A dam two-way self-climbing construction platform and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of dam construction machines, which comprises a lower frame body, an upper formwork assembly, a plurality of hydraulic climbing assemblies, a horizontal moving structure and a control system; the lower frame body comprises a plurality of fixed modules and a sliding module along the dam section transversely, each fixed module and the sliding module are fixed to the dam body outside through a wall-attached piece; and the upper formwork assembly comprises an integral steel formwork and a plurality of stripping mechanisms. The application has the beneficial effect that: by dividing the lower frame body into a plurality of fixed modules and a sliding module along the dam section transversely, each fixed module is anchored to the dam body outside through a wall-attached piece, and the sliding module is only suspended below the frame main beam through the lower frame body trolley after the anchoring with the dam body is released in the sliding working condition, so that the horizontal cross-section sliding of the lower frame body partial modules between two dam sections is realized, and the fixed modules and the frame main beam remain in place to provide stable support for the sliding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam construction technology, and in particular to a two-way self-climbing construction platform for dams and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main technical solutions for concrete dam construction in China's water conservancy dams are as follows: First, traditional full-span scaffolding combined with loose formwork construction. This involves erecting full-span steel pipe scaffolding as a working platform, combined with loose wooden formwork or combined steel formwork for concrete pouring. This solution is technically mature and highly adaptable, but the process is cumbersome, and the dismantling and assembly of formwork and scaffolding is labor-intensive. Second, conventional hydraulic climbing formwork construction. This involves using hydraulic cylinders to drive the scaffolding to climb vertically along the pre-embedded wall attachments, achieving the overall lifting of the formwork system. This reduces the dismantling and assembly of formwork to some extent and improves construction efficiency. However, existing conventional climbing formwork is mostly a fixed structure for a single dam section. The scaffolding and formwork system can only climb vertically within the same dam section and cannot move laterally across the joints of the dam section. Third, tower crane combined with flip-form construction. This involves using tower cranes for vertical transportation of formwork and materials, combined with the flip-form process to complete concrete pouring. Tower cranes provide strong vertical transportation capabilities, but the formwork still needs to be repeatedly hoisted, flipped, and positioned, resulting in complex process connections and long tower crane usage time.

[0003] Based on the above-mentioned existing construction technologies, the following technical problems still urgently need to be solved in the continuous concrete pouring construction of dams: The inability to achieve continuous horizontal and vertical movement is a significant challenge. Existing climbing formwork equipment only has vertical climbing capabilities and lacks reliable horizontal movement mechanisms and guiding systems. The frame and formwork cannot be moved laterally between adjacent dam sections, leading to interruptions in construction connections between dam sections and hindering the continuity of the overall dam pouring. Furthermore, the formwork system has low efficiency in cross-dam section turnover. Under traditional construction methods, the use of formwork across dam sections requires complete dismantling, relocation, and reassembly, which is cumbersome and time-consuming, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-intensity, fast-paced dam construction.

[0004] Therefore, a bidirectional self-climbing construction platform for dams and its construction method are proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a two-way self-climbing construction platform for dams and its construction method, which solves the technical problems of cumbersome movement, disassembly and assembly, and low construction efficiency of existing dam concrete pouring construction platform structures.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a two-way self-climbing construction platform for dams, comprising: Lower frame, upper template assembly, multiple hydraulic climbing assemblies, horizontal movement structure and control system; The lower frame includes multiple fixed modules and one sliding module along the transverse direction of the dam section. Each fixed module and the sliding module are fixed to the outside of the dam body by wall-mounting components. The upper template assembly includes an integral steel template and multiple demolding mechanisms, and the multiple demolding mechanisms are connected to the integral steel template through template support members; The horizontally moving structure includes a main frame beam, a lower frame trolley, multiple template trolleys, and a driving component. The main frame beam extends laterally along the dam section and spans adjacent dam sections. The main frame beam is fixedly connected to the upper part of multiple fixed modules. The lower frame trolley is disposed on the upper part of the sliding module and slidably connected to the main frame beam, allowing the sliding module to slide laterally along the main frame beam between two dam sections. The template trolley is connected to the demolding mechanism and slidably connected to the main frame beam, allowing the upper template assembly to slide laterally along the main frame beam. The driving component is used to drive the sliding module and / or the upper template assembly to move laterally along the main frame beam. Each of the hydraulic climbing assemblies includes a guide rail and a matching linear drive unit. The guide rail is fixed to the outside of the dam body by a wall-mounted component. The lower frame is slidably connected to the guide rail. The linear drive unit is used to drive the lower frame to climb vertically along the guide rail. The lower frame has two working modes: climbing and sliding. In the climbing mode, the lower frame climbs vertically along the guide rail. In the sliding mode, the sliding module is released from the dam body and can slide laterally along the main beam of the frame. The control system is connected to the hydraulic climbing assembly, the horizontal moving structure and the demolding mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the fixing modules includes at least one load-bearing triangular frame and one unloading triangular frame, and the fixing module is fixedly connected to the main beam of the frame through the upper part of the load-bearing triangular frame; The sliding module includes two load-bearing tripods and an unloading tripod, which are together fixedly connected to the lower frame trolley.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving component includes a motor, an electric hoist, and a wire rope. The motor is disposed outside the lower frame trolley and is used to drive the lower frame trolley to slide relative to the main frame beam. The electric hoist is installed at one end of the main beam of the frame, and the output end of the electric hoist is connected to the lower part of any of the demolding mechanisms via a steel wire rope, so that any number of the demolding mechanisms can be driven to slide relative to the main beam of the frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the linear drive component includes a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic pump station, both of which are mounted on the load-bearing triangular frame. The hydraulic pump station and the hydraulic cylinder are connected via hydraulic oil pipes, and the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the guide rail.

[0010] Furthermore, the load-bearing triangular frame is provided with a plurality of sliding connectors on the side facing the guide rail, and the lower frame is vertically and slidably connected to the guide rail through the plurality of sliding connectors.

[0011] Furthermore, a first walkway plate is provided at the lower part of the lower frame, and a wall-mounted flap is provided on the side of the first walkway plate facing the dam body. The wall-mounted flap has a horizontal protection state and a flip-open state. In the horizontal protection state, the wall-mounted flap overlaps between the dam surface and the first walkway plate to form a closed walkway. In the flip-open state, the wall-mounted flap clears the wall attachments and guide rails to avoid interfering with the vertical climbing of the lower frame. The lower part of the upper template assembly is provided with a second walkway plate, which connects the template trolley and the demolding mechanism, and a ladder is provided between the first walkway plate and the second walkway plate.

[0012] A construction method based on a bidirectional self-climbing construction platform for dams includes the following cyclical construction steps: S1: Concrete construction of the first dam section: Using the initially positioned construction platform, wall-mounted components are set up. The fixed module and the sliding module are both anchored to the first dam section through the wall-mounted components. The overall steel formwork is made to fit the dam surface of the first dam section through the formwork removal device. The first layer of dam body reinforcement binding, formwork reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing of the first dam section are completed. The concrete strength is 75% of the design strength. S2: Lower frame cross-section sliding: Remove the wall attachments between the sliding module and the dam body, start the horizontal moving system, and the sliding module moves laterally along the main frame beam to the second dam section; after the sliding module arrives at the predetermined position in the second dam section, after confirming that the stress value of the frame body is ≤ the design allowable stress and the levelness deviation is ≤ 3mm, the limit fixation is completed by anchoring the wall attachment to the dam body, so that the main frame beam spanning the second dam section has sufficient support; S3: Overall Segmental Translation of Template: Activate the demolding device, the piston rod of the demolding hydraulic cylinder retracts to pull the back rib, causing the overall steel template to detach from the dam surface of the first dam segment; connect a demolding device via a steel wire rope, and activate the electric hoist to move the overall steel template along the main frame beam to the second dam segment; extend the piston rod of the demolding hydraulic cylinder, driving the overall steel template to approach the dam surface of the second dam segment, completing template alignment, leveling, and reinforcement; S4: Vertical Self-Climbing: After the concrete pouring of the second dam section is completed and the demolding conditions are met, the demolding device will retract the entire steel formwork, remove the outer wall attachments of the guide rail and install the upper layer of wall attachments. At the same time, the guide rail height is raised and connected and fixed with the upper layer of wall attachments, and the lower layer of wall attachments is removed. The adjacent wall flap is opened, and the hydraulic cylinder lifts the lower frame, realizing the synchronous vertical climbing of the frame and the formwork. After climbing to the position, the demolding device closes the entire steel formwork and begins the next layer of pouring. S5: Reverse cross-section sliding: After the current layer of the second dam section is completed and the strength meets the standard, the sliding module is moved in the reverse direction to the first dam section, and then re-anchored and fixed after it is in place; S6: Template Reverse Reset: Restart the electric hoist to move the upper template assembly from the second dam section back to the construction position of the first dam section; The process involves repeating steps S1 to S6, climbing layer by layer, and alternating pouring across dam sections until the entire dam body is poured.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the criteria for determining whether the sliding module has moved into place are: the displacement sensor shows a displacement deviation of ≤5mm, and the limiting block at the end of the main beam of the frame automatically engages in the positioning groove.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, the distance between the overall steel formwork and the dam surface is 30mm, and the verticality deviation after the formwork is moved to the second dam section is ≤2mm.

[0015] Furthermore, the construction method is applicable to the continuous pouring construction of vertical dam faces for roller-compacted concrete dams, normal concrete dams, gravity dams, and arch dams in water conservancy projects.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: The dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform and its construction method of the present invention divide the lower frame into multiple fixed modules and one sliding module along the dam section laterally. Each fixed module is anchored to the outside of the dam body through wall-mounted components. After the sliding module is released from its anchorage to the dam body under sliding conditions, it is suspended below the main beam of the frame only through the lower frame pulley. This realizes the horizontal cross-section sliding of some modules of the lower frame between two dam sections, while the fixed modules and the main beam of the frame remain in place to provide stable support for the sliding. This solves the problem that the template is not convenient to be moved and rotated laterally between adjacent dam sections. In addition, the vertical sliding connection between the guide rail and the lower frame in the hydraulic climbing assembly and the lifting drive of the linear drive component enable the same construction platform to achieve bidirectional continuous operation of vertical climbing and horizontal movement between adjacent dam sections. Through the alternating cycle of lower frame sliding and template translation, the layer-by-layer self-climbing and cross-dam section alternating pouring are completed, thereby realizing the continuous and rapid construction of dam concrete, greatly improving construction efficiency, reducing the cost of repeated equipment investment, and improving the safety of high-altitude operations. Meanwhile, the overall steel formwork is detached from the dam surface by the demolding mechanism in the upper formwork assembly, and the upper formwork assembly is moved horizontally along the same frame main beam to the adjacent dam section with the help of the formwork trolley and formwork driving components. This realizes the overall cross-section turnover of the formwork system without the need for dismantling, transporting and reassembling. It solves the problems of cumbersome procedures, long time consumption and difficulty in meeting the needs of high-intensity and fast-paced dam construction under the traditional construction method. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding module of the dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the horizontal movement of the dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the vertical climbing process of the dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Wall-mounted component; 2. Load-bearing tripod; 3. Unloading tripod; 4. First walkway slab; 5. Wall-mounted flap; 6. Hydraulic cylinder; 61. Sliding connector; 7. Hydraulic pump station; 8. Guide rail; 10. Main frame beam; 11. Lower frame trolley; 12. Motor; 13. Template trolley; 14. Second walkway slab; 15. Demolding mechanism; 16. Integral steel formwork; 17. Electric hoist; 18. Wire rope; 19. Walking passageway. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description presents a preferred embodiment of the various possible embodiments of the present invention, intended to provide a basic understanding of the invention, but not intended to identify key or decisive elements of the invention or to limit the scope of protection sought.

[0020] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0021] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures. Also, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the figures are not drawn to actual scale.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the circuits, electronic components and modules involved in this invention are all prior art, which can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art, and need not be elaborated upon. The content protected by this invention does not involve improvements to the internal structure and method.

[0024] It should be further noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The embodiments of the present invention provide a two-way self-climbing construction platform for dams, including a lower frame, an upper formwork assembly, a hydraulic climbing assembly, a horizontal moving structure, and a control system.

[0026] The lower frame is divided laterally along the dam section into multiple fixed modules and one sliding module. The fixed modules and the sliding module are connected by a walking passage 19.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, each fixed module includes at least one load-bearing triangular frame 2 and one unloading triangular frame 3. The load-bearing triangular frame 2 is welded from Q355B steel and includes a front upright, a rear diagonal brace, and a horizontal beam, forming a stable triangular load-bearing structure. The structure of the unloading triangular frame 3 is similar to that of the load-bearing triangular frame 2, but it mainly plays an auxiliary role in unloading and stabilization.

[0028] The fixed module is fixedly connected to the lower flange plate of the main frame beam 10 by high-strength bolts through the upper horizontal beam of the load-bearing triangular frame 2, thereby transferring the load of the main frame beam 10 to the fixed module, and finally to the dam body through the wall attachment 1.

[0029] The sliding module's load-bearing triangular frame 2 is also equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 6 and a hydraulic pump station 7 for the hydraulic climbing assembly.

[0030] The horizontally movable structure includes a main frame beam 10, a lower frame trolley 11, a template trolley 13, and a driving component. The main frame beam 10 is an H-shaped steel beam that extends laterally along the dam section and spans the adjacent first and second dam sections. The lower flange of the main frame beam 10 is fixedly connected to the upper part of multiple fixed modules by high-strength bolts, and is supported on the outside of the dam body by the multiple fixed modules.

[0031] The lower frame trolley 11 includes a frame, load-bearing rollers, and lateral guide wheels. The frame is fixed to the top of the load-bearing triangular frame on the upper part of the sliding module by welding or high-strength bolts; the load-bearing rollers support the upper surface of the lower flange plate of the main frame beam 10, and the lateral guide wheels are clamped on both sides of the web plate of the main frame beam 10. This allows the sliding module to slide smoothly laterally along the main frame beam 10, while the lateral guide wheels limit the lateral sway of the sliding module, ensuring the accuracy of the sliding trajectory.

[0032] The sliding module includes two load-bearing triangular frames 2 and one unloading triangular frame 3. The tops of the two load-bearing triangular frames 2 and the unloading triangular frame 3 are welded or bolted to the frame of the lower frame trolley 11, forming an independent sliding unit.

[0033] The formwork trolley 13 includes a pulley frame and traveling rollers. The traveling rollers are supported on the upper flange plate of the main frame beam 10. The upper formwork assembly is suspended above the main frame beam 10 by the formwork trolley 13 and can slide laterally along the main frame beam 10.

[0034] The sliding module of the lower frame and the upper template assembly share the same main frame beam 10 as a lateral movement guide, but are located below and above the main frame beam 10 respectively, without interfering with each other, and ensuring the parallelism and synchronization of the movement of the lower frame and the template.

[0035] The driving components include a lower frame driving component and a template driving component. The lower frame driving component includes a motor 12, which is fixed to the frame of the lower frame trolley 11. The motor 12 drives the load-bearing rollers, causing the lower frame trolley 11 to move along the main beam 10 of the frame. The template driving component includes an electric hoist 17 and a wire rope 18. The electric hoist 17 is fixed to one end of the main beam 10 of the frame, and the wire rope 18 is arranged along the main beam 10 of the frame, with its free end connected to the demolding mechanism 15.

[0036] The upper formwork assembly is moved horizontally along the main beam 10 of the frame by raising and lowering the wire rope 18 via the electric hoist 17. The sliding of the lower frame and the horizontal movement of the formwork are driven by independent drive components, which can be controlled separately according to the construction rhythm or linked by the control system. When the formwork moves horizontally, the wire rope directly pulls the formwork support components, so that multiple demolding mechanisms 15 and the overall steel formwork 16 move synchronously to avoid formwork deformation.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, each hydraulic climbing assembly includes a guide rail 8 and a linear drive component.

[0038] The guide rail 8 is a combination of double-limb channel steel or H-beam steel, and is detachably connected to the outside of the dam body via the external mounting bracket 1. The front of the guide rail 8 faces the lower frame.

[0039] Multiple sliding connectors 61 are provided on the side of the load-bearing triangular frame 2 facing the guide rail 8. The sliding connectors 61 are welded to the front upright of the load-bearing triangular frame 2 and embedded in the sliding grooves on the inner or outer side of the flange of the guide rail 8 to form a vertical sliding connection.

[0040] The cylinder body of hydraulic cylinder 6 is hinged to the horizontal beam of load-bearing triangular frame 2 via a pin, and the piston rod (movable end) of hydraulic cylinder 6 is connected to the middle or upper part of guide rail 8 via a pin. Hydraulic pump station 7 is fixed on load-bearing triangular frame 2 and is connected to hydraulic cylinder 6 via high-pressure oil pipe.

[0041] During the climbing operation, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 6 extends. Since the guide rail 8 is fixed to the dam body through the wall attachment 1, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is lifted in the opposite direction, thereby driving the lower frame to slide upward along the guide rail 8 for one stroke.

[0042] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the upper template assembly includes an integral steel template 16 and multiple demolding mechanisms 15.

[0043] The integral steel formwork 16 is a customized large steel formwork with a panel thickness of not less than 6mm. The back is welded with crisscrossing ribs and is connected to the demolding mechanism 15 through formwork support components. The formwork support components include back ribs and triangular supports.

[0044] The back ribs are double channel steel or square steel pipes, arranged horizontally along the back of the integral steel formwork 16, and fixedly connected to the ribs of the integral steel formwork 16 by welding or bolts; the triangular supports are welded between the back ribs and the integral steel formwork 16 to form a rigid support system.

[0045] The mold release mechanism 15 includes a mold release hydraulic cylinder and a mounting base. The mounting base is fixed to the second walkway plate 14 by bolts; the cylinder body of the mold release hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the mounting base, and the end of the piston rod abuts against the back rib through a ball joint or a flat support.

[0046] When the formwork is demolded, the piston rod of the demolding hydraulic cylinder retracts synchronously, pulling the back rib, so that the entire steel formwork 16 moves backward by about 30mm, smoothly separating from the dam surface concrete and eliminating the adhesion force; when the formwork is closed, the piston rod extends, and the entire steel formwork 16 is reset under hydraulic action and fits against the dam surface.

[0047] Multiple demolding mechanisms 15 are evenly arranged along the back rib and operate synchronously, so that the entire steel formwork 16 moves forward and backward in parallel, avoiding the disassembly and assembly of individual formwork pieces, greatly saving process time, and the demolding force is uniform, protecting the concrete forming surface.

[0048] The second walkway 14 is horizontally positioned below the upper template assembly. Its inner side is connected to the template trolley 13 via a vertical hanger, and its outer side is connected to the template support via a demolding mechanism 15. A ladder is provided between the second walkway 14 and the first walkway 4 of the lower frame, forming a vertically connected working passage.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the first walkway 4 of the lower frame is hinged to the side facing the dam via a hinge with a wall-mounted flap 5. The wall-mounted flap 5 is horizontally connected between the first walkway 4 and the dam surface, with its free end abutting against the dam surface, forming a closed edge protection to prevent personnel and materials from falling, while also serving a certain limiting function; during the climbing operation, the wall-mounted flap 5 rotates upward about 90° around the hinge to a vertical position, clearing the position of the wall attachment 1 and the guide rail 8, and avoiding interference with the protruding wall attachment 1 on the dam surface when the lower frame moves vertically.

[0050] The control system includes a centralized control cabinet, distributed I / O modules, a sensor network, and power supply lines. The centralized control cabinet is located in the middle of the lower frame and is electrically connected to the hydraulic pump station 7, the motor 12 of the lower frame drive component, the electric hoist 17 of the template drive component, and the solenoid valve of the demolding hydraulic cylinder via waterproof cables.

[0051] The sensor network includes: a displacement sensor mounted on the lower frame trolley 11 to detect the lateral displacement of the sliding module; a stroke sensor and a pressure sensor mounted on the hydraulic cylinder 6 to detect the climbing stroke and load; an inclination sensor and a stress-strain sensor mounted on the lower frame to monitor the levelness of the frame and structural stress; and limit switches mounted at both ends of the main beam 10 of the frame.

[0052] The control system has a built-in PLC control program to implement the following interlock logic: when the climbing mode is started, the control system locks the lower frame drive component and the template drive component, prohibiting lateral movement; when the sliding mode is started, the control system locks the hydraulic pump station 7 and the demolding hydraulic cylinder, prohibiting vertical climbing and template advance and retreat; when the demolding mechanism 15 is activated, the control system locks the hydraulic pump station 7, prohibiting frame climbing.

[0053] Construction Method Examples The following is combined Figure 5 and Figure 6 This document details the specific steps involved in constructing a dam using the construction platform of this invention, specifically the bidirectional self-climbing method.

[0054] S1: Concrete construction of the first dam section like Figure 5In the initial state, both the fixed module and the sliding module are anchored to the first dam section via wall-mounted components 1, and the integral steel formwork 16 fits against the dam surface of the first dam section. After the construction workers complete the reinforcement binding, embedded part installation, and formwork reinforcement (such as tightening tie bolts) of the first layer of the first dam section on the first walkway 4 and the second walkway 14 of the lower frame, concrete is poured and cured. Once the concrete strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the conditions for formwork removal and frame movement are met.

[0055] S2: Lower frame cross-section sliding like Figure 5 The anchorage of the sliding module to the dam body is released (i.e., the bolts of the external mounting bracket of the corresponding sliding module to the wall-mounted component 1 are removed), so that the sliding module is suspended below the main beam 10 of the frame only by the lower frame trolley 11. The motor 12 of the lower frame drive is started, driving the load-bearing rollers of the lower frame trolley 11 to roll along the lower flange of the main beam 10 of the frame, and the sliding module moves laterally to the second dam section. When the displacement sensor detects that the sliding module has reached the predetermined position of the second dam section, and the limiting block set at the end of the main beam 10 of the frame automatically engages with the positioning groove on the sliding module frame, the motor 12 stops. At this time, the wall-mounted component 1 of the sliding module is re-anchored to the dam body of the second dam section. After the monitoring system confirms that the stress value of the frame body is ≤ the design allowable stress and the levelness deviation is ≤ 3mm, the limiting fixation is completed.

[0056] In this step, only part of the frame (sliding module) is moved, while the fixed module and the main frame beam 10 remain in place, which greatly reduces the weight of movement. Moreover, the main frame beam 10 is always supported by the fixed module, ensuring the stability of the sliding process.

[0057] S3: Template overall cross-segment translation First, the demolding mechanism 15 is activated, and the piston rods of each demolding hydraulic cylinder retract synchronously, pulling the back brace and smoothly separating the integral steel formwork 16 from the first dam section surface by about 30mm, eliminating the adhesion between the formwork and the concrete. Then, the electric hoist 17 of the formwork drive unit is activated, winding up the wire rope 18. The wire rope 18, through the lifting point connected to the lower part of the demolding mechanism 15, pulls the entire upper formwork assembly. The traveling rollers of the formwork trolley 13 roll along the upper flange plate of the frame main beam 10, and the entire upper formwork assembly is moved horizontally to the predetermined position of the second dam section. After reaching the position, the piston rods of the demolding hydraulic cylinders extend, and the integral steel formwork 16, under hydraulic pressure, approaches the second dam section surface. Adjustments are made manually or automatically to ensure that the verticality deviation of the formwork is ≤2mm, followed by reinforcement.

[0058] This step eliminates the need for dismantling, transporting, and reassembling the entire template. It allows for easy transfer between adjacent dam sections by moving the template as a whole, reducing the template transfer time across dam sections from several days in the traditional method to just a few hours.

[0059] S4: Vertical self-climbing like Figure 6 As shown, after the first layer of concrete in the second dam section is poured and the demolding conditions are met, the demolding mechanism 15 is activated to retract the overall steel formwork 16 by approximately 30mm. The connection between the guide rail 8 and the lower wall attachment 1 is released, and the upper wall attachment 1 is installed. An auxiliary chain hoist is used to lift the guide rail 8 to the position of the upper wall attachment 1 and re-secure it. The adjacent wall flap 5 is opened to the flipped state, clearing the position of the wall attachment 1. The hydraulic pump station 7 is activated, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 6 extends. Since the guide rail 8 is fixed to the upper layer, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the lower frame and the upper formwork assembly to slide upwards along the guide rail 8 by one stroke (300mm). After reaching the desired position, the adjacent wall flap 5 is reset to the horizontal protective state, the demolding mechanism 15 closes the overall steel formwork 16, and the second layer of concrete is poured.

[0060] In this step, the frame and formwork are raised synchronously, eliminating the need for repeated disassembly and assembly, thus enabling the continuous pouring of dam concrete layer by layer.

[0061] S5: Reverse Segment Slide After the second layer of concrete in the second dam section is completed and the strength meets the standard, the wall attachment 1 between the sliding module and the second dam section is released again. The lower frame drive is then activated to move the sliding module in the opposite direction to the first dam section. After it is in place, it is re-anchored and fixed.

[0062] S6: Template Reverse Reset Reactivate the formwork release mechanism 15 to detach the overall steel formwork 16 from the dam surface of the second dam section, and activate the electric hoist 17 to move the upper formwork assembly from the second dam section back to the construction position of the first dam section, completing the preparation for a new round of construction.

[0063] The process involves repeating the six steps from S1 to S6, climbing layer by layer, and alternating pouring across dam sections until the entire dam body concrete is poured.

[0064] In this document, the directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the location of the components in the accompanying drawings and their relative positions to each other, solely for the purpose of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that these are relative concepts and can vary depending on the method of use and placement; the use of directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0065] Where there is no conflict, the above embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0066] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional self-climbing construction platform for dams, characterized in that, include: Lower frame, upper template assembly, multiple hydraulic climbing assemblies, horizontal movement structure and control system; The lower frame includes multiple fixed modules and a sliding module along the transverse direction of the dam section. Each fixed module and the sliding module are fixed to the outside of the dam body by wall-mounted components (1). The upper template assembly includes an integral steel template (16) and multiple demolding mechanisms (15), and the multiple demolding mechanisms (15) are connected to the integral steel template (16) through template support members. The horizontal moving structure includes a main frame beam (10), a lower frame trolley (11), multiple template trolleys (13), and a driving component. The main frame beam (10) extends laterally along the dam section and spans adjacent dam sections. The main frame beam (10) is fixedly connected to the upper part of multiple fixed modules. The lower frame trolley (11) is disposed on the upper part of the sliding module and is slidably connected to the main frame beam (10), so that the sliding module can slide laterally along the main frame beam between two dam sections. The template trolleys (13) are connected to the demolding mechanism (15) and are slidably connected to the main frame beam (10), so that the upper template assembly can slide laterally along the main frame beam (10). The driving component is used to drive the sliding module and / or the upper template assembly to move laterally along the main frame beam (10). Each of the hydraulic climbing assemblies includes a guide rail (8) and a matching linear drive component. The guide rail (8) is fixed to the outside of the dam body by a wall-mounted component (1). The lower frame is slidably connected to the guide rail. The linear drive component is used to drive the lower frame to climb vertically along the guide rail. The lower frame has two working modes: climbing mode and sliding mode. In the climbing mode, the lower frame climbs vertically along the guide rail (8). In the sliding mode, the sliding module is released from the dam body and can slide laterally along the main beam of the frame (10). The control system is connected to the hydraulic climbing assembly, the horizontal moving structure and the demolding mechanism (15) respectively.

2. The dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the fixing modules includes at least one load-bearing triangular frame (2) and one unloading triangular frame (3), and the fixing module is fixedly connected to the main beam of the frame (10) through the upper part of the load-bearing triangular frame (2); The sliding module includes two load-bearing triangular frames (2) and an unloading triangular frame (3), which are fixedly connected to the lower frame trolley (11).

3. The dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The driving components include a motor (12), an electric hoist (17), and a wire rope (18). The motor (12) is located outside the lower frame trolley (11) and is used to drive the lower frame trolley (11) to slide relative to the main beam (10) of the frame. The electric hoist (17) is located at one end of the main beam (10) of the frame. The output end of the electric hoist (17) is connected to the lower part of any of the demolding mechanisms (15) via a wire rope (18), so that any number of the demolding mechanisms (15) can be driven to slide relative to the main beam (10).

4. The dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The linear drive unit includes a hydraulic cylinder (6) and a hydraulic pump station (7). Both the hydraulic pump station (7) and the hydraulic cylinder (6) are mounted on the load-bearing triangular frame (2). The hydraulic pump station (7) and the hydraulic cylinder (6) are connected through hydraulic oil pipes. The movable end of the hydraulic cylinder (6) is connected to the guide rail (8).

5. The dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The load-bearing triangular frame (2) is provided with a plurality of sliding connectors (61) on one side facing the guide rail (8), and the lower frame is vertically slidably connected to the guide rail (8) through the plurality of sliding connectors (61).

6. The dam bidirectional self-climbing construction platform as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the lower frame is provided with a first walkway plate (4), and the side of the first walkway plate (4) facing the dam body is provided with a wall-mounted flap (5). The wall-mounted flap (5) has a horizontal protection state and a flip-open state. In the horizontal protection state, the wall-mounted flap (5) overlaps between the dam surface and the first walkway plate (4) to form a closed walkway. In the flip-open state, the wall-mounted flap (5) makes way for the wall attachment (1) and the guide rail (8) to avoid interfering with the vertical climbing of the lower frame. The upper template assembly is provided with a second walkway plate (14) at the lower part. The second walkway plate (14) connects the template trolley (13) and the demolding mechanism (15). A ladder is provided between the first walkway plate (4) and the second walkway plate (14).

7. A construction method based on the bidirectional self-climbing construction platform for a dam as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The following cyclical construction steps are included: S1: Concrete construction of the first dam section: Using the initially positioned construction platform, wall-mounted components are set up. The fixed module and the sliding module are both anchored to the first dam section through the wall-mounted components. The overall steel formwork is made to fit the dam surface of the first dam section through the formwork removal device. The first layer of dam body reinforcement binding, formwork reinforcement, concrete pouring and curing of the first dam section are completed. The concrete strength is 75% of the design strength. S2: Lower frame cross-section sliding: Remove the wall attachments between the sliding module and the dam body, start the horizontal moving system, and the sliding module moves laterally along the main frame beam to the second dam section; after the sliding module arrives at the predetermined position in the second dam section, after confirming that the stress value of the frame body is ≤ the design allowable stress and the levelness deviation is ≤ 3mm, the limit fixation is completed by anchoring the wall attachment to the dam body, so that the main frame beam spanning the second dam section has sufficient support; S3: Overall Segmental Translation of Template: Activate the demolding device, the piston rod of the demolding hydraulic cylinder retracts to pull the back rib, causing the overall steel template to detach from the dam surface of the first dam segment; connect a demolding device via a steel wire rope, and activate the electric hoist to move the overall steel template along the main frame beam to the second dam segment; extend the piston rod of the demolding hydraulic cylinder, driving the overall steel template to approach the dam surface of the second dam segment, completing template alignment, leveling, and reinforcement; S4: Vertical self-climbing: After the concrete pouring of the second dam section is completed and the demolding conditions are met, the demolding device will remove the entire steel formwork, remove the outer wall attachments of the guide rail and install the upper layer of wall attachments. At the same time, after raising the height of the guide rail, it will be connected and fixed to the upper layer of wall attachments, and the lower layer of wall attachments will be removed. Open the wall-mounted flap, and the hydraulic cylinder will lift the lower frame, achieving synchronous vertical climbing of the frame and the formwork; after climbing to the position, the formwork release device will close the integral steel formwork, and the next layer of pouring will begin; S5: Reverse cross-section sliding: After the current layer of the second dam section is completed and the strength meets the standard, the sliding module is moved in the reverse direction to the first dam section, and then re-anchored and fixed after it is in place; S6: Template Reverse Reset: Restart the electric hoist to move the upper template assembly from the second dam section back to the construction position of the first dam section; The process involves repeating steps S1 to S6, climbing layer by layer, and alternating pouring across dam sections until the entire dam body is poured.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the criteria for determining whether the sliding module has moved into place are: the displacement sensor shows a displacement deviation of ≤5mm, and the limiting block at the end of the main beam of the frame automatically engages in the positioning groove.

9. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the distance between the overall steel formwork and the dam surface is 30mm, and the verticality deviation is ≤2mm after the formwork is moved to the second dam section.

10. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The construction method described herein is applicable to the continuous pouring construction of vertical dam faces for roller-compacted concrete dams, normal concrete dams, gravity dams, and arch dams in water conservancy projects.

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