarily focuses on conventional indicators such as turbidity, pH, and residual chlorine. Odor-causing substances like GSM and 2-MIB typically rely on laboratory testing, which is time-consuming and lacks timeliness, making it difficult to directly utilize for real-time closed-loop control. Even with some online instruments, the value of monitoring data cannot be fully realized without intelligent control strategies that link it to process dosing, oxidation intensity, backwashing, and bypass switching. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the problem that traditional online monitoring in water plants mainly focuses on conventional indicators such as turbidity, pH, and residual chlorine, while odor-causing substances such as GSM and 2-MIB usually rely on laboratory testing, which has a long testing cycle, insufficient timeliness, and is difficult to use directly for real-time closed-loop control.

[0007] This invention provides the following technical solution: A purification system for typical odor and taste substances in drinking water raw water based on hierarchical control includes a pretreatment and supporting support unit, an oxidation module and a biological activated carbon module connected in sequence, as well as an online monitoring module and a hierarchical intelligent control module. The pretreatment and supporting support unit includes coagulation, coagulation aid, powdered activated carbon addition, air flotation or flotation, slag discharge and / or backwashing treatment, to reduce algae, colloids, suspended particulate matter, background organic matter and some odor precursors; The online monitoring module collects UV data at the inlet of the oxidation module. 254 TOC and / or DOC, flow rate Q, and estimated odor load Oest; collect residual oxidant Oxres and / or ORP at the effluent of the oxidation module; collect UV at the effluent of the biological activated carbon module. 254 TOC and / or DOC, GSM, 2-MIB and / or Odor Risk Estimate Oest_BAC; The hierarchical intelligent control module forms a data vector XAOP(t) = [UV] for AOP-BAC closed-loop control from the data collected by the online monitoring module. 254 , TOC / DOC, Q, Oest, Oxres, ORP, UV 254 [_BAC, TOC / DOC_BAC, Oest_BAC], and perform outlier processing, time alignment, moving average and hydraulic residence time lag compensation on the data vector to make the data at the inlet of the oxidation module, the residual oxidant or ORP data before entering the biological activated carbon module and the feedback data at the outlet of the biological activated carbon module correspond to the same batch of water. The layered intelligent control module calculates the oxidant feedforward dosage Dff, the UV lamp group feedforward activation ratio Uff, and the BAC effluent odor risk deviation eodor. Dff = D0 + k1N(Oest) + k2N(UV) 254 )+k3N(TOC / DOC)+k4N(Q), Uff=ceil{n·sat[u0+c1N(Oest)+c2N(UV 254 )+c3N(Q),0,1]} / n, eodor=Oest_BAC-Otarget, Where D0 and u0 are the basic set values; k1-k4 and c1-c3 are control coefficients determined based on pilot-scale data, intermediate-scale data, historical operating data or engineering debugging results; n is the number of UV lamp groups; and Otarget is the target value for odor risk in the effluent from the biological activated carbon module. When eodor>0 and Oxres≤Oxsafe and ORP≤ORPsafe, the advanced oxidation conversion is deemed insufficient, and the oxidant dosage D and / or the UV lamp activation ratio U are allowed to be increased within the range of single adjustment step size ΔDmax and ΔUmax; between two adjacent control cycles, the variation of D and U shall not exceed ΔDmax and ΔUmax, respectively.

[0008] The hierarchical intelligent control module outputs the final oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp activation ratio U, and the quencher branch dosage Qq. D=sat{Dff+Kp·eodor-Ko·eprot,Dmin,Dmax}, U=sat{Uff+Cp·eodor-Co·eprot,0,1}, Qq=sat{q0+q1·pos(Oxres-Oxsafe)+q2·pos(ORP-ORPsafe),0,Qqmax}, Where Kp and Cp are the odor risk feedback enhancement coefficients, Ko and Co are the residual oxidant protection inhibition coefficients, Dmin and Dmax are the lower and upper limits of oxidant dosage, respectively, q0 is the basic quencher dosage, q1 and q2 are the protection deviation coefficients, and Qqmax is the maximum dosage of quencher in the branch. Calculate the residual oxidant protection bias eox and the ORP protection bias eorp. eox = Oxres - Oxsafe; eorp=ORP-ORPsafe, And let eprot = max[pos(eox), pos(eorp)]. Where pos(x) = max(x, 0); When eprot>0, it is determined that there is a risk of impacting the biofilm of the biological activated carbon module in the effluent from the oxidation module. At this time, the residual oxidant protection constraint takes priority over the above-mentioned odor risk enhancement logic. The stratified intelligent control module prohibits further increasing the intensity of the advanced oxidation target and prioritizes the execution of protective actions such as reducing the oxidant dosage D, reducing the UV lamp group opening ratio U, and / or opening the quencher branch dosage Qq.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the abnormal data processing specifically involves marking any monitored variable as an abnormal value when it exceeds the instrument range, the rate of change exceeds the physical allowable range, or the value remains the same for a set time. This abnormal value is then replaced by an adjacent valid value, a redundant instrument value at the same node, or a soft measurement estimate, in order to prevent abnormal monitoring data from directly participating in subsequent control calculations.

[0010] As a preferred solution, when GSM and / or 2-MIB are not configured for real-time online detection or real-time detection data is unavailable, the hierarchical intelligent control module adjusts the UV data accordingly. 254 One or more of the following parameters are used: TOC and / or DOC, flow rate Q, temperature, pH, ORP, residual oxidant, historical oxidant dosage, and UV lamp activation ratio. Oest and / or Oest_BAC are obtained using a soft sensor model, and the soft sensor model is calibrated using GSM and 2-MIB concentrations obtained from periodic offline detection.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the hierarchical intelligent control module normalizes variables that increase with rising risk using a normalization function: N(x)=min[1,max(0,(xL) / (HL))]; Where L is the upper limit of normal operation or the low-risk threshold, and H is the high-risk threshold; The upper and lower limits of the oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp group opening ratio U, and the quencher branch dosage Qq are constrained by the amplitude limiting function sat(y,ymin,ymax)=min[ymax,max(ymin,y)].

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, during continuous operation, the hierarchical intelligent control module identifies the system operating status based on the odor risk deviation (eodor), protection deviation (eprot), and the current D, U, and Qq, and uses the status information for the status constraints of the next control cycle. If Oest_BAC > Otarget and Oxres ≤ Oxsafe, ORP ≤ ORPsafe, then it is determined to be an insufficient oxidation state; if Oest_BAC > Otarget but Oxres > Oxsafe or ORP > ORPsafe, then it is determined to be a biological activated carbon protection priority state; if Oest_BAC ≤ Otarget and Oxres and ORP are both below the protection threshold and continue to reach a stable time τstable, then it is determined to be a compliant stable state, and the stratified intelligent control module gradually reduces the oxidant dosage D and the UV lamp group opening ratio U, and reduces or stops the quencher branch dosage Qq.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the conventional pretreatment and supporting support unit includes one or more of the following: mixing and flocculation, air flotation or flotation, powdered activated carbon addition, slag discharge, backwashing, and optional ultrafiltration + nanofiltration bypass.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the oxidation module (3) employs ozone catalytic oxidation, UV / hydrogen peroxide, UV / ozone, ozone / hydrogen peroxide, UV / hydrogen peroxide / ozone, or other advanced oxidation processes capable of generating hydroxyl radicals; the oxidation module (3) is equipped with an oxidant metering pump, a UV lamp group controller, a residual oxidant or ORP monitoring probe, and a quencher branch; the oxidant metering pump continuously or progressively adjusts the dosage of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or their combination according to the oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp group controller adjusts the number of UV lamps turned on according to the UV lamp group opening ratio U in discrete proportions of 0, 1 / n, 2 / n...n / n, and the quencher branch adjusts the dosage of reducing quencher according to Qq.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the biological activated carbon module (4) includes at least one BAC filter column, an activated carbon bed, a support layer or water distribution system, a differential pressure detection unit, a backwash air and water pipeline, and inlet and outlet water valves.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Clear core control object: The present invention focuses the core control object on the residual oxidant constraint closed-loop control between AOP-BAC. Through the synergistic effect of feedforward of influent, feedback of BAC effluent and residual oxidant / ORP protection constraint before entering BAC, the clarity of control logic and engineering feasibility are improved.

[0017] (2) Avoid insufficient oxidation: When the estimated risk value of odor in BAC effluent Oest_BAC is higher than the target value, and the residual oxidant and ORP before entering BAC do not exceed the protection threshold, the system gradually increases the amount of oxidant added or the opening ratio of the UV lamp group according to the feedforward value plus the feedback deviation, so that GSM, 2-MIB and their precursors can be sufficiently converted.

[0018] (3) Avoid excessive oxidation and BAC shock: When the Oxres or ORP before entering the BAC exceeds the protection threshold, the system will not continue to increase the intensity of advanced oxidation, but will instead reduce the amount of oxidant added, reduce the proportion of UV lamps turned on, or turn on the quencher branch, thereby protecting the activity of the BAC biofilm.

[0019] (4) Reduce the impact of detection lag: When the offline detection results of GSM and 2-MIB have not yet been returned, the system utilizes UV 254 TOC / DOC, flow rate, ORP, residual oxidant, and historical operating data are used to establish Oest or Oest_BAC for advance adjustment; offline detection results are only used for periodic correction of model bias.

[0020] (5) Clear control boundaries: Coagulant, coagulant aid, powdered activated carbon, microbubble release intensity, backwashing strategy and membrane bypass access can be controlled by existing water treatment automatic control methods or manually set methods. This invention mainly optimizes the core closed-loop control of AOP-BAC, thereby improving the concentration of the solution.

[0021] (6) Taking into account engineering applicability: Without changing the basic equipment form of existing float filter, AOP, BAC and optional membrane unit, only the addition or use of residual oxidant / ORP monitoring points, BAC effluent feedback points and PLC constraint control programs are needed to form a feasible AOP-BAC collaborative control.

[0022] (7) Reduce drug consumption and operational fluctuations: By adjusting the step size, minimum start-stop interval, protection hysteresis and stabilization time, the dosage of oxidant, the opening ratio of UV lamp group and the dosage of quencher are gradually changed to avoid frequent start-stop and overtreatment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein... Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-level barrier purification system of the present invention, which shows the connection relationship between the conventional pretreatment and supporting support unit, the AOP-BAC core processing module, the online monitoring module, the hierarchical intelligent control module, the outlet pipeline and the optional bypass; in the figure, solid lines represent water flow paths, dashed lines represent monitoring data or control signal transmission paths, and dashed lines do not represent water backflow.

[0024] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the closed-loop control logic of the AOP-BAC residual oxidant constraint system of this invention. It shows the closed-loop relationship between the advanced oxidation influent feedforward, biological activated carbon effluent feedback, residual oxidant protection before entering the biological activated carbon system, and the outputs of D, U, and Qq. The BAC effluent / subsequent unit on the right side of the diagram represents the system effluent path after BAC treatment. Whether it meets the standards is determined by the BAC effluent feedback monitoring. The determination result only serves as a feedback signal for the next control cycle and does not indicate physical recirculation of this batch of water. The control output arrows for D, U, and Qq in the diagram are led out by the hierarchical intelligent control module. The state constraint / cyclic scheduling logic is fed back to the hierarchical intelligent control module via dashed lines, and is not used as the direct output of D, U, and Qq.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conventional pretreatment unit of the present invention. This unit can be implemented using existing air flotation, flotation, coagulation and powdered activated carbon addition technologies.

[0026] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the advanced oxidation section in the AOP-BAC core processing module of the present invention, showing the oxidation reactor, oxidant dosing device, UV lamp group / quartz sleeve, ozone dosing tube, hydrogen peroxide dosing tube, residual oxidant monitoring probe, and quencher dosing branch.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biological activated carbon part in the AOP-BAC core processing module of the present invention, which shows the BAC filter column, activated carbon bed, support layer / water distribution system, differential pressure gauge, backwash air inlet pipe, backwash water inlet pipe and inlet / outlet water valve.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the optional ultrafiltration + nanofiltration bypass module. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To illustrate the features of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Example: Please see Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment provides a purification system for typical odor substances in drinking water raw water based on hierarchical control, including a pretreatment and supporting support unit, an oxidation module, and a biological activated carbon module connected in sequence. It also includes an online monitoring module and a hierarchical intelligent control module.

[0031] The pretreatment and supporting support unit includes a mixing flocculation tank, an air flotation tank, a powdered activated carbon dosing device, a sludge removal device, and a backwashing device. Raw water first enters the mixing flocculation tank, where coagulants and flocculants are added to form flocs. The resulting flocs then enter the air flotation tank, where microbubbles generated by dissolved air release carry algae, colloids, and some flocs to the surface, where they are periodically discharged by the sludge removal device. The powdered activated carbon dosing device can be installed in the mixing flocculation section, at the front end of the air flotation tank, or in the contact section after the air flotation effluent. In this embodiment, the air flotation effluent enters the powdered activated carbon contact tank, where powdered activated carbon is added to adsorb some odor precursors and background organic matter. This unit, through coagulation, air flotation, adsorption, and sludge removal, reduces algae, colloids, suspended particulate matter, background organic matter, and some odor precursors.

[0032] The oxidation module employs a UV / hydrogen peroxide process and is equipped with a hydrogen peroxide metering pump, a UV lamp group controller, an ORP monitoring probe, and a quencher branch. The hydrogen peroxide metering pump continuously adjusts the hydrogen peroxide dosage according to the oxidant dosage D. The UV lamp group controller adjusts the number of UV lamps in operation according to the UV lamp group operation ratio U in a discrete proportion. The quencher branch is used to add a reducing quencher (such as sodium bisulfite) to consume excess residual oxidant.

[0033] The biological activated carbon module includes two BAC filter columns operating in parallel. Each filter column is equipped with an activated carbon bed, a support layer, and a water distribution system, as well as a differential pressure detection unit, backwash air and water pipelines, and inlet and outlet water valves.

[0034] The online monitoring module collects UV data at the inlet of the oxidation module. 254 TOC, flow rate Q, and estimated odor load Oest were collected; residual hydrogen peroxide concentration Oxres and ORP were collected at the effluent of the oxidation module; UV was collected at the effluent of the biological activated carbon module. 254 TOC, GSM, 2-MIB, and the odor risk estimate Oest_BAC.

[0035] The hierarchical intelligent control module forms a data vector XAOP(t) from the data collected by the online monitoring module for the closed-loop control of advanced oxidation-biological activated carbon. This data vector undergoes outlier processing, time alignment, moving average, and hydraulic residence time lag compensation to ensure that the data at the inlet of the oxidation module, the residual oxidant or ORP data before entering the biological activated carbon module, and the feedback data at the outlet of the biological activated carbon module correspond to the same batch of water. Specifically, outlier data processing involves marking any monitored variable as an outlier when it exceeds the instrument's range, its rate of change exceeds the physical allowable range, or it remains at the same value for more than a set time. The adjacent valid value is then used as a replacement.

[0036] The stratified intelligent control module calculates the oxidant feedforward dosage Dff, the UV lamp feedforward activation ratio Uff, and the odor risk deviation eodor in the BAC effluent, where eodor = Oest_BAC - Otarget, and Otarget is the target value for odor risk in the effluent from the biological activated carbon module. When eodor > 0 and Oxres ≤ Oxsafe, ORP ≤ ORPsafe, insufficient advanced oxidation conversion is determined, allowing an increase in the oxidant dosage D and the UV lamp activation ratio U within a single adjustment step range.

[0037] The stratified intelligent control module outputs the final oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp activation ratio U, and the quencher branch dosage Qq, and applies upper and lower limit constraints to D, U, and Qq using a limiting function. Simultaneously, it calculates the residual oxidant protection deviation eox and the ORP protection deviation eorp, and sets eprot = max[pos(eox), pos(eorp)]. When eprot > 0, it is determined that there is a risk of impacting the biofilm of the biological activated carbon module in the effluent from the oxidation module. In this case, the residual oxidant protection constraint takes precedence over the odor risk enhancement logic. The stratified intelligent control module prohibits further increasing the intensity of the advanced oxidation target and prioritizes the execution of protective actions such as reducing the oxidant dosage D, reducing the UV lamp activation ratio U, and activating the quencher branch.

[0038] During continuous operation, the stratified intelligent control module identifies the system's operating status based on the odor risk deviation (eodor), protection deviation (eprot), and the current D, U, and Qq: If Oest_BAC > Otarget and Oxres ≤ Oxsafe, ORP ≤ ORPsafe, it is determined to be an insufficient oxidation state, in which case oxidation needs to be strengthened to reduce the odor risk; if Oest_BAC > Otarget but Oxres > Oxsafe or ORP > ORPsafe, it is determined to be a biological activated carbon protection priority state, in which case the increase in oxidation intensity is limited and the risk of residual oxidant is controlled first; if Oest_BAC ≤ Otarget and Oxres and ORP are both below the protection threshold and continue to reach a stable time (τstable), it is determined to be a compliant stable state, and the stratified intelligent control module gradually reduces the oxidant dosage (D) and the UV lamp group activation ratio (U), and reduces or stops the quencher branch dosage (Qq), reducing operating costs while ensuring the quality of the effluent.

[0039] This system achieves synergistic optimization of advanced oxidation and biological activated carbon processes through a hierarchical intelligent control strategy. While ensuring efficient removal of odor substances, it effectively protects the biofilm activity of the biological activated carbon module, improving the stability and safety of system operation. It is suitable for the purification treatment of drinking water raw water containing typical odor substances (GSM, 2-MIB, etc.).

[0040] The above embodiments and accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes, modifications, additions, or substitutions made within the scope of the present invention do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and should also fall within the protection scope of the claims. Other related technical structures not disclosed in detail in this invention are existing technologies in the field.

Claims

1. A purification system for typical odor and taste substances in drinking water raw water based on stratified control, characterized in that: It includes a pretreatment and supporting support unit, an oxidation module and a biological activated carbon module connected in sequence, as well as an online monitoring module and a hierarchical intelligent control module; The pretreatment and supporting support unit includes coagulation, coagulation aid, powdered activated carbon addition, air flotation or flotation, slag discharge and / or backwashing treatment, to reduce algae, colloids, suspended particulate matter, background organic matter and some odor precursors; The online monitoring module collects UV data at the inlet of the oxidation module. 254 TOC and / or DOC, flow rate Q, and estimated odor load Oest; collect residual oxidant Oxres and / or ORP at the effluent of the oxidation module; collect UV at the effluent of the biological activated carbon module. 254 TOC and / or DOC, GSM, 2-MIB and / or Odor Risk Estimate Oest_BAC; The hierarchical intelligent control module forms a data vector XAOP(t) = [UV] for AOP-BAC closed-loop control from the data collected by the online monitoring module. 254 , TOC / DOC, Q, Oest, Oxres, ORP, UV 254 [_BAC, TOC / DOC_BAC, Oest_BAC], and perform outlier processing, time alignment, moving average and hydraulic residence time lag compensation on the data vector to make the data at the inlet of the oxidation module, the residual oxidant or ORP data before entering the biological activated carbon module and the feedback data at the outlet of the biological activated carbon module correspond to the same batch of water. The layered intelligent control module calculates the oxidant feedforward dosage Dff, the UV lamp group feedforward activation ratio Uff, and the BAC effluent odor risk deviation eodor. Dff=D0+k1N(West)+k2N(UV 254 )+k3N(TOC / DOC)+k4N(Q), Uff=ceil{n·sat[u0+c1N(West)+c2N(UV 254 )+c3N(Q),0,1]} / n, eodor=Oest_BAC-Otarget, Where D0 and u0 are the basic set values; k1-k4 and c1-c3 are control coefficients determined based on pilot-scale data, intermediate-scale data, historical operating data or engineering debugging results; n is the number of UV lamp groups; and Otarget is the target value for odor risk in the effluent from the biological activated carbon module. When eodor>0 and Oxres≤Oxsafe and ORP≤ORPsafe, the advanced oxidation conversion is deemed insufficient, and the oxidant dosage D and / or the UV lamp group opening ratio U are allowed to be increased within the range of single adjustment step size ΔDmax and ΔUmax; the change range of D and U between two adjacent control cycles shall not exceed ΔDmax and ΔUmax, respectively. The hierarchical intelligent control module outputs the final oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp activation ratio U, and the quencher branch dosage Qq. D=sat{Dff+Kp·eodor-Ko·eprot,Dmin,Dmax}, U=sat{Uff+Cp·eodor-Co·eprot,0,1}, Qq=sat{q0+q1·pos(Oxres-Oxsafe)+q2·pos(ORP-ORPsafe),0,Qqmax}, Where Kp and Cp are the odor risk feedback enhancement coefficients, Ko and Co are the residual oxidant protection inhibition coefficients, Dmin and Dmax are the lower and upper limits of oxidant dosage, respectively, q0 is the basic quencher dosage, q1 and q2 are the protection deviation coefficients, and Qqmax is the maximum dosage of quencher in the branch. Calculate the residual oxidant protection bias eox and the ORP protection bias eorp. eox = Oxres - Oxsafe; eorp=ORP-ORPsafe, And let eprot = max[pos(eox), pos(eorp)]. Where pos(x) = max(x, 0); When eprot>0, it is determined that there is a risk of impacting the biofilm of the biological activated carbon module in the effluent from the oxidation module. At this time, the residual oxidant protection constraint takes priority over the above-mentioned odor risk enhancement logic. The stratified intelligent control module prohibits further increasing the intensity of the advanced oxidation target and prioritizes the execution of protective actions such as reducing the oxidant dosage D, reducing the UV lamp group opening ratio U, and / or opening the quencher branch dosage Qq.

2. The drinking water raw water typical odor and taste substance purification system based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abnormal data processing specifically involves marking any monitored variable as an abnormal value when it exceeds the instrument range, the rate of change exceeds the physical allowable range, or the value remains the same for a set time. The abnormal value is then replaced by an adjacent valid value, a redundant instrument value at the same node, or a soft measurement estimate, in order to prevent abnormal monitoring data from directly participating in subsequent control calculations.

3. The purification system for typical odor substances in drinking water raw water based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: When GSM and / or 2-MIB are not configured for real-time online detection or real-time detection data is unavailable, the hierarchical intelligent control module adjusts the UV detection method accordingly. 254 One or more of the following parameters are used: TOC and / or DOC, flow rate Q, temperature, pH, ORP, residual oxidant, historical oxidant dosage, and UV lamp activation ratio. Oest and / or Oest_BAC are obtained using a soft sensor model, and the soft sensor model is calibrated using GSM and 2-MIB concentrations obtained from periodic offline detection.

4. The drinking water raw water typical odor and taste substance purification system based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hierarchical intelligent control module normalizes the variables that increase with rising risk using a normalization function: N(x)=min[1,max(0,(xL) / (HL))]; Where L is the upper limit of normal operation or the low-risk threshold, and H is the high-risk threshold; The upper and lower limits of the oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp group opening ratio U, and the quencher branch dosage Qq are constrained by the amplitude limiting function sat(y,ymin,ymax)=min[ymax,max(ymin,y)].

5. The drinking water raw water typical odor and taste substance purification system based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: During continuous operation, the hierarchical intelligent control module identifies the system operating status based on the odor risk deviation (eodor), protection deviation (eprot), and the current D, U, and Qq, and uses the status information as the status constraint for the next control cycle. If Oest_BAC > Otarget and Oxres ≤ Oxsafe, ORP ≤ ORPsafe, then it is determined to be an insufficient oxidation state; if Oest_BAC > Otarget but Oxres > Oxsafe or ORP > ORPsafe, then it is determined to be a biological activated carbon protection priority state; if Oest_BAC ≤ Otarget and Oxres and ORP are both below the protection threshold and continue to reach a stable time τstable, then it is determined to be a compliant stable state, and the stratified intelligent control module gradually reduces the oxidant dosage D and the UV lamp group opening ratio U, and reduces or stops the quencher branch dosage Qq.

6. The drinking water raw water typical odor and taste substance purification system based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conventional pretreatment and supporting support units include one or more of the following: mixing and flocculation, air flotation or flotation, powdered activated carbon addition, slag discharge, backwashing, and optional ultrafiltration + nanofiltration bypass.

7. The drinking water raw water typical odor and taste substance purification system based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidation module (3) adopts ozone catalytic oxidation, UV / hydrogen peroxide, UV / ozone, ozone / hydrogen peroxide, UV / hydrogen peroxide / ozone or other advanced oxidation processes that can generate hydroxyl radicals; the oxidation module (3) is equipped with an oxidant metering pump, a UV lamp group controller, a residual oxidant or ORP monitoring probe and a quencher branch; the oxidant metering pump continuously or in stages adjusts the dosage of ozone, hydrogen peroxide or their combination according to the oxidant dosage D, the UV lamp group controller adjusts the number of UV lamps turned on according to the UV lamp group opening ratio U in discrete ratios of 0, 1 / n, 2 / n...n / n, and the quencher branch adjusts the dosage of reducing quencher according to Qq.

8. The purification system for typical odor substances in drinking water raw water based on stratified control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological activated carbon module (4) includes at least one BAC filter column, an activated carbon bed, a support layer or water distribution system, a differential pressure detection unit, a backwashing air and water pipeline, and inlet and outlet water valves.

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