Process and smelting assembly for pyrometallurgically smelting metal-containing feedstock, residues and / or secondary residues

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for pyrometallurgical smelting, comprising feeding metalliferous feed material, residues and / or secondary residues in comminuted form to a smelting assembly comprising a melting zone, a main reaction zone and a side reaction zone, and carrying out the smelting in the presence of oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or a mixture of gases, thereby forming a liquid melt phase, a liquid slag phase and a gas phase, and to a smelting assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application No. 202180080532.9, filed on November 30, 2021, and published on August 8, 2023. The parent application is the Chinese national phase application of PCT international application PCT / EP2021 / 083555, which claims priority to German patent application 102020215140.7, with a priority date of December 1, 2020.

[0002] The present invention relates to a method and a smelting assembly for pyrometallurgically smelting metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues in the presence of oxidizing gases, reducing gases and / or inert gases. Background Technology

[0003] Methods for pyrometallurgically smelting metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues, as well as corresponding smelting assemblies, are generally known from the prior art. For example, patent document WO 91 / 05214 discloses a TSL (top immersion jet) system and a method for supplying fluid, such as oxygen, into a pyrometallurgical melt.

[0004] European Patent EP 0 723 129 B1 discloses a method for melting scrap, mixtures containing scrap and cast iron, and mixtures containing scrap and sponge iron in an arc furnace. In the furnace, blast nozzles arranged at the bottom of the furnace are used to apply a pressure of up to 10 bar and maintain a temperature of 168 Nm. 3 / h to 360Nm 3 Oxidizing gas is supplied at a flow rate within the range of / h. Furthermore, oxygen is supplied to the molten pool using a supersonic lance, which operates directly above the surface of the molten metal and thus within the slag phase. The supersonic lance introduces oxygen into the molten pool at an angle of 40° to 50° to the horizontal plane.

[0005] Furthermore, Chinese patent application CN 104928493 A discloses a method for recovering metal from secondary materials using a smelting reactor. The smelting reactor has a circular chamber defined by a coolable reactor wall. Within the reactor wall, multiple oxygen lances are arranged at an angle of 5° to 60° to the horizontal plane and offset from the center of the chamber below the slag opening, thereby enabling direct injection of oxygen into the melt and allowing the melt within the circular chamber to rotate.

[0006] Because the lance comes into direct contact with the molten metal, existing lances suffer severe wear and tear due to the extremely harsh conditions. Therefore, the industry still hopes to improve this method and the corresponding melting assembly. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a smelting assembly that overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0008] According to the present invention, this objective is achieved by a method for pyrometallurgical smelting and a smelting assembly for pyrometallurgically smelting metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues in the presence of oxidizing gases, reducing gases and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures.

[0009] According to the method of the present invention for pyrometallurgically smelting metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues, these metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues are fed in pulverized form to a smelting assembly comprising a melting zone, a main reaction zone and a secondary reaction zone, and are smelted in the presence of oxidizing gases, reducing gases and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures, thereby forming a liquid melt phase, a liquid slag phase and a gas phase. According to a method for pyrometallurgical smelting according to the invention, oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or a mixture of gases are blown into a liquid slag phase by at least one injector, the at least one injector being arranged in a smelting assembly above the liquid slag phase and not in contact with it, and the at least one injector being oriented at an angle of 5° to 85°, more preferably 25° to 75°, or even more preferably 35° to 70° relative to a horizontal plane, and tangentially arranged to an imaginary flow ring, the diameter of which is equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone, wherein vortices are formed in the main reaction zone and the secondary reaction zone. According to a method for pyrometallurgical smelting according to the invention, the smelting assembly further includes a hollow column, a hollow cone, or a hollow cuboid, wherein the height of the hollow cuboid is greater than its length and width; wherein the oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture are blown into the liquid slag phase through at least one injector, the at least one injector being arranged in the smelting assembly above the liquid slag phase and not in contact with the liquid slag phase, and at an angle of 5° to 85° relative to the horizontal plane.

[0010] Similarly, the present invention provides a pyrometallurgical smelting assembly suitable for smelting metallic raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues in the presence of oxidizing gases, reducing gases and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures, the smelting assembly having a melting zone, a main reaction zone and a secondary reaction zone defined by a reactor wall, and at least one injector arranged in the reactor wall.

[0011] The smelting assembly is characterized in that at least one injector is arranged in the sub-reaction zone and oriented at an angle of 5° to 85°, preferably 15° to 80°, more preferably 25° to 75°, and even more preferably 35° to 70° relative to the horizontal plane, so that oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures located above the liquid slag phase can be blown into the slag phase, and is arranged tangentially to an imaginary flow ring, the diameter of which is equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone, thereby allowing the oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures to be blown into the liquid slag phase from above and forming vortices in the liquid slag phase. Furthermore, the at least one injector extends into a cooled port within the reactor wall.

[0012] According to the present invention, oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures are therefore blown into, or can be blown into, the liquid slag phase via at least one injector arranged above the bath level of the liquid slag phase and oriented at a specific angle relative to the horizontal plane. This injection of oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures induces strong turbulence in the liquid slag phase, causing the slag phase to splash onto the gas phase disposed above the liquid melt phase and located in the sub-reaction zone. Unexpectedly, it is shown here that this results in a surface area at least 5 times larger, preferably at least 6 times larger, more preferably at least 7 times larger, and most preferably at least 8 times larger than the liquid melt phase, which creates particularly strong contact with the gas phase disposed above the liquid melt phase and located in the sub-reaction zone, and enhances mass and energy transfer. By arranging at least one injector at a specific angle to the horizontal plane, the liquid slag phase is also in a state of rotation, thereby creating vortices in both the main and secondary reaction zones. These vortices further support turbulence. This creates a maximum turbulent environment within the smelting assembly, ensuring a particularly efficient smelting reaction.

[0013] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. Features listed separately in the dependent claims can be combined with each other in a technically meaningful manner and can define other embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the features given in the claims are further described and explained in the specification, which also shows other preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0014] The term "non-contact" in the context of this invention should be understood as meaning that the at least one injector does not continuously contact the liquid slag phase not only during the injection process but also in the intermediate process steps, but rather maintains a specific distance from it, and is positioned above the bath level throughout the process. Oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures can be injected into the smelting assembly through the at least one injector. Temporary contact between individual droplets of the liquid slag phase and / or liquid melt phase is excluded; such contact occurs during the process due to strong turbulence and is therefore unavoidable.

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, the term "sprayer" is understood in the sense of the present invention as a spray gun or nozzle formed essentially of a hollow cylindrical element.

[0016] In the context of this invention, the term "melting assembly" is understood to refer to a conventional molten pool melting assembly comprising a hollow column, hollow cone, or hollow cuboid disposed on a circular or angular base surface, wherein the height of the hollow column, hollow cone, or hollow cuboid is a multiple of its length and width. Therefore, it is preferably specified that the main reaction zone of the melting assembly, arranged above the melting zone, has a substantially circular and / or elliptical cross-section.

[0017] Other melting assemblies known to those skilled in the art from the prior art, such as electric arc furnaces (EAF), submerged arc furnaces (SAF), or induction furnaces (IF), are not included in this invention.

[0018] Advantageously, at least one injector capable of blowing oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixtures into the liquid slag phase without contact is provided with respect to a minimum distance of 0.10 m, preferably 0.15 m, more preferably 0.20 m, even more preferably 0.25 m, and most preferably 0.30 m from the injector tip relative to the surface of the liquid slag phase. In addition to the already explained agitation effect and the turbulent mixing of the liquid slag phase with the adjacent gas phase, which induces particularly effective smelting reactions, the arrangement of the injector spaced apart from the liquid slag phase significantly reduces injector wear. This also effectively prevents injector clogging, which in known solutions requires a great deal of costly maintenance.

[0019] However, at least one injector that blows oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixtures into the liquid slag phase without contact should not exceed the maximum distance from the surface of the liquid slag phase. Therefore, it is advantageously specified that the maximum distance between the at least one injector and the surface of the liquid slag phase, with reference to the injector tip, is 2.50 m, preferably 2.0 m, more preferably 1.50 m, even more preferably 1.0 m, and most preferably 0.80 m.

[0020] It is noted in this document that the bath level (Badstand) of the liquid slag phase does not have a static bath level or slag level (Schlackenspiegel) throughout the process, but rather can vary due to different process stages. Therefore, it is particularly preferred that oxidizing gases, reducing gases and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures be blown into the liquid slag phase without contact, wherein at least one injector is positioned in the melting assembly in such a way that a distance from the surface of the liquid slag phase is in the range of 0.30 m to 2.0 m, very particularly preferably in the range of 0.50 m to 1.70 m.

[0021] Oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture are preferably blown into the liquid slag phase in such a manner that the gas penetrates into the slag phase to a minimum depth of 1 / 4, preferably 1 / 3, more preferably 2 / 4, even more preferably 2 / 3, and most preferably 3 / 4. The penetration depth can be adjusted by specifically regulating the velocity and gas flow pulse of the injected oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture, thereby achieving penetration into the liquid melt phase when necessary and depending on both parameters. Therefore, if necessary, the metal-containing melt phase disposed below the liquid slag phase can also be operated. Furthermore, the gas jet can briefly tear open cavities in the liquid slag phase, into which metal-containing raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues are drawn and better decomposed within the slag phase.

[0022] In an advantageous implementation variant, the oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture blown into the slag phase through the at least one injector can be blown in at a speed of at least 50 m / s, preferably at least 100 m / s, more preferably at least 150 m / s, even more preferably at least 200 m / s, further more preferably at least 250 m / s, and most preferably at least 300 m / s, wherein the speed values ​​mentioned herein are the exit speeds of the corresponding gases when they leave the injector, i.e., at the tip of the injector.

[0023] The maximum speed is preferably specified as follows: the oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture is blown into the liquid slag phase at a maximum speed of 1000 m / s, more preferably at a maximum speed of 800 m / s, even more preferably at a maximum speed of 600 m / s, further preferably at a maximum speed of 550 m / s, and most preferably at a maximum speed of 450 m / s.

[0024] In this regard, it is particularly preferred that the at least one injector comprises a Laval nozzle through which oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixtures are blown into the liquid slag phase. The Laval nozzle is characterized by comprising a contraction section and a divergence section, which are adjacent to each other at the nozzle throat. The radius of the narrowest cross-section, the outlet radius, and the nozzle length can vary depending on the specific design. Such a Laval nozzle is known from publication DE 10 2011 002616 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference and represents part of the disclosure of this invention.

[0025] In another advantageous embodiment, the Laval nozzle additionally has a coaxial nozzle or annular gap nozzle through which a second oxidizing gas, a second reducing gas, and / or a second inert gas and / or gas mixture are atomized onto the slag phase. While the first oxidizing gas, the first reducing gas, and / or the first inert gas and / or gas mixture are blown into the liquid slag phase by means of an injector preferably including a supersonic Laval nozzle, thereby allowing the gas to penetrate the slag phase, the second oxidizing gas, the second reducing gas, and / or the second inert gas and / or gas mixture are atomized onto the slag phase only through the annular gap nozzle without penetrating the slag phase. Therefore, the second oxidizing gas, the second reducing gas, and / or the second inert gas and / or gas mixture are referred to as "coating gas" within the meaning of this invention, while the first oxidizing gas, the first reducing gas, and / or the first inert gas and / or gas mixture are hereinafter referred to as "reacting gas".

[0026] The first oxidizing gas and / or the second oxidizing gas and / or gas mixture are preferably selected from a series including oxygen, air, and / or oxygen-enriched air. The first reducing gas and / or the second reducing gas and / or gas mixture are preferably selected from a series including natural gas (especially methane), carbon monoxide, water vapor, hydrogen (especially green hydrogen), and / or gas mixtures thereof. The first inert gas and / or the second inert gas and / or gas mixture are preferably selected from a series including nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and / or gas mixtures thereof.

[0027] The term "green hydrogen" in the sense of this invention should be understood as hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, wherein the electricity required for electrolysis comes from renewable energy sources such as wind, hydropower and / or the sun.

[0028] The possibility of supplying reactive coating gases and / or inert coating gases and / or mixtures of coating gases into the smelting assembly, in addition to the reactant gases, advantageously allows for control of chemical potential and regulation of oxygen partial pressure in both the liquid slag phase and the gas phase. The chemical potential in the gas phase is thus formed by gases escaping from the metal-containing raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues to be smelted during the reaction, reactant gases introduced via injectors, reactant gas bubbles generated thereby in the liquid melt and slag phases, and the supplied coating gases.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the reactive gas blown into the liquid slag phase can be kept constant, while the composition of the coating gas can be selectively changed according to the requirements of optimal control of the chemical potential energy of the gas environment.

[0030] In addition and / or alternatively, in another preferred embodiment, the composition of the coating gas blown onto the slag phase can be kept constant, while the composition of the reactant gas or reactant gas mixture supplied to the liquid slag phase can be selectively changed according to the requirements of optimal control of the chemical potential energy of the gas environment.

[0031] The preferred flow rate for blowing the reactant gas into the liquid slag phase is at least 300 Nm. 3 / h, preferably at least 350Nm 3 / h, more preferably at least 400 Nm 3 / h, or more preferably at least 450 Nm 3 / h and most preferably at least 500 Nm 3 / h. Since the flow rate is a variable that depends on the reference value, it can also be larger depending on the assembly size.

[0032] As described above, arranging the at least one injector at a specific angle to the horizontal plane will place the liquid melt phase in a state of rotation, thereby forming vortices in the main reaction zone and the secondary reaction zone. In order to achieve particularly effective vortices in the liquid slag phase, and also to achieve vortices that are advantageous for the addition of crushed metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues, it is preferably specified that the reaction gas is blown tangentially into the slag phase through the at least one injector into an imaginary flow ring, wherein the diameter of the flow ring is equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone, even more preferably 0.2 to 0.7 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone, and most preferably 0.2 to 0.6 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone. Advantageously, it has been shown that at a specific rotational speed of the liquid slag phase, a vortex can be formed in the center of the slag phase, through which pulverized metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues can be directly introduced into the liquid melt phase and / or at least directly received by the liquid slag phase, thereby enabling more rapid decomposition in the process. Unlike processes known in the prior art, the decomposition process occurs in the desired main reaction zone, i.e., the liquid slag phase, rather than on its surface.

[0033] Therefore, in a particularly advantageous implementation variant, it is specified that the metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues are selectively fed into the center of the slag phase through an opening in the smelting assembly located above the liquid slag phase.

[0034] The above-mentioned effect is particularly advantageous if the reactive gas is blown into the liquid slag phase by at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least four, and most preferably at least five injectors arranged in the wall of the melting assembly, wherein, particularly preferably, a plurality of injectors are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the melting assembly.

[0035] Additionally and / or alternatively, pulverized and / or, if necessary, powdered metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues can be added to the liquid slag phase by at least one, preferably at least two, and more preferably at least three spray guns arranged in the region of the at least one injector. The pulverized and / or, if necessary, powdered material can be directly blown into the liquid slag phase, more preferably directly into cavities created within the liquid slag phase by the at least one injector, and / or directly into the gas jet of the injector, thereby allowing the pulverized and / or, if necessary, powdered metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues to subsequently enter the liquid slag phase. This enables the efficient conversion of these raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues with minimal loss. Particularly efficient conversion is achieved when the material has an average particle size of 0.01 mm to 5.0 mm, preferably less than 3.5 mm, and more preferably less than 3.0 mm.

[0036] In another preferred embodiment, the reactive gas blown into the slag phase by at least one injector can be pulsating.

[0037] Metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues used in current smelting processes, if containing a significant proportion of hydrocarbons, may have high energy content, necessitating intense cooling of the smelting process. Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures are supplied in a compressed manner by at least one injector and adiabatically expanded within the smelting assembly, subsequently being blown into the liquid slag phase as the adiabatically expanded gas and / or gas mixture. The adiabatically expansion of the oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures, or reactant gases, generates a direct cooling effect within the smelting assembly, allowing for targeted control of the process's energy / heat balance. Thus, the adiabatic expansion of the reactant gases can be adjusted by modifying the pressure, flow, and / or the nozzle geometry of the injector, preferably including a Laval nozzle, thereby achieving at least 10 J / Nm³. 3 More preferably at least 100 J / Nm 3 More preferably at least 1.0 kJ / Nm 3 The most preferred value is at least 5.0 kJ / Nm 3 The cooling effect.

[0038] Regarding the power values, it should be noted that the power values ​​mentioned here are for standard cubic meters (Nm³) according to DIN 1343:1990-01. 3 ) power.

[0039] The maximum achievable cooling effect is theoretically limited by the Joule-Thompson effect. Therefore, the adiabatic expansion of the reactant gas can be adjusted by modifying the pressure, flow, and / or the geometry of the ejector, preferably including a Laval nozzle, to achieve a maximum of 100 kJ / Nm³. 3 More preferably, a maximum of 90 kJ / Nm 3 Even more preferably, a maximum of 80 kJ / Nm 3 The optimal value is a maximum of 70 kJ / Nm³. 3 The cooling effect.

[0040] It should be noted that the cooling effect given here can only be achieved by gases and / or gas mixtures with a positive Joule-Thompson coefficient μ.

[0041] Furthermore, it has been advantageously demonstrated that the adiabatic expansion of the reacting gases within the smelting assembly can further increase the formation of a dedicated large surface area of ​​the liquid slag phase, which ultimately leads to particularly intense contact with the surrounding gaseous environment and intensifies the chemical reaction and enhances its conversion.

[0042] By utilizing the direct cooling within the melting assembly using the reactant gases, which are thus also used as a cooling medium, external cooling measures can be advantageously extended, typically implemented through the use of cooling plates and / or cooling channels. This significantly simplifies and improves overall cooling management. Furthermore, direct cooling can extend the service life of the refractory lining of the melting assembly, which has a beneficial impact on the operational economy of the melting assembly.

[0043] The method according to the invention is primarily used for pyrometallurgical smelting of metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues. Specifically, this refers to raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues containing antimony, bismuth, lead, iron, gallium, gold, indium, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, silver, zinc, and / or tin, especially waste containing organic matter.

[0044] In the context of this invention, waste containing organic matter is any waste containing organic components. Preferred waste containing organic matter is selected from a series including electronic waste, automotive scrap and / or transformer scrap, particularly scrap light components.

[0045] The term "electronic waste" in the context of this invention should be understood as used electronic equipment as defined in EU Standard 2002 / 96 / EC. This standard covers equipment categories including: large appliances; small appliances; IT and telecommunications equipment; consumer electronics; lighting fixtures; electrical and electronic tools (excluding stationary large industrial tools); electric toys and electric sports and leisure equipment; medical devices (excluding all implantable and infectious products); monitoring and control instruments; and automatic dispensers. See Annex IB of the Directive for details on individual products belonging to the respective equipment categories.

[0046] On another aspect, the present invention also relates to a method for pyrometallurgically smelting metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues, wherein these raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues are supplied in pulverized form to a smelting assembly comprising a melting zone, a main reaction zone, and a secondary reaction zone, and are smelted in the presence of oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures to form a liquid melt phase, a liquid slag phase, and a gas phase, wherein the oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures are supplied in a compressed manner through at least one injector and adiabatically expanded within the smelting assembly, and subsequently blown into the liquid slag phase as adiabatically expanded gas and / or gas mixture, thereby preferably achieving at least 10 J / Nm³. 3 The cooling effect. Attached Figure Description

[0047] The invention and its technical field are further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, certain aspects of the facts explained in the drawings may be extracted and combined with other components and understandings in this specification and / or the drawings. It should be particularly noted that the drawings, and especially the dimensions shown, are merely illustrative. The same reference numerals denote the same objects, and therefore explanations from other drawings may be used as supplementary information where necessary. Wherein:

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the melting assembly according to the invention is shown; and

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the melting assembly according to the cutting line AA is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0050] exist Figure 1The diagram shows a schematic representation of a variant of the smelting assembly 1 according to the present invention, which is used for pyrometallurgically smelting metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues, hereinafter referred to as the material M to be smelted, in the presence of oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture G. The oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture G are hereinafter referred to as the reactive gas G.

[0051] The melting assembly 1 shown here is in the form of a conventional molten pool melting assembly (Badschmelzaggregat), which includes a base surface 2 and a reactor wall 3 extending vertically from the base surface 2 and being substantially cylindrical, having a first conical region 4 and a second conical region 5. The melting assembly 1 includes a melting zone 6, a main reaction zone 7, and a secondary reaction zone 8.

[0052] The first conical region 4 of the melting assembly 1 includes a melting zone 6 and a main reaction zone 7. The secondary reaction zone 8 extends above the main reaction zone 7.

[0053] In the first conical region 4, the pulverized material M to be melted is melted in the presence of reactive gas G, thereby forming a liquid melt phase 9 and a liquid slag phase 10.

[0054] from Figure 1 As can be seen from the diagram, the reactive gas G is blown into the melting assembly 1 via injectors 11 arranged in the reactor wall 3. The injectors 11 are arranged in an annular element 12 between the first conical region 4 and the second conical region 5, which includes specially designed water-cooled ports 13 in which the injectors 11 are positioned accordingly.

[0055] In the currently shown embodiment, the reactant gas G is blown into the slag phase 10 via an injector 11 arranged above the liquid slag phase 10 in the melting assembly 1, more specifically in the sub-reaction zone 8. As can be seen from the figure, the injector 11 is oriented at a specific angle and arranged above the liquid slag phase 10. This angle can, for example, range from 5° to 85° relative to the horizontal plane H.

[0056] Each injector 11 has a Laval nozzle 14 through which the reactant gas G can be supersonically blown into the slag phase 10. Furthermore, the reactant gas G is compressed and supplied to the smelting assembly 1 through injectors 11, which preferably include Laval nozzles 14, and adiabatically expanded within the smelting assembly 1. It is then blown into the liquid slag phase 10 as adiabatically expanded reactant gas, particularly preferably allowing heat suitable for the process to be extracted during the exothermic reaction.

[0057] Each injector 11 also includes a coaxial nozzle 15 on its outer side, through which a coated gas (not shown) can be blown onto the liquid slag phase 10.

[0058] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the smelting assembly 1 according to the section line AA is shown. Here, three injectors 11 arranged equidistantly from each other can be seen, which blow the reactive gas G tangentially into the slag phase through an imaginary flow ring 16, wherein the diameter of the flow ring 16 is equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone 7.

[0059] The material M to be melted can be fed into the center of the melting assembly 1 through the opening 17 arranged above the slag phase 10. Alternatively or additionally, the material can also be added to the liquid slag phase 10 through the spray gun 18 arranged in the area of ​​the injector 11. List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Smelting Assembly 2 Base plane 3. Reactor wall 4 First cone-shaped region 5. Second cone-shaped region 6 Melting Zone 7 Main Reaction Zone 8. Side reaction zone 9 Melt Phase 10 Slag Phase 11 Injectors 12 Ring elements Port 13 14 Laval nozzle 15 coaxial nozzles 16. Imaginary Flowing Ring 17 Opening / Filling System 18 Spray guns M Materials awaiting smelting H horizontal plane G Reaction Gas

Claims

1. A method for pyrometallurgical smelting, the method comprising: Metal-containing raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues (M) are fed into a smelting assembly (1) in pulverized form, the smelting assembly comprising: Melting zone (6); Main reaction zone (7); and Side reaction zone (8), and Melting is carried out in the presence of oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) to form: Liquid melt phase (9); Liquid slag phase (10); and Gas phase, The oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) are blown into the liquid slag phase (10) through at least one injector (11). The at least one injector is arranged in the smelting assembly (1) above the liquid slag phase (10) and does not contact the liquid slag phase. It is arranged at an angle of 5° to 85° relative to the horizontal plane and tangentially to an imaginary flow ring (16). The diameter of the flow ring is equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone. Vortexes are formed in the main reaction zone (7) and the sub-reaction zone (8).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The minimum distance between the at least one injector (11) and the surface of the slag phase (10) is 0.30 m, and the oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) are blown into the liquid slag phase (10) through the at least one injector.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) are blown into the liquid slag phase (10) through at least one injector (10) at a speed of at least 50 m / s.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one injector (11) includes: A Laval nozzle (14) through which the oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) is blown into the liquid slag phase (10), and A coaxial nozzle (15) blows a second oxidizing gas, a second reducing gas and / or a second inert gas and / or a gas mixture (G) onto the liquid slag phase (10).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, With at least 500 Nm 3 A flow rate of / h blows the oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) into the slag phase (10).

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The main reaction zone (7) of the melting assembly (1) arranged above the melting zone (6) has a substantially circular and / or elliptical cross-section.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) blown into the liquid slag phase (10) through the at least one injector (11) is pulsating.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein for the oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G): Oxidizing gases and / or gas mixtures (G) are selected from a series including oxygen, air and / or oxygen-enriched air; The reducing gas and / or gas mixture (G) is selected from a series including natural gas, methane, carbon monoxide, water vapor, hydrogen, and gaseous mixtures thereof; and Inert gases and / or gas mixtures are selected from a series including nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and their gas mixtures.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The oxidizing gas, reducing gas, and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G): The gas is supplied in a compressed manner through the at least one injector (11); The gas is adiabatically expanded within the smelting assembly (1); and subsequently, as adiabatically expanded gas and / or gas mixture, it is blown into the liquid slag phase (10), thereby achieving a smelting efficiency of 10 J / Nm³. 3 Up to 100kJ / Nm 3 Cooling effect within the range.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues (M) are fed into the center of the liquid slag phase (10) through an opening (17) arranged above the liquid slag phase (10).

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues (M) are blown into the liquid slag phase (10) by at least one spray gun (18) arranged in the wall (3) of the smelting assembly (1).

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The at least one spray gun (18) is arranged in the area of ​​the at least one sprayer (11).

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The smelting assembly (1) is not selected from the series including electric arc furnace (EAF), submerged arc furnace (SAF) and induction furnace (IF).

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method also includes: The liquid slag phase (10) is placed in a state of rotation, thereby forming a central vortex in the eddy; and The metal-containing raw materials, residues and / or secondary residues (M) are directly fed into the liquid melt phase via the central vortex.

15. A method for pyrometallurgical smelting, the method comprising: Metal-containing raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues (M) are fed into a smelting assembly (1) in pulverized form, the smelting assembly comprising: Melting zone (6); Main reaction zone (7); and Side reaction zone (8), and Melting is carried out in the presence of oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) to form: Liquid melt phase (9); Liquid slag phase (10); and Gas phase, The smelting assembly (1) further includes a hollow column, a hollow cone or a hollow cuboid, wherein the height of the hollow cuboid is greater than its length and width; The oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture (G) are blown into the liquid slag phase (10) through at least one injector (11), the at least one injector being arranged in the smelting assembly (1) above the liquid slag phase (10) and not in contact with the liquid slag phase, and at an angle of 5° to 85° relative to the horizontal plane.

16. A pyrometallurgical smelting assembly (1) for pyrometallurgically smelting metallic raw materials, residues, and / or secondary residues (M) in the presence of oxidizing gases, reducing gases, and / or inert gases and / or gas mixtures (G), said smelting assembly comprising: The melting zone (6) is defined by the reactor wall (3); Main reaction zone (7); Side reaction zone (8); as well as At least one ejector (11) is arranged in the reactor wall (3). The at least one injector (11) is arranged in the sub-reaction zone (8) and oriented at an angle of 5° to 85° relative to the horizontal plane and tangentially arranged to an imaginary flow ring (16) with a diameter equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 times the inner diameter of the main reaction zone, thereby enabling the oxidizing gas, reducing gas and / or inert gas and / or gas mixture to be blown from above into the liquid slag phase (10) through (G) and forming a vortex in the liquid slag phase (10).

17. The smelting assembly (1) according to claim 16, wherein, The at least one injector (11) is introduced into a cooled port (13) inside the reactor wall (3).

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