A trapping system for monitoring the sporulation and dispersal capacity of overwintering inoculum of grape pathogenic fungi

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of plant disease monitoring and early warning, and particularly relates to a trapping system for monitoring spore production and transmission capacity of grape pathogenic fungi overwintering inoculum, wherein the overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism comprises a support structure, a disease tissue placing box, a moisture retaining layer and a fixed mesh cover, the bottom of the disease tissue placing box is provided with a mesh structure, the moisture retaining layer is arranged at the bottom of the disease tissue placing box, and the fixed mesh cover is arranged along the edge; the spore trapping mechanism comprises a support column, a support mechanism and a glass slide, the glass slide is arranged on the support mechanism and located above the disease tissue placing box; the rainwater runoff transmission monitoring mechanism comprises a disease tissue bearing mesh bag, a funnel and a sample collection bottle, the disease tissue bearing mesh bag is arranged below the disease tissue placing box, the funnel is arranged below the disease tissue bearing mesh bag, and the sample collection bottle is detachably connected to the liquid outlet of the funnel. The present application can simultaneously trap pathogenic spores of multiple transmission routes and monitor the spore production capacity and transmission efficiency of pathogenic fungi overwintering inoculum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant disease monitoring, prediction and early warning technology, and in particular to a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi. Background Technology

[0002] Grapes, as an important economic fruit tree widely cultivated globally, occupy a significant economic position in the fresh consumption, winemaking, and processing industries. However, grapes are susceptible to various fungal diseases throughout their growth cycle, among which white rot, anthracnose, and black rot are the most serious. The occurrence and prevalence of these diseases have become one of the key factors restricting the healthy development of the grape industry.

[0003] In the epidemiological cycle of grape diseases, overwintering inoculum of pathogens is a key source of infection initiating the annual cycle of disease. Specifically, the aforementioned pathogens mainly overwinter as mycelium or conidiophores in diseased fruit, branches, bunches, and fallen diseased plant debris. When environmental temperature and humidity conditions are suitable the following year, the overwintering pathogens begin to produce large quantities of conidia, becoming the primary source of infection. Existing research indicates that the spread of these conidia mainly relies on the following two pathways:

[0004] Firstly, there is the spread via rain splash. Raindrops directly impact the surface of diseased tissue carrying pathogens, and the impact energy creates splash droplets containing pathogen spores. These droplets can disperse the spores into the air and spread to nearby healthy plant tissues along the splash direction, causing infection.

[0005] Secondly, the spread via rainwater runoff. Pathogenic spores accumulated on the surface of diseased tissues are washed away by rainwater and migrate with the water flow on the ground surface or plant stems, thus spreading to the soil surface or other tissue surfaces, thereby transferring the infection site.

[0006] During the aforementioned disease outbreaks, the quantity of primary infection sources (i.e., sporulation) produced by overwintering inoculum is a crucial factor determining the timing of disease occurrence, the rate of spread, and the ultimate severity of damage. Therefore, real-time and effective monitoring of the sporulation dynamics and transmission efficiency of pathogens on overwintering diseased tissues is an important technical foundation for achieving accurate prediction and forecasting of grape diseases.

[0007] Currently, the main technical means for monitoring pathogen spores include air sampler methods, slide sedimentation methods, rainwater collection methods, and laboratory culture methods. However, these existing technologies have the following significant drawbacks in practical applications: 1. Limited monitoring pathways: Existing monitoring technologies can usually only collect pathogen spores from a single transmission pathway, failing to simultaneously acquire spore dynamic information under both rain splash and runoff transmission pathways, resulting in insufficient ability to recreate the actual field transmission process. 2. Difficulty in simulating natural conditions: Existing methods often require in vitro sampling or indoor culture of diseased tissues, making it difficult to accurately and continuously reflect the sporulation rhythm and dynamic changes of overwintering diseased tissues under natural conditions. 3. Lack of spatial scale information: Existing technologies cannot simultaneously monitor the spore diffusion distribution patterns at different spatial heights (e.g., different heights of the plant canopy) during splash transmission, making it difficult to effectively analyze the spatial transmission characteristics of the disease. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention provides a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and transmission capacity of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi. The main purpose is to simultaneously capture pathogens with multiple transmission routes, monitor the sporulation capacity and transmission efficiency of overwintering inoculums of pathogenic fungi, and thus provide technical support for disease prediction, forecasting and integrated prevention and control.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] An embodiment of the present invention provides a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, comprising: an overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism, a spore capture mechanism, and a rainwater runoff spread monitoring mechanism;

[0011] The overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism includes: a support structure, a disease tissue placement box, a moisture-retaining layer, and a fixing mesh cover;

[0012] The tissue placement box is mounted on the supporting structure; the bottom of the tissue placement box has a mesh structure.

[0013] The moisturizing layer is disposed at the bottom of the tissue placement box;

[0014] The fixing mesh cover is provided along the edge of the diseased tissue placement box;

[0015] The spore-capturing mechanism includes: a support column, a support structure, and a glass slide;

[0016] The support column is fixedly mounted on the support structure;

[0017] The support mechanism is mounted on the support column and extends outward from the support column;

[0018] The glass slide is mounted on the support mechanism and supported by the support mechanism above the tissue placement box;

[0019] The rainwater runoff propagation monitoring device includes: a disease tissue-bearing mesh bag, a funnel, and a sample collection bottle;

[0020] The disease tissue carrying net bag is located below the disease tissue placement box and is used to collect disease tissue that leaks out of the disease tissue placement box;

[0021] The funnel is positioned below the diseased tissue carrying mesh bag to guide the material passing through the diseased tissue carrying mesh bag;

[0022] The sample collection bottle can be detachably connected to the outlet of the funnel.

[0023] Furthermore, there are multiple support mechanisms; the multiple support mechanisms are distributed in a ring around the support column.

[0024] Furthermore, the support mechanism is distributed in multiple layers at intervals.

[0025] Furthermore, a petrolatum adhesive layer is provided on the glass slide; the glass slide is fixed to the support mechanism by a fixing clip.

[0026] Furthermore, the support mechanism includes: a slider guide assembly, a lead screw transmission assembly, a drive motor, and a robotic arm;

[0027] The slider guide assembly can be slidably mounted on the support column;

[0028] The lead screw drive assembly is disposed inside the support column and is connected to the slider guide assembly for driving the slider guide assembly to slide up and down.

[0029] The drive motor is installed inside the support column and is used to drive the lead screw transmission assembly;

[0030] One end of the robotic arm is hinged to the slider guide assembly, and can swing up and down relative to the slider guide assembly; the angle between the robotic arm and the slider guide assembly can be locked relative to each other.

[0031] Furthermore, the robotic arm includes: support arm one and support arm two;

[0032] One end of the support arm is hinged to the slider guide assembly;

[0033] The second support arm is nested within the first support arm and is able to slide and rotate relative to the first support arm.

[0034] A locking component is provided between the second support arm and the first support arm.

[0035] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention provide a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread capabilities of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, which also includes: an environmental monitoring agency;

[0036] The environmental monitoring system includes: a support frame, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a rainfall sensor, and a data logger;

[0037] The temperature sensor is mounted on the bracket;

[0038] The humidity sensor is mounted on the bracket;

[0039] The rainfall sensor is mounted on the bracket;

[0040] The data logger is mounted on the bracket and connected to the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and rain sensor respectively, for automatically collecting and storing environmental data at preset time intervals.

[0041] Furthermore, the aperture of the fixing mesh cover is 8–10 mm.

[0042] Furthermore, the moisturizing layer is a sponge layer or a water-absorbing fiber pad.

[0043] By employing the above technical solution, the capture system of the present invention for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi has at least the following advantages:

[0044] It can simultaneously capture pathogen spores from multiple transmission routes, monitor the spore production capacity and transmission efficiency of overwintering inoculum of pathogens, and thus provide technical support for disease prediction, forecasting and integrated control.

[0045] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread of overwintering inoculum of grape pathogenic fungi, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a support mechanism in a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread of overwintering inoculum of grape pathogenic fungi, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism in a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and transmission capacity of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a robotic arm in a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread of overwintering inoculum of grape pathogenic fungi, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a rainwater runoff propagation monitoring mechanism in a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and propagation ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the setup of the overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism and the environmental monitoring mechanism in a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and transmission ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] As shown in the figure:

[0053] 1 is a simulated overwintering disease tissue mechanism, 101 is a supporting structure, 102 is a disease tissue placement box, 103 is a moisturizing layer, and 104 is a fixing net cover. 2 is a spore capture mechanism, 201 is a supporting column, 202 is a supporting mechanism, 2021 is a slider guide assembly, 2022 is a lead screw transmission assembly, 2023 is a drive motor, 2024 is a robotic arm, 20241 is a first support arm, 20242 is a second support arm, 20243 is a locking component, 203 is a glass slide, 2031 is a petroleum jelly adhesive layer, and 2032 is a fixing clamp. 3 is a rainwater runoff propagation monitoring mechanism, 301 is a funnel, 302 is a sample collection bottle, 303 is a disease tissue carrying net bag, and 4 is an environmental monitoring mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the specific embodiments, structures, features, and effects according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "embodiments" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0055] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculum of grape pathogenic fungi, comprising: an overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism 1, a three-dimensional splash spread monitoring mechanism, and a rainwater runoff spread monitoring mechanism 3; the overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism 1 comprises: a support structure 101, a disease tissue placement box 102, a moisture-retaining layer 103, and a fixing net cover 104; the support structure 101 is a frame structure; it can be formed by welding or fastening of shaped steel.

[0056] A diseased tissue placement box 102 is mounted on a support structure 101 and is used to place diseased fruits, branches, ears of fruit, and other diseased plant debris. The diseased tissue placement box 102 is fixed to the support structure 101 with fasteners and is stably supported by the support structure 101. The bottom of the diseased tissue placement box 102 has a mesh structure, which provides support for moisture retention while ensuring ventilation and drainage. A moisture-retaining layer 103 is located at the bottom of the diseased tissue placement box 102 to support the diseased tissue and retain moisture; the moisture-retaining layer 103 is made of a sponge layer or an absorbent fiber pad.

[0057] A fixing net 104 is installed along the edge of the diseased tissue placement box 102 to fix diseased fruits, branches, and spikelets, etc., as overwintering inoculum. Preferably, the aperture of the fixing net 104 is 8-10 mm.

[0058] The spore-capturing mechanism 2 includes: a support column 201, a support mechanism 202, and a glass slide 203. The support column 201 is fixedly mounted on the support structure 101 and is located at the center of the pathogen placement box 102. The support mechanism 202 is mounted on the support column 201 and extends outward from it. The glass slide 203 is mounted on the support mechanism 202 and supported above the pathogen placement box 102. The glass slides 203 are arranged in an array around the support column 201. The glass slides 203 can be supported by the support mechanism 202 to form multiple layers for collecting pathogenic spores spread by rain splash. The glass slides 203 can be divided into 10 cm, 40 cm, and 80 cm height layers according to their relative height to the pathogen placement box 102. The collection surface of the glass slide 203 can be facing downward or upward as needed.

[0059] The rainwater runoff propagation monitoring device 3 includes: a disease tissue carrying net bag 303, a funnel 301, and a sample collection bottle 302. The disease tissue carrying net bag 303 is positioned below the disease tissue placement box 102 to collect disease tissue that leaks out of the box. The funnel 301 is positioned below the disease tissue carrying net bag 303 to guide the liquid passing through it. The sample collection bottle 302 is detachably connected to the outlet of the funnel 301. During rainfall, rainwater washes away the tissue in the disease tissue placement box 102, producing disease tissue that is collected by the disease tissue carrying net bag 303. Runoff samples carrying pathogenic spores are collected through the funnel 301 and then enter the sample collection bottle 302. Rainfall can be natural or artificially simulated.

[0060] The collected samples can be tested using microscopic counting equipment, pathogen DNA extraction equipment, and real-time quantitative PCR detection equipment; and a risk assessment can be performed on the test data; the risk assessment can use a spore risk index model.

[0061] SRI = (αSa + βSr + γSqPCR) × E

[0062] Where: Sa is the amount of spores spread by rain splash; Sr is the amount of spores spread by runoff; SqPCR is the concentration of pathogen DNA; E is the environmental correction factor; α, β, and γ are weighting coefficients; the disease risk level is classified according to the SRI value to realize the risk assessment of initial infection of diseases, and to provide technical support for the prediction, forecasting and integrated control of diseases such as grape white rot, grape anthracnose and grape black rot.

[0063] An embodiment of the present invention provides a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread of overwintering inoculum of grape pathogens. This system can simulate the natural sporulation process of overwintering inoculum of pathogens and capture pathogen spores with multiple transmission pathways. It enables simultaneous monitoring of splash spread and runoff spread, and monitors the sporulation capacity and spread efficiency of overwintering inoculum of pathogens, thereby providing technical support for disease prediction, forecasting and integrated control.

[0064] Preferably, there are multiple support mechanisms 202; these multiple support mechanisms 202 are arranged in a ring around the support column 201; each support mechanism 202 can be adjusted independently as needed, making the distribution of the slides 203 more flexible. Furthermore, the support mechanisms 202 are arranged in multiple layers at intervals to allow the slides 203 to collect pathogens at different heights. A petrolatum adhesive layer 2031 is provided on the slides 203; the slides 203 are fixed to the support mechanisms 202 by clips 2032 for easy replacement of the slides 203.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the support mechanism 202 includes: a slider guide assembly 2021, a lead screw transmission assembly 2022, a drive motor 2023, and a robotic arm 2024; the slider guide assembly 2021 is slidably mounted on the support column 201; the lead screw transmission assembly 2022 is disposed within the support column 201 and is connected to the slider guide assembly 2021 for driving the slider guide assembly 2021 to slide up and down; the lead screw nut of the lead screw transmission assembly 2022 is fixedly connected to or hinged to the slider guide assembly 2021, and the slider guide assembly 2021 is driven to move up and down by rotating the lead screw. The drive motor 2023 is disposed within the support column 201 and is used to drive the lead screw transmission assembly 2022.

[0066] One end of the robotic arm 2024 is hinged to the slider guide assembly 2021, allowing it to swing up and down relative to the slider guide assembly 2021. The angle between the robotic arm 2024 and the slider guide assembly 2021 can be locked, and the tilt angle of the robotic arm 2024 can be adjusted as needed. The height and tilt angle of the robotic arm 2024 can be flexibly adjusted as required, and data from different height positions can be collected.

[0067] Further optimization, reference Figure 4The robotic arm 2024 includes: a first support arm 20241 and a second support arm 20242; one end of the first support arm 20241 is hinged to the slider guide assembly 2021; the second support arm 20242 is nested inside the first support arm 20241 and can slide and rotate relative to the first support arm 20241; a locking member 20243 is provided between the second support arm 20242 and the first support arm 20241 to allow the length of the support arm to be adjusted so as to facilitate the placement of the slide 203 at different radial positions; the slide 203 can be located at different positions above the tissue placement box 102, inside or outside the edge of the tissue placement box 102.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment of the above, refer to Figure 6 An embodiment of the present invention provides a capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread capabilities of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, further comprising: an environmental monitoring unit 4; the environmental monitoring unit 4 includes: a support frame, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a rainfall sensor, and a data logger; the temperature sensor is mounted on the support frame for collecting on-site temperature data; the humidity sensor is mounted on the support frame for collecting on-site humidity data; the rainfall sensor is mounted on the support frame for measuring rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, and the start and end times of rainfall. The data logger is mounted on the support frame and connected to the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and rainfall sensor respectively, for automatically collecting and storing environmental data at preset time intervals.

[0069] To further clarify, while the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these terms should not limit the elements. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element; these terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. This does not depart from the scope of the exemplary embodiments. Similarly, "element one," "element two," and so on do not represent the order of elements; these terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0070] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0071] All standard parts used in this invention can be purchased from the market, and irregular parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi, characterized in that, This includes: a disease overwintering tissue simulation facility, a spore capture facility, and a rainwater runoff transmission monitoring facility; The overwintering disease tissue simulation mechanism includes: a support structure, a disease tissue placement box, a moisture-retaining layer, and a fixing mesh cover; The tissue placement box is mounted on the supporting structure; the bottom of the tissue placement box has a mesh structure. The moisturizing layer is disposed at the bottom of the tissue placement box; The fixing mesh cover is provided along the edge of the diseased tissue placement box; The spore-capturing mechanism includes: a support column, a support structure, and a glass slide; The support column is fixedly mounted on the support structure; The support mechanism is mounted on the support column and extends outward from the support column; The glass slide is mounted on the support mechanism and supported by the support mechanism above the tissue placement box; The rainwater runoff propagation monitoring device includes: a disease tissue-bearing mesh bag, a funnel, and a sample collection bottle; The disease tissue carrying net bag is located below the disease tissue placement box and is used to collect disease tissue that leaks out of the disease tissue placement box; The funnel is positioned below the diseased tissue carrying mesh bag to guide the material passing through the diseased tissue carrying mesh bag; The sample collection bottle can be detachably connected to the outlet of the funnel.

2. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple support mechanisms; the multiple support mechanisms are arranged in a ring around the support column.

3. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support structure is distributed in multiple layers at intervals.

4. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass slide is provided with a petroleum jelly adhesive layer; the glass slide is fixed to the support mechanism by a fixing clip.

5. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support mechanism includes: a slider guide assembly, a lead screw transmission assembly, a drive motor, and a robotic arm; The slider guide assembly can be slidably mounted on the support column; The lead screw drive assembly is disposed inside the support column and is connected to the slider guide assembly for driving the slider guide assembly to slide up and down. The drive motor is installed inside the support column and is used to drive the lead screw transmission assembly; One end of the robotic arm is hinged to the slider guide assembly, and can swing up and down relative to the slider guide assembly; the angle between the robotic arm and the slider guide assembly can be locked relative to each other.

6. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 5, characterized in that, The robotic arm includes: support arm one and support arm two; One end of the support arm is hinged to the slider guide assembly; The second support arm is nested within the first support arm and is able to slide and rotate relative to the first support arm. A locking component is provided between the second support arm and the first support arm.

7. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, This also includes: environmental monitoring agencies; The environmental monitoring system includes: a support frame, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a rainfall sensor, and a data logger; The temperature sensor is mounted on the bracket; The humidity sensor is mounted on the bracket; The rainfall sensor is mounted on the bracket; The data logger is mounted on the bracket and connected to the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and rain sensor respectively, for automatically collecting and storing environmental data at preset time intervals.

8. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the fixing mesh cover is 8-10 mm.

9. The capture system for monitoring the sporulation and spread ability of overwintering inoculums of grape pathogenic fungi according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moisturizing layer is made of sponge or absorbent fiber pad.

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