Compound fertilizer for improving yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and a preparation method thereof.The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by mass fraction: ammonium sulfate 16-26 parts, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 16-24 parts, potassium sulfate 20-28 parts, organic fertilizer 8-16 parts, biochar 12-18 parts, tea leaf crude extract 6-10 parts, and silicon source 2-4 parts.The preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1, taking most of the biochar, slowly adding the tea leaf crude extract into the most of the biochar, stirring uniformly to obtain premix A;S2, uniformly mixing ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer and silicon source to obtain premix B;S3, uniformly mixing premix A, premix B and the remaining biochar, and finally granulating to obtain the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The compound fertilizer has a simple formula and a simple preparation process, and can improve the quality of tobacco leaves while not affecting the yield of flue-cured tobacco.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting technology, specifically to a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As one of my country's important economic crops, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco directly affect the economic benefits of tobacco farmers and the raw material supply level of the tobacco industry. Quality evaluation of flue-cured tobacco is a multi-dimensional and systematic comprehensive task, mainly judged from core aspects such as appearance quality, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation. Core indicators for appearance quality evaluation include maturity, oil content, color, texture, identity, and color; core indicators for chemical composition evaluation include nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, potassium, and sugar-to-nicotine ratio; core indicators for sensory evaluation include aroma, smoke, and taste. Good maturity, high oil content, strong color, loose texture, moderate identity, harmonious chemical composition, sufficient aroma quantity, and good aroma quality are typical characteristics of high-quality tobacco leaves.

[0003] Currently, in flue-cured tobacco production, in pursuit of higher yields, growers often rely on the extensive application of inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. While this high-input planting model ensures tobacco yields to some extent, the long-term use of single or excessive fertilizers has led to a series of serious problems: 1. Deterioration of the soil environment: Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to soil compaction and acidification, destruction of soil aggregate structure, and a decrease in aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity. This not only inhibits the development of tobacco plant roots but also reduces the activity of soil microorganisms, hindering the balanced absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants; 2. Decreased tobacco quality: An imbalance in nutrient supply, especially excessive nitrogen, can easily lead to "delayed ripening" of tobacco plants, making it difficult for the leaves to turn yellow normally. Cured tobacco leaves often exhibit poor maturity, dense and stiff leaf structure, low oil content, dull color, unbalanced chemical composition, weak aroma, impure taste, and even a grassy or off-flavor, severely reducing the quality of the tobacco leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and its preparation method. The compound fertilizer of this invention has a simple formula and a convenient preparation process, and can effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves without affecting the yield of flue-cured tobacco.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this invention is as follows: A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16-26 parts ammonium sulfate, 16-24 parts diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 20-28 parts potassium sulfate, 8-16 parts organic fertilizer, 12-18 parts biochar, 6-10 parts crude tea extract, and 2-4 parts silicon source.

[0006] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer mentioned is farmyard manure made by tobacco farmers' cooperatives through the composting and fermentation of materials such as straw, vegetable waste, cow dung, rice bran, and microbial agents. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio is 1.84:1.09:2.13, the moisture content (fresh sample) is ≤30%, the organic matter content (on a dry basis) is ≥40%, and the content of heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and lead (on a dry basis) is qualified. The organic fertilizer mentioned can also be cake fertilizer, such as soybean cake fertilizer, rapeseed cake fertilizer, etc.

[0007] Furthermore, the biochar is rice husk char, with a pH of 5.0-8.0 and a carbon content of 40%-70%.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for preparing the crude tea extract is as follows: 1. Crush the old leaves of the tea tree to obtain old leaf powder; 2. Add the powdered old leaves to water, heat to 85-95℃, maintain a gentle boil, and stir to extract for 1-2 hours; 3. After the extraction is complete, filter while hot and concentrate the filtrate to obtain crude tea extract.

[0009] Furthermore, the particle size of the old leaf powder is 40-60 mesh.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the old leaf powder to water is 1:10-15.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 3, the filtrate is concentrated to a viscous paste state.

[0012] Furthermore, the silicon source is at least one of calcium silicate, potassium silicate, and magnesium silicate.

[0013] A method for preparing a compound fertilizer to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco includes the following steps: S1. Take most of the biochar, slowly add the crude tea extract to most of the biochar, stir evenly, and obtain premix A. S2. Mix ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer and silicon source evenly to obtain premix B; S3. Mix premix A, premix B and the remaining biochar evenly, and finally granulate to obtain the compound fertilizer that improves the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of biochar used is 80-90 wt%.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes biochar with abundant porous structure and surface functional groups, which can improve soil structure and nutrient availability, reduce nutrient loss, and adsorb and disperse slow-release nutrients and active components in tea crude extract, making it easier for basic fertilizer to be effectively absorbed and stabilize growth. Tea extract mainly promotes the coordination of internal chemical components of tobacco leaves by regulating nutrient absorption and metabolism. Meanwhile, silicon source mainly plays an auxiliary promoting role. When these three are combined, they can form a synergistic effect in multiple aspects such as soil environment optimization, plant growth regulation, nutrient metabolism coordination, and tobacco quality formation, thereby achieving a synergistic improvement in economic traits, appearance quality, chemical composition coordination, and tobacco quality evaluation.

[0016] 2. This invention obtains crude tea extract by extracting and processing waste tea tree leaves, and applies it to compound fertilizer. This not only improves the utilization value of waste tea tree leaves and realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, but also provides active ingredients such as polyphenols to fertilizer.

[0017] 3. The compound fertilizer formula of the present invention is simple and the manufacturing process is simple, without the need for complex high-energy-consuming or high-difficulty procedures, thereby making the production cost more controllable and realizing large-scale production. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but these embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention in any sense.

[0019] The sources of some of the raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows: The biochar is commercial rice husk char, with a thermal decomposition carbonization temperature of 380℃, a pH of 8.0, and a carbon content of approximately 60%.

[0020] The organic fertilizer is farmyard manure made by tobacco farmers' cooperatives through the composting and fermentation of materials such as straw, vegetable waste, cow dung, rice bran, and EM bacteria. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio is 1.84:1.09:2.13, the moisture content (fresh sample) is ≤30%, the organic matter content (on a dry basis) is ≥40%, and the content of heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and lead (on a dry basis) is qualified.

[0021] Preparation method of crude tea extract: 1. Grind the old tea leaves into powder of about 50 mesh. 2. Add 1 kg of old leaf powder to 12 kg of water, heat to 90℃, maintain a gentle boil, and stir to extract for 1.5 hours; 3. After extraction, filter while hot and concentrate the filtrate to a viscous paste to obtain crude tea extract.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts ammonium sulfate, 20 parts diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 24 parts potassium sulfate, 12 parts organic fertilizer, 15 parts biochar, 8 parts crude tea extract, and 3 parts calcium silicate.

[0024] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco is as follows: 1. Slowly (in batches) add the crude tea extract to 90wt% biochar and stir well to obtain premix A; 2. Mix ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer and calcium silicate evenly to obtain premix B; 3. Mix premix A, premix B and the remaining biochar evenly, and finally granulate to obtain the compound fertilizer that improves the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts ammonium sulfate, 24 parts diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 20 parts potassium sulfate, 16 parts organic fertilizer, 18 parts biochar, 6 parts crude tea extract, and 4 parts calcium silicate.

[0027] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0028] Example 3

[0029] A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26 parts ammonium sulfate, 16 parts diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 28 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts organic fertilizer, 12 parts biochar, 10 parts crude tea extract, and 2 parts calcium silicate.

[0030] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that biochar is not added.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that no crude tea extract is added.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that calcium silicate is not added.

[0034] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that biochar, crude tea extract, and calcium silicate are not added.

[0035] field trials Test method: 1. The experimental site was selected in a tobacco field in Xinning County, Shaoyang City. Seven treatment groups were set up, with each treatment group covering an area of ​​0.5 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The tested variety was K326. The seven treatment groups were fertilized with compound fertilizers from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively. The fertilizer application rate for each treatment group was 100 kg / mu (approximately 667 hectares), of which 75% was applied as basal fertilizer and 25% as hole fertilizer. The planting and management of flue-cured tobacco K326 adopted local standardized production techniques, and the curing time was from June to July. The overall economic characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco were tested, and the appearance quality, chemical composition, and smoking quality of the middle leaves after curing were evaluated.

[0036] Experimental results: The test results are as follows: 1. The economic characteristics of the tobacco leaves after curing are shown in Table 1:

[0037] 2. The appearance quality of the tobacco leaves after curing is shown in Table 2:

[0038] 3. The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves after curing is shown in Table 3:

[0039] 3. The smoking quality of the flue-cured tobacco is shown in Table 4:

[0040] As shown in Tables 1-4 above, biochar, tea extract, and silicon source have a synergistic effect on the quality formation of flue-cured tobacco. Although they exhibit different dominant effects in terms of economic traits, appearance quality, chemical composition coordination, and smoking quality, they can generally complement each other and jointly promote the improvement of tobacco quality. Among them, biochar is more conducive to the formation of economic traits, appearance quality, and smoking quality; tea extract has a more prominent effect on improving the coordination of chemical composition; and although the silicon source has a weaker effect individually, it is indispensable in the compound system and has a synergistic promoting effect.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that... It is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16-26 parts ammonium sulfate, 16-24 parts diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 20-28 parts potassium sulfate, 8-16 parts organic fertilizer, 12-18 parts biochar, 6-10 parts crude tea extract, and 2-4 parts silicon source.

2. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer mentioned is farmyard manure or cake fertilizer made by composting and fermenting straw, vegetable waste, cow dung, rice bran, and microbial agents.

3. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is rice husk char, with a pH of 5.0-8.0 and a carbon content of 40%-70%.

4. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that... The method for preparing the crude tea extract is as follows: 4.

1. Crush the old leaves of the tea tree to obtain old leaf powder; 4.2 Add the powdered old leaves to water, heat to 85-95℃, maintain a gentle boil, and stir to extract for 1-2 hours; 4.3 After the extraction is complete, filter while hot and concentrate the filtrate to obtain crude tea extract.

5. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the old leaf powder is 40-60 mesh.

6. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the old leaf powder to water is 1:10-15.

7. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4.3, the filtrate is concentrated to a viscous paste state.

8. The compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon source is at least one of calcium silicate, potassium silicate, and magnesium silicate.

9. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Take most of the biochar, slowly add the crude tea extract to most of the biochar, stir evenly to obtain premix A; S2. Mix ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer and silicon source evenly to obtain premix B; S3. Mix premix A, premix B and the remaining biochar evenly, and finally granulate to obtain the compound fertilizer that improves the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

10. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer for improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of biochar used is 80-90 wt%.

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