A vertical shaft type high pool anti-air mixing energy dissipation structure

Abstract

The application discloses a shaft type high-position pool anti-air mixing energy dissipation structure, which comprises a shaft well and a gas collection guide piece. The inner cavity of the shaft well comprises, in sequence along a first direction, an air mixing buffer zone, a gas-liquid rectification zone and an energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone. The gas collection guide piece is located between the air mixing buffer zone and the gas-liquid rectification zone and can block the downward migration of gas bubbles on the movement path of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, thereby actively intercepting the gas bubbles. The gas collection guide piece can also trap the floating gas bubbles, facilitate the concentrated discharge of the gas bubbles, simultaneously realize the waterfall energy dissipation and gas bubble separation, and reduce the risks of downstream water outlet pipeline pressure oscillation, air hammer and tunnel cavitation. Under the same flow and shaft diameter conditions, the gas collection guide piece can effectively compress the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone and increase the height of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone, thereby reducing the downstream gas carrying risk. Meanwhile, the annular guide plate is a pure hydraulic structure, which is convenient for pre-burial of a newly-built shaft and retrofitting of an existing shaft, and improves the convenience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a vertical shaft-type high-level water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] In hydraulic engineering, drop shafts are commonly used to receive upstream water and create a free jet of water. As the upstream water falls, it impacts the water within the shaft and violently draws in air, forming bubbles. When the downward drag of the upstream water exceeds the upward tendency of the bubbles, a large number of bubbles continue to descend, eventually being carried into the downstream outlet pipe. Once this air-laden water flow enters the downstream outlet pipe, it can easily cause pressure oscillations, air hammer, and tunnel cavitation, seriously threatening the safety of the water conveyance structure.

[0003] Current conventional energy dissipation methods for vertical shafts mainly rely on folding plates and water cushion ponds, which can only slightly reduce the kinetic energy of water flow and cannot actively capture rising air bubbles, making it difficult to block the downward path of air bubbles, thus limiting the effect of air entrainment control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure, which can significantly absorb the kinetic energy generated when upstream water falls and can capture air bubbles.

[0005] According to the first aspect embodiment of the vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration energy dissipation structure, the vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration energy dissipation structure includes: The vertical shaft has a top opening for receiving upstream water. The inner cavity of the vertical shaft includes an air-incorporating buffer zone, a gas-liquid rectification zone, and an energy-dissipating and flow-stabilizing zone arranged sequentially along a first direction. The energy-dissipating and flow-stabilizing zone is connected to a downstream water outlet pipe. The vertical shaft is used to transport upstream water to the downstream water outlet pipe. A gas collecting guide is disposed in the inner cavity of the vertical shaft and located between the gas-incorporating buffer zone and the gas-liquid rectification zone. The gas collecting guide is used to absorb the kinetic energy generated when the upstream water falls in the first direction and to capture the air bubbles generated when the upstream water impacts the water in the vertical shaft.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, a gap is provided between the gas collecting guide and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, the gap being used to guide the air bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone to the gas-incorporating buffer zone.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, the inner wall of the vertical shaft is provided with a bracket for supporting the gas collecting guide, and the bracket is provided with a flow channel for air bubbles to pass through.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the gas collecting guide is provided with a water passage that runs through the gas collecting guide along a first direction, and the water passage is used to guide the water in the gas-mixing buffer zone to the gas-liquid rectification zone.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the gas collecting guide is provided with a guide slope on the side opposite to the top opening, the guide slope is recessed in the opposite direction along the first direction and converges into the water passage.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the air collecting guide is provided with a bearing surface for receiving upstream water on the side facing the top opening, and the edge of the bearing surface is provided with a first air-blocking plate surrounding the bearing surface, the first air-blocking plate protruding from the bearing surface in the opposite direction of a first direction.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the inner cavity of the vertical shaft also includes a cascading air vortex zone connected to the top opening. The top opening is equipped with a second air-blocking plate, and the second air-blocking plate is provided with a drop channel through it along a first direction. The drop channel is used to allow upstream water to pass through and enter the cascading air vortex zone.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the downstream water outlet pipe is equipped with a pressure stabilizing and degassing device, which is used to collect and remove residual air bubbles in the downstream water outlet pipe.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure further includes a water inlet component, which includes a water trough surrounding the outer periphery of the top opening. The height of the water trough is greater than the height of the top opening and is used to carry upstream water.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the water inlet assembly further includes a plurality of connecting pipes, the first end of each connecting pipe being connected to the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone, and the second end of each connecting pipe being connected to the water tank; The energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone is equipped with a flow stabilization grid for adjusting the water flow state, and the height of the flow stabilization grid corresponds to the height of the first end of the connecting pipe.

[0015] The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: the gas collecting and guiding component is located between the aeration buffer zone and the gas-liquid rectification zone, and can block the downward migration of bubbles in the movement path of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, thereby achieving active interception of bubbles. The gas collecting and guiding component can also capture the floating bubbles, making it easier for the bubbles to be discharged in a concentrated manner, and simultaneously achieving the separation of water droplet energy dissipation and bubbles, reducing the risks of downstream water outlet pipeline pressure oscillation, air hammer, tunnel cavitation, etc. Under the same flow rate and vertical shaft diameter conditions, the gas collecting and guiding component can effectively compress the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone and increase the height of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone, thereby reducing the risk of downstream air entrainment. At the same time, the annular guide plate of this application is a pure hydraulic structure, which is convenient for pre-embedding in new vertical shafts and for modifying existing vertical shafts, improving convenience.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present application will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments illustrated in the following drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gas collection and guiding component in the anti-gas mixing and energy dissipation structure of the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the gas collection and guiding component in the anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure of the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure label: 100. Vertical shaft; 101. Top opening; 102. Aeration buffer zone; 103. Gas-liquid rectification zone; 104. Energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone; 105. Downstream outlet pipe; 200. Air collection guide component; 201. Gap; 202. Water passage; 203. Guide slope; 204. Bearing surface; 205. First air-blocking enclosure; 301. Flow-in-flow zone; 302. Second air-blocking enclosure; 303. Drop channel; 401. Pressure stabilizing and degassing device; 501. Water tank; 502. Connecting pipe; 503. Flow stabilizing bar. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "middle", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] In the description of this application, the use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "some instances," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," and "some examples" indicates that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0025] This application provides a vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure. This structure is suitable for use in the intake shaft of deep drainage tunnels in water conservancy projects. It is used to suppress the migration of air bubbles within the shaft to downstream pipes, preventing problems such as gas explosions and pressure pulsations in pressurized tunnels. Figure 1 As shown, the vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure includes a vertical shaft 100 and an air collection and guiding component 200.

[0026] Furthermore, the vertical shaft 100 is formed as a hollow tubular structure with a certain length, and the vertical shaft 100 is arranged in a vertical direction. It can be understood that the shape of the vertical shaft 100 can be set according to actual needs, for example, the shape of the vertical shaft 100 can be set as cylindrical or prismatic.

[0027] The vertical shaft 100 has a top opening 101, allowing upstream water to enter the inner cavity of the shaft 100 through the top opening 101. The inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100 includes an aeration buffer zone 102, a gas-liquid rectification zone 103, and an energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104, which are sequentially arranged along a first direction. Specifically, the first direction in this application is... Figures 1-3 The X direction in the diagram refers to the vertically downward direction. It can be understood that when upstream water enters the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100 through the top opening 101, the upstream water falls within the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100 and sequentially reaches the aeration buffer zone 102, the gas-liquid rectification zone 103, and the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104.

[0028] In addition, the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104 is connected to a downstream water outlet pipe 105. The downstream water outlet pipe 105 is connected to the side wall of the vertical shaft 100 and is close to the bottom of the vertical shaft 100. The water in the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100 can enter the downstream water outlet pipe 105 by its own gravity, thereby realizing the process of transporting the upstream water to the downstream water outlet pipe 105.

[0029] Furthermore, the gas collecting guide 200 is disposed within the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100 and is located between the gas-incorporating buffer zone 102 and the gas-liquid rectification zone 103. When upstream water falls along the top opening 101, since the gas collecting guide 200 is located on the path of the falling upstream water, the jet formed by the upstream water comes into contact with and acts on the gas collecting guide 200, so that the kinetic energy generated during the fall of the upstream water is absorbed by the gas collecting guide 200.

[0030] It is worth noting that when the upstream water body impacts the water body inside the shaft 100 during its descent, the upstream water body will entrain external air into the water body inside the shaft 100, thus forming air bubbles. Because the water body can exert a dragging effect on the air bubbles, the air bubbles can easily enter the downstream outlet pipe 105 along the water flow direction, causing phenomena such as pressure oscillation, air hammer, and tunnel cavitation in the downstream outlet pipe 105, resulting in a reduction in the safety of the water conveyance structure.

[0031] To address this, this application includes an air-collecting guide 200 installed inside the shaft 100. Firstly, the air-collecting guide 200 absorbs the kinetic energy generated when upstream water falls, thereby weakening the downward drag of the water flow on the air bubbles and preventing the water from carrying the bubbles into the downstream outlet pipe 105 due to high kinetic energy. Secondly, the air-entraining buffer zone 102 of this application collects a large number of air bubbles, the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 contains a certain amount of floating air bubbles, while the energy-dissipating and stabilizing zone 104 contains only a small number or even no air bubbles. The air-collecting guide 200 can capture the air bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103, facilitating their upward movement to the air-entraining buffer zone 102, thereby effectively compressing or even eliminating the gas-liquid rectification zone 103.

[0032] Understandably, given a fixed length of the vertical shaft 100, compressing the length of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 implies an increase in the length of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104. This results in a longer velocity decay path for the downward water flow, ensuring that the bubbles have sufficient upward travel and ultimately return to the aeration buffer zone 102, preventing bubbles from entering the downstream outlet pipe 105. Simultaneously, the increased length of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104 helps dissipate the kinetic energy generated when the upstream water falls, facilitating uniform water flow across the vertical shaft cross-section and creating a low-disturbance, gentle water environment. This prevents the formation of downward-inhaling vortices within the vertical shaft 100, further preventing bubbles from entering the downstream outlet pipe 105.

[0033] Therefore, the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank anti-aeration energy dissipation structure of this application can target and suppress the downward migration of bubbles. It actively intercepts bubbles through the gas collecting guide 200, blocking the downward migration of bubbles from the gas-liquid two-phase flow path, which is different from conventional energy dissipation structures.

[0034] The contents of this application are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following description is merely illustrative and not a specific limitation of this application.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, a gap 201 is left between the outer wall of the gas collecting guide 200 and the inner wall of the shaft 100, forming a channel for upward gas flow. When upstream water enters the aeration buffer zone 102 and the gas-liquid rectification zone 103, the upstream water can drive the water flow within the aeration buffer zone 102 and the gas-liquid rectification zone 103, thereby creating flow field pressure. Under the combined action of flow field pressure and their own buoyancy, the bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 are captured by the gas collecting guide 200, and the bubbles migrate upward along the gap 201 and converge into the aeration buffer zone 102. It is understood that the bubbles that converge into the aeration buffer zone 102 can be discharged out of the water along the liquid surface of the aeration buffer zone 102, thereby preventing the bubbles from continuing to migrate downward to the downstream outlet pipe 105.

[0036] Furthermore, the dimensions of the gas collection guide 200 can be set according to the inflow rate of the upstream water body, so that the width of the gap 201 corresponds to the inflow rate, thereby improving the versatility of the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank anti-aeration energy dissipation structure of this application.

[0037] In some embodiments, a support is provided inside the shaft 100. On one hand, the support is connected to the inner wall of the shaft 100; on the other hand, the support is connected to the gas collecting guide 200 and can support the gas collecting guide 200, ensuring the stability of the position of the gas collecting guide 200, and also ensuring that the gap 201 between the outer wall of the gas collecting guide 200 and the inner wall of the shaft 100 has a stable position and size.

[0038] Understandably, the support is equipped with a flow channel, and the bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 can migrate along the flow channel to the gas mixing buffer zone 102, thus preventing the support from blocking the gap 201.

[0039] In some embodiments, the air collecting guide 200 is provided with a water passage 202, which is located at the geometric center of the air collecting guide 200 and extends through the air collecting guide 200 along a first direction. Specifically, the water passage 202 is a hole structure on the air collecting guide 200, and the shape of the hole structure can be set according to the actual situation.

[0040] Furthermore, when the upstream water falls into the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100, under the combined action of the upstream water's kinetic energy and gravity, the water in the aeration buffer zone 102 enters the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 along the water passage 202, thereby forming a flow field pressure, which facilitates the upward migration of air bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 along the gap 201 to the aeration buffer zone 102.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the gas collecting guide 200 has a guide slope 203 on the side opposite to the top opening 101. The guide slope 203 is used to guide the bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 to the outer peripheral edge of the gas collecting guide 200, so that the bubbles can migrate upward along the gap 201 to the gas mixing buffer zone 102.

[0042] Furthermore, the guide slope 203 is recessed in the opposite direction along the first direction and converges at the water passage 202. Since the water passage 202 is located at the geometric center of the gas collecting guide 200, the thickness of the gas collecting guide 200 in the vertical direction gradually decreases from its edge to its center. Specifically, when the gas collecting guide 200 is annular in shape, the guide slope 203 is approximately formed as a conical surface, ensuring that the bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 smoothly migrate from the water passage 202 to the gap 201 on the outer periphery of the gas collecting guide 200 along the conical surface.

[0043] In some embodiments, the air collecting guide 200 has a bearing surface 204 on the side facing the top opening 101. The shape of the bearing surface 204 can be set according to actual needs. Specifically, the bearing surface 204 is formed as a plane in the horizontal direction.

[0044] The bearing surface 204 is used to receive the upstream water. When the upstream water falls into the inner cavity of the shaft 100, the upstream water impacts the bearing surface 204 under the combined action of its own gravity and kinetic energy, causing the gas collecting guide 200 to absorb some of the energy, thereby reducing the flow speed of the water.

[0045] Furthermore, the edge of the bearing surface 204 is provided with a first air barrier 205, which surrounds the bearing surface 204 and protrudes from the bearing surface 204 in the opposite direction of the first direction.

[0046] Specifically, during the gas collection process of the gas collecting guide 200, the bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 migrate upward along the gap 201 on the outer periphery of the gas collecting guide 200 and gradually pass over the first gas-blocking enclosure 205. The first gas-blocking enclosure 205 forms a gas-blocking area on the top of the bearing surface 204, causing the bubbles to gather in the gas-blocking area. At this time, the first gas-blocking enclosure 205 can block the bubbles and prevent them from falling back into the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 along the gap 201.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the inner cavity of the shaft 100 further includes a cascading air vortex zone 301, which is located at the top of the air mixing buffer zone 102 and is connected to the top opening 101.

[0048] The top opening 101 is fitted with a second air-blocking panel 302, which has a drop channel 303 that extends through the second air-blocking panel 302 along a first direction. Specifically, the second air-blocking panel 302 has a perforated structure that forms the drop channel 303 on the second air-blocking panel 302. The specific shape of the drop channel 303 can be set according to actual needs.

[0049] Furthermore, the upstream water body falls along the drop channel 303 into the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100, so that the upstream water body reaches the aeration buffer zone 102 through the drop flow air-entraining zone 301.

[0050] It is worth noting that during the rapid descent of upstream water, negative pressure is created in the surrounding space, which draws a large amount of air into the water, thus forming a large number of bubbles. However, the second air-blocking plate 302 of this application can block air around the upstream water, preventing the upstream water from drawing in surrounding air during its descent, thereby reducing the amount of bubbles in the water and preventing bubbles from entering the downstream outlet pipe 105.

[0051] In some embodiments, since some air bubbles may still exist in the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104, these air bubbles may enter the downstream water outlet pipe 105. This application provides a pressure stabilizing and degassing device 401 in the downstream water outlet pipe 105. The pressure stabilizing and degassing device 401 is connected to the downstream water outlet pipe 105 and extends a certain distance in the opposite direction of the first direction, making the pressure stabilizing and degassing device 401 higher than the downstream water outlet pipe 105. This facilitates the collection of air bubbles within the pressure stabilizing and degassing device 401 by their own gravity and their centralized discharge.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the vertical shaft-type high-level water tank anti-aeration energy dissipation structure also includes a water inlet component, which includes a water tank 501 for carrying upstream water.

[0053] The water trough 501 surrounds the outer periphery of the top opening 101 and extends towards the outer periphery of the top opening 101. At the same time, the height of the water trough 501 is greater than the height of the top opening 101, which facilitates the entry of upstream water from the water trough 501 into the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100 along the top opening 101.

[0054] In some embodiments, the water inlet assembly further includes a plurality of connecting pipes 502, the first end of which is connected to the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104, and the second end of which is connected to the water tank 501.

[0055] On the one hand, the connecting pipe 502 can balance the air pressure between the area above the gas collecting guide 200 and the gas-liquid rectification zone 103, avoiding an excessive pressure difference between the upper and lower areas of the gas collecting guide 200, preventing negative pressure, vacuum, and other phenomena in the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100, and also preventing flow distortion when water is jetted downwards; on the other hand, when too many bubbles accumulate at the bottom of the gas collecting guide 200, the air pressure in the area at the bottom of the gas collecting guide 200 rises, and the connecting pipe 502 can guide some of the gas to the area above the gas collecting guide 200.

[0056] Furthermore, the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104 is equipped with a flow stabilization grid 503, which is fixed to the inner wall of the vertical shaft 100, and the height of the flow stabilization grid 503 corresponds to the height of the first end of the connecting pipe 502. When the water flows downward in the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104, the water impacts the flow stabilization grid 503, and the kinetic energy of the water flowing downward is further consumed by the cutting and blocking action of the flow stabilization grid 503.

[0057] Specifically, within the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100, the air bubble exhibits both an upward buoyancy and a downward dragging effect from the water. As the kinetic energy of the downward-flowing water decreases, the downward drag on the air bubble also decreases. When the kinetic energy of the downward-flowing water decreases to the point where the upward buoyancy of the air bubble exceeds the downward dragging effect, the air bubble rises. Therefore, the flow-stabilizing grid 503 can improve the upward buoyancy efficiency of the air bubble by reducing the kinetic energy of the downward-flowing water.

[0058] Understandably, the 503 flow stabilizer can also ensure the uniformity of water flow, disrupt the conditions for vortex formation, and play a role in preventing vortexes and air entrapment.

[0059] In some embodiments, to prevent air bubbles from entering the downstream water outlet pipe 105, this application designs parameters such as the height of the air-mixing buffer zone 102, the gas-liquid rectification zone 103, and the energy-dissipating and flow-stabilizing zone 104.

[0060] Furthermore, the height of the gas-incorporating buffer zone 102 is determined by the upper jet impact gas-incorporating range, and the formula for the height of the gas-incorporating buffer zone 102 is: ; Where H1 is the height of the aeration buffer zone 102; C1 is the experimental fitting coefficient, taken as 0.55; Q is the vertical well inflow rate; and g is the gravitational acceleration, taken as 9.81 m / s². 2 D is the inner diameter of the shaft.

[0061] According to the above formula, during construction, the height H1 of the aeration buffer zone 102 can be adjusted by adjusting the water inlet flow rate Q and the inner diameter D of the vertical shaft. The larger the water inlet flow rate Q and the smaller the inner diameter D of the vertical shaft, the larger the height H1 of the aeration buffer zone 102.

[0062] Furthermore, the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 can reflect the process of resistance between water flow drag and bubble buoyancy. The formula for the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 is: ; Where H2 is the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103; C2 is the experimental fitting coefficient, taken as 1.0; u is the average downward flow velocity of the vertical shaft cross-section; w b Let Q be the average terminal velocity of the rising bubbles, taken as 0.25 m / s under clear water conditions; Q be the inlet flow rate of the vertical shaft; and g be the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.81 m / s². 2 .

[0063] ; When Q≤Q cr At that time, there is no gas-liquid rectification region 103; when Q>Q cr At that time, a gas-liquid rectification zone 103 is formed in the inner cavity of the vertical shaft 100.

[0064] According to the above formula, during construction, the height H2 of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 can be controlled by adjusting the average downward flow velocity u of the vertical shaft cross-section. Reducing the average downward flow velocity u of the vertical shaft cross-section can reduce the height H2 of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103.

[0065] Furthermore, the formula for the height of the energy dissipation and current stabilization zone 104 is: ; Wherein, H3 is the height of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104; H1 is the height of the gas mixing buffer zone 102; and H2 is the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103.

[0066] According to the above formula, the height H3 of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104 is related to the height H1 of the air mixing buffer zone 102 and the height H2 of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103. When the height H3 of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104 is zero, the water-gas separation of the anti-air mixing energy dissipation structure of the vertical shaft high-level water tank fails. It is necessary to avoid the height H3 of the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone 104 from being zero as much as possible.

[0067] In actual implementation, the upstream water flow falls into the air-entraining buffer zone 102 inside the vertical shaft 100 in the form of a jet, and entrains the surrounding air to form a gas-liquid two-phase flow. When the gas and liquid phases move downwards to the gas collecting guide 200, the bubbles rise due to buoyancy and collide with the guide slope 203 at the bottom of the gas collecting guide 200. This causes the bubbles to be captured and gathered by the gas collecting guide 200 and deflected upwards along the gas collecting guide 200, directly blocking the continuous downward channel of the bubbles. At the same time, the upstream water is forced to divert and diffuse under the action of the gas collecting guide 200, and the cross-sectional flow velocity decreases sharply. This significantly reduces the downward drag force of the water on the bubbles, effectively compressing the height of the gas-liquid rectification zone 103 and increasing the height of the energy dissipation and stabilization zone 104. In addition, the rectified water and a very small number of microbubbles continue to enter the energy dissipation and stabilization zone 104. The remaining bubbles naturally rise in the energy dissipation and stabilization zone 104 due to buoyancy, ultimately greatly reducing the amount of gas entering the downstream outlet pipe 105, thus achieving energy dissipation and water-gas separation.

[0068] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure, characterized in that, include: The vertical shaft has a top opening for receiving upstream water. The inner cavity of the vertical shaft includes an air-incorporating buffer zone, a gas-liquid rectification zone, and an energy-dissipating and flow-stabilizing zone arranged sequentially along a first direction. The energy-dissipating and flow-stabilizing zone is connected to a downstream water outlet pipe. The vertical shaft is used to transport upstream water to the downstream water outlet pipe. A gas collecting guide is disposed in the inner cavity of the vertical shaft and located between the gas-incorporating buffer zone and the gas-liquid rectification zone. The gas collecting guide is used to absorb the kinetic energy generated when the upstream water falls in the first direction and to capture the air bubbles generated when the upstream water impacts the water in the vertical shaft.

2. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gap is provided between the gas collecting guide and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, and the gap is used to guide the air bubbles in the gas-liquid rectification zone to the gas-incorporating buffer zone.

3. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the vertical shaft is provided with a bracket for supporting the gas collecting and guiding component, and the bracket is provided with a flow channel for air bubbles to pass through.

4. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The gas collecting guide is provided with a water passage that runs through the gas collecting guide along a first direction. The water passage is used to guide the water in the gas-mixing buffer zone to the gas-liquid rectification zone.

5. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas collecting guide has a guide slope on the side opposite to the top opening. The guide slope is recessed in the opposite direction along the first direction and converges into the water passage.

6. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collecting guide is provided with a bearing surface for receiving upstream water on the side facing the top opening. The edge of the bearing surface is provided with a first air-blocking plate surrounding the bearing surface. The first air-blocking plate protrudes from the bearing surface in the opposite direction of the first direction.

7. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the vertical shaft also includes a cascading air vortex zone connected to the top opening. The top opening is equipped with a second air-blocking plate, and the second air-blocking plate is provided with a drop channel along a first direction. The drop channel is used to allow upstream water to pass through and enter the cascading air vortex zone.

8. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downstream water outlet pipe is equipped with a pressure stabilizing and degassing device, which is used to collect and remove residual air bubbles in the downstream water outlet pipe.

9. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure also includes a water inlet component, which includes a water trough surrounding the outer periphery of the top opening. The height of the water trough is greater than the height of the top opening and is used to carry upstream water.

10. The vertical shaft-type elevated water tank anti-aeration and energy dissipation structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water inlet assembly also includes multiple connecting pipes, with the first end of each connecting pipe connected to the energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone, and the second end of each connecting pipe connected to the water tank; The energy dissipation and flow stabilization zone is equipped with a flow stabilization grid for adjusting the water flow state, and the height of the flow stabilization grid corresponds to the height of the first end of the connecting pipe.

Images