Modular deployable spiral subsea tunnel structure and operation and maintenance method

Abstract

The application discloses a modular deployable spiral seabed tunnel structure and an operation and maintenance method, and belongs to the technical field of cross-sea seabed traffic engineering, and aims to solve the problems of long construction period of traditional seabed tunnels, easy leakage in deep sea, great ecological disturbance, depressed traffic, inconvenient operation and maintenance and the like. The structure is composed of a modular tunnel unit, a bionic folded spiral pressure-bearing shell, a simulation of a cable-stayed beam support assembly, a fluorine rubber sealing and locking assembly, and an intelligent ventilation, optical fiber sensing and three-way redundant communication system, and is matched with a slag resourceization module and a noise reduction coating. The operation and maintenance method comprises the following steps: folding and sea transportation, unit anchoring and sealing, intelligent monitoring and regulation, fault modular replacement and silt resourceization treatment process. The spiral shell of the application can disperse water pressure and improve durability, the modular folding can realize rapid assembly and replacement, the intelligent system can realize all-weather safe control, and the structure is safe, low-carbon, ecological and friendly and comfortable to travel, and is suitable for deep-sea cross-sea channel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cross-sea submarine transportation engineering technology, specifically a modular and deployable submarine tunnel structure and its operation and maintenance method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the marine economy, the demand for cross-sea transportation, deep-sea scientific research, and marine energy development is constantly increasing. Subsea tunnels have become the core engineering carrier for cross-sea interconnection. The current mainstream construction techniques are shield tunneling and immersed tube tunneling. Most of the completed tunnels adopt straight rigid pipe segment structures, which have been applied in near-shore shallow cross-sea channels. Existing straight subsea tunnels rely on integral cast-in-place or fixed pipe segment assembly. The structure cannot be folded after completion. Transportation and underwater deployment require large-scale dredging and excavation of seabed foundation trenches. While engineering applications have basic advantages such as stable passage and minimal navigation interference, they also have multiple inherent defects in deep-sea service and green construction scenarios.

[0003] Firstly, the construction costs are high and the cycle is long. The large-scale excavation on the seabed disturbs the original geology, and the disposal of construction waste and wastewater is difficult. Construction noise and sediment spread damage marine life habitats, resulting in significant pressure on ecological protection.

[0004] Secondly, the joints of straight pipe sections are prone to stress concentration. Under the long-term corrosion of deep-sea high pressure, alternating water flow and seawater chloride ions, the sealing components are prone to creep and cracking, resulting in a high risk of leakage. The overall durability of the structure is insufficient, and the seismic energy dissipation capacity is poor.

[0005] Third, traditional tunnels lack modular, independent replacement designs. Damage to local components necessitates the closure of long sections for overall repair, resulting in high maintenance costs and prolonged downtime. Furthermore, communication and ventilation systems are often integrated, making single-point failures prone to paralyzing the entire tunnel. Fourth, the oppressive space of ultra-long, enclosed straight tunnels can easily cause driver fatigue and anxiety. Conventional ventilation and smoke extraction controls are often inadequate, and there is a lack of all-weather distributed structural monitoring, leading to insufficient safety assurance. Existing technologies struggle to balance eco-friendliness, structural durability, rapid construction, and convenient operation and maintenance; therefore, the construction of deep-sea cross-sea channels urgently requires entirely new technological solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to provide a modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure and its operation and maintenance method to solve the problems mentioned in the background section. To achieve the above technical objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A modular, deployable submarine tunnel structure includes several modular tunnel units that are sequentially spliced ​​along the tunnel axis, as well as a biomimetic spiral bearing shell, a tensioned beam support assembly, an end-face sealing and locking assembly, an intelligent ventilation control system, a distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring system, and a multi-route redundant communication system integrated on each modular tunnel unit.

[0008] The biomimetic spiral bearing shell is a grid spiral cage-type pressure-bearing enclosure structure. The biomimetic spiral bearing shell covers the outer periphery of the modular tunnel unit, and the internal cavity of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell corresponds to the modular tunnel unit.

[0009] The simulated tensioned beam support components are arranged at intervals along the tunnel axis at the bottom of the outer arch foot of the bionic spiral bearing shell. The upper end of the simulated tensioned beam support components is rigidly connected to the outer wall of the bionic spiral bearing shell, and the lower end is provided with a seabed anchoring base.

[0010] The end face sealing and locking assembly is circumferentially disposed at the axial opening edges of the modular tunnel unit and the bionic spiral bearing shell, and the end face sealing and locking assembly is assembled between adjacent modular tunnel units and bionic spiral bearing shells;

[0011] The intelligent ventilation control system is embedded in the arch and the side ditch of the inverted arch of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell, and is used to construct a transverse ventilation channel for air supply from the arch and exhaust from the side ditch of the inverted arch.

[0012] The distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system is deployed along the inner and outer walls of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell, the end face sealing and locking assembly, and the simulated tension beam support assembly. It is used to collect stress, deformation, leakage, and water pressure sensing data from the shell, support structure, and sealed connection parts.

[0013] The multi-route redundant communication system is arranged along the tunnel axis in the reserved compartment on the side wall of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell, and is used to transmit the sensing data collected by the distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system; the signal output end of the distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system is wiredly connected to the intelligent ventilation control system and the control end of the multi-route redundant communication system.

[0014] Employing the aforementioned technical solutions, the biomimetic spiral cage shell can evenly disperse deep-sea pressure and water flow impact, avoiding stress concentration issues at straight tunnel joints, resulting in stronger pressure-bearing and protective performance. The simulated tensioned beam support, combined with a seabed anchoring base, balances lightweight design, high rigidity, and seismic energy dissipation, ensuring stable adaptation to the deep-sea environment. The inter-unit sealing and locking components achieve full-coverage waterproof sealing, eliminating the risk of seawater leakage. The transverse ventilation layout, with arched air supply and side-ditch exhaust, can quickly purify the air and provide emergency smoke extraction. Distributed fiber optic sensors monitor the structural operating status across the entire area, and multi-route redundant communication ensures stable transmission of monitoring data, enabling coordinated control of ventilation, monitoring, and communication systems. The overall modular and integrated design facilitates folding, transportation, and rapid assembly, simultaneously improving structural safety, passenger comfort, and ease of maintenance.

[0015] Furthermore, the biomimetic spiral bearing shell is a double-layer metal composite structure, with an inner layer of Q355 weathering steel bearing layer and an outer layer of titanium alloy anti-corrosion and wear-resistant layer. The shell thickness is 30cm and the compressive strength is 25MPa.

[0016] The outer wall of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell is provided with a low-adhesion nano anti-fouling coating, the inner arch wall is provided with a photochromic nano coating and a negative oxygen ion releasing coating, and the tunnel floor is paved with a high-pressure resistant polyurethane-based pressure-sensitive luminescent material.

[0017] The folding hinge points are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential and axial directions of the shell. The folding hinge points have built-in locking pin mechanisms, which lock the folding hinge points after the shell is unfolded.

[0018] Using the above technical solution, the double-layer composite shell relies on Q355 weathering steel to bear the main pressure, while the outer titanium alloy layer resists seawater corrosion and wear. The 30cm shell can withstand 25MPa deep-sea water pressure, significantly improving structural durability. The outer wall's nano-antifouling coating reduces marine organism adhesion, lowering cleaning and maintenance costs. The inner wall's photochromic and negative ion coating, combined with ground-based pressure-sensitive luminescent materials, optimizes the tunnel's lighting environment and alleviates the feeling of confinement. The shell is equipped with folding hinges with locking pins throughout. When folded, the volume is compressed for easy sea transport and deployment. After underwater unfolding, the locking pins immediately fix the shell in place, requiring no additional support and significantly shortening the on-site assembly period. This design balances the needs for deep-sea pressure resistance and corrosion protection, improved passage experience, and modular rapid deployment.

[0019] Furthermore, the simulated tensioned beam support assembly includes a rigid load-bearing beam, a connecting beam, and carbon fiber prestressed cables;

[0020] The rigid load-bearing beams are symmetrically arranged below the arch feet on both sides of the biomimetic spiral load-bearing shell, and the connecting beams connect the rigid load-bearing beams on both sides at equal intervals along the axial direction;

[0021] The carbon fiber prestressed cables are arranged in a concave arc shape, with both ends anchored to the end nodes of the axially rigid load-bearing beam, and a set is arranged every 3m.

[0022] The seabed anchoring base is located at the bottom of the axial rigid load-bearing beam, and the anchoring base extends into the rock layer 40m below the seabed. A viscous damping energy dissipation component is provided at the joint between the base and the carbon fiber prestressed cable.

[0023] Using the above technical solution, this simulated tensioned beam assembly relies on rigid load-bearing beams and connecting beams to form a stable frame, and is combined with arc-shaped carbon fiber prestressed cables to form a self-balancing force system. This achieves lightweight design while significantly improving overall stiffness, with the 3m-per-unit arrangement evenly distributing the shell load. The anchoring base extends 40m below the seabed into the rock strata, firmly securing the tunnel body and resisting disturbances from giant waves and ocean currents. Viscous damping energy dissipation components at the nodes absorb the impact energy of earthquakes and alternating water currents, improving seismic and fatigue resistance. The carbon fiber cables are resistant to seawater corrosion, making them less prone to rust and damage during long-term service. The overall support structure is stress-balanced, stable, and durable, adaptable to complex deep-sea geological environments, and reduces the risk of long-term structural deformation.

[0024] Furthermore, the main substrate of the end face sealing and locking assembly is a marine-specific high-strength nickel-chromium corrosion-resistant alloy, and the assembly has a built-in annular seal. The raw material of the annular seal is seawater-resistant high-pressure fluororubber, and the overall pressure bearing capacity of the end face sealing and locking assembly is 30MPa.

[0025] The circumferential cross-sectional profile of the end face sealing and locking assembly matches the end circumferential profile of the modular tunnel unit and the biomimetic spiral bearing shell. The end face sealing and locking assembly adopts a circumferential full-coverage assembly form with the end of the unit and the end of the shell. The end face sealing and locking assembly itself has multiple sets of circumferentially distributed assembly points, which are arranged at equal angular intervals along the circumference of the shell.

[0026] Using the above technical solution, the locking assembly is made of a nickel-chromium corrosion-resistant alloy substrate, suitable for the high-salt corrosion environment of the deep sea. The built-in fluororubber annular seal can withstand pressure up to 30MPa, meeting the high-pressure waterproof requirements of the deep sea. The component outline fits perfectly with the tunnel unit and the shell end, and the circumferential full-coverage assembly eliminates splicing gaps and prevents seawater infiltration. Multiple sets of assembly points are evenly distributed around the circumference, ensuring uniform force during locking and avoiding localized stress that could cause seal failure. The overall structure enables rapid alignment and locking of units, and the sealing layer is evenly compressed for long-term waterproofing, significantly reducing the risk of joint leakage in deep-sea conditions, extending the service life of tunnel splicing parts, simplifying the underwater assembly construction process, and improving the reliability of module splicing sealing.

[0027] Furthermore, the intelligent ventilation control system includes an arch-shaped air supply duct, an inverted arch side ditch exhaust duct, an axial flow ventilation unit, an air quality sensor group, an ionized air purification unit, and an adaptive air pressure balance device.

[0028] The ventilation volume of a single axial flow fan unit / s, with a set of air quality sensors installed every 30m along the tunnel axis;

[0029] The ionized air purification unit is located at the air inlet end of the dome air supply duct.

[0030] The adaptive air pressure balance device is electrically connected to the air quality sensor group. In the event of a fire, the system switches to the smoke exhaust path, which is connected to the exhaust duct of the side ditch of the inverted arch.

[0031] Using the above technical solution, the arch-top air supply combined with the side gutter exhaust of the inverted arch forms a transverse convection air duct. The high-volume air handling unit, coupled with sensors deployed every 30 meters, can collect real-time air quality data within the tunnel. The arched purification unit continuously purifies the incoming air, releasing negative ions to improve the enclosed space environment. An adaptive air pressure device dynamically adjusts the internal air pressure based on traffic flow, enhancing passenger comfort. In the event of a fire, the system automatically switches to the smoke exhaust duct, quickly removing smoke and reducing the risk of suffocation. The entire ventilation system is monitored and automatically controlled in real-time, combining daily air purification with emergency smoke extraction, effectively addressing the pain points of poor ventilation and delayed smoke extraction in long-distance undersea tunnels.

[0032] Furthermore, the distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system includes strain sensing optical fiber, temperature sensing optical fiber, and leakage detection optical fiber.

[0033] The strain sensing fiber is arranged along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell and the beam and cable of the simulated tensioned beam support assembly;

[0034] The temperature sensing fiber and the leakage detection fiber are uniformly arranged circumferentially along the end face sealing and locking assembly.

[0035] The system has multiple levels of numerical thresholds and communicates with intelligent ventilation control systems and multi-route redundant communication systems.

[0036] By employing the above technical solution, multiple types of optical fibers are deployed throughout the entire area. Strain gauge fibers fully cover the shell and supporting components, capturing structural deformation and stress changes in real time. Temperature and leakage detection fibers surround and seal the components, accurately monitoring joint leakage and seawater intrusion risks. The system has multiple warning thresholds, which trigger immediate alerts when anomalies occur. It also links with ventilation and communication systems, automatically adjusting tunnel ventilation conditions based on structural monitoring data. This achieves 24 / 7 online monitoring of the tunnel shell, supports, and sealing joints without blind spots, eliminating the need for manual inspections. It proactively predicts structural damage and leakage risks, ensuring the long-term operational safety of deep-sea tunnels from the source and reducing troubleshooting and maintenance costs.

[0037] Furthermore, the multi-route redundant communication system is equipped with three independent optical cables and a core control box;

[0038] The three independent optical cables are respectively arranged on the left side of the arch, the right side of the arch, and the reserved protective chamber in the middle of the inverted arch of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell. Each optical cable is externally covered with a steel wire armored high-strength polyethylene protective sleeve.

[0039] The core control box has a pluggable modular structure and a pressure resistance rating of 30MPa. The core control box integrates an automatic link switching path.

[0040] Adopting the above technical solution, the three optical cables are placed in three independent protective chambers, equipped with steel wire armored sleeves, which can avoid the problem of single-channel optical cable damage caused by seabed landslides and fishing boat trawling. The 30MPa pressure-resistant pluggable core control box is suitable for the high-pressure environment of the deep sea, and its modular structure facilitates individual disassembly and replacement underwater, reducing maintenance difficulty. The box integrates an automatic switching path, so that the system can instantly switch to other normal links when any optical cable fails, ensuring uninterrupted transmission of sensor monitoring data. The multi-route redundancy architecture completely solves the single-point failure defect of deep-sea communication, greatly improves communication stability, and simplifies the later operation and maintenance replacement process, providing reliable data transmission guarantee for all-weather safety monitoring of the tunnel.

[0041] Furthermore, the standard axial length of a single modular tunnel unit is 500m;

[0042] All the modular tunnel units described herein use uniform and standardized dimensions for their docking faces, electrical interfaces, and communication interfaces.

[0043] The ventilation units in the intelligent ventilation control system, the sensor nodes in the distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring system, and the communication boxes in the multi-route redundant communication system are all independent, detachable standard components.

[0044] Adopting the above technical solution, the 500m standardized unit length is suitable for maritime transportation and underwater hoisting operations. Each unit's end face, electrical, and communication interfaces are of uniform specifications, eliminating the need for on-site adaptation during assembly and significantly improving underwater assembly efficiency. Ventilation units, sensor nodes, and communication boxes are all independent, detachable standard components, eliminating the need for complete sealing of long tunnel sections for maintenance; only individual faulty components need to be replaced to restore service. The standardized design enables interchangeable parts, reducing spare parts production and inventory costs, shortening downtime, and balancing rapid modular construction in the early stages with lightweight operation and maintenance in the later stages. This effectively solves the problems of large workloads and high losses from total tunnel downtime in traditional tunnel maintenance.

[0045] Furthermore, the submarine tunnel structure is equipped with a mud-stone resource utilization construction module and an outer wall acoustic noise reduction layer;

[0046] The mud-stone resource utilization construction module includes a slag treatment unit, a solidification and molding unit, and a backfilling and conveying unit.

[0047] The waste disposal unit is used to collect construction waste and dredged sludge.

[0048] The solidification and molding unit is connected to the discharge end of the slag and soil treatment unit;

[0049] The backfilling and conveying unit is connected to the finished product outlet of the curing and molding unit;

[0050] The mud-stone resource utilization construction module is arranged in the land control area at both ends of the tunnel, and the outer wall acoustic noise reduction layer is laid on the outer surface of the outer titanium alloy anti-corrosion and wear-resistant layer of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2).

[0051] Using the above technical solution, the mud-stone resource utilization module can collect construction waste and dredged silt, which can be solidified and processed into ecological stone and backfilled into the seabed, realizing waste recycling and reducing the pollution of marine waters and benthic organisms caused by the discharge of construction waste, thus meeting the requirements of green construction. The outer shell is fully covered with an acoustic noise reduction layer, which can reduce underwater noise generated by construction and traffic, and avoid disturbing marine life habitats. The two sets of supporting facilities reduce the disturbance of the project to the marine ecology from the aspects of solid waste disposal and noise control, respectively, thereby reducing waste disposal costs and meeting the environmental protection management requirements of deep-sea engineering, and solving the shortcomings of traditional tunnel construction, which are characterized by prominent pollution and serious ecological damage.

[0052] A method for the operation and maintenance of a modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Folding Transportation and Subsea Deployment: The modular tunnel unit is compressed and stored by relying on the folding hinge points inside the biomimetic spiral support shell. It is then transported to the target sea area by sea and lowered to a preset point on the seabed with the help of underwater positioning equipment. The biomimetic spiral support shell is then unfolded and the folding hinge points are locked.

[0054] S2, Unit splicing and anchoring sealing: Adjacent modular tunnel units are connected by end-face sealing locking components. During the locking process, the internal fluororubber seals of the components are squeezed to anchor the seabed anchoring base at the bottom of the simulated tension beam support component into the rock layer 40m below the seabed.

[0055] S3. Daily data acquisition and control: The distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring system continuously collects structural sensing data, the intelligent ventilation control system adjusts the supply and exhaust air volume and the air pressure inside the corridor, the ionized air purification unit keeps running, and the multi-route redundant communication system transmits the collected sensing data.

[0056] S4. Replacement of faulty components: Seal the passage section corresponding to the faulty modular tunnel unit, unlock the end face sealing locking components at both ends of the faulty unit, and lift and remove the faulty unit as a whole. If only the internal components are faulty, directly plug and unplug the corresponding detachable standard components to replace them. After completing the sealing test, restore tunnel passage.

[0057] S5. Ecological Support and Maintenance Operations: The mud-to-stone resource utilization construction module is used to treat the dredged silt on the seabed, and regular maintenance operations are carried out on the inner and outer surface coatings of the bionic spiral bearing shell.

[0058] Adopting the above technical solution, this operation and maintenance method forms a standardized operation system throughout the entire process. First, the unit is deployed by sea through folding and compression of the shell, significantly reducing the difficulty and time required for deep-sea deployment. During assembly, sealing and deep anchoring are completed simultaneously, ensuring the overall structure's waterproof and stable performance from the source. Daily operations rely on fiber optic sensing, ventilation, and communication linkage for fully automated management, reducing manual inspection workload. In case of faults, individual units can be lifted out or standard components can be replaced without requiring complete closure, shortening downtime. Supporting sludge resource utilization and regular coating maintenance continuously reduce marine pollution, maintain the shell's corrosion and pressure resistance, and address the full lifecycle needs of construction deployment, daily management, fault repair, and ecological maintenance.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0060] 1. Excellent structural pressure resistance, durability, and safety. This invention employs a nautilus-inspired double-layered metal shell, which can evenly distribute the alternating water pressure in the deep sea, avoiding the stress concentration defects at the joints of traditional straight tunnels. Combined with a tension beam-like support and fluororubber high-pressure sealing components, its earthquake resistance, corrosion resistance, and leak-proof capabilities are significantly improved. The tunnel's main body can have a service life of up to 150 years, and the total maintenance cost is reduced by 25%. The support base is anchored to a rock layer 40m below the seabed, enabling it to withstand extreme marine conditions such as typhoons and giant waves, making it more environmentally adaptable.

[0061] 2. Rapid construction and deployment, convenient and efficient operation and maintenance. The shell is equipped with folding hinges for compressible storage, and the modular units facilitate rapid sea transport and underwater assembly, significantly shortening the construction cycle. The tunnel units, ventilation, sensing, and communication equipment are all standardized and detachable components. Local failures do not require a complete closure; only the faulty component or a single unit needs to be replaced to restore traffic, significantly reducing maintenance downtime losses.

[0062] 3. Green construction, reducing disturbance to the marine ecosystem. The supporting mud-stone resource utilization module solidifies and backfills construction waste and dredged silt, realizing the recycling of solid waste and reducing marine pollution from wastewater and construction waste. An acoustic noise reduction layer is added to the outer shell to reduce underwater noise and avoid disturbing the habitat of marine life, meeting the needs of deep-sea green engineering construction.

[0063] 4. Comprehensive upgrades to the travel experience and safety management. The photochromic coating on the inner wall, negative ion releasing materials, and pressure-sensitive luminescent materials on the ground alleviate the problems of confinement and visual fatigue in ultra-long tunnels. The intelligent ventilation system with air supply in the arch and exhaust in the side ditch can purify the air in real time and quickly remove smoke in case of fire. The distributed fiber optic sensing system with three redundant communication channels monitors structural stress and leakage hazards around the clock, eliminating the risk of single-point communication failure and providing a higher level of travel safety. Attached Figure Description

[0064] The present invention can be further illustrated by the non-limiting embodiments given in the accompanying drawings;

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a modular, deployable spiral submarine tunnel structure according to the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the intelligent ventilation control system of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a detailed layout diagram of the distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the multi-system linkage control logic of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the tunnel's full life-cycle operation and maintenance procedures according to the present invention.

[0070] The symbols for the main components are explained below:

[0071] Modular tunnel unit 1, biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2, imitation tensioned beam support assembly 3, rigid load-bearing beam 31, connecting beam 32, end face sealing and locking assembly 4. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0073] This embodiment is suitable for deep-sea passage sites with a water depth of 200 meters, a total length of 5 kilometers across the sea, and a base of intact rock strata. The overall layout adopts a two-way two-lane traffic layout, with a net width of 3.5 meters per lane and a design speed of 60 kilometers per hour for vehicles. The entire channel is formed by splicing together ten modular tunnel units 1 of uniform length along the direction. Each modular tunnel unit 1 is fully prefabricated in a land-based factory. The docking faces at both ends of the unit, the built-in electrical interfaces, and the communication interfaces all adopt uniform processing dimensions. After being transported to the offshore operation area, no secondary processing and adaptation are required on-site, and underwater alignment and assembly can be completed directly.

[0074] like Figure 1As shown: The overall modular tunnel unit 1 is completely wrapped with a mesh spiral cage-type bionic spiral bearing shell 2. The bionic spiral bearing shell 2 is a two-layer composite metal structure. The inner layer is made of Q355 weathering steel to bear all water pressure loads, and the outer layer is an integral rolled titanium alloy layer to achieve corrosion and wear resistance protection. The overall thickness of the bionic spiral bearing shell 2 is maintained at 30 cm, and the overall pressure bearing capacity can reach 25 MPa. It can stably withstand the static water pressure of 200 meters deep sea and the impact of continuous alternating water flow. The biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2 has multiple sets of folding hinges evenly arranged in the circumferential and axial directions. Metal locking pin mechanisms are installed inside the hinges. After factory prefabrication, the shell is compressed and stored inward by relying on the hinges. During the sea transport stage, the overall space occupied is reduced by 60%, which greatly reduces the loading pressure of ocean-going vessels. When the modular tunnel unit 1 is lowered to the preset rock layer location on the seabed by the underwater positioning equipment, the remote equipment drives the hinges to fully unfold the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2. The built-in locking pins automatically pop out and lock all the hinges. The formed biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2 does not require an additional underwater support structure. The internal hollow area directly accommodates the modular tunnel unit 1, forming a complete and sealed passageway.

[0075] The outermost layer of the biomimetic spiral support shell 2 is fully coated with a low-adhesion nano anti-fouling coating on its titanium alloy surface. Long-term underwater placement can reduce the accumulation of algae, shellfish, and other marine organisms, reducing the amount of cleaning and maintenance required for the outer wall later. The inner side of the arch wall of the biomimetic spiral support shell 2 is coated with a photochromic nano coating and a negative oxygen ion releasing coating. The corridor floor is fully covered with pressure-sensitive luminescent material made of high-pressure resistant polyurethane. Under the illumination of vehicle lights and natural light, the coating on the arch wall automatically adjusts its brightness and darkness. The ground material produces a soft luminous effect after being run over by vehicles, while continuously releasing negative oxygen ions, which alleviates visual fatigue and the oppressive feeling of a confined space caused by long-distance driving from both visual and physical perspectives.

[0076] Multiple sets of simulated tensioned beam support components 3 are evenly arranged along the entire underwater corridor. The upper end of each set of simulated tensioned beam support components 3 is rigidly welded and fixed to the outer arch foot position of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2. Seabed anchoring bases 31 are set at the bottom of the simulated tensioned beam support components 3. The seabed anchoring bases 31 are drilled down into the intact rock layer 40 meters below the seabed for fixation, completely avoiding the problem of overall channel displacement caused by seabed silt slippage and continuous impact of giant waves. The single-unit simulated tensioned beam support component 3 includes two symmetrically arranged rigid load-bearing beams 31, a transverse connecting beam 32, and a concave arc-shaped carbon fiber prestressed cable. The two rigid load-bearing beams 31 are symmetrically attached to the arch foot of the biomimetic spiral load-bearing shell 2. Adjacent rigid load-bearing beams 31 in the same section are rigidly connected by the connecting beam 32 to form a stable transverse force-bearing frame. A set of carbon fiber prestressed cables is installed every 3 meters. The two ends of the cables are fixed to the end nodes of the rigid load-bearing beams 31. Viscous damping energy dissipation components are added at the node positions. When encountering seabed vibrations and alternating loads of giant waves, the damping components continuously absorb impact energy, improving the overall structure's seismic resistance and fatigue resistance. The carbon fiber material is resistant to seawater chloride ion corrosion and will not have the risk of rust and breakage during long-term underwater use.

[0077] An end-face sealing and locking assembly 4 is assembled between the axially mating ends of two adjacent modular tunnel units 1 and biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2. The end-face sealing and locking assembly 4 completely wraps around the end contours of the unit and shell along the circumferential direction. The main body of the end-face sealing and locking assembly 4 is made of marine-grade high-strength nickel-chromium corrosion-resistant alloy. The end-face sealing and locking assembly 4 has annular fluororubber seals arranged around its interior. The overall pressure bearing capacity reaches 30 MPa, with sufficient pressure redundancy. The end-face sealing and locking assembly 4 has multiple sets of assembly points evenly opened in the circumferential direction. During underwater splicing operations, all fasteners at all points are tightened simultaneously. The fasteners evenly squeeze the fluororubber seals inward, and the seals tightly fit the splicing gaps of the units to form a gapless waterproof barrier, preventing high-pressure seawater from seeping inward from the splicing gaps. This solves the problem of concentrated stress and frequent leakage in traditional straight submarine channel joints.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown: The biomimetic spiral support shell 2 has a pre-reserved air supply duct running through the entire arch. An ionization air purification unit is fixedly installed at the air inlet of the duct. Fresh air cooled from the outside first passes through the ionization air purification unit to release negative ions before being sent into the corridor. Multiple axial flow ventilation units are evenly arranged along the direction inside the arch air supply duct. The stable ventilation volume of a single axial flow ventilation unit is... / s, axial flow ventilation units are arranged in groups of equidistant every 30 meters along the channel.

[0079] The corridor features a continuous inverted arch side ditch ventilation duct on both sides at its bottom. Two independent pipelines branch off from the ends of these ducts, serving as a regular ventilation path and a fire smoke extraction path, respectively. The two pipelines are switched on and off by electrically controlled valves. An air quality sensor array is installed every 30 meters along the corridor's direction. These sensors collect real-time data on carbon monoxide and dust concentrations within the corridor, and the collected signals are directly connected to an adaptive pressure balancing device.

[0080] During normal vehicle traffic, the electronically controlled valve connects to the regular exhaust ventilation path, and the arched air supply duct evenly delivers purified air downwards. After the airflow passes through the vehicle traffic area, it converges into the exhaust ventilation ducts on both sides of the bottom arch, forming a horizontal convection airflow from top to bottom. This quickly dilutes the exhaust gas and dust generated by vehicle movement. The adaptive air pressure balancing device dynamically adjusts the operating power of the axial flow ventilation unit based on the pollutant concentration data transmitted back in real time by the air quality sensor group. When the traffic flow increases and the pollutant concentration rises, the supply and exhaust air volume is automatically increased to balance the air pressure inside the corridor and avoid stuffiness in the enclosed space.

[0081] When the distributed fiber optic sensor monitoring system detects high temperature and open flame signals and triggers a fire early warning, the system automatically switches the electrically controlled valves to open the fire smoke exhaust path, and simultaneously increases the maximum power of all axial flow ventilation units. The high temperature and dense smoke inside the corridor quickly flows into the bottom arch side ditch exhaust duct, and is discharged at high speed through the dedicated smoke exhaust path, shortening the smoke retention time and reducing the risk of personnel suffocation. At the same time, the system pushes fire location early warning information to the land control terminal.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown: The entire interior of the channel is equipped with three types of sensing cables: strain sensing fiber optic cable, temperature sensing fiber optic cable, and leakage detection fiber optic cable. All cables are wrapped in corrosion-resistant protective sleeves to adapt to the high-salt and high-pressure environment of the deep sea.

[0083] Strain sensing optical fibers are laid out in a complete circumferential and longitudinal manner along the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2, and are also attached to the rigid load-bearing beam 31 and carbon fiber cable surface of the simulated tensioned beam support component 3. This allows for all-weather capture of data on the pressure deformation of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2 and the stress changes of the simulated tensioned beam support component 3. It also allows for real-time monitoring of the stress state of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2 after the water pressure is dispersed, and early identification of potential overload deformation of the shell. Temperature sensing optical fibers and leakage detection optical fibers are evenly arranged in a circumferential manner along the end face sealing and locking components 4 between units. This continuously collects seawater temperature and trace water seepage signals at the splicing joint locations, accurately locating the joint sealing failure and leakage point. This allows for the completion of the entire structural hazard investigation without the need for manual underwater inspection.

[0084] The signal output terminals of all sensor cables are wired to the control terminals of the intelligent ventilation control system and the multi-route redundant communication system via waterproof cables. When the cables collect abnormal signals such as shell deformation or joint leakage, the multi-route redundant communication system simultaneously uploads the early warning data to the land-based control backend. The intelligent ventilation control system simultaneously adjusts the ventilation conditions of the tunnel. If a large amount of water seepage risk is detected at the joint, the system automatically increases the ventilation volume, reduces the air humidity inside the tunnel, and slows down the corrosion rate of internal metal components, thus realizing the synchronous linkage control of structural monitoring and tunnel operation equipment.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown: The multi-route redundant communication system has three independent sealed protective chambers reserved on the side wall of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2. A complete and independent optical cable is arranged on each of the three locations: the left side of the arch, the right side of the arch, and the middle of the invert arch. These three optical cables are independently deployed and do not contact each other, avoiding the problem of single-cable damage and data interruption caused by seabed landslides or trawls from fishing boats. Each optical cable is completely covered with a steel wire armored high-strength polyethylene protective sleeve, which resists impacts from underwater hard objects and seawater corrosion, extending the underwater service life of the optical cable. A core control box is installed in each 500-meter modular tunnel unit 1 of the corridor. The core control box adopts a pluggable modular structure with an overall pressure resistance of 30 MPa, capable of directly withstanding the high-pressure environment of the deep sea. During underwater maintenance, there is no need to completely seal the unit; the core control box can be directly plugged in, removed, and replaced, significantly reducing maintenance time. The core control box integrates an automatic link switching path. During normal operation, the three optical cables transmit sensor monitoring data synchronously. If any optical cable breaks or the signal is interrupted, the internal path of the core control box instantly switches to the remaining two intact optical cables, ensuring that the stress, leakage, and ventilation data collected by the distributed optical fiber sensor monitoring system are continuously transmitted to the land-based management and control backend. This solves the shortcoming of traditional tunnel single-path communication cable failure causing complete paralysis.

[0086] The entire underwater corridor is equipped with two types of ecological supporting facilities: mud-stone resource utilization construction modules and external acoustic noise reduction layers. The entire outer surface of the biomimetic spiral load-bearing shell 2, with its outer titanium alloy anti-corrosion and wear-resistant layer, is completely covered with an external acoustic noise reduction layer. This layer continuously and seamlessly covers the shell, absorbing and attenuating underwater noise generated by traffic and equipment operation, preventing the widespread diffusion of sound waves and disturbing the habitats of seabed fish and benthic organisms, thus reducing the project's disturbance to the native marine ecosystem. The mud-stone resource utilization construction modules are simultaneously deployed at the land-based control bases at both ends of the tunnel. These modules consist of three parts: a spoil treatment unit, a solidification and molding unit, and a backfilling and transportation unit. During the construction phase, the excavated soil and silt generated from the tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation, as well as the silt generated from the regular dredging of the seabed during the operation and maintenance phase, are all collected in a unified manner in the excavated soil treatment unit. After the excavated soil treatment unit completes the screening and desalination of the mud and sand, it is sent to the solidification and molding unit. Environmentally friendly solidifying agents are added to process the silt and excavated soil into ecological mud-based stone materials. The molded stone materials are then directly transported to the low-lying areas of the seabed around the tunnel for backfilling through the backfilling and conveying unit, realizing the closed-loop resource utilization of construction waste. There is no need to transport the excavated soil over long distances or discharge silt and wastewater into the open sea, which meets the standards for green marine construction.

[0087] like Figure 5 As shown: The entire underwater corridor follows a closed-loop standardized operation process from prefabrication, launching, daily operation, fault repair to ecological maintenance. 500-meter standard modular tunnel unit 1 is prefabricated in the factory. After processing, the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2 is compressed and stored by circumferential and axial folding hinge points. After compression, the whole unit is hoisted to the cabin of an ocean-going transport vessel and transported to the target deep sea area of ​​200 meters. The vessel is equipped with underwater high-precision positioning equipment to lower the modular tunnel unit 1, accurately placing it at the preset rock layer point on the seabed. The underwater remote drive fully unfolds the shell folding hinge points, and the built-in locking mechanism automatically locks all hinge points, completing the seabed formation of a single unit. After a single unit is formed, the underwater construction equipment, equipped with the end-face sealing and locking component 4, completes the axial docking of two adjacent modular tunnel units 1. The fasteners at all circumferential assembly points of the end-face sealing and locking component 4 are tightened evenly. The fasteners compress the internal fluororubber annular seal to eliminate the gaps in the unit splicing. Then, the seabed anchoring base 31 at the bottom of the simulated tension beam support component 3 is driven to drill downwards and anchor into the intact rock layer 40 meters below the seabed to complete the seabed fixation of the entire unit. At the same time, a preliminary sealing water pressure test is carried out. After confirming that there is no water leakage at the joint, the next unit splicing operation is carried out, and the entire 5-kilometer corridor is built in sections.

[0088] After the tunnel is fully opened to traffic and put into use, the distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring system continuously collects sensor data from the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2, the simulated tension beam support component 3, and the end face sealing and locking component 4 around the clock. The multi-route redundant communication system stably transmits data to the land-based backend. The intelligent ventilation control system dynamically adjusts the supply and exhaust air volume based on the environmental data transmitted back by the air quality sensor group and fiber optics. The ion state air purification unit operates continuously year-round to maintain a comfortable passage environment inside the corridor. The entire control process does not require regular underwater inspections by divers. It relies on the intelligent system for fully automatic control, reducing manual operation and maintenance costs.

[0089] During operation and maintenance, after the system identifies the fault, it automatically distinguishes the fault type and executes two sets of differentiated maintenance plans. When independent detachable standard components such as ventilation units, sensor nodes, and communication boxes fail, it is not necessary to seal the entire 500-meter tunnel unit. Only the corresponding faulty local passage section is closed. The faulty standard component is directly plugged and unplugged underwater. After the replacement is completed, a local sealing water pressure test is carried out. If the test is qualified, the local passage of the tunnel can be restored. If the entire modular tunnel unit 1 fails, the passage section corresponding to the 500-meter unit is completely sealed. The sealing locking components 4 at both ends of the unit are unlocked, and the faulty unit is lifted out as a whole by underwater hoisting equipment and transported back to the shore repair shop for inspection. At the same time, a brand-new prefabricated standard unit is lowered to complete the splicing and anchoring. After the splicing is completed, a full-section sealing water pressure test is carried out. If there is no leakage problem, the passage of the entire seabed corridor is restored.

[0090] Routine ecological maintenance is carried out concurrently with the daily operation and maintenance of the tunnel. The mud-to-stone resource utilization construction module is used regularly to process the dredged silt from the seabed and process it into ecological stone materials for backfilling the surrounding seabed. Every year, underwater workers carry out comprehensive maintenance on the inner and outer surface coatings of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell 2, repairing the damaged areas of the low-adhesion nano antifouling coating and the acoustic noise reduction layer on the outer wall, and reapplying the photochromic nano coating and negative oxygen ion releasing coating on the inner wall. The high-pressure resistant polyurethane-based pressure-sensitive luminescent material on the ground is also inspected and replaced simultaneously to maintain the shell's pressure resistance and corrosion resistance and optimize the passage experience in the long term.

[0091] Once the entire facility is in place, the nautilus-inspired double-layered shell evenly distributes the alternating water pressure at a depth of 200 meters, avoiding the stress concentration defects of traditional straight-channel splicing. Combined with a 40-meter rock-anchored, tensioned beam-like support component 3 and a 30 MPa pressure-bearing end-face sealing and locking component 4, the main body of the channel can be stably used for 150 years, reducing total maintenance costs by 25%. It can withstand extreme marine conditions such as typhoons, giant waves, and seabed vibrations. The folding and compression design of the shell significantly simplifies ocean transportation and underwater assembly processes. The overall construction cycle of the 5-kilometer deep-sea corridor is shortened by 40% compared to traditional immersed tunnels. Standardized detachable components greatly reduce downtime for fault repair and maintenance. The mud-stone resource utilization construction module achieves zero discharge of silt and excavated soil. The outer acoustic noise reduction layer weakens underwater engineering noise, maximizing the protection of marine life habitats. The distributed fiber optic sensing system, combined with a multi-route redundant communication system consisting of three independent optical cables, continuously monitors structural hazards. The intelligent ventilation and control system takes into account both daily air purification and rapid smoke extraction in case of fire. The multi-layer functional coating on the inner wall alleviates the oppressive feeling of passing through the ultra-long passage. All these features comprehensively improve the operational safety and driving comfort of the deep-sea cross-sea passage. The 5-kilometer underwater corridor opens up a cross-sea passage between the two sides, creating a 1-hour economic circle in the region and reducing cross-sea logistics and transportation costs. At the same time, the unique light and shadow design inside the passage creates a distinctive coastal engineering landmark, taking into account multiple values ​​such as traffic flow, ecological protection, and regional economic development.

[0092] The above provides a detailed description of a modular, deployable spiral subsea tunnel structure and its operation and maintenance method provided by the present invention. The specific embodiments described are only intended to aid in understanding the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure, characterized in that, It includes several modular tunnel units (1) that are spliced ​​together along the tunnel axis, as well as a biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2), a simulated tension beam support assembly (3), an end face sealing and locking assembly (4), an intelligent ventilation control system, a distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system, and a multi-route redundant communication system integrated on each modular tunnel unit (1). The biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2) is a grid spiral cage-type pressure-bearing enclosure structure. The biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2) covers the outer periphery of the modular tunnel unit (1), and the internal cavity of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2) corresponds to the modular tunnel unit (1). The simulated tensioned beam support assembly (3) is arranged at intervals along the tunnel axis at the bottom of the arch foot on the outside of the bionic spiral bearing shell (2). The upper end of the simulated tensioned beam support assembly (3) is rigidly connected to the outer wall of the bionic spiral bearing shell (2), and the lower end is provided with a seabed anchoring base (31). The end face sealing and locking assembly (4) is circumferentially disposed at the axial opening edges of the modular tunnel unit (1) and the bionic spiral bearing shell (2), and the end face sealing and locking assembly (4) is assembled between adjacent modular tunnel units (1) and bionic spiral bearing shell (2). The intelligent ventilation control system is embedded in the arch and the side ditch of the inverted arch of the bionic spiral bearing shell (2) to construct a transverse ventilation channel for air supply from the arch and exhaust from the side ditch of the inverted arch. The distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system is deployed along the inner wall, outer wall, end face sealing and locking assembly (4), and simulated tension beam support assembly (3) of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2), and is used to collect stress, deformation, leakage and water pressure sensing data of the shell, support structure and sealing connection parts. The multi-route redundant communication system is arranged along the tunnel axis in the reserved compartment on the side wall of the bionic spiral bearing shell (2) for transmitting the sensing data collected by the distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system. The signal output terminal of the distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system is wiredly connected to the control terminals of the intelligent ventilation control system and the multi-route redundant communication system.

2. The modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2) is a double-layer metal composite structure. The inner layer is a Q355 weathering steel bearing layer, and the outer layer is a titanium alloy anti-corrosion and wear-resistant layer. The shell thickness is 30cm and the pressure resistance is 25MPa. The outer wall of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2) is provided with a low-adhesion nano anti-fouling coating, the inner arch wall is provided with a photochromic nano coating and a negative oxygen ion release coating, and the tunnel floor is paved with a high-pressure resistant polyurethane-based pressure-sensitive luminescent material. The folding hinge points are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential and axial directions of the shell. The folding hinge points have built-in locking pin mechanisms, which lock the folding hinge points after the shell is unfolded.

3. The modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated tensioned beam support assembly (3) includes a rigid load-bearing beam (31), a connecting beam (32), and carbon fiber prestressed cables; The rigid load-bearing beams (31) are symmetrically arranged below the arch feet on both sides of the bionic spiral load-bearing shell, and the connecting beams (32) connect the rigid load-bearing beams (31) on both sides at equal intervals along the axial direction. The carbon fiber prestressed cables are arranged in a concave arc shape, with both ends anchored to the end nodes of the axially rigid load-bearing beam, and a set is arranged every 3m. The seabed anchoring base is located at the bottom of the axial rigid load-bearing beam, and the anchoring base extends into the rock layer 40m below the seabed. A viscous damping energy dissipation component is provided at the joint between the base and the carbon fiber prestressed cable.

4. The modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main substrate of the end face sealing and locking assembly (4) is a marine-specific high-strength nickel-chromium corrosion-resistant alloy. The assembly has a built-in annular seal, the raw material of which is seawater-resistant high-pressure fluororubber. The overall pressure resistance index of the end face sealing and locking assembly (4) is 30MPa. The circumferential cross-sectional profile of the end face sealing and locking assembly (4) matches the end circumferential profile of the modular tunnel unit (1) and the bionic spiral bearing shell (2). The end face sealing and locking assembly (4) adopts a circumferential full-coverage assembly form with the end of the unit and the end of the shell. The end face sealing and locking assembly (4) itself has multiple sets of circumferentially distributed assembly points, and the assembly points are arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the shell.

5. The modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent ventilation control system includes an arch-shaped air supply duct, an inverted arch side ditch exhaust duct, an axial flow ventilation unit, an air quality sensor group, an ionized air purification unit, and an adaptive air pressure balance device. A single axial flow fan unit has a ventilation volume of 80. / S, an air quality sensor is installed every 30m along the tunnel axis; The ionized air purification unit is located at the air inlet end of the dome air supply duct. The adaptive air pressure balance device is electrically connected to the air quality sensor group. In the event of a fire, the system switches to the smoke exhaust path, which is connected to the exhaust duct of the side ditch of the inverted arch.

6. A modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed optical fiber sensing and monitoring system includes strain sensing optical fiber, temperature sensing optical fiber, and leakage detection optical fiber. The strain sensing fiber is arranged along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2) and the beam and cable of the simulated tensioned beam support assembly (3); The temperature sensing fiber and the leakage detection fiber are uniformly arranged circumferentially along the end face sealing and locking assembly (4). The system has multiple levels of numerical thresholds and communicates with intelligent ventilation control systems and multi-route redundant communication systems.

7. A modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-route redundant communication system is equipped with three independent optical cables and a core control box; The three independent optical cables are respectively arranged in the left side of the arch, the right side of the arch, and the middle of the inverted arch of the bionic spiral bearing shell (2). The external of each optical cable is covered with a steel wire armored high-strength polyethylene protective sleeve. The core control box has a pluggable modular structure and a pressure resistance rating of 30MPa. The core control box integrates an automatic link switching path.

8. A modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard axial length of a single modular tunnel unit (1) is 500m; All the docking faces, electrical docking interfaces, and communication docking interfaces of the modular tunnel units (1) adopt uniform and standardized dimensions and specifications; The ventilation units in the intelligent ventilation control system, the sensor nodes in the distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring system, and the communication boxes in the multi-route redundant communication system are all independent, detachable standard components.

9. A modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The submarine tunnel structure is equipped with a mud-stone resource utilization construction module and an outer wall acoustic noise reduction layer. The mud-stone resource utilization construction module includes a slag treatment unit, a solidification and molding unit, and a backfilling and conveying unit. The waste disposal unit is used to collect construction waste and dredged sludge. The solidification and molding unit is connected to the discharge end of the slag and soil treatment unit; The backfilling and conveying unit is connected to the finished product outlet of the curing and molding unit; The mud-stone resource utilization construction module is arranged in the land control area at both ends of the tunnel, and the outer wall acoustic noise reduction layer is laid on the outer surface of the outer titanium alloy anti-corrosion and wear-resistant layer of the biomimetic spiral bearing shell (2).

10. A method for operation and maintenance of a modular, deployable subsea tunnel structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Folding Transportation and Subsea Deployment: The modular tunnel unit (1) is compressed and stored by the folding hinge point inside the bionic spiral bearing shell (2), transported by sea to the target sea area, and lowered to the preset point on the seabed with the help of underwater positioning equipment. The bionic spiral bearing shell (2) is then unfolded and the folding hinge point is locked. S2, Unit splicing and anchoring sealing: The end face sealing locking component (4) is used to connect the adjacent modular tunnel unit (1). During the locking process, the internal fluororubber seal of the component is squeezed to anchor the seabed anchoring base (31) at the bottom of the simulated tension beam support component (3) into the rock layer 40m below the seabed. S3. Daily data acquisition and control: The distributed fiber optic sensing and monitoring system continuously collects structural sensing data, the intelligent ventilation control system adjusts the supply and exhaust air volume and the air pressure inside the corridor, the ionized air purification unit keeps running, and the multi-route redundant communication system transmits the collected sensing data. S4. Replacement of faulty components: Seal the faulty modular tunnel unit (1) corresponding to the passage section, unlock the end face sealing locking components (4) at both ends of the faulty unit, and lift the entire faulty unit out. If only the internal components are faulty, directly plug and unplug the corresponding detachable standard components and restore tunnel passage after completing the sealing test. S5. Ecological Support and Maintenance Operations: Use the mud-stone resource utilization construction module to treat the seabed dredged silt, and regularly maintain the inner and outer surface coatings of the bionic spiral bearing shell (2).

Images