Anti-scouring multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-scouring multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall and a construction method, which comprises a first seawall and a second seawall arranged in sequence from the sea to the land, and a space between the first seawall and the second seawall. The top of the first seawall is provided with an ecological module area, which is composed of a plurality of prefabricated ecological modules. A connecting and locking mechanism for mutually connecting and locking adjacent prefabricated ecological modules is arranged on the side wall of the prefabricated ecological module. A porous plate is arranged in the prefabricated ecological module, which divides the interior of the prefabricated ecological module into an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer is a substrate layer for filling plant growth substrate, and the upper layer is a habitat layer for biological adhesion. The application effectively solves the problems of easy loss of substrate, easy siltation of water body and single ecological function of the traditional ecological seawall while retaining the high-strength flood control and wave resistance performance of the traditional seawall, and improves the practicality and ecological adaptability of the seawall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seawall protection technology, specifically a multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall with erosion resistance and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] An ecological seawall is a comprehensive coastal engineering facility that, while ensuring basic safety functions such as coastal protection and reducing wave erosion, integrates ecological restoration functions such as habitat creation, water purification, and landscape enhancement by simulating the structure and processes of a natural coastal ecosystem.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with announcement number CN222575397U discloses an ecological seawall revetment structure, including: a seawall top wave-breaking wall constructed behind the plurality of flower trough revetment structures and connected to the slope, an animal and plant living platform planted on the top of the plurality of flower trough revetment structures, and a foundation structure constructed at the bottom of the plurality of flower trough revetment structures.

[0004] However, in actual use, it was found that the planting areas of traditional ecological seawalls are mostly open slopes or simple groove structures. Under the action of waves, tidal changes and splash erosion, the planting substrate is easily lost, resulting in exposed plant roots, lodging and death. At the same time, there is poor water exchange and easy water accumulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall with erosion resistance and a construction method to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall with erosion resistance, comprising a primary seawall and a secondary seawall arranged sequentially from the sea to the land, and a seawall space located between the primary seawall and the secondary seawall, wherein an ecological module area is provided on the top of the primary seawall. The ecological module area is composed of multiple prefabricated ecological modules spliced ​​together. The side wall of the prefabricated ecological module is provided with a connection and locking mechanism for interlocking and locking adjacent prefabricated ecological modules. The prefabricated ecological module has a perforated plate inside, which divides the interior of the prefabricated ecological module into an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer is a substrate layer for filling plant growth substrate, and the upper layer is a habitat layer for organisms to attach to. Wave-damping plants are planted in the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module. The top surface of the prefabricated ecological module is detachably equipped with an anti-erosion component. The anti-erosion component has a flow-guiding structure that prevents water flow from directly eroding the substrate layer, and the anti-erosion component has a through hole in the center for the wave-dissipating plants to pass through.

[0007] Furthermore, the anti-erosion component is an inverted cone shape that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, and the anti-erosion component is fixed to the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module by a detachable positioning connection mechanism. The positioning and connecting mechanism includes multiple positioning connecting rods fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the anti-erosion component, and multiple positioning mounting slots corresponding to the positioning connecting rods opened on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module. The positioning connecting rods are inserted into the positioning mounting slots and are engaged by the cooperation of protrusions and grooves.

[0008] Furthermore, the prefabricated ecological module is a regular hexagon, and the connecting and locking mechanism includes a T-shaped connecting block and a limiting groove. The three side walls of the regular hexagonal prefabricated ecological module are respectively fixedly installed with T-shaped connecting blocks, and the other three side walls are respectively provided with limiting grooves corresponding to the T-shaped connecting blocks. Adjacent prefabricated ecological modules are spliced ​​and locked by the cooperation of the T-shaped connecting block and the limiting groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the porous plate has multiple water-permeable holes.

[0010] Furthermore, ecological slope protection is provided on the inclined surfaces of the primary and secondary seawalls, and artificial reefs are provided in the space between the primary and secondary seawalls.

[0011] Furthermore, the seawall is equipped with a zigzag revetment on the seaward side, and a drainage pipe is installed inside the seawall. One end of the drainage pipe is connected to the artificial reef, and the other end is connected to the external water body on the seaward side.

[0012] Furthermore, a wave-breaking wall is fixedly installed on the top surface of the secondary seawall.

[0013] Furthermore, wave-damping grilles are fixedly installed on the top surface of the primary seawall on both sides of the ecological module area.

[0014] The construction method for building the aforementioned erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall includes the following steps: S1. Foundation construction: The first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8) are constructed sequentially from the sea to the land. Twisted blocks are piled up on the seaward slope of the first-level seawall (3) to form a twisted block slope protection (1). Drainage pipes (10) are laid at the bottom of the space between the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8), so that one end of the drainage pipes (10) is connected to the space between the seawalls and the other end is connected to the external water body on the seaward side. S2. A prefabricated hexagonal ecological module (210) is constructed. A porous plate (211) is fixedly installed inside the prefabricated ecological module (210) to separate it into an upper habitat layer and a lower substrate layer. T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) are fixedly installed on three side walls of the prefabricated ecological module (210), and limiting grooves (1202) are opened on the other three side walls. A positioning installation groove (1102) is opened on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210). S3. Multiple prefabricated ecological modules (210) are spliced ​​and locked together by T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) and limiting grooves (1202) to form an ecological module area (2). Plant growth substrate is filled into the lower layer of each prefabricated ecological module (210) to form a substrate layer, and attached biological culture medium is placed into the upper layer to form a habitat layer. S4. Align the positioning connecting rod (1101) on the bottom surface of the anti-scouring component (11) with the positioning mounting groove (1102) on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210) and insert it. Fix it by engaging the protrusion and the groove, so that the through hole in the center of the anti-scouring component (11) is aligned with the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module (210). S5. Plant wave-dissipating plants (4) in the through holes of the anti-scour component (11) and the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module (210), lay ecological slope protection (5) and plant wave-dissipating plants on the inclined surfaces of the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8), arrange artificial reefs (6) in an alternating manner in the space between the seawalls, install wave-breaking walls (7) on the top surface of the second-level seawall (8), and install wave-breaking grilles (9) on the top surface of the first-level seawall (3) on the opposite sides of the ecological module area (2).

[0015] Furthermore, in S3, the splicing method of the ecological module area (2) is as follows: first, a prefabricated ecological module (210) is fixed on the top of the first-level seawall (3) as a reference module, and then, with the reference module as the center, the remaining prefabricated ecological modules (210) are spliced ​​outwards in sequence through the insertion and cooperation of the T-shaped connecting block (1201) and the limiting groove (1202) to form a honeycomb-shaped dense structure.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In this invention, prefabricated ecological modules and inverted cone-shaped anti-scour components can effectively guide and buffer the flow, preventing substrate loss. At the same time, they allow wave-dissipating plants to grow normally and continuously play a role in soil stabilization and wave dissipation. The porous plate inside the module divides the cavity into a lower substrate layer and an upper habitat layer, which not only ensures stable vegetation growth but also provides attachment and habitat space for coastal microorganisms, constructing a small ecological community. Furthermore, the wave-damping grids on both sides of the primary seawall can intercept lateral overflows and protect the long-term stability of the ecological module area. While retaining the high-strength flood control and wave-resistant performance of traditional seawalls, this invention effectively solves the problems of easy substrate loss, easy water siltation, and single ecological function of traditional ecological seawalls, improving the practicality and ecological adaptability of seawalls. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the ecological module area of ​​the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated ecological module of the present invention before installation; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the prefabricated ecological module and anti-erosion component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the porous plate structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side cross-sectional view of the prefabricated ecological module of the present invention.

[0018] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Twisted-block slope protection; 2. Ecological module area; 210. Prefabricated ecological module; 211. Perforated panel; 3. Primary seawall; 4. Wave-dissipating plants; 5. Ecological slope protection; 6. Artificial reef; 7. Wave wall; 8. Secondary seawall; 9. Wave-dissipating grid; 10. Drainage pipe; 11. Anti-erosion component; 1101. Positioning connecting rod; 1102. Positioning installation groove; 12. Connecting locking mechanism; 1201. T-shaped connecting block; 1202. Limiting groove; 13. Water permeable hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Reference Figures 1-6As shown, this invention discloses a multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall with erosion resistance, comprising a primary seawall 3 and a secondary seawall 8 arranged sequentially from sea to land, and a space between the primary seawall 3 and the secondary seawall 8. Ecological slope protection 5 is provided on the inclined surfaces of the primary seawall 3 and the secondary seawall 8. An ecological module area 2 is provided on the top of the primary seawall 3. Wave-breaking grilles 9 are fixedly installed on the top surface of the primary seawall 3 on opposite sides of the ecological module area 2. A wave-breaking wall 7 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the secondary seawall 8. By setting up the primary seawall 3 and the secondary seawall 8 that rise step by step from sea to land, in conjunction with the wave-breaking wall 7 on the top surface of the secondary seawall 8, the incident waves can be broken and dissipated multiple times at different elevations, reducing the risk of wave rise and overtopping. At the same time, the wave-breaking grilles 9 on the top surface of the primary seawall 3 on both sides of the ecological module area 2 can further block splash waves and disperse water flow, protecting the plants and substrate in the ecological module area 2 from direct impact.

[0020] Specifically, the waves first impact the T-shaped revetment 1 on the seaward side of the primary seawall 3. The gaps between the T-shaped blocks cause the waves to break up locally, consuming some wave energy and reducing the surface velocity and scour depth. After the residual waves pass over the top of the primary seawall 3, they are blocked and dispersed by the wave-breaking grid 9, and then enter the space between the primary seawall 3 and the secondary seawall 8. The artificial reefs 6 deployed in this area further disturb the flow, disperse the wave energy, and cause secondary breaking. The waves act on the ecological revetment 5 connecting the primary seawall 3 and the secondary seawall 8. The resistance of plant stems and leaves and the surface roughness continue to attenuate the wave energy. Finally, the waves reach the secondary seawall 8 and the wave-breaking wall 7 on top of it. The outward-projecting structure at the top of the wave-breaking wall 7 causes the overtopping water tongue to be thrown back to the seaward side, thereby greatly reducing the risk of overtopping.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a T-shaped block revetment 1 is installed on the seaward side of the first-level seawall 3. A drainage pipe 10 is installed inside the first-level seawall 3. One end of the drainage pipe 10 is connected to the artificial reef 6, and the other end is connected to the external water body on the seaward side. The T-shaped block revetment 1 on the seaward side of the first-level seawall 3 forms a porous structure through the interlocking of the blocks by their own weight. When waves hit the slope, the waves can be broken locally, increasing energy dissipation and reducing slope erosion and scouring. At the same time, the drainage pipe 10 uses the principle of communicating vessels, connecting the artificial reef 6 at one end and the external water body on the seaward side at the other end. At high tide, seawater can enter the artificial reef area, and at low tide, the artificial reef area can still maintain a certain water depth, thereby ensuring that the area where the artificial reef 6 is located has a relatively stable aquatic environment, which is conducive to biological maintenance.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the ecological module area 2 is composed of multiple prefabricated ecological modules 210 spliced ​​together. The side walls of the prefabricated ecological modules 210 are provided with connecting and locking mechanisms 12 for interlocking and locking adjacent prefabricated ecological modules. By splicing multiple prefabricated ecological modules 210 together using the connecting and locking mechanisms 12, a continuous or semi-continuous ecological module area 2 can be formed. The layout scale can be flexibly adjusted according to the space conditions on the top of the dike. The modular construction is convenient and the replacement and maintenance are convenient. At the same time, the overall structure is stable and can resist the repeated impact of sea waves without relative displacement.

[0023] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the prefabricated ecological module 210 is a regular hexagon. The connecting and locking mechanism 12 includes a T-shaped connecting block 1201 and a limiting groove 1202. The T-shaped connecting block 1201 is fixedly installed on three side walls of the regular hexagonal prefabricated ecological module 210, and the other three side walls are respectively provided with limiting grooves 1202 corresponding to the T-shaped connecting block 1201. Two adjacent prefabricated ecological modules 210 are spliced ​​and locked by the cooperation of the T-shaped connecting block 1201 and the limiting groove 1202. The cooperation of the T-shaped connecting block 1201 and the limiting groove 1202 can achieve quick alignment and self-locking, preventing the module from shifting up and down or detaching under the action of waves, and improving the overall wave resistance stability of the ecological module area 2.

[0024] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the prefabricated ecological module 210 has a perforated plate 211 inside, with multiple permeable holes 13. The perforated plate 211 divides the interior of the prefabricated ecological module 210 into an upper and lower layer. The lower layer is a substrate layer for filling with plant growth substrate, and the upper layer is a habitat layer for organisms to attach to. Wave-dissipating plants 4 are planted in the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module 210. Through the perforated plate 211 and its permeable holes 13, water exchange and drainage are achieved between the substrate layer and the habitat layer, preventing water accumulation inside the module. As pore water pressure increases, a limiting plate is installed inside the prefabricated ecological module 210 to support the porous plate 211. The lower matrix layer is filled with sand, shell sand, gravel, or composite ecological matrix to provide a stable rooting medium and nutrients for the wave-dissipating plants 4. The upper habitat layer provides attachment, habitat, or maintenance space for shellfish, barnacles, algae, and other attached organisms. At the same time, wave-dissipating plants 4, such as reeds, Spartina alterniflora, Curcuma longa, and Suaeda salsa, weaken splash waves and surface runoff erosion through stem and leaf resistance and root consolidation.

[0025] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, an anti-erosion component 11 is detachably connected to the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module 210. The anti-erosion component 11 is an inverted cone shape, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. The anti-erosion component 11 has a flow-guiding structure that prevents water flow from directly eroding the substrate layer. A through hole is provided in the center of the anti-erosion component 11 for the wave-damping plants 4 to pass through. The anti-erosion component 11 and the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module are fixed together by a detachable positioning connection mechanism. The positioning connection mechanism includes multiple positioning connecting rods 1101 fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the anti-erosion component 11, and multiple positioning mounting slots 1102 corresponding to the positioning connecting rods 1101 on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module 210. 1. Inserted into the positioning and mounting slot 1102 and secured by the engagement of the protrusion and groove; The inverted cone-shaped anti-scouring component 11, which is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, has its small opening facing upwards and its large opening detachably connected to the edge of the opening on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module 210. When waves splash, the inclined sidewall can be used to guide the water flow to the outside or inside of the module, effectively reducing the impact of water droplets falling directly into the module and scouring the substrate. At the same time, the central through hole at the top allows the stems and leaves of the wave-damping plant 4 to grow naturally without affecting the plant's development. The positioning connecting rod 1101 is engaged and secured with the positioning and mounting slot 1102, allowing the anti-scouring component 11 to be flexibly installed and removed, facilitating later maintenance, substrate replenishment, or plant replacement.

[0026] This embodiment provides a construction method for a multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall with erosion resistance. It is used to construct a primary seawall, a secondary seawall, an ecological module area, an artificial reef area, and supporting protective structures arranged sequentially from sea to land. The overall construction process is clear, highly modular, and provides stable erosion resistance and ecological effects. The specific steps are as follows: S1 Foundation Construction The first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8) are constructed sequentially from the sea to the land. The seawall body is filled, compacted and the slope is trimmed according to the design elevation. Twisted blocks are piled up on the seaward slope of the first-level seawall (3) at the design interval to form a twisted block slope protection (1). The block self-weight interlocking forms a porous wave-damping structure to resist the direct scouring of the outer sea waves. Drainage pipes (10) are pre-buried and laid at the bottom of the space between the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8). One end of the drainage pipe (10) runs through the space between the seawalls and the other end is connected to the external water body on the seaward side. The principle of communicating vessels is used to realize the stable replenishment and exchange of water between the seawalls when the tide level changes.

[0027] S2 prefabricated eco-modules are processed in the factory. Prefabricated hexagonal ecological modules (210) are prefabricated in the factory. The modules are formed by casting high-strength wave-resistant concrete. A support structure is pre-set inside the prefabricated ecological module (210) and a perforated plate (211) is fixedly installed to divide the inner cavity of the module into an upper habitat layer and a lower matrix layer. The perforated plate (211) has water-permeable holes to realize the exchange of water between the upper and lower layers. T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) are pre-embedded and fixed on three side walls of the prefabricated ecological module (210) respectively, and limiting grooves (1202) are opened on the other three side walls for on-site splicing and locking. At the same time, a positioning installation groove (1102) is reserved on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210) for precise docking with the anti-erosion component (11).

[0028] S3 Ecological Module Area On-site Assembly and Filling The prefabricated ecological modules (210) that have been maintained are transported to the construction site and spliced ​​and installed at the designated position on the top of the first-level seawall (3). During splicing, one prefabricated ecological module (210) is first used as a reference module to level and fix it. Then, with the reference module as the center, the remaining prefabricated ecological modules (210) are spliced ​​outwards in sequence through the insertion and cooperation of T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) and limiting grooves (1202) to form a honeycomb-shaped dense structure. The modules fit tightly together without loosening or displacement, and the whole constitutes the ecological module area (2). After the splicing is completed, plant growth substrate is filled into the lower matrix layer of each prefabricated ecological module (210), and an attachment culture medium adapted to the coastal environment is placed into the upper habitat layer to provide habitat and attachment conditions for shellfish, algae and small benthic organisms.

[0029] S4 anti-erosion component installation The prefabricated anti-scour component (11) is hoisted above the corresponding prefabricated ecological module (210). The positioning connecting rod (1101) on the bottom surface of the anti-scour component (11) is precisely aligned with the positioning installation groove (1102) on the top surface of the module and inserted vertically. The protrusion on the connecting rod and the groove in the installation groove are used to achieve a snap-fit ​​fixation, so that the central through hole of the anti-scour component (11) is aligned vertically and coaxially with the top opening of the module. After installation, the anti-scour component (11) is sealed and fitted with the top surface of the module to form a flow-guiding buffer structure to prevent the waves from directly scouring the internal matrix.

[0030] S5 Ecological Planting and Ancillary Structure Construction Wave-dissipating plants (4) are planted in the central through-hole of the anti-scour component (11) and the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module (210). The plant roots penetrate deep into the substrate layer for fixation, and the stems and leaves grow normally through the anti-scour component. Ecological slope protection (5) is laid on the sloping surfaces of the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8) and wave-dissipating plants are planted to form a continuous vegetation wave-dissipating zone. Artificial reefs (6) are laid in an alternating pattern in the space between the seawalls to provide habitats and breeding grounds for aquatic organisms. A wave-breaking wall (7) is poured and installed on the top surface of the second-level seawall (8). The top of the wall protrudes outward to the sea side to reduce the amount of overtopping waves. Wave-breaking grilles (9) are installed on the top surface of the first-level seawall (3) and on the opposite sides of the ecological module area (2) to block lateral splash waves and overflows and protect the long-term stability of the ecological module area (2).

[0031] With this, the construction of the multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall, which is resistant to erosion, has been completed. The seawall has multiple functions, including multi-stage wave dissipation, erosion resistance, matrix reinforcement, ecological restoration, and biological habitat.

[0032] The implementation principle of this invention, a multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall for erosion resistance, is as follows: During wave erosion and tidal fluctuations, the inverted cone-shaped anti-erosion component 11 at the top of the prefabricated ecological module 210 utilizes its wide-at-the-bottom-narrow-at-the-top structural characteristics to guide and buffer the eroding water flow, preventing the growth matrix of the internal matrix layer from being carried away by the water flow. Simultaneously, wave-dissipating plants 4 emerge from the through-holes at the top of the anti-erosion component 11 and grow normally, continuously playing a role in soil stabilization and wave dissipation. Meanwhile, the porous plate 211 inside the module divides the cavity into layers: the lower matrix layer ensures stable vegetation growth, while the upper habitat layer provides attachment and habitat space for various coastal microorganisms and small organisms, constructing a small ecological community and achieving coastal ecological restoration. The permeable holes 13 on the surface of the porous plate 211 ensure that the water inside the module is kept separate from the external water. Through water exchange, the water in the cavity is prevented from accumulating and deteriorating. The wave-breaking grilles 9 on both sides of the first-level seawall 3 can intercept the lateral overflow of waves, preventing the ecological module area 2 from being eroded by lateral waves and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the ecological module area 2. At the same time, the drainage pipes 10 running through the first-level seawall 3 continuously connect the external water body near the sea with the artificial reef area 6 between the seawall, realizing the normal circulation and replacement of the water body between the seawall, effectively improving the water quality environment in the space between the seawall, creating a good living and breeding environment for aquatic organisms around the artificial reef 6, and further improving the coastal ecosystem. This seawall not only retains the high-strength flood control and wave resistance safety performance of traditional seawalls, but also solves the defects of traditional ecological seawalls such as easy loss of substrate, easy siltation of water body, and single ecological function, improving the practicality and ecological adaptability of the seawall.

[0033] The above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall with erosion resistance, comprising a primary seawall (3) and a secondary seawall (8) arranged sequentially from sea to land, and an inter-seawall space located between the primary seawall (3) and the secondary seawall (8), characterized in that: The top of the first-level seawall (3) is provided with an ecological module area (2); The ecological module area (2) is composed of multiple prefabricated ecological modules (210) spliced ​​together. The side wall of the prefabricated ecological module (210) is provided with a connection locking mechanism (12) for interlocking and locking adjacent prefabricated ecological modules. The prefabricated ecological module (210) is provided with a porous plate (211) inside. The porous plate (211) divides the interior of the prefabricated ecological module (210) into an upper layer and a lower layer. The lower layer is a substrate layer for filling plant growth substrate, and the upper layer is a habitat layer for biological attachment. Wave-dissipating plants (4) are planted in the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module (210). The top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210) is detachably equipped with an anti-scouring component (11). The anti-scouring component (11) has a flow-guiding structure that prevents water flow from directly scouring the substrate layer, and the anti-scouring component (11) has a through hole in the center for the wave-dissipating plant (4) to pass through.

2. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-erosion component (11) is an inverted cone shape that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. The anti-erosion component (11) and the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module are fixed to each other by a detachable positioning connection mechanism. The positioning and connecting mechanism includes multiple positioning connecting rods (1101) fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the anti-scouring component (11), and multiple positioning mounting slots (1102) corresponding to the positioning connecting rods (1101) opened on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210). The positioning connecting rods (1101) are inserted into the positioning mounting slots (1102) and are snapped together by the cooperation of the protrusion and the groove.

3. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated ecological module (210) is a regular hexagon. The connecting and locking mechanism (12) includes a T-shaped connecting block (1201) and a limiting groove (1202). The three side walls of the regular hexagonal prefabricated ecological module (210) are respectively fixedly installed with T-shaped connecting blocks (1201), and the other three side walls are respectively provided with limiting grooves (1202) corresponding to the T-shaped connecting blocks (1201). Two adjacent prefabricated ecological modules (210) are spliced ​​and locked by the cooperation of the T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) and the limiting grooves (1202).

4. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforated plate (211) has multiple water-permeable holes (13).

5. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ecological slope protection (5) is provided on the inclined surfaces of the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8), and artificial reefs (6) are provided in the space between the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8).

6. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 5, characterized in that: The seawall (3) is provided with a twisted block slope protection (1) on the seaward side. A drainage pipe (10) is installed inside the seawall (3). One end of the drainage pipe (10) is connected to the artificial reef (6), and the other end is connected to the external water body on the seaward side.

7. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-breaking wall (7) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the secondary seawall (8).

8. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the first-level seawall (3) is fixedly installed with wave-damping grilles (9) on both sides of the ecological module area (2).

9. A construction method for building a multi-stage wave-dissipating ecological seawall with erosion resistance as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Foundation construction: The first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8) are constructed sequentially from the sea to the land. Twisted blocks are piled up on the seaward slope of the first-level seawall (3) to form a twisted block slope protection (1). Drainage pipes (10) are laid at the bottom of the space between the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8), so that one end of the drainage pipes (10) is connected to the space between the seawalls and the other end is connected to the external water body on the seaward side. S2. A prefabricated hexagonal ecological module (210) is constructed. A porous plate (211) is fixedly installed inside the prefabricated ecological module (210) to separate it into an upper habitat layer and a lower substrate layer. T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) are fixedly installed on three side walls of the prefabricated ecological module (210), and limiting grooves (1202) are opened on the other three side walls. A positioning installation groove (1102) is opened on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210). S3. Multiple prefabricated ecological modules (210) are spliced ​​and locked together by T-shaped connecting blocks (1201) and limiting grooves (1202) to form an ecological module area (2). Plant growth substrate is filled into the lower layer of each prefabricated ecological module (210) to form a substrate layer, and attached biological culture medium is placed into the upper layer to form a habitat layer. S4. Align the positioning connecting rod (1101) on the bottom surface of the anti-scouring component (11) with the positioning mounting groove (1102) on the top surface of the prefabricated ecological module (210) and insert it. Fix it by engaging the protrusion and the groove, so that the through hole in the center of the anti-scouring component (11) is aligned with the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module (210). S5. Plant wave-dissipating plants (4) in the through holes of the anti-scour component (11) and the top opening of the prefabricated ecological module (210), lay ecological slope protection (5) and plant wave-dissipating plants on the inclined surfaces of the first-level seawall (3) and the second-level seawall (8), arrange artificial reefs (6) in an alternating manner in the space between the seawalls, install wave-breaking walls (7) on the top surface of the second-level seawall (8), and install wave-breaking grilles (9) on the top surface of the first-level seawall (3) on the opposite sides of the ecological module area (2).

10. The erosion-resistant multi-stage wave-damping ecological seawall according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S3, the splicing method of the ecological module area (2) is as follows: first, a prefabricated ecological module (210) is fixed on the top of the first-level seawall (3) as a reference module, and then, with the reference module as the center, the remaining prefabricated ecological modules (210) are spliced ​​outward in sequence through the insertion and cooperation of T-shaped connecting block (1201) and limiting groove (1202) to form a honeycomb dense structure.

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