A sand sagebrush flowering inhibitor based on plant growth regulator and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a sand sagebrush flowering inhibitor based on plant growth regulators and a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the sand sagebrush cultivation technical field, and comprises active ingredients, an additive and a surfactant carrier; the active ingredients include 3% gibberellic acid and 0.1 ppm abscisic acid; the additive is 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer; the surfactant is 0.05% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the volume ratio of the abscisic acid to the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 1:10; and the volume ratio of the gibberellic acid, the abscisic acid + amino acid foliar fertilizer and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 16:3:1. The sand sagebrush flowering inhibitor is obtained by compounding the low-toxicity plant growth regulator gibberellic acid GA3 with other plant growth regulators and additives, the spraying effect is best in the physiological differentiation period of sand sagebrush flower buds from the early and middle ten-day period of June to the early ten-day period of July, and the flower inhibition rate can reach 79.44%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Artemisia annua cultivation technology, specifically to an Artemisia annua flowering inhibitor based on plant growth regulators, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Black sand sage ( Artemisia ordosica Krasch It is a core plant for windbreak and sand fixation in the Mu Us Desert, but its pollen is a major allergen for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and other diseases in northern regions. Pollen concentration can reach 500-800 grains / m³ annually from August to September. 3 It far exceeds the sensitization threshold (>100 particles / m²). 3 Traditional management methods include manual removal, mechanical removal, and plant replacement. Manual removal is inefficient, costly, and unsustainable; mechanical removal can damage native vegetation, leading to dune activation and soil erosion; and plant replacement is too time-consuming, cannot meet the immediate needs of allergy sufferers, requires too much investment, is expensive, has poor site conditions, low survival rates, and cannot compete with Artemisia for survival, making it difficult to promote.

[0003] Existing research indicates that plant growth regulators (such as YH-1 and gibberellin GA3) can inhibit flowering by interfering with flower bud differentiation. However, single regulators have low and unstable flower inhibition rates, requiring multiple applications; high concentrations of regulators lead to yellowing of Artemisia annua leaves and decreased biomass; there is a lack of clearly defined effective application windows; there is a lack of suitable spraying amounts and concentrations per acre for Artemisia annua; and there is a lack of precise application methods for different growth stages (budding stage, initial flowering stage). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a highly efficient, low-toxicity, and environmentally friendly flowering inhibitor for Artemisia annua, along with a corresponding application regimen. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above-mentioned problems, this invention provides a flowering inhibitor of Artemisia argyi based on plant growth regulators, its preparation method, and its application.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a flowering inhibitor of Artemisia annua based on plant growth regulators, wherein the flowering inhibitor of Artemisia annua is composed of active ingredients, adjuvants and surfactants; The active ingredients include 3% gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.1 ppm abscisic acid (ABA). 3% gibberellic acid (GA3): By regulating the balance between endogenous hormones and reproductive growth in plants, GA3 promotes the activity of gibberellin synthase (GA20-oxidase), consuming large amounts of the precursor geraniol pyrophosphate (GGPP) and inhibiting flowering-related metabolism. GA3 inhibits the normal expression of key flowering genes PPLEAFFYT and MADS6, thereby inhibiting flower induction and subsequent normal differentiation, causing some flower buds to turn into leaf buds. Therefore, the application of flower-inhibiting agents can not only effectively control reproductive growth and reduce pollen production, but also enhance plant vitality and ecological adaptability by promoting vegetative growth.

[0006] 0.1 ppm abscisic acid (ABA): ABA induces ABA synthase (NCED), which consumes common precursors (such as GGPP) to form resource competition, thereby enhancing the inhibitory effect of flowering-related metabolism. ABA activates MYB family transcription factors and inhibits the expression of GA3 flowering genes (such as AP1 and LFY), thereby increasing the flower inhibition rate.

[0007] The combination of the two can downregulate the CO (CONSTANS) gene (the core regulatory gene of photoperiod), block flowering signals, inhibit sucrose synthase activity, reduce nutrient supply to flower organs, and enhance the flower-suppressing effect.

[0008] The adjuvant is 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF); Amino acid foliar fertilizer (0.5% AA-FF): Provides nitrogen nutrition and small molecule active substances, alleviates the stress of high-concentration regulators on plants, and promotes the vegetative growth of Artemisia arenaria. The compound formula can simultaneously achieve nutrient supplementation and growth regulation. Amino acids provide nitrogen and promote protein synthesis; the two work synergistically to accelerate cell division and expansion, while enhancing leaf absorption efficiency.

[0009] The surfactant is 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). Surfactant: 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) is a low-concentration anionic surfactant widely used in detergents, cosmetics, and the food industry. It has a biodegradability rate >90%, causes minimal environmental pollution, and is environmentally friendly. Adding 0.05% dodecylbenzenesulfonate reduces the surface tension of the anti-flowering agent solution, enhances its stability, prevents precipitation, and promotes uniform adhesion and penetration of the ingredients.

[0010] The volume ratio of abscisic acid (ABA) to amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF) is 1:10; the volume ratio of gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) + amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF), and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is 16:3:1.

[0011] This invention also provides a method for preparing a flowering inhibitor of Artemisia annua based on plant growth regulators, specifically including the following steps: S1: Prepare a 0.1 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) solution; S2: Mix the abscisic acid (ABA) solution with 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF) to prepare an abscisic acid (ABA) activated solution; S3: Pour the abscisic acid (ABA) activation solution into a container, then slowly pour in 3% gibberellic acid (GA3) while stirring until the mixture is homogeneous; S4: Finally, add 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) solution to the container and stir continuously until the solution is clear and transparent.

[0012] Further, in step S1, the abscisic acid (ABA) solution is prepared using an aqueous solution with a pH of 5.8.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the volume mixing ratio of the abscisic acid (ABA) solution to the amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF) solution is 1:10.

[0014] Further, in step S3, the volume ratio of the abscisic acid (ABA) activation solution to gibberellic acid (GA3) is 3:16; the stirring speed is ≥300 rpm.

[0015] Further, in step S4, the volume ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) to gibberellic acid (GA3) is 1:16, and the stirring time is 10 min.

[0016] The present invention also provides the application of a plant growth regulator-based Artemisia annua flowering inhibitor in inhibiting Artemisia annua flowering and / or reducing Artemisia annua pollen release.

[0017] Furthermore, the application time of the inhibitor is from the physiological differentiation period of Artemisia annua flower buds to the budding period, specifically from early to mid-June to early July each year; the application dose of the inhibitor is 1-2 liters / acre.

[0018] Furthermore, the inhibitor is sprayed using a drone, with the drone flying at a height of 5-8m and the atomized particle size ≤50μm.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, by screening a combination of plant growth regulators, the balance between reproductive and vegetative growth of Artemisia argyi is regulated. Combined with a drone precision spraying system, targeted intervention is achieved, which significantly reduces the flower bud differentiation rate and inhibits the flowering process. Moreover, it has no adverse effects on plant survival rate and root sand-fixing ability. It has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, easy to operate, and applicable on a large scale.

[0020] This invention uses the low-toxicity plant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3) in combination with other plant growth regulators and adjuvants. By interfering with the balance of endogenous hormones, it inhibits the transformation of apical meristems into flower buds. Foliar spraying at the early stage of reproductive growth in Artemisia annua significantly reduces the flower bud differentiation rate. Combined with a drone platform equipped with a multispectral sensor, the application area is delineated in real time based on vegetation indices, achieving variable-rate spraying. This reduces the average amount of pesticide used per acre by more than 90% compared to manual spraying, effectively controlling pollen release while maintaining stable coverage and sand-fixing efficiency of Artemisia annua.

[0021] Experiments show that the flowering inhibitor of Artemisia annua of this invention is most effective when sprayed during the physiological differentiation period of Artemisia annua flower buds from early to mid-June to early July. At this time, application can block the formation of inflorescence primordia, achieving a flower inhibition rate of up to 79.44%, and has no significant impact on surrounding non-target plants, effectively alleviating the pressure of regional allergic disease incidence. This technology system integrates plant physiological regulation with intelligent spraying equipment, providing a replicable solution for the control of plant pollen pollution in ecologically sensitive areas, with significant social, ecological, and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 These are comparison images of the effects of GA3 alone as a flower suppressant. In the images, the left image shows the effect before the treatment, and the right image shows the effect after spraying GA3. Figure 2 These are comparison charts showing the effects of the final optimized flower suppressant. In the chart, a represents the effect before implementation, b represents the effect of spraying GA3, and c represents the effect of spraying the final compound flower suppressant. Figure 3 These are comparison images showing the effects of spraying a flower-suppressing agent on 100,000 mu (approximately 6,667 hectares) in 2025. Image a shows the effect before the treatment, while image b shows the effect after spraying the final compound flower-suppressing agent. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials used in the following embodiments are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already available in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already available in the prior art.

[0025] Example 1: Screening and Application Trial 1. Screening test 1.1 Materials and Methods (1) Overview of the experimental area The experimental site is located in Xiaojihan Forest Farm, Yulin City (38°22′49.01″N, 109°37′50.69″E), on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert. This region has a temperate semi-arid continental monsoon climate, characterized by low precipitation, high evaporation, strong winds, abundant sand, and ample sunshine. The average annual temperature is 8.3℃~10.1℃, with extreme highs of 42.1℃ and extreme lows of -31.8℃. The accumulated temperature above 10℃ is 2800℃~3400℃. Annual precipitation is 350~503mm, concentrated in June to September, while annual evaporation is 2000~2500mm. The surface is mainly composed of Quaternary loose deposits, and the soil is aeolian sandy soil. The zonal vegetation is dominated by chestnut calcareous dry steppe, transitioning from forest-steppe to desert steppe from southeast to northwest, with large areas of artificial vegetation distributed in between. Artemisia argyi is a dominant or major associated species in common plant communities in desert and semi-desert regions. It also grows in dry grasslands and arid slopes, with a flowering and fruiting period from July to October.

[0026] (2) Test materials The test material was a secondary Artemisia annua community planted by aerial seeding in the Mu Us Desert.

[0027] (3) Plant growth regulators tested The plant growth regulators selected were YH-1 (white crystals) and gibberellin (GA3, 6%). YH-1 was developed by Beijing Academy of Landscape Architecture Sciences, and gibberellin was purchased from Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.

[0028] (4) Test methods In a secondary community of *Artemisia annua* seeded by aerial seeding in the relatively flat Mu Us Desert where the growth of *Artemisia annua* was generally uniform, *Artemisia annua* and *Altai dogwa* were selected as the dominant species. Heteropappus altaicus Plant communities with weeds as companion species were enclosed and experimental plots were established. A single-factor regression design was used, with Latin square or randomized block design. Several plots were set up as needed, each plot measuring 10m × 10m, with 30 clumps of Artemisia argyi with basically uniform growth in each plot.

[0029] Before the flower bud differentiation of Artemisia annua (this experiment was conducted on June 14, 2019), two plant growth regulators were diluted at three different ratios: YH-1 (each gram of YH-1 was added to 10 mL of 95% alcohol and stirred until YH-1 was completely dissolved before subsequent dilution) was diluted 200, 250, and 300 times, respectively, and labeled as YH-1-200, YH-1-250, and YH-1-300; GA3 was diluted 400, 800, and 1200 times, respectively, and labeled as GA3-400 (150 mg / L), GA3-800 (75 mg / L), and GA3-1200 (50 mg / L). The solutions were evenly sprayed (30 L / mu) on 360 Artemisia annua clumps with similar growth using a manual electric sprayer (based on automatic drip irrigation). Each treatment consisted of 10 clumps, repeated 3 times, with an additional 10 clumps of Artemisia annua sprayed with water selected as a control (CK) in each replicate.

[0030] (5) Data collection The experimental results were investigated during the peak flowering period of Artemisia annua (August to September; this experiment was conducted on August 8, 2019). One primary inflorescence was collected from each clump of Artemisia annua treated and control. Ten inflorescences from each treatment and control were obtained for each replicate, and 30 inflorescences from each concentration of regulator were obtained for each treatment and control. The inflorescences were labeled and placed in a specimen holder, and the number of capitula was counted as soon as possible indoors.

[0031] (6) Data processing and analysis The effect of flower suppression is measured by the flower suppression rate ( P The value is used to characterize flowering, with positive values ​​indicating inhibited flowering and negative values ​​indicating promoted flowering. The formula for calculating the flower inhibition rate is as follows.

[0032] Flower suppression rate % = (Number of control capitulums - Number of treatment capitulums) / Number of control capitulums × 100.

[0033] Using the flower suppression rate (Y) as the dependent variable and different hormone concentrations (x) as independent variables, SPSS 22.0 software was used for curve estimation. The software automatically generated a quadratic equation and curve for the flower suppression rate (Y) and hormone concentration (x). The optimal concentration can be obtained by using the maximum value calculation formula.

[0034] One-way ANOVA using SPSS 22.0 was used to perform statistical analysis on the experimental data between different treatments, and the Duncan test was used to test the significance of differences in each measurement indicator between treatments. p <0.05). SPSS 22.0 was used to fit and plot the equation for the flower suppression effect.

[0035] 1.2 Data and Results (1) YH-1 flower-suppressing effect Statistical analysis showed that the flower inhibition rates of YH-1-200, YH-1-250, and YH-1-300 treatments were 83.9%, 50.3%, and 45.1%, respectively. YH-1 treatment inhibited flowering of Artemisia annua, and the flower inhibition rate increased with increasing concentration. Among them, the YH-1-200 treatment had the best flower inhibition effect (see Table 1).

[0036] Table 1. Significance test of the difference in flower-suppressing effect of YH-1 at different dilution ratios.

[0037] 2) GA3's effect on suppressing flowering Statistical analysis showed that the flower inhibition rates of GA3-400, GA3-800, and GA3-1200 treatments were 20.8%, 48.5%, and 6.2%, respectively. This indicates that GA3 has a flower-inhibiting effect on Artemisia annua, and the flower inhibition rate first increases and then decreases with increasing concentration. Among them, the flower-inhibiting effect of GA3-800 treatment was the best (see Table 2).

[0038] Table 2. Significance test of the difference in flower-suppressing effect of GA3 at different dilution ratios.

[0039] Through fitting and differentiation, it was inferred that the flower-inhibiting effect of GA3 on Artemisia annua follows a downward-opening parabolic trajectory with increasing concentration, and the regression equation is y = -0.0206x. 2 +4.2687x-155.7, R 2 =0.9777. After differentiation, when the concentration x is 103.61 mg / L, the flower inhibition rate y is the maximum of 65.43%.

[0040] An investigation conducted in early August and September 2019 revealed that the YH-1 treatment showed a decrease in the number of flower buds, with a more elongated shape and elongated internodes of the capitula on secondary inflorescence branches; the GA3 treatment showed a decrease in the number of flower buds and a shortened internode spacing; all treatments showed no change in the number of clumps, no mortality, and no significant changes in clump height, diameter, or canopy coverage; the leaves continued to grow normally, without any abnormalities such as chlorosis, yellowing, or curling. Observations in February and March 2020 showed that all treatments of *Artemisia argyi* sprouted and grew normally, without any abnormalities.

[0041] 1.3 Discussion and Conclusion The results of this experiment show that YH-1-200 has a highly significant flower-suppressing effect, greatly reducing the number of flower buds with a flower-suppressing rate of 83.9%. GA3-800 (75mg / L) also has a significant flower-suppressing effect on Artemisia arenaria, significantly reducing the number of flower buds with a flower-suppressing rate of 48.5%. Although the ideal flower-suppressing rate of GA3, calculated through fitting, can reach 65.43%, in reality, it cannot achieve this ideal effect due to various factors such as temperature, wind speed, and time. Furthermore, Flower Suppressant No. 1 is a patented product of the Beijing Academy of Landscape Architecture Sciences, and its cost in practical application is high, requiring thousands of yuan per mu for materials alone. In contrast, the flower-suppressing agent formulated with GA3 costs less than 100 yuan per mu. Therefore, the flower-suppressing agent formulated with GA3 was selected for further experiments.

[0042] Under natural conditions, among the five major plant hormones, gibberellins have the most significant effect on flowering. According to the research of An Lijun et al. (An Lijun, Jin Liang, Yang Chunqin, et al. Effect of exogenous gibberellins on flowering in peach and its mechanism of action [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2009, 42(2):605-611.), it is possible that GA3 inhibits the normal expression of the key flowering genes PPLEAFFYT and MADS6, thereby inhibiting flower induction and subsequent normal differentiation, resulting in some flower buds turning into leaf buds. The research of Zhou Xuewu et al. (Zhou Xuewu, Chen Qingliang, Zeng Fanzhe, et al. Study on the effect of gibberellins on flower bud formation in sweet orange [J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 1981, (1):43-47.) showed that, except for affecting flower buds, GA3 did not have any adverse effects on the amount of leaf bud germination or leaf shape. Observations conducted in early August and September 2019 and February and March 2020 revealed that, apart from a significant decrease in the number of flower buds on the inflorescence branches of Artemisia argyi treated with YH-1 and GA3, the number of plant species in the experimental area did not decrease as a result, and they were able to germinate and grow normally. The population size, structure, and function of Artemisia argyi did not change significantly and were not threatened.

[0043] 2. Effects of GA3 on flowering and community characteristics of Artemisia annua 2.1 Materials and Methods (1) Experimental area The experimental site is located in Xiaojihan Forest Farm, Yulin City (38°22′49.01″N, 109°37′50.69″E), on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert.

[0044] (2) Test materials The test material was a secondary Artemisia annua community grown by aerial seeding in the Mu Us Desert. GA3 (6%) was purchased from Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.

[0045] (3) Test methods In 2020, in a relatively flat area of ​​the Mu Us Desert where Artemisia argyi grew uniformly, secondary communities were selected by aerial seeding, with Artemisia argyi as the dominant species and *Gnaphalium affine* (Altai dogwa flower) as the secondary species. Heteropappus altaicusPlant communities with weeds as associated species were fenced off and experimental plots were established. A single-factor regression design with Latin square arrangement was used. Three groups were set up for the exogenous hormone spraying experiment, namely gibberellin GA3 (0 mg / L), GA3 (100 mg / L), and GA3 (200 mg / L). Each group had 4 treatments. Artificial spraying (30 L / mu) was carried out in April, May, June, and early July (on the same day each month). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, for a total of 36 plots; the size of each plot was 10m × 10m (other details were the same as above).

[0046] 2.2 Data Collection The experimental results were investigated during the peak flowering period of Artemisia annua (August 6, 2020). The determination of branch order followed the method of Zheng Xingxing et al. (Zheng Xingxing, Wang Tiejuan, Wei Xiaomeng, et al. Comparative study on flowering phenology of two Artemisia species of sand-fixing semi-shrubs in the Horqin Sandy Land [J]. Plant Research, 2014, 34(4):446-451.). One primary inflorescence was collected from each treatment of Artemisia annua, and 30 inflorescence branches were collected from each treatment. Labels were attached, and the branches were placed in a specimen holder. The total number of capitula was counted indoors as soon as possible. When Artemisia annua stopped growing in September, the 10m×10m plot was divided into four equal-sized quadrats of 5m×5m. There were 36 quadrats of 5m×5m each month. The number of plant species, height, crown width, and canopy coverage in each quadrat were investigated. The crown width and height of the standard plants were calculated. Four standard plants were selected from each plot, and their biomass was determined using the standard plant method. Community safety analysis was conducted.

[0047] 2.3 Data Processing and Analysis The effect of flower suppression is measured by the flower suppression rate ( P The value is used to characterize flowering, with positive values ​​indicating inhibited flowering and negative values ​​indicating promoted flowering. The formula for calculating the flower inhibition rate is as follows.

[0048] P = ( W 2 - W 1 ) / W 2 In the formula: W 1 The number of capitulum inflorescences for each treatment. W 2 The number of capitulum was used as a control (GA3 (0 mg / L)).

[0049] Using the flower suppression rate (Y) as the dependent variable and different hormone concentrations (x) as independent variables, SPSS 22.0 software was used for curve estimation. The software automatically generated a quadratic equation and curve for the flower suppression rate (Y) and hormone concentration (x). The optimal concentration can be obtained using the maximum value calculation formula. Similarly, the relationship equation between the flower suppression rate (Y) and the hormone application time (x) and the optimal application time can be obtained.

[0050] Community α-diversity was assessed using the Margalef richness index (R), Simpson diversity index (D), Shannon-Wiener index (H), and Pielou evenness index (E). Community similarity was determined using the Sørenson similarity coefficient formula q = j / (a + bj), where q is the Jaccard index, j is the number of species shared between the two communities or plots, and a + b is the sum of the number of species between the two communities or plots. The canopy width of *Artemisia argyi* was calculated using the formula for the area of ​​a circle, π = R. 2 Calculate the radius R as (major diameter + minor diameter) / 2 of the crown width, then calculate the relative coverage, and finally calculate the importance value using formula IV = (RH + RC + RB) / 3, where RH is the relative height, RC is the relative coverage, and RB is the relative frequency.

[0051] One-way ANOVA using SPSS 22.0 was used to perform statistical analysis on the experimental data between different treatments, and the Duncan test was used to test the significance of differences in each measurement indicator between treatments. p <0.05). SPSS 22.0 was used to fit and plot the equation for the flower suppression effect.

[0052] 2.4 Results and Analysis (1) Flower suppression effect of different treatments Table 3. Flower suppression rate of different treatments and their significance.

[0053] Note: Data outside parentheses for each month is the average flower suppression rate, and data inside parentheses is the standard error; lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences between different treatments in the same month, uppercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences between different months of the same treatment, the same letter indicates no significant difference, and different letters indicate significant difference. p <0.05). The same applies below.

[0054] Statistical analysis: GA3 (100 mg / L) treatment showed the best flower-suppressing effect in June, with a flower-suppressing rate of 60.33%.

[0055] (2) Optimal application concentration and time The flower inhibition rate of GA3 (Y) versus hormone concentration (x) was fitted using three different concentrations of GA3 in June, resulting in a quadratic equation and curve: Y = -1.42 + 1.0943X - 0.0049X 2 After differentiating the equation, the optimal concentration of GA3 was found to be 111.7 mg / L, with an inhibition rate of 61.1%.

[0056] The flower inhibition rate of GA3 (100 mg / L) was applied once each in April, May, June, and July. The fitted effect equation was then calculated as follows: Y = -349.97 + 126.59X - 9.735X. 2 After differentiating the equation, the optimal application time is 6.5 days, which is from mid-June to early July, and the flower suppression rate reaches 61.6%.

[0057] Therefore, the optimal concentration for artificial spraying of gibberellin is 111.7 mg / L, and the optimal application time is from early to mid-June to early July.

[0058] (3) Effects of plant growth regulators on basic community characteristics ① Effects of plant growth regulators on plant growth in Artemisia annua communities Compared with the control, the GA3 (100 mg / L) treatment significantly increased the canopy cover of *Artemisia annua* by 24.9% and decreased the crown width by 0.78%; the GA3 (200 mg / L) treatment significantly increased the canopy cover and crown width of *Artemisia annua* by 17.1% and 9.5%, respectively; the average canopy cover and crown width of the GA3 treatment increased by 20.95% and 4.4%, respectively (Table 4). The application of GA3 did not cause the decline or degradation of the *Artemisia annua* community.

[0059] Table 4. Effects of growth regulators on the quantitative characteristics of Artemisia annua communities.

[0060] Note: Data outside parentheses for each indicator is the average value, and data inside parentheses for each indicator is the standard error.

[0061] ② Effects of plant growth regulators on the similarity of Artemisia annua communities According to the Jaccard similarity principle, communities with a Jaccard index of 0–0.25 are extremely dissimilar, those with 0.25–0.50 are moderately dissimilar, those with 0.50–0.75 are moderately similar, and those with 0.75–1 are extremely similar. The Jaccard index q values ​​for all treatments of *Artemisia annua* communities ranged from 0.75 to 1.00 (Table 5). This indicates that all treatments of *Artemisia annua* communities were extremely similar to the control community, exhibiting high similarity in species composition, abundance, biodiversity, and structural characteristics.

[0062] Table 5. Effects of growth regulators on community similarity

[0063] ③ The effects of plant growth regulators on biodiversity in Artemisia annua communities There were no statistically significant differences in the five biodiversity indices across the GA3 treatments. This indicates that the GA3 treatment had no significant impact on the status and role of the Artemisia annua community, the number and richness of species, the complexity of species composition, or the evenness of distribution, suggesting that the species diversity index did not change significantly after the application of GA3.

[0064] Table 6. Effects of growth regulators on biodiversity index

[0065] Note: Data outside parentheses for each indicator is the average value, and data inside parentheses for each indicator is the standard error.

[0066] Example 2 Optimization Experiment In the following experiments, the application time of the flowering inhibitor of Artemisia annua was: from the physiological differentiation of Artemisia annua flower buds to the budding stage (early to mid-June to early July); the dosage was 1-2 L / mu; the application equipment was a drone (flying altitude 5-8 m, atomized particle size ≤50 μm).

[0067] 1. Optimization Experiment 1: 3% gibberellic acid This experiment is similar in design to the previous ones and will not be described in detail again. The difference lies in the fact that, through repeated and extensive drone spraying tests (using the same verification method as before), it was found that when the concentration of gibberellic acid sprayed by the drone was 3%, the flower-suppressing effect was better. See the spraying effect diagram below. Figure 1 The flower suppression rate increased from 60.33% to 63.03%, an increase of 2.7%.

[0068] Table 7. Flower-suppressing effect of 3% GA3

[0069] 2. Optimization Experiment Two: 3% gibberellic acid + 0.1ppm abscisic acid (ABA) Preparation of the flower inhibitor: Prepare a 0.1 ppm ABA solution using a pH 5.8 aqueous solution; pour 150 mL of ABA solution into a container, then slowly pour in 800 mL of 3% gibberellic acid (GA3) preparation while stirring (speed ≥ 300 rpm) until homogeneous, avoiding excessively high local concentrations.

[0070] Application method: Add this compound flower inhibitor solution to an electric sprayer and spray it evenly on the black sand wormwood plants in a windless and rainless weather, avoiding midday.

[0071] The experimental method is the same as before.

[0072] Innovation: The addition of 0.1 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) induces neutrophil synthase (NCED), consumes the common precursor (GGPP), and competes with GA3 for resources, thus enhancing the inhibitory effect on flowering-related metabolism. ABA activates MYB family transcription factors, inhibiting the expression of GA3 flowering genes (AP1, LFY), thereby increasing the flower inhibition rate. The compound also downregulates the CO (CONSTANS) gene (a core regulatory gene of photoperiod), blocking flowering signals, inhibiting sucrose synthase activity, reducing nutrient supply to floral organs, and enhancing the flower inhibition effect. The flower inhibition rate increased from 63.03% to 70.5%, an increase of 7.47%. Experimental data are as follows: Table 8. Flower-inhibiting effect of 3% GA3 + 0.1ppm ABA

[0073] 3. Optimization Experiment Three: 3% gibberellic acid + 0.1 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) + 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF) Preparation of the flower-inhibiting agent: Prepare a 0.1 ppm ABA solution using a pH 5.8 aqueous solution; mix the 0.1 ppm ABA solution with a 0.5% AA-FF amino acid foliar fertilizer solution at a ratio of 1:10 to activate the active groups and prepare an ABA activated solution; pour 150 mL of the ABA activated solution into a container, then slowly pour in 800 mL of 3% gibberellic acid (GA3) preparation while stirring (speed ≥300 rpm) to ensure uniform mixing and avoid excessively high local concentrations.

[0074] Application method: Add this compound flower inhibitor solution to an electric sprayer and spray it evenly on the black sand wormwood plants in a windless and rainless weather, avoiding midday.

[0075] Innovation: The addition of 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF) provides nitrogen nutrition and small-molecule active substances, alleviating the stress on plants caused by high-concentration regulators and promoting the vegetative growth of Artemisia arenaria. This compound formulation simultaneously achieves nutrient supplementation and growth regulation. Amino acids provide nitrogen and promote protein synthesis; the two work synergistically to accelerate cell division and swelling, while also enhancing leaf absorption efficiency and improving the flower-suppressing effect. The flower-suppressing rate increased from 70.5% to 72.48%, an increase of 1.98%. Experimental data are as follows: Table 9. Flower-inhibiting effect of 3% GA3 + 0.1ppm ABA + 0.5% AA-FF

[0076] 4. Optimization Experiment Four: 3% gibberellic acid + 0.1 ppm abscisic acid (ABA) + 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer (AA-FF) + 0.05% surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, SDBS) Preparation method: ① Prepare a 0.1 ppm ABA solution using a pH 5.8 aqueous solution; ② Mix the 0.1 ppm ABA solution with a 0.5% AA-FF amino acid foliar fertilizer solution at a ratio of 1:10 to activate the active groups and prepare an ABA activated solution; ③ Pour 150 mL of the ABA activated solution into a container, then slowly pour in 800 mL of 3% gibberellic acid (GA3) preparation while stirring (speed ≥300 rpm) to ensure uniform mixing and avoid excessively high local concentrations; ④ Finally, add 50 mL of 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution and continue stirring for 10 minutes until the solution is clear and transparent.

[0077] Application Method: Apply from the physiological differentiation stage of Artemisia annua to the budding stage (early to mid-June to early July), depending on the local climate and the growth status of Artemisia annua. Dosage: 1-2 L / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), depending on flight altitude, vegetation, etc. For concentrated distribution of Artemisia annua, on flat terrain, and with low vegetation, spray close to the ground, with a minimum dosage of 1 L / mu. Application Equipment: Drones (flying altitude 5-8m, atomized particle size ≤50μm), reducing the average dosage per mu by more than 90% compared to manual spraying, and increasing targeted coverage to 95%. See spraying effect diagram below. Figure 2 .

[0078] Innovation: Adding 0.05% dodecylbenzenesulfonate reduces the surface tension of the anti-flowering agent solution, enhances its stability, reduces precipitation, and promotes uniform adhesion and penetration of the ingredients. The change in precipitation probability is as follows: Table 10. Flower-inhibiting effect of 3% GA3 + 0.1ppm ABA + 0.5% AA-FF + 0.05% SDBS

[0079] Adding 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant reduced the precipitation probability from 8% to 1%, a decrease of 87.5%.

[0080] Example 3: Promotion Cases and Effectiveness Evaluation 1. 2022 In 2022, the Yulin Municipal Party Committee and Government used drones to spray flowers on 1,000 mu of land in Jingkeliang Village, Xiaojihan Town, Yuyang District. Due to damage caused by grazing sheep, the accuracy of the survey data was affected, with an average flower suppression rate of 50.4%.

[0081] 2. 2024 In 2024, the Yulin Municipal Party Committee and Government strictly avoided spraying in areas where Artemisia selengensis was concentrated in Yuyang District and Hengshan District, such as farmland, cultivated land, rivers, villages, and residential areas. They used drones to spray 60,000 mu of flowering inhibitors. However, due to human factors, the spraying time of the flowering inhibitors was later than the optimal spraying time that year. According to the final evaluation by Northwest University, the overall flower inhibition rate was approximately 54.35%, with a significant reduction in the number of hermaphroditic flowers, an average inhibition rate of 22.63%, and a pollen inhibition rate of 64.68%. The transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, and weight of flower buds were all significantly reduced after the application of the flower inhibitor, with the transverse diameter shortening by 23.98%, the longitudinal diameter shortening by 18.43%, and the average weight decreasing by 38.5%. The expression levels of 10,345 genes increased and 10,644 genes decreased. In the pedicels, the expression levels of 10,319 genes increased and 7,704 genes decreased. The flower inhibitor had a comprehensive effect on the flowering and vegetative growth of Artemisia annua by regulating genes and metabolites related to flowering and vegetative growth, and had a significant inhibitory effect on the reproductive growth of Artemisia annua.

[0082] According to an assessment by Xi'an Jiaotong University, spraying the flower-suppressing agent once a year, with the dosage and concentration within the safe range, is relatively safe for humans and animals.

[0083] 3. 2025 In 2025, the Yulin Municipal Party Committee and Government strictly avoided spraying in areas with concentrated Artemisia annua distribution in Yuyang District and Hengshan District, such as farmland, cultivated land, rivers, villages, and residential areas, and used drones to spray a flowering inhibitor on 100,000 mu (approximately 6,667 hectares). The spraying effect is shown in the attached image. Figure 3 According to the preliminary evaluation by a third-party supervisor, the flower suppression rate reached 79.44%.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flowering inhibitor of Artemisia annua based on plant growth regulators, characterized in that: The Artemisia annua flowering inhibitor is composed of active ingredients, adjuvants, and surfactants; The active ingredients include 3% gibberellic acid and 0.1 ppm abscisic acid; The adjuvant is a 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer; The surfactant is 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; The volume ratio of abscisic acid to amino acid foliar fertilizer is 1:10; the volume ratio of gibberellic acid, abscisic acid + amino acid foliar fertilizer, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is 16:3:

1.

2. The method for preparing the Artemisia annua flowering inhibitor based on plant growth regulators as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are included: S1: Prepare an abscisic acid solution with a concentration of 0.1 ppm; S2: Mix the abscisic acid solution with 0.5% amino acid foliar fertilizer to prepare an abscisic acid activation solution; S3: Pour the abscisic acid activation solution into a container, then slowly pour in 3% gibberellic acid while stirring until the mixture is homogeneous; S4: Finally, add 0.05% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the container and stir continuously until the solution is clear and transparent.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the abscisic acid solution is prepared using an aqueous solution with a pH of 5.

8.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the volume ratio of the abscisic acid solution to the amino acid foliar fertilizer solution is 1:

10.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the volume ratio of the abscisic acid activation solution to gibberellic acid is 3:16; the stirring speed is ≥300 rpm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the volume ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to gibberellic acid is 1:16, and the stirring time is 10 min.

7. The application of the Artemisia annua flowering inhibitor based on plant growth regulators as described in claim 1 in inhibiting Artemisia annua flowering and / or reducing Artemisia annua pollen release.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inhibitor is applied during the physiological differentiation period of Artemisia annua flower buds to the budding period, specifically from early to mid-June to early July each year; the dosage of the inhibitor is 1-2 L / mu.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inhibitor is sprayed using a drone, which flies at a height of 5-8m and has an atomized particle size of ≤50μm.

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