Cathode assembly structure for aluminum electrolytic cell and manufacturing method thereof, and aluminum electrolytic device

Abstract

The application discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure and a manufacturing method thereof and an aluminum electrolysis device, and relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis. The aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure comprises a cathode carbon block, a containing groove is formed in the cathode carbon block and penetrates in a first direction; two cathode steel rods are arranged in the containing groove and are spaced apart in the first direction; the ends of the two cathode steel rods, which are opposite to each other, extend to the outside of the containing groove; a first insulating piece is arranged between the two cathode steel rods; and a second insulating piece is arranged between the end of the cathode steel rod, which is close to the cathode carbon block, and the containing groove in the first direction. The application provides an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure and a manufacturing method thereof, an insulating structure is additionally arranged in the original continuous conductive medium in the cathode region, so that the circulation path of the horizontal current is cut off, and the generation of the horizontal current is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology, and in particular to an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure and its manufacturing method, and an aluminum electrolysis device. Background Technology

[0002] The cathode of an aluminum electrolytic cell is a core component in aluminum electrolytic production. The assembly structure of the cathode steel rod and cathode carbon block directly affects the current distribution, current efficiency, production energy consumption, and service life of the electrolytic cell. In the existing assembly structure, continuous conductive paths are formed between the cathode steel rods and between the cathode steel rod and the cathode carbon block, which will generate a large amount of horizontal current in the cathode area. This will aggravate the fluctuation of aluminum liquid in the cell, resulting in a decrease in current efficiency and an increase in DC power consumption. At the same time, it will accelerate the corrosion and damage of the cathode carbon block, and significantly shorten the overall service life of the electrolytic cell. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes an aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure and its manufacturing method, which adds an insulating structure to the original continuous conductive medium in the cathode region, thereby cutting off the flow path of horizontal current and reducing the generation of horizontal current.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising: a cathode carbon block having a receiving groove extending through a first direction; cathode steel rods having two cathode steel rods spaced apart along the first direction within the receiving groove, with the opposite ends of the two cathode steel rods extending out of the receiving groove; a first insulating member having a first insulating member between the two cathode steel rods; and a second insulating member having a second insulating member having a second insulating member between the end of the cathode steel rod near the cathode carbon block in the first direction and the receiving groove.

[0005] In some embodiments, the second insulating member extends along a first direction, and the cross-section of the second insulating member is U-shaped and covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the cathode steel rod.

[0006] In some embodiments, the end of the second insulating member in the first direction is flush with the end face of the cathode carbon block in the first direction.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cathode assembly structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell further includes: a conductor, wherein the portion of the cathode steel rod located in the receiving tank includes a first segment and a second segment connected sequentially along a first direction, the conductor is provided between the first segment and the tank wall of the receiving tank, an insulating member is provided between the second segment and the inner wall of the receiving tank, and the second segment is located at the end of the first segment away from the other cathode steel rod.

[0008] In some embodiments, the receiving tank has a slot on the first surface of the cathode carbon block, and the surfaces of the second insulating member and the cathode steel rod facing away from the bottom of the receiving tank are flush with the first surface.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cathode carbon block has a plurality of receiving grooves spaced apart along a second direction, wherein the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0010] A second aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising: placing a support member in a receiving tank; placing two cathode steel rods into the receiving tank and spacing them from the inner wall of the receiving tank; placing removable spacer material in a designated area of ​​the receiving tank to define a conductive casting space between the removable spacer material, the cathode steel rods, and the inner wall of the receiving tank; pouring molten pig iron into the conductive casting space; fixing the cathode steel rods after the molten pig iron cools, removing the spacer material to form an insulating casting space; pouring insulating casting material into the reserved insulating casting space and curing it to form a first insulating element and a second insulating element.

[0011] In some embodiments, the support is a conductive refractory pad, and the sum of the thickness of the support and the thickness of the cathode steel rod in the depth direction of the receiving groove is the same as the depth of the receiving groove.

[0012] In some embodiments, the removable placeholder material includes a first placeholder material and two second placeholder materials. Placing the removable placeholder material in a designated area of ​​the receiving slot specifically includes: placing the first placeholder material in the middle of the receiving slot in a first direction, and placing the two second placeholder materials at both ends of the receiving slot.

[0013] A third aspect of this application provides an aluminum electrolysis apparatus, comprising: an anode structure; an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure, wherein a cathode carbon block is located below the anode structure, and an electrolyte layer and an aluminum liquid layer are provided between the anode structure and the cathode carbon block; and a cover layer, which fills the gap between the anode structure and the side wall of the electrolysis cell and is located above the electrolyte layer.

[0014] This application utilizes insulating components between two cathode steel rods and between the outer surface of the cathode steel rods near their ends and the inner wall of the receiving tank. After the current flows vertically downwards from the anode through the electrolyte layer and the aluminum liquid layer into the cathode carbon block, a first insulating component is provided between the two cathode steel rods, and a second insulating component is provided between the outer circumferential surfaces of the opposing ends of the two cathode steel rods and the inner wall of the receiving tank. The high resistance of these insulating components blocks the horizontal conductive path between the two cathode steel rods and part of the path between the cathode steel rods and the cathode carbon block. The current, originally flowing vertically downwards from the anode into the cathode carbon block, tends to diffuse laterally into the gap between the two cathode steel rods and the area between the ends of the cathode steel rods and the cathode carbon block after reaching the cathode region due to the continuous horizontal conductive path. With the first and second insulating components, this application partially blocks the horizontal conductive path, suppressing the lateral flow of current and forcing it to concentrate in the conductive section of the cathode steel rod and flow in a direction closer to perpendicular to the bottom surface of the cathode carbon block. This increases the slope of the current flow, reduces the horizontal component of the current, and effectively lowers the horizontal current density. The significant reduction in horizontal current significantly weakens the electromagnetic driving force on the molten aluminum in the tank, resulting in a marked decrease in the amplitude of aluminum molten fluctuations and enhanced stability of the aluminum molten interface. This effectively avoids the problem of reduced current efficiency caused by aluminum molten fluctuations. Simultaneously, the reduction in horizontal current also reduces the electrochemical corrosion and aluminum molten scouring intensity experienced by the cathode carbon block, slowing down the corrosion and breakage rate of the cathode carbon block and extending the overall service life of the electrolytic cell. Experimental results show that, with the assembly structure of this invention, the horizontal current density in the cathode region is reduced by 10%–20% compared to the traditional casting process, significantly reducing aluminum molten fluctuations and localized overheating caused by horizontal current, and significantly improving the operational stability of the electrolytic cell. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of this application from a first angle; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell provided in an embodiment of this application from a second angle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of an aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for manufacturing an aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure provided in this application embodiment.

[0016] Figure label: 1. Aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure; 11. Cathode carbon block; 111. Receiving tank; 112. First surface; 12. Cathode steel rod; 13. Conductor; 14. Support; 15. First spacer material; 16. Second spacer material; 17. First insulating component; 18. Second insulating component; 2. Aluminum liquid layer; 3. Covering material layer; 4. Electrolyte layer; 5. Anode structure; X, First direction; Y, Second direction; α, Current flow path. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0021] In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0022] In the description of this application, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact through another feature between them.

[0023] In the description of this application, the terms "above," "over," and "on top" for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0025] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0026] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a first aspect of this application provides a cathode assembly structure 1 for an aluminum electrolytic cell. The cathode assembly structure 1 may include: a cathode carbon block 11, a cathode steel rod 12, a first insulating member 17, and a second insulating member 18. The cathode carbon block 11 may have a receiving groove 111 extending through a first direction X; two cathode steel rods 12 are provided in the receiving groove 111 and spaced apart along the first direction X, with the opposite ends of the two cathode steel rods 12 extending out of the receiving groove 111; the first insulating member 17 is provided between the two cathode steel rods 12; and the second insulating member 18 is provided between the end of the cathode steel rod 12 near the cathode carbon block 11 in the first direction X and the receiving groove 111.

[0027] In one possible scenario, the first direction X can refer to the extension direction of the receiving groove 111 on the cathode carbon block 11, i.e., the length direction of the cathode carbon block 11. The second direction Y can refer to the direction intersecting with the first direction X. The second direction Y can be perpendicular to the first direction X and can be the width direction of the cathode carbon block 11. The cathode carbon block 11 can be a cuboid or other shapes can be selected according to actual needs. The cathode carbon block 11 can be made from carbonaceous raw materials such as bituminous coal and petroleum coke through high-temperature roasting, and has good conductivity, high-temperature resistance, and resistance to electrolyte corrosion. A receiving groove 111 extending along the first direction X can be formed on the cathode carbon block 11. The cross-section of the receiving groove 111 can be rectangular to accommodate the cathode steel rod 12 and related insulating components.

[0028] The receiving groove 111 may contain two cathode steel rods 12 spaced apart along the first direction X. Both cathode steel rods 12 may be rectangular elongated conductive steel components, made of carbon structural steel or low-alloy steel, possessing good conductivity and mechanical strength. The opposite ends of the two cathode steel rods 12 may extend beyond the receiving groove 111, with the protruding portions used for electrical connection to an external busbar. A certain distance may be maintained between the two cathode steel rods 12, and this distance is used to install the first insulating element 17. The cross-sectional dimensions of the cathode steel rods 12 may be 180mm × 200mm. A receiving groove 111 may be prefabricated on the cathode carbon block 11 according to the cross-sectional dimensions of the cathode steel rods 12 plus a 20mm gap, with a groove depth of 220mm.

[0029] A first insulating element 17 may be provided between the two cathode steel rods 12. The first insulating element 17 may be a block-shaped insulator formed by curing insulating castable, and its cross-sectional shape may be adapted to the spatial shape between the two cathode steel rods 12. The two sides of the first insulating element 17 along the first direction X are respectively attached to the opposite sides of the two cathode steel rods 12, and the bottom surface of the first insulating element 17 abuts against the bottom wall of the receiving groove 111. A second insulating element 18 is provided between the end of the cathode steel rod 12 near the cathode carbon block 11 in the first direction X and the receiving groove 111. The second insulating element 18 may also be formed by curing insulating castable and fills the space between the outer peripheral surface of the end of the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the end of the receiving groove 111. The length of the second insulating element 18 along the first direction X may be set according to actual needs, such as 10 cm.

[0030] In this application, by providing insulating components between the two cathode steel rods 12 and between the outer surface of the cathode steel rods 12 near their ends and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111, the current flows vertically downward from the anode structure 5 through the electrolyte layer 4 and the aluminum liquid layer 2 into the cathode carbon block 11. Because a first insulating component 17 is provided between the two cathode steel rods 12, and a second insulating component 18 is provided between the outer peripheral surfaces of the opposite ends of the two cathode steel rods 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111, the high resistance characteristics of the insulating components block the horizontal conductive path between the two cathode steel rods 12 and part of the path between the cathode steel rods 12 and the cathode carbon block 11. Figure 4 As shown, the current that originally flowed vertically downwards from the anode structure 5 into the cathode carbon block 11 tends to diffuse laterally into the area between the two cathode steel rods 12 and the area between the ends of the cathode steel rods 12 and the cathode carbon block 11 after reaching the cathode region due to the existence of a continuous conductive path in the horizontal direction. Figure 5 As shown, after the first insulating element 17 and the second insulating element 18 are set in this application, the horizontal conductive path is blocked, the lateral flow of current is suppressed, and it is forced to concentrate in the conductive section of the cathode steel rod 12 and flow in a direction closer to perpendicular to the bottom surface of the cathode carbon block 11. This increases the slope of the current flow direction, reduces the horizontal component of the current, and effectively reduces the horizontal current density. Here, the horizontal direction can be the extension direction of the cathode steel rod 12. The significant reduction in horizontal current significantly weakens the electromagnetic driving force on the aluminum liquid layer 2 in the tank, the fluctuation amplitude of the aluminum liquid layer 2 is significantly reduced, and the interface stability of the aluminum liquid layer 2 is enhanced, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of decreased current efficiency caused by the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid layer 2. At the same time, the reduction in horizontal current also reduces the electrochemical corrosion and aluminum liquid scouring intensity borne by the cathode carbon block 11, slows down the corrosion and damage rate of the cathode carbon block 11, and extends the overall service life of the electrolytic cell. Experimental results show that, with the assembly structure of the present invention, the horizontal current density in the cathode region is reduced by 10% to 20% compared with the traditional casting process, which greatly reduces the fluctuation of aluminum liquid layer 2 and local overheating caused by horizontal current, and significantly improves the operational stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the second insulating member 18 extends along the first direction X, and the cross-section of the second insulating member 18 is U-shaped and covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the cathode steel rod 12.

[0032] In one possible scenario, the second insulating member 18 in this embodiment may extend along the first direction X, and the cross-section of the second insulating member 18 may be U-shaped. The U-shaped second insulating member 18 may include a bottom wall and two side walls. The bottom wall abuts against the bottom wall of the receiving groove 111, and the two side walls are respectively attached to the outer surfaces of the two sides of the cathode steel rod 12, thereby covering at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the end of the cathode steel rod 12 within the U-shaped opening. The second insulating member 18 may cover the outer surface of the cathode steel rod 12, and may be a partial or complete covering. In this embodiment, through the three-sided shielding structure of the U-shaped second insulating member 18, the bottom surface and two side surfaces of the end of the cathode steel rod 12 are covered, forming a three-sided surrounding insulating barrier, blocking the horizontal current path flowing from the bottom and side surfaces of the end of the cathode steel rod 12 to the end of the cathode carbon block 11.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the end of the second insulating member 18 in the first direction X is flush with the end face of the cathode carbon block 11 in the first direction X.

[0034] In one possible scenario, the end of the second insulating member 18 in the first direction X is flush with the end face of the cathode carbon block 11 in the first direction X. That is, when the second insulating member 18 is installed in place, its outer end face and the corresponding end face of the cathode carbon block 11 are located in the same vertical plane, ensuring that the outer contour of the end of the cathode carbon block 11 remains flat, facilitating subsequent installation with the side lining of the electrolytic cell. This embodiment, while maintaining the horizontal current reduction effect of the above embodiments, further improves the structural compactness by setting the end faces flush.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure 1 further includes: a conductor 13, the portion of the cathode steel rod 12 located in the receiving tank 111 includes a first segment and a second segment connected sequentially along the first direction X, the conductor 13 is provided between the first segment and the tank wall of the receiving tank 111, an insulating member is provided between the second segment and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111, and the second segment is located at the end of the first segment away from the other cathode steel rod 12.

[0036] In one possible scenario, the portion of the cathode steel rod 12 located within the receiving tank 111 comprises a first segment and a second segment sequentially connected along a first direction X. The first segment may refer to the portion of the cathode steel rod 12 closest to another cathode steel rod 12, and the second segment may refer to the portion of the cathode steel rod 12 furthest from another cathode steel rod 12, i.e., the portion closest to the end of the cathode carbon block 11. A conductor 13 may be provided between the first segment and the tank wall of the receiving tank 111. The conductor 13 may be a cast iron phosphate body, formed by pouring molten pig iron phosphate into the gap between the first segment and the side and bottom walls of the receiving tank 111, followed by cooling and solidification. Pig iron phosphate has good electrical conductivity and wettability with steel and carbon, enabling a low-resistance conductive connection between the first segment of the cathode steel rod 12 and the cathode carbon block 11, ensuring smooth flow of electrolytic current from the carbon block into the steel rod. A second insulating element 18 may be provided between the second section and the inner wall of the receiving groove 111. That is, the second insulating element 18 may be provided between the outer peripheral surface of the second section of the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the end of the receiving groove 111, without covering the area of ​​the first section. The first insulating element 17 is still provided in the entire interval area between the two cathode steel rods 12, and is in contact with the adjacent side surfaces of the first sections of the two steel rods.

[0037] The first section is electrically connected to the cathode carbon block 11 via the conductor 13, ensuring sufficient conductive area between the cathode steel rod 12 and the cathode carbon block 11. This allows current to flow smoothly from the cathode carbon block 11 to the cathode steel rod 12, while also preventing excessive contact resistance due to the insulating component. The second section is insulated from the cathode carbon block 11 via the second insulating component 18, blocking part of the horizontal current path near the end of the carbon block. Since the end of the electrolytic cell is where horizontal current is most concentrated, the current tends to change direction and flow horizontally at the end. Insulating the second section precisely suppresses the generation of horizontal current at the end. The first insulating component 17 blocks the horizontal current path between the two cathode steel rods 12, working synergistically with the second insulating component 18 to reduce the generation of horizontal current.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the receiving groove 111 may have a groove on the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11, and the surfaces of the second insulating member 18 and the cathode steel rod 12 facing away from the bottom of the receiving groove 111 may be flush with the first surface 112.

[0039] In one possible scenario, along the depth direction of the receiving groove 111, the surface of the second insulating member 18 facing away from the bottom of the receiving groove 111 is flush with the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11, and the surface of the cathode steel rod 12 facing away from the bottom of the receiving groove 111 is also flush with the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11. That is, the upper surfaces of the cathode steel rod 12, the first insulating member 17, and the second insulating member 18 neither protrude from the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11 nor are they recessed into the receiving groove 111; the upper surfaces of all three are at the same horizontal height as the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11. The first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11 can form a completely flat plane, so that the aluminum liquid layer 2 will not be disturbed by any bosses or grooves when flowing on the surface of the carbon block, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the interface of the aluminum liquid layer 2 and reducing the eddy currents in the aluminum liquid layer 2 caused by surface unevenness. The depth direction of the receiving groove can intersect with the first direction X and the second direction Y, or the depth direction of the receiving groove can be perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the cathode carbon block 11 has a plurality of receiving grooves 111 spaced apart along the second direction Y, and the first direction X intersects the second direction Y.

[0041] In one possible scenario, the first direction X and the second direction Y can be perpendicular to each other, and multiple receiving slots 111 can be arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart along the width direction of the cathode carbon block 11. Each receiving slot 111 can be equipped with two cathode steel rods 12, a first insulating member 17, and a second insulating member 18 as described in the aforementioned embodiment. Along the second direction Y, a certain distance can be maintained between adjacent receiving slots 111. This distance area can be a complete solid portion of the cathode carbon block 11, possessing good conductivity, ensuring that the cathode steel rods 12 in each receiving slot 111 can be connected in parallel through the body portion of the cathode carbon block 11 to achieve a current path. In this embodiment, the number of receiving slots 111 on the cathode carbon block 11 can be selected according to the capacity and current load requirements of the electrolytic cell. The specifications and dimensions of each receiving slot 111 can be the same, and the configuration of the cathode steel rods 12 and insulating members inside can be completely identical to ensure the consistency of electrical performance of each slot.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, a second aspect of the present application provides a manufacturing method for manufacturing an aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure 1, including steps S100, S200, S300, S400, S500 and S600.

[0043] Step S100: Place the support member 14 in the receiving groove 111; In one possible scenario, a support member 14 may be placed at the bottom of the receiving groove 111 of the cathode carbon block 11. The function of the support member 14 is to support the subsequently inserted cathode steel rod 12, so that the upper surface of the cathode steel rod 12 is flush with the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11.

[0044] The support member 14 can be a conductive refractory pad, made of carbonaceous or silicon carbide refractory material, possessing good conductivity and high-temperature resistance. The thickness of the conductive refractory pad is precisely determined based on the depth of the receiving groove 111 and the thickness of the cathode steel rod 12; for example, the thickness of the conductive refractory pad is 15mm to 25mm. A conductive refractory pad of the same material can be placed at each end of the receiving groove 111 to support the two ends of the cathode steel rod 12, ensuring that the upper surface of the cathode steel rod 12 is flush with the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11 after it is placed on the conductive refractory pad.

[0045] Step S200: Place the two cathode steel rods 12 into the receiving groove 111 and space the cathode steel rods 12 from the inner wall of the receiving groove 111. In one possible scenario, two cathode steel rods 12 can be placed into the receiving groove 111, with the cathode steel rods 12 positioned on the support member 14. During placement, the positions of the steel rods are adjusted so that they are spaced apart and symmetrically centered along the first direction X, maintaining a uniform gap between the steel rods and the sidewall of the receiving groove 111. This gap serves as the conductive pouring space for subsequent casting of pig iron. The opposite ends of the steel rods extend beyond the receiving groove 111, with the extension length determined according to the busbar connection requirements of the electrolytic cell.

[0046] Step S300: Place removable stationary material in a designated area of ​​the receiving tank 111 to define a conductive casting space between the removable stationary material, the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111. In one possible scenario, a removable placeholder material can be placed in a designated area of ​​the receiving tank 111 to define a conductive casting space between the placeholder material, the cathode steel rod 12, and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111. The function of the removable placeholder material is to occupy the space of the insulating area during the subsequent casting of the pig iron. After the pig iron solidifies, the placeholder material can be removed, thus forming an insulating casting space in the corresponding position.

[0047] A first spacer material 15 can be placed in the middle area between the two cathode steel rods 12, and a second spacer material 16 can be placed at each end of the receiving groove 111. The second spacer material 16 fills the area between the end of the steel rod and the inner wall of the receiving groove 111. The first spacer material 15 includes asbestos board and magnesia sand. The two sides of the asbestos board can be attached to the opposite sides of the two steel rods, and the space between the two asbestos boards can be filled with loose filler such as magnesia sand until it is flush with the upper surface of the cathode steel rod 12. The second spacer material 16 can be a plastic refractory material.

[0048] Step S400: Pour molten pig iron into the conductive casting space; In one possible scenario, after pre-assembly, the entire cathode assembly is sent into a preheating device and heated to a preset temperature to remove moisture and volatile substances from the surfaces of the cathode carbon block 11 and cathode steel rod 12, and to bring each component to a temperature suitable for casting pig iron, preventing cracking or casting defects when molten iron comes into contact with cold surfaces.

[0049] After preheating, the molten pig iron is poured into the conductive casting space. During casting, the ladle opening can be aligned with the gap between the cathode steel rod 12 and the side wall of the receiving tank 111, so that the molten iron fills the conductive casting space evenly and avoids the molten iron directly washing the surface of the carbon block or the steel rod.

[0050] Step S500: After the molten pig iron cools, the cathode steel rod 12 is fixed, and the occupant material is removed to form an insulating casting space; In one possible scenario, after the pig iron fills the conductive casting space, it is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature and solidify to form a conductor 13. This conductor 13 securely fixes the cathode steel rod 12 within the receiving tank 111 and forms a good conductive connection with the cathode carbon block 11. After the pig iron has completely cooled and solidified, the cathode assembly is reversed, the magnesia filler between the two asbestos boards is poured out, the asbestos boards are then removed, and the second spacer material 16 at both ends of the receiving tank 111 is removed.

[0051] Step S600: Pour insulating casting material into the reserved insulating casting space and cure it to form the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18.

[0052] In one possible scenario, after removing the spacer material, an insulating casting space adjacent to the conductor 13 is formed in the original space occupied by the spacer material. This space includes the intermediate space between the two cathode steel rods 12 and the end spaces at both ends of the receiving groove 111. At room temperature, the prepared insulating casting material is stirred evenly and then poured into the insulating casting space. During pouring, a vibrator or tamping tool can be used to compact the casting material and remove air bubbles. After pouring is completed and the casting material has fully cured, the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18 are formed.

[0053] The manufacturing method of this embodiment can precisely control the interface position and shape between the conductor 13 and the insulating component, ensuring that the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18 are accurately positioned in a predetermined location, thereby reliably blocking part of the horizontal current path and reducing the generation of horizontal current.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the support member 14 is a conductive fire-resistant pad, and in the depth direction of the receiving groove 111, the sum of the thickness of the support member 14 and the thickness of the cathode steel rod 12 is the same as the depth of the receiving groove 111.

[0055] In one possible scenario, the sum of the thickness of the support member 14 and the thickness of the cathode steel rod 12 is the same as the depth of the receiving groove 111, so that after the cathode steel rod 12 is placed on the support member 14, the upper surface of the cathode steel rod 12 is flush with the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11. When the upper surface of the cathode steel rod 12 is flush with the first surface 112 of the carbon block, the subsequently poured insulating casting material forms the filling height of the first insulating member 17 and the second insulating member 18, so that the first insulating member 17, the second insulating member 18, the cathode steel rod 12 and the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon block 11 form a flat and continuous plane. This ensures that the aluminum liquid layer 2 is not disturbed by any bosses or grooves when flowing on the surface of the carbon block, which helps to maintain the stability of the interface of the aluminum liquid layer 2 and reduces the eddies in the aluminum liquid layer 2 caused by surface unevenness.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the removable placeholder material includes a first placeholder material 15 and two second placeholder materials 16. Placing the removable placeholder material in a designated area of ​​the receiving groove 111 specifically includes: placing the first placeholder material 15 in the middle of the receiving groove 111 in the first direction X, and placing the two second placeholder materials 16 at both ends of the receiving groove 111.

[0057] In one possible scenario, the first spacer material 15 is placed in the central region of the receiving groove 111 in the first direction X. The first spacer material 15 may include asbestos sheets, with two asbestos sheets respectively abutting the opposite sides of the two cathode steel rods 12. The size of the asbestos sheets may be adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the receiving groove 111, and the space between the two asbestos sheets may be filled with magnesia sand until flush with the upper surface of the cathode steel rods 12. The thickness of the asbestos sheets may be 20mm to 40mm, providing good high-temperature resistance and easy removal. The first spacer material 15 precisely defines the forming space of the first insulating element 17 in the central region between the two cathode steel rods 12. The asbestos sheets have sufficient rigidity and high-temperature resistance to maintain shape stability during the casting of pig iron, preventing corrosion or deformation by high-temperature molten iron; the magnesia sand filler fills the gaps between the asbestos sheets, preventing pig iron from flowing into the central region. Simultaneously, two second spacer materials 16 may be placed at opposite ends of the receiving groove 111. The second spacer material 16 is a malleable refractory material, such as refractory mortar or plastic, capable of filling the space between the end of the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the end of the receiving groove 111. The filling length of the second spacer material 16 along the first direction X is 8cm to 10cm. The second spacer material 16 precisely defines the forming space of the second insulating member 18 in the end region of the receiving groove 111. The malleable refractory material is malleable at room temperature, facilitating on-site shaping; it maintains shape stability at high temperatures, preventing pig iron from intruding into the end region; in the subsequent removal stage, the malleable refractory material is brittle and easily broken and removed.

[0058] In some embodiments, the insulating castable may be a high-alumina insulating castable, a mullite insulating castable, or a silicon carbide-alumina composite insulating castable, and the resistivity of the insulating castable shall not be less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. ¹0 Ω·cm.

[0059] In one possible scenario, high-alumina insulating castable is an amorphous refractory material formulated with high-alumina bauxite clinker as the main aggregate, calcium aluminate cement as the binder, and appropriate amounts of micro-powder and additives. It possesses high refractoriness and excellent insulation properties. Mullite insulating castable is an insulating castable with synthetic mullite as the main aggregate. Mullite has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent thermal shock resistance, and good high-temperature insulation properties. Silicon carbide-alumina composite insulating castable is a novel insulating castable with silicon carbide and alumina as composite aggregates. Silicon carbide possesses excellent high-temperature strength, thermal conductivity, and thermal shock resistance, and when combined with alumina, it also exhibits good insulation properties.

[0060] The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure 1 and manufacturing method provided in this application, by setting insulating components between the cathode steel rods 12 and between the cathode steel rods 12 and the ends of the cathode carbon blocks 11, block the horizontal current path in the cathode area, causing the current to flow mainly along a direction close to or perpendicular to the first surface 112 of the cathode carbon blocks 11. This reduces the horizontal current density, improves current efficiency, reduces DC power consumption per ton of aluminum, and extends the service life of the electrolytic cell. Furthermore, the manufacturing method of this application is compatible with existing cathode assembly casting processes, requires no large-scale equipment modifications, and uses common refractory and insulating materials, resulting in low investment costs.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, a third aspect of the present application provides an aluminum electrolysis apparatus, including: an anode structure 5; an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure 1, wherein a cathode carbon block 11 is located below the anode structure 5, and an electrolyte layer 4 and an aluminum liquid layer 2 are provided between the anode structure 5 and the cathode carbon block 11; and a cover material layer 3, which fills the gap between the anode structure 5 and the side wall of the electrolysis cell and is located above the electrolyte layer 4.

[0062] In one possible scenario, this embodiment provides an aluminum electrolysis apparatus, mainly comprising an anode structure 5, an aluminum electrolysis cell cathode assembly structure 1, and a covering layer 3. The anode structure 5 may be located at the top of the electrolysis cell, serving as the input end of the current during electrolysis. The anode structure 5 may include an anode carbon block and an anode guide rod. The anode carbon block may be a cuboid structure, formed and calcined from carbonaceous raw materials such as calcined petroleum coke and pitch coke with coal tar pitch binder, exhibiting good conductivity and high-temperature resistance. The anode carbon block participates in the electrochemical reaction during electrolysis. A certain vertical distance is maintained between the anode structure and the cathode carbon block 11. Within this distance, an electrolyte layer 4 and an aluminum liquid layer 2 are sequentially formed from the anode structure 5 to the cathode carbon block 11. The aluminum liquid layer 2 is directly laid on the upper surface of the cathode carbon block 11, serving as a product of the electrolysis reaction and also participating in conductivity as part of the cathode. The electrolyte layer 4 may be embedded at the bottom of the anode structure 5, located on the side of the aluminum liquid layer 2 closest to the anode structure 5. The electrolyte layer 4, composed of molten cryolite and alumina, is the primary site for electrolysis. During electrolysis, alumina dissolves in the electrolyte layer and undergoes electrolysis under the influence of the electric field between the anode and cathode. Aluminum ions are reduced to metallic aluminum at the cathode, while oxygen ions are oxidized at the anode and react with anode carbon to generate carbon dioxide. The covering layer 3 fills the gap between the anode structure 5 and the sidewall of the electrolytic cell, and is located above the electrolyte layer 4. The covering layer 3 fills the gap between the anode structure 5 and the cell wall, forming a thermal insulation barrier that effectively reduces heat loss from the electrolyte layer 4 and the aluminum liquid layer 2 through the cell wall, maintaining a high-temperature working environment within the electrolytic cell and reducing heat loss and heating energy consumption. In this embodiment of the aluminum electrolysis apparatus, the electrolytic current flow path α can be: external power supply - anode busbar - anode guide rod - anode carbon block - electrolyte layer - aluminum liquid layer - cathode carbon block - conductor - cathode steel rod - cathode busbar - external power supply.

[0063] In the aluminum electrolysis apparatus of this application, by providing insulating components between the two cathode steel rods 12 and between the outer surface of the cathode steel rods 12 near their ends and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111, the current flows vertically downward from the anode structure 5 through the electrolyte layer 4 and the aluminum liquid layer 2 into the cathode carbon block 11. Because a first insulating component 17 is provided between the two cathode steel rods 12, and a second insulating component 18 is provided between the outer peripheral surfaces of the opposite ends of the two cathode steel rods 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111, the high resistance characteristics of the insulating components block the horizontal conductive path between the two cathode steel rods 12 and part of the path between the cathode steel rods 12 and the cathode carbon block 11. Figure 4 As shown, the current that originally flowed vertically downwards from the anode structure 5 into the cathode carbon block 11 tends to diffuse laterally into the area between the two cathode steel rods 12 and the area between the ends of the cathode steel rods 12 and the cathode carbon block 11 after reaching the cathode region due to the existence of a continuous conductive path in the horizontal direction. Figure 5As shown, after the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18 are set in this application, the horizontal conductive path is blocked, the lateral flow of current is suppressed, and it is forced to concentrate in the conductive section of the cathode steel rod 12 and flow in a direction closer to the bottom surface of the cathode carbon block 11. This increases the slope of the current flow direction, reduces the horizontal component of the current, and effectively reduces the horizontal current density. The significant reduction in horizontal current significantly weakens the electromagnetic driving force on the aluminum liquid layer 2 in the tank, significantly reduces the fluctuation amplitude of the aluminum liquid layer 2, and enhances the interface stability of the aluminum liquid layer 2, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of decreased current efficiency caused by the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid layer 2. At the same time, the reduction in horizontal current also reduces the electrochemical corrosion and aluminum liquid scouring intensity borne by the cathode carbon block 11, slows down the corrosion and damage rate of the cathode carbon block 11, and extends the overall service life of the electrolytic cell. Experimental results show that after adopting the assembly structure of this invention, the horizontal current density in the cathode area is reduced by 10% to 20% compared with the traditional casting process, significantly reducing the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid layer 2 and local overheating caused by the horizontal current, and significantly improving the operational stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0064] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to three embodiments.

[0065] Example 1: A cathode steel rod 12 with a cross-sectional dimension of 180mm × 200mm and a corresponding cathode carbon block 11 are selected. A steel rod groove 111 with a depth of 220mm is prefabricated on the cathode carbon block 11 according to the cross-sectional dimension of the cathode steel rod 12 plus a 20mm gap. Dust and impurities in the receiving groove 111 are cleaned, and the inner surface of the receiving groove 111 is roughened. A 20mm thick conductive fire-resistant pad is placed at the bottom of the receiving groove 111, and a conductive fire-resistant pad of the same material is placed at each end of the cathode steel rod 12 to complete the arrangement of the support component 14.

[0066] Place the cathode steel rod 12 into the pre-treated receiving tank 111, adjust the position of the cathode steel rod 12 so that the cathode steel rod 12 is centered and the cathode steel rod 12 is level with the upper surface of the cathode carbon block 11, so that the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111 form a uniform gap.

[0067] The two ends of the receiving tank 111 are sealed with refractory material, with a sealing length of 10cm. A 20mm thick asbestos board with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the cathode receiving tank 111 is inserted into each of the two opposite sides of the cathode steel rods 12 as a removable spacer. Magnesium oxide can be used to fill the space between the two asbestos boards until it is flush with the upper surface of the carbon block. The removable spacer, the cathode steel rods 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111 together enclose and define a closed conductive casting space.

[0068] The assembled cathode assembly is placed in a resistance preheating furnace and heated to 650℃~700℃ at a rate of 15℃~20℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 1.5 hours, it is removed from the preheating furnace. Subsequently, the molten pig iron is heated to 1380℃~1420℃, skimmed off, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes before being poured into a ladle. The ladle opening is aligned with the conductive pouring space, and the casting temperature is controlled at 1320℃~1350℃ to complete the molten pig iron pouring operation.

[0069] After casting, the cathode assembly was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Once the pig iron had completely solidified and the cathode steel rod 12 was securely fixed, the cathode assembly was reversed, the internal magnesia was poured out, and the asbestos board and end-sealing refractory material were removed, thus forming an insulated casting space. At room temperature, the Al2O3 content was ≥80%, and the bulk density was ≥2.6 g / cm³. ³ Withstand pressure ≥50MPa, resistivity ≥1×10 ¹² The high-alumina insulating castable 100 Ω·cm is mixed with water at a ratio of 6-8 and poured into the gap of the steel rod groove insulation casting and compacted. After natural curing, the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18 are formed.

[0070] Tests showed that the horizontal current density of the cathode assembly in this embodiment was reduced by 18% compared to the traditional casting process, and the current efficiency reached 93.6%.

[0071] Example 2: A cathode steel rod 12 with a cross-sectional dimension of 180mm × 200mm and a corresponding cathode carbon block 11 are selected. A groove for the cathode steel rod 12 is pre-fabricated on the cathode carbon block 11 as a receiving groove 111. The machining gap of the receiving groove 111 is 15mm, and the depth of the receiving groove 111 is 220mm. Dust and impurities in the receiving groove 111 are cleaned, and the inner surface of the receiving groove 111 is roughened. A 15mm thick conductive refractory pad is placed at the bottom of the receiving groove 111, and a conductive refractory pad of the same material is placed at each end of the cathode steel rod 12 to complete the arrangement of the support component 14.

[0072] Place the cathode steel rod 12 into the pre-treated receiving tank 111, adjust the position of the cathode steel rod 12 to ensure that the cathode steel rod 12 is centered and that the cathode steel rod 12 is level with the upper surface of the cathode carbon block 11, so that the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111 form a uniform gap.

[0073] The two ends of the receiving tank 111 are sealed with refractory material, with a sealing length of up to 8 cm. A 15 mm thick asbestos board with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the receiving tank 111 is inserted into each of the two cathode steel rods 12 on opposite sides as a removable spacer. Magnesium oxide is used to fill the space between the two asbestos boards until it is flush with the upper surface of the carbon block. The removable spacer, the cathode steel rods 12, and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111 together enclose and define a closed conductive casting space.

[0074] The assembled cathode assembly is placed in a resistance preheating furnace and heated to 600℃~650℃ at a rate of 15℃~20℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 1 hour, it is removed from the preheating furnace. Subsequently, the molten iron phosphate solution is heated to 1380~1420℃, skimmed off, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes before being poured into a ladle. The ladle opening is aligned with the conductive pouring space, and the pouring temperature is controlled at 1300℃~1330℃ to complete the molten iron phosphate pouring operation.

[0075] After casting, the cathode assembly was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Once the pig iron had completely solidified and the cathode steel rod 12 was securely fixed, the cathode assembly was inverted, the internal magnesia was poured out, and the asbestos board and end-sealing refractory material were removed, thus forming an insulated casting space. At room temperature, the Al2O3 content was ≥60%, and the bulk density was ≥2.4 g / cm³. ³ Withstand pressure ≥40MPa, resistivity ≥5×10 ¹0 Mullite insulating castable with Ω·cm is mixed with water at a ratio of 100:7, poured into the gap of the steel rod groove insulating casting and compacted, and naturally cured to form the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18.

[0076] Tests showed that the horizontal current density of the cathode assembly in this embodiment is reduced by 15% compared to the traditional casting process, and the current efficiency reaches 93%.

[0077] Example 3: A cathode steel rod 12 with a cross-sectional dimension of 180mm × 200mm and a corresponding cathode carbon block 11 are selected. A steel rod groove 111 is prefabricated on the cathode carbon block 11 according to the cross-sectional dimension of the steel rod plus a 20mm gap, serving as a receiving groove 111 with a depth of 220mm. Dust and impurities are cleaned from the receiving groove 111, and the inner surface of the receiving groove 111 is roughened. A 25mm thick conductive fire-resistant pad is placed at the bottom of the receiving groove 111, and a conductive fire-resistant pad of the same material is placed at each end of the cathode steel rod 12, completing the arrangement of the support component 14.

[0078] Place the cathode steel rod 12 into the pre-treated receiving tank 111, adjust the position of the cathode steel rod 12 to ensure that the cathode steel rod 12 is centered and that the cathode steel rod 12 is level with the upper surface of the cathode carbon block 11, so that the cathode steel rod 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111 form a uniform gap.

[0079] The two ends of the receiving tank 111 are sealed with refractory material, and the sealing length can be 10cm. A 25mm thick asbestos board with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the receiving tank 111 is inserted into each of the two cathode steel rods 12 as a removable spacer. Magnesium oxide is used to fill the space between the two asbestos boards until it is flush with the upper surface of the cathode carbon block 11. The removable spacer, the cathode steel rods 12 and the inner wall of the receiving tank 111 together enclose and define a closed conductive casting space.

[0080] The assembled cathode assembly is placed in a resistance preheating furnace and heated to 650℃~700℃ at a rate of 15℃~20℃ / min. After holding at this temperature for 1.5 hours, it is removed from the preheating furnace. Subsequently, the molten pig iron is heated to 1380℃~1420℃, skimmed off, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes before being poured into a ladle. The ladle opening is aligned with the conductive pouring space, and the pouring temperature is controlled at 1280℃~1320℃ to complete the molten pig iron pouring operation.

[0081] After casting, the cathode assembly was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Once the pig iron had completely solidified and the cathode steel rod 12 was securely fixed, the cathode assembly was reversed, the internal magnesia was poured out, and the asbestos board and end-sealing refractory material were removed, thus forming an insulated casting space. At room temperature, resistivity ≥1×10⁻⁶ was... ¹¹ Silicon carbide-alumina composite insulating casting material with Ω·cm and thermal conductivity ≤1.2W / m·K is mixed with water at a ratio of 100:5.5, poured into the gap of the steel rod groove insulating casting and compacted. After natural curing, it forms the first insulating component 17 and the second insulating component 18.

[0082] Testing showed that the horizontal current density of the cathode assembly in this embodiment is reduced by 20% compared to the traditional casting process, and the current efficiency reaches 94%.

[0083] It should be noted that the descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0084] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0085] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this specification, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this specification.

[0086] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this specification without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, this specification is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell, characterized in that, include: The cathode carbon block has a receiving groove extending through it in a first direction; The cathode steel rods are provided in the receiving groove, and two cathode steel rods are spaced apart along a first direction. The opposite ends of the two cathode steel rods extend out of the receiving groove. A first insulating element is provided between the two cathode steel rods; The second insulating element is provided between the end of the cathode steel rod near the cathode carbon block in the first direction and the receiving groove.

2. The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second insulating member extends along the first direction, and the cross-section of the second insulating member is U-shaped and covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the cathode steel rod.

3. The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the second insulating member in the first direction is flush with the end face of the cathode carbon block in the first direction.

4. The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The conductor, wherein the portion of the cathode steel rod located within the receiving groove comprises a first segment and a second segment connected sequentially along a first direction, wherein a conductor is provided between the first segment and the wall of the receiving groove, and an insulating member is provided between the second segment and the inner wall of the receiving groove, wherein the second segment is located at the end of the first segment away from the other cathode steel rod.

5. The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The receiving groove has a slot on the first surface of the cathode carbon block, and the surfaces of the second insulating member and the cathode steel rod facing away from the bottom of the receiving groove are flush with the first surface.

6. The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cathode carbon block has multiple receiving grooves spaced apart along a second direction, and the first direction intersects the second direction.

7. A method for manufacturing a cathode assembly structure for an aluminum electrolytic cell as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Place the support components inside the receiving groove; Two cathode steel rods are placed into the receiving groove, and the cathode steel rods are spaced apart from the inner wall of the receiving groove. A removable placeholder material is placed in a designated area of ​​the receiving tank to define a conductive casting space between the removable placeholder material, the cathode steel rod, and the inner wall of the receiving tank. Molten pig iron is poured into the conductive casting space; After the molten pig iron is cooled, the cathode steel rod is fixed, and the occupant material is removed to form an insulating casting space; Insulating casting material is poured into the insulating casting space and cured to form the first insulating component and the second insulating component.

8. The manufacturing method of the aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support is a conductive fire-resistant pad. In the depth direction of the receiving groove, the sum of the thickness of the support and the thickness of the cathode steel rod is the same as the depth of the receiving groove.

9. The manufacturing method of the aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The removable placeholder material includes a first placeholder material and two second placeholder materials; The placement of removable placeholder material in a designated area of ​​the receiving slot specifically includes: The first spacer material is placed in the middle of the receiving groove in the first direction, and the two second spacer materials are placed at both ends of the receiving groove.

10. An aluminum electrolysis apparatus, characterized in that, include: Anode structure; The aluminum electrolytic cell cathode assembly structure according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cathode carbon block is located below the anode structure, and an electrolyte layer and an aluminum liquid layer are provided between the anode structure and the cathode carbon block; A cover layer is filled in the gap between the anode structure and the sidewall of the electrolytic cell, and is located above the electrolyte layer.

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