A hydrophobic modified putty special for wood structure and a preparation method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611311991.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
AI Technical Summary
[0005]本发明的目的是提供一种疏水改性木结构专用腻子，以解决传统猪血基腻子稳定性差、易吸水、不耐久的问题
1. 本发明构建独特的猪血蛋白、硅烷、纳米二氧化硅三重交联协同体系，精制可控发酵猪血蛋白提供柔性基体，硅烷通过Si-O-C共价键实现疏水锚固，纳米二氧化硅通过Si-O-Si键强化疏水网络并通过氢键补强蛋白基体，三重结构互相穿插、互相锚固，大幅提升腻子整体密实度、内聚力、界面粘结强度，彻底解决传统猪血腻子结构疏松、孔隙率高、力学离散大、防水弱的缺陷；同时，分级砖灰梯度级配填充，进一步提升整体致密性，实现纳米封堵、共价疏水、结构致密三重防水机制，突破传统单一桐油、单一硅烷改性的性能上限。本发明通过以上三重协同改性，腻子疏水耐候性能大幅提升，相较于传统猪血腻子吸水率降低55%～70%，抗冻融循环次数提升50%以上，有效解决户外高湿、温差环境下粉化、起皮、开裂问题，耐久年限提升35%以上。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wood structure protection and repair materials, specifically relating to a hydrophobic modified wood structure putty and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Pig blood-based putty, made from pig blood and lime, is a core environmentally friendly material for traditional Chinese wood structure repair. It has crack resistance and toughness, certain natural insect and rot prevention properties, and good adaptability to wood deformation. Compared with chemical putty, it contains no harmful substances such as formaldehyde and benzene, and is suitable for the protection and repair needs of various wood structures. It is a green and low-carbon material.
[0003] Traditional pig blood-based putty is mainly made of pig blood, lime paste, brick ash, and tung oil. It has inherent technical defects: the pig blood protein gel system is rich in capillary micropores with significant hydrophilic properties. Under outdoor conditions of rain, high humidity, and temperature fluctuations, the putty is extremely prone to absorbing moisture. Long-term alternation of dry and wet conditions and freeze-thaw cycles can cause problems such as powdering, peeling, micro-cracking, and mold growth, significantly reducing the putty's protective performance and shortening the overall service life of various wooden structural components. Tung oil can only slightly improve the waterproof performance and does not solve the inherent defects of pig blood. Furthermore, traditional pig blood putty is fermented naturally at room temperature, which is greatly affected by environmental temperature, humidity, and ventilation conditions. In summer, high temperatures can easily lead to excessive fermentation and decay, while in winter, low temperatures can result in insufficient fermentation and incomplete protein denaturation. This leads to significant differences in the bonding strength and toughness of different batches of putty, and problems such as local cracking, powdering, and peeling are likely to occur after construction.
[0004] Conventional chemical waterproof emulsions, paraffin wax, and fluorinated hydrophobic materials easily damage the cross-linked structure of porcine blood protein and block the breathable channels of wood, leading to problems such as component leaching, discoloration, and irreversible modification. These issues not only affect the protective effect but also damage the original properties and appearance of the wood structure, limiting its application scenarios. This invention, however, balances substrate stability, high hydrophobicity, high weather resistance, and breathability, making it suitable for the repair and protection of wood structures and solving the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrophobic modified putty for wood structures to solve the problems of poor stability, easy water absorption, and lack of durability of traditional pig blood-based putty.
[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a hydrophobically modified putty specifically for wood structures.
[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a hydrophobic modified wood structure putty, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-26 parts fermented blood material, 10-15 parts quicklime paste, 40-55 parts graded brick ash, 3-6 parts calcined tung oil, 2-4 parts silane hydrophobic emulsion, 0.3-0.8 parts nano silica, 6-8 parts water, and 1-2 parts hemp fiber.
[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the graded brick ash is divided into coarse brick ash, medium brick ash, and fine brick ash, with a weight ratio of coarse brick ash: medium brick ash: fine brick ash = 1:3-3.5:5-7; the particle size of coarse brick ash is 80-100 mesh, the particle size of medium brick ash is 120-150 mesh, and the particle size of fine brick ash is 200-300 mesh.
[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the silane hydrophobic emulsion is a hexadecyltrimethoxysilane modified aqueous emulsion with an effective part (hexadecyltrimethoxysilane) mass fraction of 50% to 55% and a particle size of 50 to 100 nm.
[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the nano-silica is hydrophobic fumed silica with a particle size of 20-40 nm and a specific surface area of 150-200 m². 2 / g, can be uniformly dispersed in the system, and forms multiple synergistic effects with silane and porcine blood protein.
[0011] A method for preparing a hydrophobically modified putty specifically for wood structures includes the following steps: A. Preparation of fermented blood: Fresh pig blood is filtered to obtain pure plasma, which is then mixed and stirred with cooled lime milk. After standing and solidifying, it is placed in a constant temperature environment of 20-25℃ and sealed for fermentation for 4-6 days to obtain a high-toughness refined fermented blood with fully denatured protein, no fishy smell, and the ability to be drawn into strands. B. Raw material pretreatment: The graded brick ash and quicklime paste are sieved to remove slag, the hemp fibers are cut and softened for later use, and the nano-silica is pre-dispersed in part of the silane hydrophobic emulsion and ultrasonically dispersed for 5-10 minutes to obtain a stable nano-predispersed liquid. C. Preparation of composite hydrophobic system: Boiled tung oil, the remaining silane hydrophobic emulsion, and the nano pre-dispersion are mixed at low speed and defoamed to obtain a uniform composite hydrophobic liquid; D. Base material mixing: Mix fermented blood material and quicklime paste, stir at medium speed, then add graded brick ash and hemp fiber in batches, maintaining the stirring speed, and stir to form a uniform putty base paste. E. Modification and blending: Add the composite hydrophobic liquid dropwise to the putty base paste, stir at high speed until uniform, add water to adjust the consistency, seal and let stand at room temperature to mature, and the finished product is obtained.
[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step A, the mass fraction of lime milk is 10% to 15%, and the mass ratio of pure blood plasma to lime milk is 8-10:1.
[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step C, the low-speed stirring speed is 200-300 r / min and the stirring time is 5-8 min.
[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step D, the medium-speed stirring speed is 300-400 r / min, the mixing time of fermented blood material and quicklime paste is 3-5 min, and the mixing time after adding graded brick ash and hemp fiber is 8-10 min.
[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step E, the high-speed stirring speed is 400-500 r / min.
[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step E, the curing time is 10 to 15 minutes.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention constructs a unique triple cross-linking synergistic system of porcine blood protein, silane, and nano-silica. Refined and controllably fermented porcine blood protein provides a flexible matrix, silane achieves hydrophobic anchoring through Si-OC covalent bonds, and nano-silica strengthens the hydrophobic network through Si-O-Si bonds and reinforces the protein matrix through hydrogen bonds. The triple structure interpenetrates and anchors with each other, significantly improving the overall density, cohesion, and interfacial bonding strength of the putty, completely solving the defects of traditional porcine blood putty such as loose structure, high porosity, large mechanical dispersion, and weak waterproofing. At the same time, graded brick ash gradient filling further improves the overall density, realizing a triple waterproofing mechanism of nano-sealing, covalent hydrophobicity, and structural density, breaking through the performance limits of traditional single tung oil and single silane modification. Through the above triple synergistic modification, the hydrophobic and weather-resistant properties of the putty are greatly improved. Compared with traditional pig blood putty, the water absorption rate is reduced by 55% to 70%, the number of freeze-thaw cycles is increased by more than 50%, and the problems of powdering, peeling and cracking in outdoor high humidity and temperature difference environments are effectively solved, and the durability is increased by more than 35%.
[0018] 2. The modification system of this invention is a microporous surface modification that does not form a closed film layer, fully preserves the breathability of wood, achieves dynamic balance of internal and external moisture, eliminates the problem of wood rot and mold from the root, and the modification method is mild and reversible, which fully complies with the principles of cultural relic restoration.
[0019] 3. The putty of this invention has good workability, is easy to sand, and has high storage stability. It does not exhibit water separation, layering, or skinning. It is suitable for traditional multi-layer application techniques and has excellent compatibility with tung oil, lacquer, and mineral pigments, without causing color blooming or paint peeling.
[0020] 4. This invention contains no harmful components such as formaldehyde, benzene, or fluorides. The raw materials are natural and environmentally friendly. No harmful substances are released during the cross-linking process. There is no odor during construction. It is suitable for enclosed ancient building spaces and conforms to the trend of green and low-carbon renovation. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0022] In the following examples, the fermented blood, quicklime paste, graded brick ash (coarse brick ash with a particle size of 80-100 mesh, medium brick ash with a particle size of 120-150 mesh, and fine brick ash with a particle size of 200-300 mesh), saturated tung oil, and hemp fiber were all commercially available materials. The silane hydrophobic emulsion was prepared by emulsifying hexadecyltrimethoxysilane with an emulsifier and water. The nano-silica was commercially available hydrophobic fumed silica (particle size 20-40 nm, specific surface area 150-200 m²). 2 / g).
[0023] The weight parts of the formulations for each embodiment are shown in Table 1.
[0024] Example 1 A method for preparing a special putty for wood structure repair includes the following steps: A. Fresh pig blood is filtered to obtain pure plasma, which is then mixed with cooled lime milk (13% by mass). After standing and solidifying, the mixture is sealed and fermented in a constant temperature environment of 20-25℃ for 4 days to obtain highly resilient refined fermented blood material with fully denatured proteins, no fishy odor, and the ability to be drawn into threads. The mass ratio of pure plasma to lime milk is 10:1.
[0025] B. Raw material pretreatment: The graded brick ash and quicklime paste are sieved to remove slag, and the hemp fiber is cut and softened for later use. The nano silica is pre-dispersed in a portion of silane emulsion (effective content 50%, particle size 50-100nm), and ultrasonically dispersed for 5 minutes to obtain a stable nano pre-dispersion. C. Preparation of composite hydrophobic system: Mix boiled tung oil with the remaining silane hydrophobic emulsion and nano pre-dispersion at low speed of 200 r / min for 8 min, and defoam to obtain a uniform composite hydrophobic liquid; D. Base material mixing: Mix fermented blood material and quicklime paste at a medium speed of 300r / min for 5min, then add graded brick ash and hemp fiber in batches, maintaining the mixing speed, and mix for 10min to form a uniform putty base paste. E. Modification and blending: Add the composite hydrophobic liquid dropwise to the base paste, stir at 400 r / min until uniform, add water to adjust the consistency, seal and let stand at room temperature for 15 minutes to mature, and the finished product is obtained.
[0026] Example 2 A method for preparing a special putty for wood structure repair includes the following steps: A. Fresh pig blood is filtered to obtain pure plasma, which is then mixed with cooled lime milk (10% by mass). After standing and solidifying, the mixture is sealed and fermented in a constant temperature environment of 20-25℃ for 5 days to obtain highly resilient refined fermented blood material with fully denatured proteins, no fishy odor, and the ability to be drawn into threads. The mass ratio of pure plasma to lime milk is 8:1.
[0027] B. Raw material pretreatment: The graded brick ash and quicklime paste are sieved to remove slag, and the hemp fibers are sheared and softened for later use. The nano-silica is pre-dispersed in a portion of the silane emulsion (effective content 52.5%, particle size 50-100nm), and ultrasonically dispersed for 7 minutes to obtain a stable nano-predispersed liquid. C. Preparation of composite hydrophobic system: Mix boiled tung oil with the remaining silane hydrophobic emulsion and nano pre-dispersion at low speed of 250 r / min for 6 min, and defoam to obtain a uniform composite hydrophobic liquid; D. Base material mixing: Mix fermented blood material and quicklime paste at a medium speed of 350r / min for 4min, then add graded brick ash and hemp fiber in batches, maintaining the mixing speed unchanged, and mix for 9min to form a uniform putty base paste. E. Modification and blending: Add the composite hydrophobic liquid dropwise to the base paste, stir at 450 r / min until uniform, add water to adjust the consistency, seal and let stand at room temperature for 13 minutes to mature, and the finished product is obtained.
[0028] Example 3 A method for preparing a special putty for wood structure repair includes the following steps: A. Fresh pig blood is filtered to obtain pure plasma, which is then mixed with cooled lime milk (15% by mass). After standing and solidifying, it is sealed and fermented in a constant temperature environment of 20-25℃ for 6 days to obtain a highly refined fermented blood feed with fully denatured proteins, no fishy smell, and high toughness that can be drawn into threads. The mass ratio of pure plasma to lime milk is 9:1.
[0029] B. Raw material pretreatment: The graded brick ash and quicklime paste are sieved to remove slag, and the hemp fiber is cut and softened for later use. The nano silica is pre-dispersed in a portion of silane emulsion (effective content 55%, particle size 50-100nm), and ultrasonically dispersed for 10 minutes to obtain a stable nano pre-dispersion. C. Preparation of composite hydrophobic system: Mix boiled tung oil with the remaining silane hydrophobic emulsion and nano pre-dispersion at low speed of 300 r / min for 5 min, and defoam to obtain a uniform composite hydrophobic liquid; D. Base material mixing: Mix fermented blood material and quicklime paste at a medium speed of 400r / min for 3 minutes, then add graded brick ash and hemp fiber in batches, maintaining the mixing speed, and mix for 8 minutes to form a uniform putty base paste. E. Modification and blending: Add the composite hydrophobic liquid dropwise to the base paste, stir at 500 r / min until uniform, add water to adjust the consistency, seal and let stand at room temperature for 10 minutes to mature, and the finished product is obtained.
[0030] Comparative Example 1 Commercially available Hanlin water-based wood structure filler putty (model KD102) was used as a comparison, and its performance was tested against the wood structure repair putty prepared in Examples 1-3. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0031] The bonding strength, water resistance, and alkali resistance of the putty for wood structure repair of this invention are significantly improved, the water absorption rate is much lower than that of traditional materials, and the durability is excellent.
Claims
1. A hydrophobically modified putty specifically for wood structures, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 20-26 parts fermented blood, 10-15 parts quicklime paste, 40-55 parts graded brick ash, 3-6 parts saturated tung oil, 2-4 parts silane hydrophobic emulsion, 0.3-0.8 parts nano silica, 6-8 parts water, and 1-2 parts hemp fiber.
2. The hydrophobic modified wood structure putty according to claim 1, characterized in that: Graded brick ash is divided into coarse brick ash, medium brick ash, and fine brick ash, with a weight ratio of coarse brick ash: medium brick ash: fine brick ash = 1:3-3.5:5-7; coarse brick ash has a particle size of 80-100 mesh, medium brick ash has a particle size of 120-150 mesh, and fine brick ash has a particle size of 200-300 mesh.
3. The hydrophobic modified wood structure putty according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silane hydrophobic emulsion is a hexadecyltrimethoxysilane modified aqueous emulsion with an effective mass fraction of 50%–55% and a particle size of 50–100 nm.
4. The hydrophobic modified wood structure putty according to claim 1, characterized in that: Nano-silica is hydrophobic fumed silica with a particle size of 20–40 nm and a specific surface area of 150–200 m². 2 / g.
5. A method for preparing a hydrophobically modified wood structure putty according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A. Preparation of fermented blood: Fresh pig blood is filtered to obtain pure blood plasma, which is then mixed and stirred with cooled lime milk. After standing and solidifying, the mixture is placed in a constant temperature environment of 20-25℃ and sealed for fermentation for 4-6 days to obtain fermented blood. B. Raw material pretreatment: Graded brick ash and quicklime paste are sieved to remove slag, hemp fibers are cut and softened for later use, and nano-silica is pre-dispersed in part of silane hydrophobic emulsion and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a stable nano-predispersed liquid. C. Preparation of composite hydrophobic system: Boiled tung oil, the remaining silane hydrophobic emulsion, and the nano pre-dispersion are mixed at low speed and defoamed to obtain a uniform composite hydrophobic liquid; D. Base material mixing: Mix fermented blood material and quicklime paste, stir at medium speed, then add graded brick ash and hemp fiber in batches, maintaining the stirring speed, and stir to form a uniform putty base paste. E. Modification and blending: Add the composite hydrophobic liquid dropwise to the putty base paste, stir at high speed until uniform, add water to adjust the consistency, seal and let stand at room temperature to mature, and the finished product is obtained.
6. The method for preparing a hydrophobically modified wood structure putty according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step A, the mass fraction of lime milk is 10% to 15%, and the mass ratio of pure blood plasma to lime milk is 8-10:
1.
7. The method for preparing a hydrophobically modified wood structure putty according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step C, the low-speed stirring speed is 200-300 r / min, and the stirring time is 5-8 min.
8. The method for preparing a hydrophobically modified wood structure putty according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step D, the medium-speed stirring speed is 300-400 r / min, the mixing time of fermented blood material and quicklime paste is 3-5 min, and the mixing time after adding graded brick ash and hemp fiber is 8-10 min.
9. The method for preparing a hydrophobically modified wood structure putty according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step E, the high-speed stirring speed is 400-500 r / min.
10. The method for preparing a hydrophobically modified wood structure putty according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step E, the curing time is 10 to 15 minutes.