Damp-proof ground cloth based on reverse active drainage principle of electro-osmosis

Abstract

The application discloses a reverse active drainage moisture-proof ground cloth based on the principle of electro-osmosis, comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer, a porous insulating isolation layer, a power supply module and a plurality of humidity sensors. The anode layer and the cathode layer are both flexible conductive fabric layers, the anode layer is in contact with a moisture-proof base layer or soil on one side, and the cathode layer is arranged on the other side, and the isolation layer is arranged between the two poles to realize electrical insulation and maintain a distance. The anode layer and / or the cathode layer are divided into a plurality of electrically isolated independent sections, the power supply module is a multi-channel independent output module, a direct current voltage is only applied to the section with humidity exceeding a preset threshold according to the detection value of each humidity sensor, and water is driven to migrate from the anode side to the cathode side by electro-osmosis. The application realizes accurate drainage in sections by cooperation of electrode partition and distributed humidity detection, improves the response capability of the system to local humidity unevenness, and solves the problems of power waste in dry areas and insufficient drainage in humid areas under the existing overall power supply mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of humidity control technology, and in particular to a reverse active drainage moisture-proof floor covering based on the principle of electroosmosis. Background Technology

[0002] Underground engineering structures, building foundations, and tunnel linings are often exposed to damp environments. Capillary water and seepage water continuously penetrate the structure through micropores, leading to dampness, mold, and durability damage such as steel reinforcement corrosion and insulation failure. To prevent moisture intrusion, common methods include laying waterproof membranes or applying waterproof coatings to the water-facing side of the structure. However, these passive physical barriers lose their overall waterproofing ability after construction defects or material aging and cracking, and cannot actively drain water that has already seeped into the structure or the underlying soil. Another type of drainage measure involves installing drainage boards, gravel blind drains, or sump pits, using gravity or hydraulic gradients to guide water away. However, these require a certain drainage slope and are not effective for horizontal foundations, arches, or other areas without gradients, or for scenarios requiring upward drainage.

[0003] To address the aforementioned limitations, active drainage technology based on the principle of electroosmosis has gradually gained attention. This technology involves placing an anode on the soil side and a cathode on the free side, applying a DC electric field to drive hydrated cations in the soil to migrate directionally from the anode to the cathode, thereby displacing moisture from the structural surface and achieving "bottom-up" drainage without relying on a hydraulic gradient. Existing solutions apply electroosmosis technology to wall damp-proofing, for example, drilling holes in the wall to embed metal rods as anodes and attaching metal mesh to the wall surface as cathodes, with voltage applied via a controller. However, the electrodes in such solutions are mostly rigid components, requiring extensive drilling, embedding, and wiring work on-site, resulting in low construction efficiency and some damage to existing structures. Furthermore, metal anodes exhibit significant corrosion problems in acidic and humid environments, and the electrode spacing is difficult to maintain precisely uniformly, leading to uneven electric field distribution and frequent instances of insufficient or excessively dry drainage. Some manufacturers use conductive plastic extruded drainage boards as electrodes, but the boards still have a certain rigidity, making them impossible to roll up for transport. They are also difficult to adapt to uneven base surfaces or curved structures. When laying them, they need to be cut and spliced ​​according to the actual shape, and the joint treatment is complicated. Overall, the convenience and adaptability of construction are still insufficient.

[0004] More importantly, existing electro-osmotic moisture-proofing systems generally employ rather crude methods for humidity control. Whether using metal rod arrays or conductive plastic plates, their power supply control is mostly a global start-stop mode. This means that once the system is turned on, all electrodes in the entire installation area are simultaneously energized, failing to provide zoned control based on localized humidity differences in different locations. In actual engineering projects, the moisture content of the substrate soil is often unevenly distributed, with significantly higher humidity in areas near leakage points or water sources, while areas far from water sources are relatively dry. Under the global power supply mode, continuous energization of dry areas not only wastes energy but may also lead to soil shrinkage and cracking due to excessive drainage; while damp areas may suffer from insufficient drainage efficiency due to the even distribution of electric field strength, affecting the overall uniformity of the moisture-proofing effect. Some solutions incorporate humidity sensors to monitor ambient humidity, but these are only used to control the overall start-stop threshold of the system and are not integrated with the zoned structure of the electrodes, failing to achieve precise drainage control based on spatial differences.

[0005] It is evident that existing electro-osmotic moisture-proof devices cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of flexibility and rollability, ease of installation, stable and controllable electrode spacing, and precise drainage based on local humidity differences. Therefore, how to provide an electro-osmotic moisture-proof flooring that can be flexibly laid and selectively driven to drain water according to the actual humidity conditions of each area has become a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a reverse active drainage moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis. By dividing the electrodes into multiple independent sections and selectively supplying power to each section by a multi-channel output module according to the detection values ​​of distributed humidity sensors, the electroosmotic drainage system improves its accurate response capability to uneven local humidity distribution and solves the problem of wasted power in dry areas and insufficient drainage in humid areas under the overall power supply mode of existing systems.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides a reverse active drainage moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis, comprising: an anode layer, a cathode layer, a porous insulating layer, a power supply module, and several humidity sensors; Both the anode layer and the cathode layer are flexible conductive fabric layers; The anode layer faces the base layer or soil to be protected from moisture on one side, and the cathode layer is disposed on the other side of the anode layer; The porous insulating layer is disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer, so that the anode layer and the cathode layer are electrically insulated from each other and are separated by a preset distance; The anode layer and / or the cathode layer are divided into multiple electrically isolated independent sections; The positive terminal of the power supply module is connected to the anode layer, and its negative terminal is connected to the cathode layer. It is used to apply DC voltage so that the moisture in the base layer or soil to be protected from moisture migrates from the anode layer side to the cathode layer side under the action of electroosmosis. The power supply module is a multi-channel independent output module, which supplies power only to the independent segment where the humidity detection value exceeds a preset threshold, based on the detection value of each humidity sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, both the anode layer and the cathode layer are woven from conductive polymer fibers, and the surface of the anode layer facing the cathode layer is coated with a water-permeable cation exchange membrane coating, while the surface of the cathode layer facing the anode layer is coated with a coating that inhibits scale formation.

[0009] Furthermore, the conductive polymer fiber is selected from polypyrrole / polyester composite fiber or carbon fiber / polypropylene blended yarn; The cation exchange membrane coating is a perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer or a sulfonated polyether ether ketone layer. The scale-inhibiting coating is an iridium oxide layer or a polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the power supply module is a pulse generator, and its output voltage waveform is a periodic pulse sequence, each cycle including: a forward drainage pulse, a power-off interval, and a reverse cleaning pulse. The polarity of the reverse cleaning pulse is opposite to that of the forward draining pulse, the voltage amplitude of the reverse cleaning pulse is less than that of the forward draining pulse, and the duration of the reverse cleaning pulse is shorter than that of the forward draining pulse.

[0011] Furthermore, the power supply module also includes a humidity feedback regulator, which dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse sequence based on the real-time detected soil moisture content: increasing the duty cycle when the moisture content is higher than a first threshold, and decreasing the duty cycle when the moisture content is lower than a second threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the power supply module includes an automatic electric field direction switching circuit. The automatic switching circuit is pre-set with an initialization program. The initialization program is used to first apply a reverse voltage for a first preset duration to form an initial ion distribution gradient on the surfaces of the cathode layer and the anode layer, and then switch back to the forward drainage working mode.

[0013] Furthermore, the automatic switching circuit also includes a timer for automatically applying the reverse voltage once every second preset duration, with each application lasting for a third preset duration, to remove trace deposits accumulated on the cathode layer surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the plurality of humidity sensors are distributed and embedded on the surface of the anode layer facing the substrate or soil to be protected from moisture, or embedded inside the anode layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the multiple electrically isolated independent segments of the anode layer and the cathode layer are arranged in a regular grid pattern, and each independent segment corresponds to one humidity sensor; The multi-channel independent output module adopts a matrix addressing method and supplies power to the independent sections that need drainage through row and column scanning.

[0016] Furthermore, a hydrophilic porous absorption layer is provided on the soil-facing side of the anode layer to maintain a continuous water film between the soil and the anode.

[0017] The above-described technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By setting both the anode and cathode layers as flexible conductive fabric layers and maintaining the electrode spacing with a flexible porous insulating layer, the entire moisture-proof flooring can be rolled up and unfolded like cloth, and can be arbitrarily cut to fit uneven base surfaces and curved structures. There is no need for on-site drilling or embedding of rigid electrodes, which greatly improves construction efficiency and does not damage the existing structure. At the same time, the electrodes woven from conductive polymer fibers have no risk of metal corrosion in humid environments. Combined with the water-permeable cation exchange membrane coating on the anode surface and the scale-inhibiting coating on the cathode surface, it can maintain a stable electric field distribution and drainage efficiency for a long time, solving the problems of difficult construction, easy corrosion and electrical performance degradation of existing rigid electrode systems. 2. By dividing the anode layer and / or cathode layer into multiple electrically isolated independent sections and setting up distributed humidity sensors to sense the local moisture content of each area in real time, and with the help of multi-channel independent output modules to supply power only to sections where the humidity exceeds a preset threshold, the drainage activity is precisely concentrated in the humid areas and automatically stops in the dry areas. This avoids the energy waste and soil shrinkage and cracking risks caused by excessive drainage under the existing overall power supply mode; it upgrades the water migration driven by electro-osmosis from "undifferentiated operation throughout the area" to "spatial differentiated on-demand response", which significantly improves drainage efficiency and energy utilization and ensures balanced humidity control of the entire moisture-proof surface. 3. Through multiple control strategies, including pulse sequence output, timed reverse cleaning, and initial ion gradient formation integrated into the power supply module, the system can actively suppress scale accumulation and concentration polarization effects on the electrode surface, ensuring that the cathode maintains high-efficiency drainage capacity for a long time and that the anode maintains good electrical contact with the soil. Furthermore, by combining the dynamic adjustment of the pulse duty cycle by the humidity feedback regulator, the system can automatically switch the drainage intensity according to changes in moisture content, and work with the hydrophilic porous absorption layer to maintain a continuous water film between the soil and the anode, ensuring that an effective electroosmotic channel can still be established under dry conditions. The synergistic effect of the above control mechanisms and structural design means that the ground cover does not require frequent manual maintenance during long-term operation, solving the problem of gradual decline in drainage efficiency caused by electrode passivation and water film breakage in existing electroosmotic systems. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the reverse active drainage moisture-proof ground cover based on the principle of electroosmosis provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the surface coating structure of the anode layer and cathode layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in which the anode layer and cathode layer are divided into multiple independent sections and the humidity sensors are distributed.

[0019] Figure label: 1. Hydrophilic porous absorption layer; 2. Cation exchange membrane coating; 3. Anode layer; 4. Porous insulating layer; 5. Cathode layer; 6. Scale-inhibiting coating; 7. Power supply module; 8. Humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1This invention provides a reverse active drainage moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis, comprising: an anode layer 3, a cathode layer 5, a porous insulating layer 4, and a power supply module; both the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 are flexible conductive fabric layers; one side of the anode layer 3 faces the substrate or soil to be moisture-proofed, and the cathode layer 5 is disposed on the other side of the anode layer 3; the porous insulating layer 4 is disposed between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5, so that the anode layer and the cathode layer are electrically insulated and spaced at a preset distance; the positive terminal of the power supply module is connected to the anode layer 3, and its negative terminal is connected to the cathode layer 5, for applying DC voltage, so that the moisture in the substrate or soil to be moisture-proofed migrates from the anode layer 3 side to the cathode layer 5 side under the action of electroosmosis.

[0022] The aforementioned moisture-proof flooring adopts a layered composite structure. The anode layer 3 is positioned on the side closest to the substrate or soil to be protected from moisture, while the cathode layer 5 is positioned on the opposite side away from the soil. A porous insulating layer 4 is located between the two layers. The power supply module is electrically connected to both the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5. The spatial relationship between the layers allows the flooring to form an electrode pair. The DC electric field provided by the power supply module can penetrate the insulating layer and act on the damp medium in contact with the anode layer 3. This solution, which integrates the electrodes, insulating layer, and external power supply module into a single, layable structure, differs from traditional electro-osmotic drainage systems that require dispersed installation of electrodes and wiring on-site, simplifying the on-site construction process. The layered structure ensures that the electric field direction remains basically consistent in the direction perpendicular to the flooring plane. The spacing between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 is maintained by the porous insulating layer 4, preventing excessive deviations in local electric field strength due to spacing variations. The power supply module, as an independent unit, is connected to the electrode layer via wires. It can be placed outside the edge of the flooring or integrated with the flooring body according to actual needs, thereby reducing the complexity of on-site wiring.

[0023] Both the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 are made of flexible conductive fabric, such as a fabric layer woven from conductive fibers. This fabric possesses both excellent conductivity and the mechanical properties of repeated bending and rolling. This fabric structure allows the entire floor covering to be rolled up and unrolled like cloth, adapting to uneven base surfaces, curved surfaces, or localized uneven structures. During installation, extensive leveling of the original base surface is unnecessary, and it can be directly cut and spliced ​​according to site dimensions, reducing material waste and construction difficulty. Compared to metal sheets, rods, or conductive plastic extrusion sheets, the conductive fabric layer significantly reduces the bending stiffness of the electrode layers while maintaining charge conduction capacity. During transportation, the floor covering can be rolled into a cylindrical shape, saving storage and transportation space; during installation, it can be applied along irregular areas such as corners and around pipe perforations, expanding the adaptability of electro-osmotic drainage technology to complex building contours. The warp and weft weave gaps between the conductive fibers and the inherent deformability of the fibers themselves also facilitate closer contact with the soil or base layer, increasing the effective area of ​​the electromigration interface.

[0024] The anode layer 3 has one side facing the soil or damp base layer to be drained. This surface comes into direct contact with the moisture source, either directly or through an auxiliary contact layer, during installation. The cathode layer 5 is located on the opposite side of the anode layer 3, away from the soil, closer to the open surface or the interior space of the building. This positional relationship determines that the direction of moisture migration is from the anode side to the cathode side, and the driving direction is consistent with the direction of decreasing humidity. Under the principle of electroosmosis, pore water in the soil or base layer near the anode layer 3 is driven by the electric field to move towards the cathode layer 5, thereby drawing moisture away from the interface with the structure. The close proximity of the anode layer 3 to the soil shortens the attenuation distance of the electric field in the soil, allowing more effective potential to act on the capillary water in the near-interface region, which is beneficial to improving drainage efficiency. The cathode layer 5 is located away from the soil, facilitating the evaporation of moisture to the external environment or its removal through other auxiliary means after reaching the cathode layer 5, avoiding repeated accumulation of moisture between the soil and the structure.

[0025] The primary function of the porous insulating layer 4 is to provide electrical isolation between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5, preventing direct contact between the two electrodes and thus avoiding short circuits. This ensures that the voltage applied by the power supply module is fully applied to the soil and the water migration path within it. The insulating layer 4 also features a porous structure with interconnected pores, providing a channel for water migrating from the anode side to pass through the insulating layer and reach the cathode layer 5, preventing the dense insulating layer from obstructing water transport. The insulating layer 4 provides a predetermined spacing between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 in the thickness direction. This spacing is designed by considering both the breakdown field strength and the ion migration path length. Too small a spacing can easily lead to partial discharge or breakdown risks under high voltage or humid conditions, while too large a spacing increases the ion migration path length within the insulating layer, reducing the drainage rate. By selecting an appropriate thickness for the insulating layer, a balance can be achieved between safe insulation and drainage efficiency. The porous material can be selected from insulating non-woven fabrics, porous polymer membranes, etc., and its porosity and thickness can be configured according to actual engineering needs to ensure that the water transport resistance is within an acceptable range.

[0026] The power supply module provides DC output, with its positive terminal electrically connected to the anode layer 3 and its negative terminal electrically connected to the cathode layer 5, thereby establishing a DC electric field between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5. In the soil or damp substrate, cations in the pore water move directionally towards the cathode under the influence of the electric field, simultaneously driving surrounding water molecules to migrate in the form of hydrated ions, forming a net water transport from the anode area to the cathode area. Water is continuously driven from the anode layer 3 side to the cathode layer 5 side, causing the moisture content of the soil or substrate in contact with the anode layer 3 to gradually decrease, achieving the purpose of moisture prevention. The water that has migrated to the cathode layer 5 side can leave the ground cover system through evaporation, diffusion into the external space, or drainage along the drainage channels. The power supply module can provide power in continuous DC or intermittent DC mode as needed. The voltage amplitude and power supply duration are determined according to parameters such as soil properties, target moisture content, and electrode spacing to achieve stable drainage rate and energy consumption control.

[0027] In the aforementioned moisture-proof flooring, an electro-osmotic drainage system is achieved through a flexible layered structure. During installation, there is no need to drill holes on-site to bury rigid electrodes. Furthermore, a porous insulating layer is used to maintain a stable electrode spacing and insulation. By applying a DC electric field, moisture is directed away from the moisture-proof interface, thus providing an active drainage solution that is easy to construct and adaptable to complex base surface shapes for underground spaces, building foundations, and other scenarios.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 2 Specifically, both the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 are woven from conductive polymer fibers, and the surface of the anode layer 3 facing the cathode layer 5 is coated with a water-permeable cation exchange membrane coating 2, while the surface of the cathode layer 5 facing the anode layer 3 is coated with a scale-inhibiting coating 6.

[0029] The fabric matrix of the anode layer 3 and cathode layer 5 uses conductive polymer fibers as the weaving material. For example, composite fibers formed by coating or laminating conductive polymers such as polypyrrole and polyaniline onto the surface of high-strength fibers, or fiber bundles composed of inherently conductive fibers such as carbon fibers. After these fibers are woven into fabric, numerous contact nodes can be formed between their warp and weft interlacing points, allowing electrons to conduct along multiple paths within the fiber network, giving the entire fabric layer in-plane conductivity. Compared to metal wire mesh, the conductive polymer fiber woven layer exhibits better chemical corrosion resistance under humid, acidic, or saline electroosmotic conditions, and its conductivity is less prone to significant attenuation due to surface oxidation or electrochemical dissolution. The weaving process retains inter-fiber pores within the fabric layer. These pores are typically on the order of tens to hundreds of micrometers in size, allowing moisture and ions to penetrate from one side of the fabric to the other along these pores without being hindered by a dense, continuous phase. Meanwhile, the flexibility of the woven fibers allows the anode layer 3 and cathode layer 5 to maintain the continuity of the conductive network after repeated curling and bending, and the electrode resistance will not increase significantly and irreversibly due to mechanical deformation. This ensures the electrical stability of the ground cover under conditions such as transportation, laying and long-term attachment to vibrating or slightly deformed structural surfaces.

[0030] A permeable cation exchange membrane coating 2 is attached to the surface of the anode layer 3 facing the cathode layer 5. This coating is generally formed of a polymer material containing anion-fixing groups such as sulfonic acid groups or carboxylic acid groups, for example, sulfonated polyether ether ketone or hydrophilically modified perfluorosulfonic acid polymers. The anion-fixing groups in the coating block free anions through electrostatic repulsion, while allowing cations and their hydrated water molecules to pass through, achieving selective water permeability. During electroosmotic drainage, various salt ions, including chloride ions and sulfate ions, are usually dissolved in the pore water of the soil or base layer near the anode layer 3. If these anions enter the space between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 under the drive of the electric field, they may accumulate on the anode surface or react with the anode material, causing electrode deterioration or generating harmful gases. The permeable cation exchange membrane coating 2 forms a barrier for anions, effectively reducing the amount of anions migrating across the anode to the isolation layer and cathode region, while water molecules can continue to pass through the membrane layer and enter the isolation layer 4 along with the migration of cations, eventually reaching the cathode layer 5. Therefore, this coating suppresses the interference of anions on the electrode system without blocking the drainage path, which helps to extend the service life of the anode layer 3 and maintain the chemical stability of the electroosmosis system.

[0031] The cathode layer 5 is coated with a scale-inhibiting coating 6 on its surface facing the anode layer 3. This coating can be made of noble metal oxides such as iridium oxide or ruthenium oxide, or a composite coating doped with conductive polymers, such as a composite of polyaniline and carbon nanotubes. This type of coating modifies the local pH environment by controlling the overpotential of the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction on the cathode surface, reducing the tendency of hardness ions such as calcium and magnesium to precipitate as carbonates or hydroxides on the cathode surface. During continuous electroosmosis operation, the cations that migrate with water to the cathode layer 5 typically include hardness components such as calcium and magnesium ions. When water electrolysis or local alkalinity increases near the cathode, these hardness ions easily deposit as scale on the cathode surface, increasing interfacial resistance, clogging fabric pores, and leading to a continuous decrease in drainage efficiency. The scale-inhibiting coating 6 interferes with the nucleation and growth process of scale crystals on the electrode surface, making the generated trace precipitates loose and easily detached from the cathode surface during water flushing or intermittent backwashing. Therefore, the cathode layer 5 can maintain relatively stable surface activity during long-term drainage operation, reducing performance degradation and maintenance frequency caused by scale coverage.

[0032] Specifically, the conductive polymer fiber is selected from polypyrrole / polyester composite fiber or carbon fiber / polypropylene blended yarn; the cation exchange membrane coating 2 is a perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer or a sulfonated polyether ether ketone layer; and the scale-inhibiting coating 6 is an iridium oxide layer or a polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite layer.

[0033] The conductive polymer fibers are specifically selected from polypyrrole / polyester composite fibers or carbon fiber / polypropylene blended yarns. Polypyrrole / polyester composite fibers form a polypyrrole conductive layer on the surface or outer layer of a polyester fiber matrix through in-situ polymerization. The polyester matrix provides the fiber with the required tensile strength, flexibility, and weaving processability, while polypyrrole imparts a continuous and stable electronic conductivity to the fiber surface. After this composite fiber is woven into a fabric, the polypyrrole layer at the contact nodes between fibers forms a conductive path, giving the entire fabric in-plane conductivity. Simultaneously, polypyrrole exhibits good electrochemical stability in weakly acidic to neutral humid environments and can withstand long-term polarization on the anodic side under electroosmotic conditions. Carbon fiber / polypropylene blended yarns are made by blending chopped carbon fiber yarns or filaments with polypropylene fibers in a certain proportion. The carbon fiber forms a conductive skeleton inside the yarn, while the polypropylene fiber acts as a toughening and insulating barrier, preventing accidental short circuits between adjacent conductive paths and improving the yarn's weaving processability. The conductivity of the fabric layer made from this blended yarn depends on the permeation network formed by the carbon fibers within the yarn. The surface resistivity of the fabric layer can be adjusted by controlling the blending ratio to meet the matching requirements of different power supply voltages and soil resistivity. Neither of the aforementioned conductive polymer fiber materials contains metal components and does not undergo electrochemical corrosion in contact with moist soil or in slightly acidic electroosmotic environments. This fundamentally solves the problem of decreased conductivity and structural damage caused by corrosion of metal electrodes during long-term operation, while maintaining the required weaveability, flexibility, and durability of the fabric layer.

[0034] The specific material of the cation exchange membrane coating 2 is selected from either a perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer or a sulfonated polyether ether ketone layer. Perfluorosulfonic acid resin has polytetrafluoroethylene as its main chain and sulfonic acid groups at the end of its side chains. The perfluoro main chain in its molecular structure endows the coating with excellent chemical inertness and oxidation resistance, while the sulfonic acid groups form cation exchange sites within the membrane by dissociating hydrogen ions. In a water-swelling state, hydrophilic ion cluster channels are formed inside the perfluorosulfonic acid resin, allowing hydrated cations and accompanying water molecules to pass through these channels. Simultaneously, the electrostatic repulsion of anions by the sulfonic acid groups effectively blocks the penetration of chloride ions, sulfate ions, etc. Sulfonated polyether ether ketone is a cation exchange material prepared by sulfonating the aromatic rings on the polyether ether ketone main chain to introduce sulfonic acid groups. It has high heat resistance and mechanical strength, and its adhesion to the fabric matrix can be further improved through interface treatment. The ion exchange capacity and water swelling degree of the sulfonated polyether ether ketone layer can be controlled by the degree of sulfonation, thereby achieving a balance between water permeability and anion blocking rate. Under electro-osmotic drainage conditions, both coatings can maintain a stable permeability flux without significantly increasing the resistance to water migration from the anode layer 3 to the cathode layer 5, while effectively preventing soil-side anions from invading the isolation layer and the cathode area.

[0035] The scale-inhibiting coating 6 is specifically selected from either an iridium oxide layer or a polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite layer. The iridium oxide layer can form a dense metal oxide film on the surface of conductive fabric through electrodeposition or thermal decomposition. Under cathodic polarization conditions, it exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions, controlling the local pH increase on the cathode surface within a narrow range. This reduces the supersaturation of hardness deposits such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide at the cathode interface, thus slowing down the nucleation and deposition rate of scale. The polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite layer is formed by in-situ polymerization or blending of conductive polymer polyaniline and carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes constitute a three-dimensional conductive network in the coating, enhancing its electronic conductivity. Polyaniline undergoes a reversible doping-dedoping reaction under an electric field, dynamically changing the charge distribution and hydrophilic / hydrophobic properties of the coating surface. This composite coating lowers the adsorption energy barrier of hardness ions on the cathode surface, resulting in a loose, non-dense morphology of the generated trace precipitates, which are easily removed during natural evaporation or intermittent backwashing. Both types of coatings can maintain stable physicochemical properties under long-term DC polarization conditions, and they bond well with the flexible conductive fabric substrate. They are not easy to peel off or crack during repeated rolling and laying, providing a durable guarantee on the cathode side for the long-term maintenance-free or low-maintenance operation of electro-osmotic flooring.

[0036] Optionally, in one embodiment, the braided structure of the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 is further incorporating hydrophilic guiding fibers. These hydrophilic guiding fibers are made of modified polyester fibers, and their surfaces are treated with hydrophilicity to achieve good wettability and wicking effect. These hydrophilic guiding fibers are uniformly dispersed among the conductive fibers, creating a large number of interconnected microscopic capillary drainage channels within the fabric layer. When water migrating from the soil side to the anode layer 3 enters the fabric, the capillary channels rapidly guide and diffuse the water across the entire fabric plane with strong capillary driving force, preventing localized water accumulation and promoting directional water transfer towards the cathode layer 5, thereby improving the drainage uniformity and overall mass transfer efficiency within the fabric layer.

[0037] Optionally, in another embodiment, the flexible conductive fabric layers of the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 can also be woven from carbon nanotube-modified polyester fibers. The carbon nanotubes are uniformly dispersed in the polyester fiber matrix or coated on the fiber surface, giving the fabric good conductivity. Its sheet resistance can be controlled below 100 Ω / sq, meeting the current conduction requirements under low-voltage power supply conditions. In this optional solution, the porous insulating layer 4 can be made of polypropylene nonwoven fabric or polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane with a thickness of 0.5–2 mm. Both materials have excellent insulation properties and chemical inertness, and their internal pore size is suitable for moisture transport, providing a low-resistance migration channel for moisture while maintaining reliable electrical isolation between the anode and cathode.

[0038] Furthermore, the power supply module is a pulse generator, and its output voltage waveform is a periodic pulse sequence. Each cycle includes: a forward drainage pulse, a power-off interval, and a reverse cleaning pulse. The polarity of the reverse cleaning pulse is opposite to that of the forward drainage pulse. The voltage amplitude of the reverse cleaning pulse is less than that of the forward drainage pulse, and the duration of the reverse cleaning pulse is shorter than that of the forward drainage pulse.

[0039] The power supply module uses a pulse generator to output a periodic pulse sequence. Each cycle includes three stages: a forward drainage pulse, a power-off interval, and a reverse cleaning pulse. During the forward drainage pulse stage, the anode layer 3 is connected to a positive potential and the cathode layer 5 is connected to a negative potential, driving the water in the soil to migrate directionally from the anode side to the cathode side, completing the main drainage process. During the power-off interval, the voltage between the two electrodes is temporarily removed, allowing the ion concentration distribution near the isolation layer 4 and the electrode surface to become more uniform through diffusion, alleviating the concentration polarization caused by continuous power supply, and simultaneously providing electrochemical support for the subsequent reverse cleaning. The reverse cleaning pulse phase applies a voltage with the opposite polarity to the forward drainage pulse, and its voltage amplitude is lower than that of the forward drainage pulse and its duration is shorter than that of the forward drainage pulse. This low-voltage short-term reverse electric field causes the trace amounts of scale precursors or adsorbates deposited on the surface of cathode layer 5 to loosen and desorb under the action of electric field force. They are discharged with the residual water or carried away by the subsequent forward drainage cycle. Thus, without significantly increasing energy consumption or generating a large amount of reverse migration water, the activity of the cathode layer 5 surface is maintained, and the drainage efficiency is maintained during long-term operation.

[0040] Furthermore, regarding the specific timing parameters of the pulse sequence, the duration of the forward drainage pulse is set to 0.5–2 seconds to ensure sufficient energization time within a single pulse to drive water to effectively migrate from the anode side to the cathode side; the duration of the power-off interval is set to 0.1–0.5 seconds. This brief power-off period allows the ion concentration accumulated near the electrode interface to relax to some extent through diffusion, alleviating concentration polarization, but without causing a complete interruption of the drainage process; the duration of the reverse cleaning pulse is set to 0.05–0.2 seconds, significantly shorter than the forward pulse, and its voltage amplitude is only 20%–30% of the forward drainage pulse voltage amplitude. This achieves the loosening and desorption of trace deposits on the cathode surface while minimizing the amount of reverse water migration and system energy consumption, ensuring that the overall net drainage flux is not significantly affected.

[0041] Furthermore, the power supply module also includes a humidity feedback regulator, which dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse sequence based on the real-time detected soil moisture content: the duty cycle is increased when the moisture content is higher than the first threshold, and the duty cycle is decreased when the moisture content is lower than the second threshold.

[0042] The power supply module also integrates a humidity feedback regulator. This regulator receives real-time soil moisture content data from humidity sensors 7 deployed in the ground and dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the periodic pulse sequence output by the pulse generator in a closed-loop manner. When the soil moisture content is detected to be higher than a preset first threshold, indicating that the current moisture content in the area is too high and drainage is urgently needed, the humidity feedback regulator immediately increases the proportion of time occupied by the positive drainage pulse in the pulse sequence, extending the effective drainage time per unit cycle, thereby accelerating the water migration rate and rapidly reducing the soil moisture content. When the real-time moisture content drops below a preset second threshold as the drainage process progresses, the humidity feedback regulator automatically reduces the duty cycle, shortens the width of the positive drainage pulse, or extends the power outage interval to reduce system energy consumption and prevent soil shrinkage and cracking due to excessive drainage. By setting dual thresholds to form a hysteresis control range, frequent switching of power supply status caused by small moisture content fluctuations near a single critical value is effectively prevented, enabling a dynamic balance between efficient water removal and energy-saving drying control in the drainage process.

[0043] Furthermore, the power supply module includes an automatic electric field direction switching circuit. The automatic switching circuit has a preset initialization program. The initialization program is used to first apply a reverse voltage for a first preset duration to form an initial ion distribution gradient on the surfaces of the cathode layer 5 and the anode layer 3, and then switch back to the forward drainage working mode.

[0044] The power supply module is equipped with an automatic electric field direction switching circuit. This circuit has a pre-set initialization program. When the ground cover is laid and powered on for the first time, the initialization program first controls the power supply module to output a reverse voltage with the opposite polarity to the normal operation. That is, the anode layer 3 is briefly connected to a negative potential and the cathode layer 5 is briefly connected to a positive potential, which lasts for a first preset duration. During this reverse power-on phase, cations in the pore water of the soil migrate towards the anode layer 3, which temporarily acts as the negative electrode, while anions migrate towards the cathode layer 5, which temporarily acts as the positive electrode. This establishes a pre-designed initial ion distribution gradient near the interface between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 and the soil or isolation layer. After this ion gradient is formed, the automatic switching circuit switches the power supply polarity back to the positive drainage mode. At this time, the anode layer 3 returns to the positive electrode and the cathode layer 5 returns to the negative electrode. Since the initial ion distribution gradient has made the ion concentration distribution at the electrode interface conducive to the rapid start-up of forward electroosmosis, the electromigration resistance in the early stage of forward drainage is significantly reduced, and the directional transport of water from the soil side to the cathode layer 5 side can reach a stable drainage flux in a short time, shortening the transition time from system start-up to efficient operation.

[0045] Furthermore, the automatic switching circuit also includes a timer for automatically applying a reverse voltage once every second preset duration, each time for a third preset duration, to remove trace deposits accumulated on the surface of the cathode layer 5.

[0046] The automatic switching circuit is also equipped with a timer that accumulates the duration of continuous forward drainage operation and triggers an automatic reverse voltage maintenance program every second preset duration. When the timer reaches its set cycle, the automatic switching circuit controls the power supply module to briefly switch its output polarity, applying a reverse voltage with the opposite polarity to the normal operating mode to the anode layer 3 and cathode layer 5, and maintaining this voltage for a third preset duration. During this brief polarity reversal, calcium and magnesium deposits, scale precursors, and other trace deposits that have gradually accumulated on the surface of cathode layer 5 due to long-term forward current application loosen and detach under the combined action of the reverse electric field and rapid changes in the local pH environment, separating them from the fabric surface of cathode layer 5. Because the duration of a single reverse voltage application is limited to the relatively short third preset duration, there is no significant reverse water migration, preventing a large amount of water that has been drained to the cathode side from seeping back into the soil. After the reverse cleaning cycle ends, the automatic switching circuit restores the power supply polarity to the forward drainage mode, and the system continues to perform normal drainage functions. By using a timer to trigger the cleaning of the cathode layer 5, the surface cleaning can be completed automatically and periodically without human intervention. This ensures that the cathode layer 5 maintains a low interface resistance and high surface activity throughout its service life, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of drainage efficiency.

[0047] Furthermore, the power supply module integrates a current detection unit to monitor the current in the conductive circuit between the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 in real time during forward drainage operation. When the detected forward drainage current is consistently below a preset lower threshold, it indicates that a significant amount of scale or other high-resistivity deposits may have accumulated on the surface of the cathode layer 5, leading to increased resistance in the electroosmotic circuit and decreased drainage efficiency. At this point, the current detection unit triggers an automatic switching circuit to perform a reverse voltage cleaning process, briefly applying a voltage of opposite polarity. This causes the deposits on the surface of the cathode layer 5 to loosen and desorb under the combined effect of the reverse electric field and local pH changes, until the detected forward drainage current returns to the normal preset range. Then, the reverse cleaning stops and the system switches back to forward drainage mode. This current feedback-based adaptive cleaning mechanism complements the timer-based periodic cleaning, enabling more precise response to electrode contamination status, avoiding unnecessary reverse current flow, and further extending the active cycle of the cathode layer 5.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 3 Furthermore, the reverse active drainage moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis also includes: multiple humidity sensors 7, which are distributed and embedded on the surface of the anode layer 3 facing the base layer or soil to be moisture-proofed, or embedded inside the anode layer 3, for detecting the local humidity of the corresponding area; the anode layer 3 and / or the cathode layer 5 are divided into multiple electrically isolated independent sections; the power supply module is a multi-channel independent output module, which supplies power only to the sections where the humidity exceeds a preset threshold according to the detection value of each humidity sensor 7.

[0049] This moisture-proof flooring further integrates distributed humidity sensing and zoned independent power supply control functions. Multiple humidity sensors 7 are positioned at the interface between the flooring and the soil. Specifically, the sensors can be embedded in the lower surface of the anode layer 3 facing the substrate or soil to be moisture-proofed, directly contacting the soil to sense the real-time moisture content at the interface, or embedded within the fabric of the anode layer 3, indirectly acquiring humidity signals through the pores between the fibers of the anode layer 3 and the connection with moisture. The humidity sensors 7 are distributed across the laying plane, each corresponding to a local location within the flooring's coverage area. This allows for the capture of spatial humidity differences across the entire moisture-proof surface caused by uneven distribution of seepage points, soil variations, or different distances from water sources, rather than simply obtaining a single average humidity value. Structurally, the anode layer 3 and / or the cathode layer 5 are divided into multiple electrically isolated independent sections, with no direct electrical connection between sections. Each section corresponds to a local area monitored by one or more humidity sensors 7, thus physically dividing the entire electrode into independently addressable drainage units. The power supply module adopts a multi-channel independent output architecture, with each output channel connected to a corresponding independent section. It selectively controls power supply based on real-time feedback from each humidity sensor 7. When the humidity sensor 7 of a certain independent section detects that the local moisture content exceeds a preset threshold, the power supply module only activates the output channel connected to that section to apply DC voltage, driving the moisture in that area to migrate directionally from the anode layer 3 to the cathode layer 5. For sections where the humidity detection value does not exceed the threshold, the power supply module maintains the power-off state of that section and does not apply a drainage electric field. This zoned selective power supply mechanism based on spatial humidity differences ensures that drainage power is accurately delivered to the truly damp locations that require drainage, while dry areas automatically enter standby mode. This significantly reduces the overall energy consumption of the system while maintaining moisture-proof performance and effectively avoids the risk of soil shrinkage and detachment from the anode layer 3 due to continuous excessive drainage in dry areas.

[0050] Optionally, the humidity sensor 7 employs an interdigital capacitive humidity sensor, which detects local humidity by utilizing the principle of changes in dielectric constant caused by moisture adsorption. It features fast response, low power consumption, and ease of integration into a flexible substrate. The humidity sensors 7 are arranged horizontally at intervals of 0.5 to 1.5 meters on the laying plane. This spacing range ensures spatial resolution of the humidity field while avoiding increased cost and wiring complexity due to overly dense sensor placement. Correspondingly, the area of ​​each independent segment is controlled between 0.5 and 2 square meters. This ensures that the area covered by a single segment effectively reflects the average moisture content of that locality, without the area being too large, leading to uneven humidity distribution and affecting the accuracy of selective power supply.

[0051] Furthermore, the power supply module incorporates a built-in PID control algorithm. This algorithm takes the deviation between the current humidity value reported in real-time by each humidity sensor 7 and the preset target humidity value as input. Through comprehensive calculations of proportional, integral, and derivative operations, it continuously adjusts the power supply voltage or energizing time ratio for corresponding independent sections. When the deviation is large, the power supply intensity is increased to accelerate the drainage rate; when the humidity approaches the target value, the power supply is gradually reduced to avoid overshoot and excessive drying. PID control enables the drainage process to smoothly adapt to dynamic changes in soil moisture content, significantly improving the steady-state accuracy and system stability of humidity control compared to simple threshold switch control.

[0052] Accordingly, the PID control process of the power supply module is described in detail below: Step 1: Obtaining target humidity value and initializing parameters Before the PID control algorithm is put into operation, the system first completes the initialization settings of the target humidity value and various control parameters. The target humidity value is pre-written by the user into the non-volatile storage unit of the power supply module through a remote monitoring terminal or local setting interface. This target value is determined according to the moisture-proof level of the project and the soil properties, and is usually expressed as a percentage value of soil volumetric water content or relative humidity. If the user does not set it manually, the system calls the built-in default value. This default value can be fixed in the firmware based on engineering experience in different application scenarios to ensure that the system still has usable basic control parameters under the condition of no external input.

[0053] Simultaneously, the power supply module assigns initial values ​​to the proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, and derivative coefficient Kd for the PID controller corresponding to each independent section. These initial values ​​are preset based on laboratory calibration data and soil characteristics, and can also be dynamically corrected during subsequent operation using an adaptive tuning algorithm. Furthermore, the integral accumulator is cleared, and the previous and the preceding deviation values ​​are initialized to zero, preparing data for subsequent real-time control loops.

[0054] Step 2: Real-time humidity sampling and deviation calculation After the control system enters closed-loop operation, the power supply module polls and reads the humidity sensor 7 corresponding to each independent segment at a preset sampling period. The sampling period is usually set to the range of hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds, which ensures the timeliness of the control response while avoiding increased sensor self-heating and power consumption due to excessive sampling frequency. After each sampling, the humidity sensor 7 outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the current local moisture content. After signal conditioning and analog-to-digital conversion, the current real-time humidity value of that segment is obtained.

[0055] Subsequently, the PID controller subtracts the current humidity value from the preset target humidity value to calculate the humidity deviation value e(k) for this sampling. The sign of the deviation value indicates whether the current humidity is too high or too low relative to the target value, while the absolute value of the deviation value represents the strength of the deviation from the target. This deviation value will serve as the common input for the subsequent parallel calculations of proportional, integral, and derivative operations.

[0056] Step 3: Proportion Calculation proportional term P out The proportional term is directly calculated by multiplying the current deviation value e(k) by the proportional coefficient Kp. The output of the proportional term is linearly related to the deviation value; the larger the deviation, the larger the absolute value of the proportional term's output, and the larger the resulting control increment. In electro-osmotic drainage, when the real-time humidity of a certain section is much higher than the target value, the proportional term responds quickly, outputting a larger control quantity to increase the supply voltage or energizing time of that section, driving the water to migrate faster from the anode side to the cathode side. As the humidity gradually approaches the target value, the absolute value of the deviation decreases, and the output of the proportional term decreases proportionally, avoiding excessive downward overshoot of humidity due to excessive drainage driving force.

[0057] The magnitude of the proportional gain Kp determines the sensitivity of the control response. A larger Kp value results in a rapid response to deviations, but an excessively large value may cause the system to oscillate around the target value. A smaller Kp value results in a smoother system response and a lower risk of overshoot, but the correction speed for larger deviations becomes correspondingly slower. In practical applications, the value of Kp needs to be selected by compromise, taking into account the soil permeability coefficient, electrode spacing, and power supply voltage range.

[0058] Step 4: Integral Calculation Integral term I out The core function of this method is to eliminate steady-state error by accumulating the deviation value over time. In each control cycle, the current deviation value e(k) is multiplied by the sampling period Δt and then accumulated in an integrator. The accumulated value of the integrator is then multiplied by the integration coefficient Ki to obtain the integral term output. When the system experiences a small deviation over a long period due to factors such as continuous micro-seepage in the soil or ion concentration gradients at the electrode interface, the proportional term output may be too small to correct the deviation. The integral term, by continuously accumulating the deviation, gradually increases the control quantity, ultimately pushing the humidity precisely to near the target value and eliminating residual steady-state error.

[0059] To prevent excessive accumulation of the integral term leading to control saturation, the controller incorporates an integral limiting and anti-integral saturation mechanism. When the accumulated value of the integral accumulator exceeds the preset upper limit, the excess is automatically truncated. When the controller output has reached the maximum value of the supply voltage or the proportion of the power-on time, but the deviation still exists, the integral accumulator pauses accumulation to prevent the integral term from continuing to grow without actually being converted into an effective control output, thus avoiding a significant lag response after the deviation direction reverses.

[0060] Step 5: Differential Calculation Differential term D out The calculation is based on the rate of change of the deviation value, used to predict the future trend of the deviation and apply damping correction in advance. The differential term is obtained by dividing the difference between the current deviation value e(k) and the previous deviation value e(k-1) by the sampling period Δt, and then multiplying by the differential coefficient Kd. When the humidity is approaching the target value at a relatively fast rate, even if the absolute value of the current deviation is still large, the differential term will generate a control component in the opposite direction of change, appropriately suppressing further increase in the control output and preventing overshoot caused by inertia that causes the humidity to exceed the target value.

[0061] In electro-osmotic drainage, the role of the differential term is particularly evident in the initial drainage initiation stage and during periods of abrupt changes in external environmental conditions. For example, when heavy rain infiltration causes a rapid increase in soil moisture content, the deviation value increases rapidly. The differential term detects this sudden increase in the rate of deviation change and can proactively enhance the drainage driving force, shortening the system's response lag time. The value of the differential coefficient Kd should not be too large; otherwise, the system will become overly sensitive to even small high-frequency noise from the humidity sensor, potentially causing unnecessary fluctuations in power supply parameters.

[0062] Step 6: Control Variable Synthesis and Output Conversion The final output of the PID controller is the algebraic sum of the proportional, integral, and derivative terms. This synthesized control quantity is expressed in dimensionless or voltage increment form, and after amplitude limiting, it is ensured not to exceed the upper or lower limits of the allowable supply voltage range or energizing time ratio of the independent section. The amplitude-limited control quantity is converted into the actual electrical parameters of the corresponding output channel of the power supply module. Specifically, the drainage intensity can be continuously varied by adjusting the amplitude of the output voltage, or the equivalent drainage power can be adjusted by adjusting the duty cycle of the positive drainage pulse under a fixed voltage. The two methods can be used individually or in combination.

[0063] When the synthetic control quantity is positive and exceeds the dead zone threshold, it indicates that the current humidity is higher than the target value. The power supply module outputs a drainage electric field to the anode layer 3 and cathode layer 5 of this section at a voltage or time ratio corresponding to the magnitude of the control quantity. When the synthetic control quantity is lower than the dead zone threshold or is negative, it indicates that the humidity is close to or lower than the target value. The power supply module stops outputting drainage power to this section and enters a natural equilibrium state. The soil itself maintains the minimum moisture content through capillary rewetting effect to avoid excessive drying.

[0064] Step 7: Iteration and Dynamic Response The complete process of sampling, deviation calculation, PID operation, control quantity synthesis, and output described above is executed cyclically in each sampling cycle, forming a continuous closed-loop feedback control. As the drainage process continues, the deviation value gradually decreases, the proportional term output shrinks accordingly, the integral term maintains continuous correction of the residual deviation, and the derivative term output approaches zero when the humidity stabilizes. Under the continuous adjustment of the PID algorithm, the drainage intensity of the entire independent section smoothly transitions from the initial high-power rapid drainage to a low-power fine-tuning maintenance state near the target value.

[0065] When the soil moisture content changes again due to external environmental factors, the deviation value reappears and is captured by the PID controller. The control output responds and adjusts in real time, ensuring that the humidity in that section remains dynamically balanced around the target value. Compared to simple threshold switching control, continuous PID regulation avoids the impact on the electrode and soil interface caused by the repeated jumps between full power and zero power of the drainage driving force. It also reduces the problem of insufficient humidity control accuracy caused by switching hysteresis, achieving smooth, precise, and low-energy intelligent drainage control for each independent section.

[0066] The aforementioned PID control method uses the deviation between the current humidity value collected in real time by the humidity sensor corresponding to each independent section and the preset target humidity value as input. In each sampling cycle, it performs proportional calculation to quickly respond to large deviations, integral calculation to accumulate and eliminate steady-state static error, and derivative calculation to predict humidity change trends and suppress overshoot. The results of the three calculations are combined and converted into a continuous adjustment of the power supply voltage or positive drainage pulse duty cycle of the corresponding section after amplitude limiting. This drives the drainage power to increase rapidly when there is a large deviation, decrease gradually when it approaches the target value, and automatically enter a low-power maintenance state after the humidity reaches the target value. This forms a cycle-by-cycle closed-loop feedback control for each independent section, realizing smooth, accurate, and low-energy intelligent adjustment of the humidity of each local area of ​​the entire moisture-proof surface.

[0067] The aforementioned control strategies, such as zone threshold control, PID continuous adjustment, humidity feedback duty cycle adjustment, timed reverse cleaning, and current-detection triggered reverse cleaning, can be implemented individually or in combination provided there are no functional conflicts. For example, zone threshold control is the basic zoned power supply strategy, and PID continuous adjustment can be used as an optimization method; current-detection triggered reverse cleaning and timed reverse cleaning can coexist and complement each other. Those skilled in the art can select the appropriate combination of control strategies based on the actual operating conditions.

[0068] Furthermore, the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 are divided into multiple independent electrode blocks arranged in a regular grid pattern, with each block corresponding to a humidity sensor 7; the power supply module is a matrix addressing power supply module, which supplies power only to the blocks that need drainage through row and column scanning.

[0069] The multiple independent electrode blocks divided by the anode layer 3 and the cathode layer 5 are arranged in a regular grid pattern in spatial layout, forming an electrode array neatly distributed along the row and column directions. Each independent electrode block at each grid node corresponds to a humidity sensor 7, thus establishing a one-to-one spatial mapping relationship between humidity sensing and drainage execution units on the entire floor surface. The power supply module adopts a matrix addressing power supply architecture, which is cross-connected to each independent electrode block through row drive lines and column drive lines. During operation, the detection values ​​of the humidity sensors 7 corresponding to each intersection point are polled sequentially or as needed in a row and column scanning manner. When the local humidity fed back by the sensor corresponding to a certain block exceeds a preset threshold, the power supply module applies DC voltage to the block through the corresponding row and column lines, driving the moisture in that local area to migrate in a directional manner. For blocks where the humidity does not exceed the threshold, no drainage voltage is applied to the corresponding row and column lines during the scanning cycle, and the block remains in a power-off and silent state. The matrix addressing method allows the power supply module to selectively power numerous independent electrode blocks with only a few drive lines, reducing the number of wires and connection nodes from the power supply module and lowering the requirements for wiring harness size and complexity in long-distance signal transmission. Simultaneously, the row-column scanning power supply mechanism enables rapid polling and dynamic response between blocks. When the humidity conditions of a certain area change, the system can promptly include or exclude that block from drainage mode, ensuring that the power supply is highly matched to actual drainage needs in both spatial and temporal dimensions. This further enhances the precision and energy efficiency of moisture control in large-area deployment scenarios.

[0070] The matrix-addressable power supply module is implemented using multiple miniature solid-state relays or MOSFET switches to form a row-column drive matrix. Each independent electrode block corresponds to an independent switching element. Individual power supply control for any block is achieved through row-column gating signals, ensuring electrical isolation and non-interference between blocks. Furthermore, the humidity sensor 7 and its corresponding electrode block are integrated on the same flexible circuit board substrate, forming a sensing-drainage integrated unit. Each unit physically integrates humidity sensing, signal conditioning, and electrode drive interfaces, reducing the number of external connection cables and connectors, and improving system integration and installation reliability.

[0071] To further enhance the remote manageability of the system, in another embodiment, the moisture-proof flooring can also be equipped with a wireless communication module. This module transmits the detection values ​​of each humidity sensor 7, the power supply status of each section, and fault information to a remote monitoring terminal in real time via a wireless network. Maintenance personnel can monitor the entire moisture-proof system's operating status without being physically present on-site. Simultaneously, the remote monitoring terminal can send set humidity thresholds or adjust power supply strategy parameters to the flooring system, achieving remote dynamic optimization control. This wireless communication function is particularly suitable for large underground spaces, tunnels, and other locations where manual inspection is inconvenient, significantly improving the system's intelligence and maintainability.

[0072] Furthermore, a hydrophilic porous absorption layer 1 is provided on the soil-facing side of the anode layer 3 to maintain a continuous water film between the soil and the anode.

[0073] A hydrophilic porous absorption layer 1 is added to the lower surface of the anode layer 3 facing the substrate or soil to be protected from moisture. This absorption layer 1 is composed of a porous material with hydrophilic surface properties and contains a large number of interconnected micropores. It can actively adsorb and store pore water from the soil side through capillary action. During the operation of electro-osmotic drainage, the hydrophilic porous absorption layer 1 continuously adsorbs and retains the moisture in the soil within its pore structure, forming a physically continuous water film at the interface between the anode layer 3 and the soil. The maintenance of this continuous water film avoids the problem of local dry spot detachment and sharp increase in contact resistance between the anode layer 3 and soil particles due to insufficient moisture in the later stages of drainage or when the soil moisture content is low. It ensures that even under low moisture content conditions, there is still a stable ion conduction pathway between the anode layer 3 and the soil, allowing the electro-osmotic drainage process to continue without interruption due to water loss at the interface, thereby significantly expanding the effective working range of the moisture-proof flooring under different humidity conditions.

[0074] The hydrophilic porous absorbent layer 1 can be made of polyvinyl alcohol formal foam or hydrophilic modified polyurethane sponge, both of which have high water absorption and retention properties. Its porosity is controlled at 70%–90%, and the pore size is distributed in the range of 50 μm–200 μm. This pore structure can quickly absorb and store moisture from the soil under capillary action, forming a stable and continuous liquid film. This ensures that the electro-osmotic drainage process can maintain an effective ion conduction pathway even when the soil moisture content is low, thus broadening the effective operating range of the ground cover under dry conditions.

[0075] The embodiments of the present invention aim to protect a reverse active drainage moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis, which has the following effects: 1. By setting both the anode and cathode layers as flexible conductive fabric layers and maintaining the electrode spacing with a flexible porous insulating layer, the entire moisture-proof flooring can be rolled up and unfolded like cloth, and can be arbitrarily cut to fit uneven base surfaces and curved structures. There is no need for on-site drilling or embedding of rigid electrodes, which greatly improves construction efficiency and does not damage the existing structure. At the same time, the electrodes woven from conductive polymer fibers have no risk of metal corrosion in humid environments. Combined with the water-permeable cation exchange membrane coating on the anode surface and the scale-inhibiting coating on the cathode surface, it can maintain a stable electric field distribution and drainage efficiency for a long time, solving the problems of difficult construction, easy corrosion and electrical performance degradation of existing rigid electrode systems. 2. By dividing the anode layer and / or cathode layer into multiple electrically isolated independent sections and setting up distributed humidity sensors to sense the local moisture content of each area in real time, and with the help of multi-channel independent output modules to supply power only to sections where the humidity exceeds a preset threshold, the drainage activity is precisely concentrated in the humid areas and automatically stops in the dry areas. This avoids the energy waste and soil shrinkage and cracking risks caused by excessive drainage under the existing overall power supply mode; it upgrades the water migration driven by electro-osmosis from "undifferentiated operation throughout the area" to "spatial differentiated on-demand response", which significantly improves drainage efficiency and energy utilization and ensures balanced humidity control of the entire moisture-proof surface. 3. Through multiple control strategies, including pulse sequence output, timed reverse cleaning, and initial ion gradient formation integrated into the power supply module, the system can actively suppress scale accumulation and concentration polarization effects on the electrode surface, ensuring that the cathode maintains high-efficiency drainage capacity for a long time and that the anode maintains good electrical contact with the soil. Furthermore, by combining the dynamic adjustment of the pulse duty cycle by the humidity feedback regulator, the system can automatically switch the drainage intensity according to changes in moisture content, and work with the hydrophilic porous absorption layer to maintain a continuous water film between the soil and the anode, ensuring that an effective electroosmotic channel can still be established under dry conditions. The synergistic effect of the above control mechanisms and structural design means that the ground cover does not require frequent manual maintenance during long-term operation, solving the problem of gradual decline in drainage efficiency caused by electrode passivation and water film breakage in existing electroosmotic systems.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis, characterized in that, include: Anode layer (3), cathode layer (5), porous insulating layer (4), power supply module and several humidity sensors (7); Both the anode layer (3) and the cathode layer (5) are flexible conductive fabric layers; The anode layer (3) faces the base layer or soil to be protected from moisture on one side, and the cathode layer (5) is disposed on the other side of the anode layer (3); The porous insulating layer (4) is disposed between the anode layer (3) and the cathode layer (5), so that the anode layer and the cathode layer are electrically insulated and spaced apart by a preset distance; The anode layer (3) and / or the cathode layer (5) are divided into multiple electrically isolated independent sections; The positive terminal of the power supply module is connected to the anode layer (3), and its negative terminal is connected to the cathode layer (5). It is used to apply DC voltage so that the moisture in the base layer or soil to be protected from moisture migrates from the anode layer (3) side to the cathode layer (5) side under the action of electroosmosis. The power supply module is a multi-channel independent output module, which supplies power only to the independent section where the humidity detection value exceeds a preset threshold, based on the detection value of each humidity sensor (7).

2. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the anode layer (3) and the cathode layer (5) are woven from conductive polymer fibers. The anode layer (3) is coated with a water-permeable cation exchange membrane coating (2) on the side facing the cathode layer (5), and the cathode layer (5) is coated with a scale-inhibiting coating (6) on the side facing the anode layer (3).

3. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive polymer fiber is selected from polypyrrole / polyester composite fiber or carbon fiber / polypropylene blended yarn. The cation exchange membrane coating (2) is a perfluorosulfonic acid resin layer or a sulfonated polyether ether ketone layer; The scale-inhibiting coating (6) is an iridium oxide layer or a polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite layer.

4. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply module is a pulse generator, and its output voltage waveform is a periodic pulse sequence. Each cycle includes: a forward drainage pulse, a power-off interval, and a reverse cleaning pulse. The polarity of the reverse cleaning pulse is opposite to that of the forward draining pulse, the voltage amplitude of the reverse cleaning pulse is less than that of the forward draining pulse, and the duration of the reverse cleaning pulse is shorter than that of the forward draining pulse.

5. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply module also includes a humidity feedback regulator, which dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse sequence based on the real-time detected soil moisture content: when the moisture content is higher than a first threshold, the duty cycle is increased; when the moisture content is lower than a second threshold, the duty cycle is decreased.

6. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply module includes an electric field direction automatic switching circuit. The automatic switching circuit is pre-set with an initialization program. The initialization program is used to first apply a reverse voltage for a first preset duration to form an initial ion distribution gradient on the surfaces of the cathode layer (5) and the anode layer (3), and then switch back to the forward drainage working mode.

7. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 6, characterized in that, The automatic switching circuit also includes a timer for automatically applying the reverse voltage once every second preset duration, each time for a third preset duration, to remove trace deposits accumulated on the surface of the cathode layer (5).

8. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of humidity sensors (7) are distributed and embedded on the surface of the anode layer (3) facing the base layer or soil to be protected from moisture, or embedded inside the anode layer (3).

9. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 8, characterized in that, The multiple electrically isolated independent segments of the anode layer (3) and the cathode layer (5) are arranged in a regular grid pattern, and each independent segment corresponds to a humidity sensor (7). The multi-channel independent output module adopts a matrix addressing method and supplies power to the independent sections that need drainage through row and column scanning.

10. The reverse active drainage and moisture-proof flooring based on the principle of electroosmosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode layer (3) is also provided with a hydrophilic porous absorption layer (1) on the side facing the soil, which is used to maintain a continuous water film between the soil and the anode.

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