Modular split drilling rig and method of construction thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a modular split type drilling machine and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of drilling machines. The drilling machine comprises a main machine structure assembly assembled by multiple structural modules, a drilling assembly installed on the main machine structure assembly, multiple segmented drill rod assemblies, and a residue discharging assembly movably sleeved outside the drill rod assemblies. The residue discharging assembly comprises a residue collecting cylinder and a rock breaking cutter fixedly arranged at the bottom of the residue collecting cylinder. The single-piece weight of each structural module is adapted to cableway transportation and manual carrying. The application realizes quick disassembly and assembly and light-weight transportation of the whole machine through modular design, solves the problem that large equipment cannot enter the mountainous area, and realizes dry residue collecting through synchronous rotation of the residue collecting cylinder and the rock breaking cutter. The residue is directly lifted to the hole opening and discharged through cooperation of the slick line drill rod sliding fishing tool, and mud circulation is not needed. Reliable counter-torque support is provided through cooperation of the flat square and the slip, and safe and efficient adding and removing of the drill rod is ensured, and the drilling machine is suitable for pile foundation construction in the mountainous area without roads, water and electricity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling rig technology, specifically to a modular split-type drilling rig and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary drilling rigs have become the mainstream equipment in the field of pile foundation construction due to their advantages such as high drilling efficiency, good construction quality, and high degree of automation. They are widely used in various engineering projects such as buildings, bridges, railways, and highways. Conventional rotary drilling rigs usually adopt an integral steel structure main frame, equipped with a high-power engine, a high-torque power head, and a heavy-duty crawler chassis. The weight of the whole machine is generally tens of tons or even hundreds of tons. Disassembly and relocation require auxiliary equipment such as large cranes and flatbed trailers. They have strict requirements on the width, slope, and load-bearing capacity of the transportation roads, as well as the flatness of the construction site and the working space.

[0003] However, in the mountainous and hilly areas of western my country, and in some areas with special topography, the construction of power transmission line tower foundations, communication base stations, and geological disaster control projects often faces extreme working conditions such as no roads, no water, and no electricity. The construction area is narrow, large engineering vehicles cannot enter, and equipment transportation can only rely on cableways, animal power, or manual labor. Under these conditions, traditional rotary drilling rigs are completely unable to enter the site due to their excessive size and weight.

[0004] Currently, such projects mainly rely on manual excavation, where workers descend into the hole, use tools such as pneumatic drills and rock drills to break up the rock and soil, and then use simple winches to lift the excavated soil to the surface. Although manual excavation involves simple equipment and is highly adaptable, it suffers from prominent problems such as harsh working conditions, high safety risks, high labor intensity, and extremely low construction efficiency. The construction period for a single hole is often several times or even dozens of times longer than that of mechanical drilling, severely restricting the construction progress and safety of pile foundation projects in mountainous areas.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, those skilled in the art have attempted to miniaturize traditional rotary drilling rigs to adapt them to mountainous operating environments. However, existing miniaturized drilling rig solutions still have many shortcomings.

[0006] First, the main frame of existing drilling rigs mostly adopts an integral welded structure or a partially bolted connection structure. Although the weight and volume of the overall frame have been reduced, small cranes are still required for disassembly and assembly, making it impossible to achieve complete lightweighting of individual modules. The structural components are highly interconnected and interdependent, and the volume and weight of the component units after disassembly are still too large, which cannot meet the actual needs of limited cableway capacity in mountainous areas (usually a single lifting weight does not exceed 1.5 tons) and manual handling.

[0007] Secondly, most existing drilling rigs use mud circulation for cuttings removal, employing mud to carry rock cuttings from the bottom of the borehole to a surface sedimentation tank. In mountainous areas without water sources, mud preparation is impossible, and the large-scale use of mud causes damage to vegetation and water pollution. Furthermore, transporting the mud after drilling is extremely difficult. While some existing technologies propose air-lift reverse circulation cuttings removal solutions, these require high-power air compressors and sealed piping systems, further increasing the size and weight of the equipment, contradicting the goal of lightweight design.

[0008] Secondly, existing drilling rigs typically use monolithic long drill pipes or standard API threaded oil drill pipes. Monolithic long drill pipes can be several meters long and weigh hundreds of kilograms, making them extremely difficult to transport in mountainous areas as they cannot be disassembled. While standard API threaded oil drill pipes can be connected in sections, the outer wall of the drill pipe has joint steps and helical grooves, which prevent retrieval tools or other auxiliary tools from sliding freely along the outer wall during drilling and hoisting. This necessitates complex robotic arms or manual intervention for slag removal and retrieval operations.

[0009] Furthermore, existing drilling rigs require the power head to be moved significantly upwards to create operating space when adding or removing drill rods. Multiple operators are needed to perform the alignment, coupling, and uncoupling of the drill rods. The clamping and securing of drill rods lacks specialized auxiliary devices, making the operation cumbersome, time-consuming, and posing a safety hazard of drill rods falling and injuring people. Especially when the drill string needs to be disassembled one by one at the end of the hole and the number of drill rods in the hole increases, the total weight of the drill rod string continuously increases. Existing equipment lacks effective segmented load-bearing and anti-rotation devices for the drill rods, causing the drill rod string to easily slide or rotate during uncoupling, making the uncoupling operation extremely difficult or even impossible. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular split-type drilling rig, which solves the problems of existing drilling rigs, such as excessive weight of individual components due to their integral structure, inability to be transported in mountainous areas by cableway or manual handling, inability to operate in waterless environments due to reliance on mud circulation for slag removal, difficulty in transporting drill rods in sections, and cumbersome operation and safety hazards due to the lack of reliable anti-torque support when adding or removing drill rods.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0012] A modular, split-type drilling rig includes:

[0013] The host structure assembly includes multiple structural modules, which are assembled into an overall frame through detachable connectors. Each structural module is an independently detachable unit.

[0014] The drilling assembly, mounted on the main structure assembly, is used to output rotary torque and axial reciprocating thrust;

[0015] A drill pipe assembly is detachably mounted on the drilling assembly. The drill pipe assembly includes multiple segmented drill pipes, each of which is detachably connected in sequence.

[0016] The slag discharge assembly is movably sleeved outside the drill pipe assembly. The slag discharge assembly includes a slag collection bucket, a rock-breaking cutter, and a retrieval device. The slag collection bucket is located at the bottom of the drill pipe assembly, and the rock-breaking cutter is fixed to the bottom of the slag collection bucket. The retrieval device is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill pipe assembly and can slide along the axial direction of the drill pipe assembly. The lower end of the retrieval device is provided with an opening and closing mechanism for selectively engaging or releasing with the slag collection bucket.

[0017] The drill rod assembly transmits rotational torque and axial force to the rock-breaking cutter under the drive of the drilling assembly. The slag collection bucket is used to collect slag simultaneously when the rock-breaking cutter breaks the rock and soil, and the collected slag is lifted to the borehole opening and discharged by the retrieval device.

[0018] Preferably, the main structure assembly includes at least a gantry module, a base module, a power head mounting module, and a counterweight module, and the modules are connected by pins or bolts to form a detachable frame structure.

[0019] Preferably, the drill rod is a smooth-walled tubular structure, and the retrieval device is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill rod and can slide freely along the length of the drill rod.

[0020] Preferably, the outer wall of the drill pipe is provided with a flat square, and the main structure assembly is provided with a slip and a support platform. The slip has a mating surface adapted to the flat square, which is used to constrain the rotational degree of freedom of the drill pipe in the circumferential direction. The support platform is used to support the drill pipe assembly in the axial direction to bear part or all of the weight of the drill pipe assembly.

[0021] Preferably, it also includes a release device, which is detachably installed between the output end of the drilling assembly and the drill pipe. The release device is provided with a keyway that is adapted to the flat side of the drill pipe. The release device transmits the rotational torque of the drilling assembly to the drill pipe through the cooperation of the keyway and the flat side, so as to realize the threaded connection or separation between adjacent drill pipes or between the drill pipe and the slag removal assembly.

[0022] Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism includes at least two opening and closing devices, each of which is distributed circumferentially around the retrieval device. Each opening and closing device includes a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the retrieval device. The rotating shaft is provided with a guide groove, and a guide member is slidably fitted in the guide groove. The reciprocating motion of the retrieval device along the drill rod axis drives the rotating shaft to rotate stepwise within a predetermined angle range through the sliding fit between the guide member and the guide groove, thereby controlling the opening and closing device to switch between an engaged state and a released state with the slag collection bucket.

[0023] Preferably, it also includes a robotic arm assembly, which is mounted on the main structure assembly. The robotic arm assembly has multiple degrees of freedom and is used to grasp, hold, lift, and move the drill rod to assist in the addition and disassembly of the drill rod.

[0024] The drill rod is provided with a first connecting part at its end. The first connecting part is used to realize the detachable connection between adjacent drill rods, or the detachable connection between the drill rod and the drilling assembly.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a modular split-type drilling rig, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Assemble the various structural modules of the main unit structure assembly into an overall frame using detachable connectors and set them at the construction hole positions;

[0027] S2. Connect the first section of the drill rod in the drill rod assembly to the slag collection bucket in the slag discharge assembly, and drive the drill rod assembly and the slag collection bucket to rotate and advance to break the rock and soil. The rock and soil debris is directly collected in the slag collection bucket.

[0028] S3. When the slag in the slag collection bucket reaches the predetermined capacity, the slag collection bucket and the drill rod assembly are released axially. The retrieval device slides along the outer wall of the drill rod assembly to the slag collection bucket. The opening and closing mechanism of the retrieval device automatically hooks the slag collection bucket and lifts it to the hole to discharge the slag.

[0029] S4. When the drilling depth reaches the stroke limit of a single drill pipe section, the current drill pipe is constrained and supported in the circumferential and axial directions by the slips and support platform on the main structure assembly, the drilling assembly is separated from the current drill pipe section, and the next drill pipe section is connected to increase the drilling depth.

[0030] S5. Repeat the above drilling, slag removal and drill rod extension steps until the designed hole depth is reached;

[0031] S6. After the hole is completed, the drill rod assembly is supported and constrained one by one by the slips and the support platform. The rotational torque of the drilling assembly is transmitted to the drill rod to be disassembled by the uncoupling device. Each section of the drill rod is separated and removed one by one. Finally, the slag collection bucket is lifted out of the hole to complete the hole-making operation.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] This invention divides the main structure assembly into independent units such as the gantry module, base module, power head mounting module, and counterweight module. The modules are detachably connected by pins or bolts, and the weight of a single module is controlled within 1.5 tons. This solves the problem that existing drilling rigs, due to their integral structure, have excessively large individual components that cannot be transported in mountainous areas by cableway or manual handling. It enables cableway transportation and manual handling in mountainous areas without the need for large hoisting equipment, greatly reducing the difficulty of equipment entry.

[0034] By fixing the slag collection cylinder at the bottom of the drill rod assembly to the rock-breaking cutter, rock breaking and slag collection are completed simultaneously. With the help of the retrieval device, which is movably sleeved on the outside of the smooth wall drill rod and can slide along its axis, the slag collection cylinder filled with slag is directly lifted to the borehole and discharged by the conveyor belt. This solves the problem that existing drilling rigs rely on mud circulation for slag discharge and cannot operate in a waterless environment. It enables dry soil removal and slag discharge under waterless conditions, avoiding mud pollution and dependence on water sources.

[0035] By using multiple segmented smooth-walled drill rods connected by threads to form a drill rod assembly, the outer walls of each drill rod are smooth and continuous, and each rod is lightweight, which solves the problem of difficult handling of segmented drill rods. A single drill rod is easy to transport in mountainous areas, and the retrieval tool can slide freely along the entire length of the rod without jamming.

[0036] By setting a flat square on the outer wall of the drill pipe, and cooperating with the slips on the sliding chamber door, the drill pipe rotation is constrained in the circumferential direction and counter-torque support is provided. At the same time, when the drill pipe is lifted at the end of the hole, the torque of the power head is transmitted to the drill pipe to be disassembled by the uncoupling device. With the help of the robot, the drill pipe is grasped, clamped, lifted and transferred. This solves the problem of cumbersome operation and safety hazards caused by the lack of reliable counter-torque support when adding or removing drill pipes. Drill pipe addition and removal operations can be completed safely and efficiently by a single person or with the assistance of a robot, effectively preventing the drill pipe from rotating and falling. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of adding a drill rod during the hole-making process of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram showing the sequential disassembly of the drill rod using a shackler after the hole has been drilled according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0041] Figure 4This is a three-dimensional diagram of how the sliding chamber door of the present invention jams the flat drill rod.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the slag discharge state without drill rods in this invention.

[0043] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Side view.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the connecting flange of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the connecting flange of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the connecting flange of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional diagram showing the connection between the shackle and the flange shaft of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 11 This is a bottom view of the slag collection bucket of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 12 This is a side view of the slag collection bucket of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the drive rod on the slag collection bucket of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a portion of the opening and closing mechanism of the retrieval device of the present invention, in which the locking ring is hooked when the retrieval device retrieves the slag collection bucket.

[0052] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the retrieval device of the present invention when retrieving the slag collection bucket.

[0053] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 17 For the present invention Figure 14 A sectional view.

[0055] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional view of the rotating shaft in the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional view of the robotic arm assembly of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 20 This is a three-dimensional view of the transmission belt of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the propulsion cylinder of the present invention.

[0059] Icons: 100—Main structure assembly, 110—Gantry module, 111—Vertical slide rail, 112—Level, 120—Base module, 121—Diagonal brace, 122—Slide rail, 123—Sliding chamber door, 124—Neck, 125—Clamping slip, 126—Bug door connecting plate, 127—Pin, 130—Power head mounting module, 140—Counterweight module, 200—Drilling assembly, 210—Power head, 220—Main drive motor, 230—Slewing bearing, 240—Push box, 250—Push Hydraulic cylinder, 251—lock nut, 252—ear, 253—bottom ear plate, 254—protrusion, 260—connecting flange, 261—flange, 262—flange shaft, 263—flange flat, 264—flange lock nut, 300—drill rod assembly, 310—drill rod, 400—slag discharge assembly, 410—slag collection bucket, 411—upper bottom door, 412—lower bottom door, 413—drive sleeve, 414—key plate, 415—snap ring, 416—limit block, 417—upper stop limit tube, 418—lower stop limit tube 420—Rock Cutter, 430—Drive Rod, 431—Concave Key, 432—Drive Flat Cube, 440—Retrievable Tool, 441—Retrievable Disc, 442—Guide Ring, 443—Opening and Closing Mechanism, 4431—Rotating Shaft, 4432—Guide Groove, 4433—Guide Component, 4434—Retrievable Hook, 444—Pulley Mounting Plate, 445—Rope Presser, 446—Positioning Pin, 447—Lifting Ring, 448—Wire Rope, 500—Mechanical Arm Assembly, 510—Mechanical Arm Mounting Base, 520—Cylinder Base, 53 0—Lifting arm, 531—Lifting arm cylinder, 540—Grab arm, 541—Grab arm cylinder, 550—Gripper, 560—Vacuum clamp, 600—Hydraulic power assembly, 610—Distribution valve, 620—Winder, 630—Door cylinder, 700—Unlock device, 710—Insertion hole, 720—First keyway hole, 730—Second keyway hole, 740—Unlock key, 800—Transmission belt, 810—Transmission belt body, 820—Rubber wheel, 830—Outrigger, 840—Threaded pin, 900—Clamping pin. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] like Figures 1-21 The invention provides a modular split-type drilling rig and its construction method, including a main structure assembly 100, a drilling assembly 200, a drill rod assembly 300, a slag removal assembly 400, a robotic arm assembly 500, a hydraulic power assembly 600, a digital display integrated control console, and a conveyor belt 800.

[0063] like Figures 1-6 As shown, in this embodiment, the main structure assembly 100 serves as the load-bearing skeleton of the entire machine, specifically including a gantry module 110, a base module 120, a power head mounting module 130, and a counterweight module 140. The gantry module 110 is a symmetrically arranged vertical frame structure, with vertical slide rails 111 on the inner sides of both gantry sides. The base module 120 is located at the bottom of the gantry module 110. The front end of the base module 120 has a robot arm mounting seat 510 for mounting the robot arm assembly 500, and the rear end of the base module 120 has the counterweight module 140. The counterweight module 140 is composed of multiple stacked cast iron or precast concrete blocks, with each block weighing no more than 1.5 tons. The number can be increased or decreased according to construction needs to adjust the overall center of gravity of the machine. The modules are connected by detachable connectors to form a detachable frame structure; specifically, the detachable connectors are pin connections or bolt connections. The base module 120 is equipped with diagonal braces 121 on both sides. One end of the diagonal brace 121 is hinged to the base, and the other end is buried in the ground and fixed by anchor rods to prevent the drilling rig from shifting or rotating during construction. Level instruments 112 are installed on both sides of the gantry. If the drilling rig tilts, it can be corrected by jacks to ensure that the drilling rig can drill vertically and reduce hole position deviation.

[0064] In this embodiment, the drilling assembly 200 is mounted on the main structure assembly 100 and is used to output rotary torque and axial reciprocating thrust. The drilling assembly 200 includes a power head 210, a main drive motor 220, a reducer (not shown in the figure), a slewing support 230, a feed box 240, a feed cylinder 250, and a connecting flange 260. The power head 210 is mounted in a lateral position between the two feed boxes 240, and the spindle of the power head 210 is vertically arranged. The input end of the power head 210 is connected to the main drive motor 220 and the reducer. The main drive motor 220 converts high speed and low torque into low speed and high torque through the reducer and outputs it to the connecting flange 260. The main drive motor 220 is a hydraulic motor, and its speed is steplessly adjustable by a rotary switch on the digital display integrated control console. The reverse torque is not less than 20 kN·m to meet the threading and unthreading requirements of the drill pipe 310.

[0065] The propulsion box 240 is located on both sides of the power head 210. Wear-resistant plates are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the propulsion box 240. These wear-resistant plates slide in conjunction with the vertical slide rail 111 on the inner side of the gantry, limiting the linear movement trajectory of the power head 210 along the height direction of the gantry. The cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder 250 is vertically fixed to the propulsion box 240 via a lock nut 251 at the upper end and a protrusion 254 at the lower end of the cylinder body. The piston rod of the propulsion cylinder 250 faces vertically downwards and is fixed with an end lug 252. Two bottom lug plates 253 are fixed to the bottom of the gantry module 110; a horizontal pin is installed between the two bottom lug plates 253, and the end lug 252 of the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder 250 is fitted onto the pin. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 21 (As shown)

[0066] When the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder 250 extends or retracts, the cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder 250 drives the propulsion box 240 to move synchronously, causing the power head 210 between the propulsion boxes 240 to move up and down along the vertical slide rail 111, thereby outputting axial reciprocating propulsion force (i.e., pressurized drilling and hoisting). The propulsion cylinder 250 can be a single-stage or multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, with a working pressure range of 20~35MPa. The propulsion force can be adjusted according to the formation hardness through the hydraulic system.

[0067] like Figures 7-9 As shown, the connecting flange 260 includes a flange 261 and a flange shaft 262; the surface of the flange 261 is provided with multiple fan-shaped grooves; the main shaft of the power head 210 is shaped to match the flange 261 and is bolted to the flange 261; a hexagonal columnar groove is opened in the middle of the flange 261; a flange lock nut 264 is fixed to the top of the flange shaft 262, and the periphery near the lower part of the flange lock nut 264 is a hexagonal column, which is used to slide axially with the hexagonal columnar groove of the flange 261, but the radial torsion is restricted; the hexagonal columnar groove of the flange lock nut 264 and the flange shaft 262 cooperate to prevent the flange shaft 262 from sliding out of the flange 261 axially;

[0068] There is a redundant clearance B between the hexagonal prisms of flange 261 and flange shaft 262; the end of the main shaft of power head 210 facing flange lock nut 264 has a redundant hole with a diameter larger than flange lock nut 264, so that flange lock nut 264 can avoid colliding with the main shaft of power head 210 when flange shaft 262 moves axially.

[0069] The slewing support 230 is a turntable bearing structure with a fixed inner ring and a rotating outer ring. Its inner ring is fixedly connected to the connecting flange 260, and its outer ring is fixedly connected to the pulley mounting plate 444, allowing the pulley mounting plate 444 to rotate independently relative to the main shaft of the power head 210. The lower end of the flange shaft 262 is provided with an internal threaded hole (e.g., ...). Figure 9 As shown), it is used for threaded connection with the upper end of the drill pipe assembly 300, and the end of the flange shaft 262 is provided with a flange flat 263 for use with the shackle 700 to transmit torque.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the drill pipe assembly 300 includes multiple segmented drill pipes 310, which are detachably connected sequentially. Each drill pipe 310 is a smooth-walled tubular structure with a smooth and continuous outer wall, without protruding joint steps or spiral grooves. The drill pipes 310 are detachably connected by threads. Specifically, the upper and lower ends of the drill pipe 310 are respectively provided with male threaded connectors or female threaded connectors (i.e., the first connecting part) for threaded connection.

[0071] In this embodiment, the hydraulic power assembly 600 is installed at the rear of the base module 120 or above the counterweight module 140, and includes a diesel engine (not shown in the figure), a hydraulic pump (not shown in the figure), a distribution valve 610, a winch 620, an oil tank (not shown in the figure), and a radiator (not shown in the figure). The diesel engine serves as the prime mover, and its output shaft is connected to the hydraulic pump via a coupling. The hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil is distributed to each actuator (main drive motor 220, propulsion cylinder 250, door cylinder 630, winch 620 motor, and cylinders of each manipulator assembly 500) through the distribution valve 610. The diesel engine can be modularly connected in parallel to further distribute the weight to meet the transportation needs of mountainous areas. The winch 620 is a hydraulically driven winch 620, with a wire rope 448 wound on its drum. The forward and reverse rotation of the winch motor controls the winding and unwinding of the wire rope 448.

[0072] In this embodiment, the digital display integrated control console (not shown in the figure) is connected to various sensors (not shown in the figure), controllers (not shown in the figure), and operation buttons (not shown in the figure) via cables. The control console is equipped with a main drive motor 220 speed knob switch (not shown in the figure) and a propulsion cylinder 250 three-position knob switch (not shown in the figure). The speed knob switch is used to adjust the speed of the main drive motor 220, and the three-position switch for the propulsion cylinder 250 controls the operating speed of the propulsion cylinder 250, namely low speed (slow feed, used for hole drilling and precise alignment), medium speed (normal drilling feed), and high speed (rapid lifting). The control console is equipped with a PLC controller, which collects parameters such as the power head 210 speed, propulsion cylinder 250 stroke, hydraulic system pressure, and winch 620 wire rope 448 tension in real time through sensors, and displays the data on the digital display screen (not shown in the figure) for convenient real-time monitoring of the equipment's operating status by the operator.

[0073] like Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figure 6, the base module 120 is also equipped with two parallel slide rails 122. The sliding chamber door 123 (i.e., the support platform) is slidably installed on the slide rails 122 via pulleys at the bottom. The sliding chamber door 123 is driven by the chamber door cylinder 630 to move back and forth on the slide rails 122, thereby realizing the opening and closing actions. The sliding chamber door 123 is a pair of left and right opening door panels. When closed, the two door panels meet at the drill pipe assembly 300 to form an operating platform. This support platform is used to support the spliced ​​drill pipe assembly 300 in the axial direction to bear part or all of the weight of the drill pipe assembly 300. The left and right sliding chamber doors 123 are respectively fixedly installed with a neck 124. The neck 124 is provided with a detachable slip 125. The inner side of the slip 125 is provided with a mating surface that is adapted to the flat square of the drill pipe 310. The 125 slip is a split structure, consisting of two symmetrical halves, which facilitates quick insertion and removal from the side of the drill pipe 310. The two sliding doors 123 are detachably connected by a door connecting plate 126 and a pin 127. The two ends of the door connecting plate 126 are provided with pin holes. By inserting the pin 127 into the pin holes of the left and right sliding doors 123, the two sliding doors 123 are connected into an integral I-shaped structure. This I-shaped structure is locked between the two side masts to restrict the displacement of the sliding doors 123 in the front-back and left-right directions, thereby providing a stable anti-torque support platform for the operation of adding and removing the drill pipe 310.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown in Figures 10-13, in this embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, the slag discharge assembly 400 is movably sleeved outside the drill rod assembly 300. The slag discharge assembly 400 includes a slag collection bucket 410, a rock-breaking cutter 420, a drive rod 430, and a retrieval device 440. Specifically, the slag collection bucket 410 has a cylindrical structure with an upper bottom door 411 and a lower bottom door 412 forming a double-layer bottom door structure. The upper bottom door 411 is an annular fixed bottom plate, the outer edge of which is welded and fixed to the lower end wall of the slag collection bucket 410. A drive sleeve 413 is welded to the center hole of the upper bottom door 411, and the drive sleeve 413 extends axially along the slag collection bucket 410. The drive sleeve 413 has a cylindrical structure, and a key plate 414 fixing groove is provided on its inner wall. The key plate 414 is fixedly installed in the fixing groove by bolts and pins 127, and the key plate 414 extends axially along the drive sleeve 413. The lower bottom door 412 is a movable rotating base plate, with its central hole movably fitted onto the outer circle of the drive sleeve 413. The lower bottom door 412 rotates independently around the axis of the drive sleeve 413 relative to the drive sleeve 413 and the upper bottom door 411. Both the upper and lower ends of the drive sleeve 413 are fixed with retaining rings 415. The lower retaining ring 415 is used to axially limit the lower bottom door 412, preventing it from falling off axially along the drive sleeve 413. The upper retaining ring 415 is used to cooperate with the retrieval device 440, thereby lifting the slag collection bucket 410.

[0076] The rock-breaking cutter 420 is installed on the bottom surface of the lower door 412. Specifically, it consists of multiple cutting teeth or cutting blades welded to the bottom surface of the lower door 412. The cutting teeth are spaced apart along the circumference of the lower door 412 and are made of wear-resistant alloy material. They are used to break the rock and soil during rotation and scrape the debris into the slag collection bucket 410. The rock-breaking cutter 420 and the slag collection bucket 410 are fixedly connected by welding the lower door 412, the upper door 411, and the drive sleeve 413, forming a single unit that can be hoisted as a whole. A limit block 416 is welded to the bottom surface of the upper door 411. The top of the slag collection bucket 410 and the bottom side of the lower door 412 are respectively welded to the upper stop limit tube 417 and the lower stop limit tube 418. By inserting the locking pin 900, the rotation angle of the lower door 412 is limited in conjunction with the limit block 416, thereby controlling the opening of the slag inlet and facilitating soil discharge.

[0077] The drive rod 430 serves as the first section of the drill rod 310 in the drill rod assembly 300. The drive rod 430 is a smooth-walled tubular structure, equipped with a concave key 431 and a drive flat plate 432. Both the upper and lower ends of the drive rod 430 are respectively equipped with male or female threaded connectors for threaded connection. The concave key 431 protrudes from the outer surface of the drive rod 430. During assembly, the drive rod 430 is inserted upwards from the bottom door 412 into the drive sleeve 413 of the slag collection bucket 410. The concave key 431 on the drive rod 430 corresponds to the key plate 414 inside the drive sleeve 413. When the drive rod 430 rotates clockwise, the concave key 431 and the key plate 414 form a circumferential abutment fit. The rotational torque output by the power head 210 is transmitted to the drive sleeve 413 via the drive rod 430, concave key 431, and key plate 414, thereby driving the entire slag collection bucket 410 and the rock-breaking cutter 420 to rotate synchronously for rock-breaking drilling. When the drive rod 430 rotates counterclockwise, the concave key 431 disengages from the key plate 414, and the drive rod 430 is released from its axial limit on the slag collection bucket 410, allowing the slag collection bucket 410 to slide freely along the axial direction of the drive rod 430.

[0078] like Figures 14-18As shown, the retrieval device 440 is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill pipe assembly 300 and can slide along the axial direction of the drill pipe assembly 300. The retrieval device 440 includes a retrieval disc 441, a guide ring 442, pulleys, an opening and closing mechanism 443, a pulley block, a pulley mounting plate 444, a rope presser 445, a positioning pin 446, a lifting ring 447, an anti-detachment hook, and a wire rope 448. The retrieval disc 441 has a disc-shaped structure with a through hole in its center. The inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the drive rod 430, allowing the retrieval disc 441 to be sleeved on the outer wall of the drill pipe assembly 300 and slide freely along the axial direction of the drill pipe 310. The guide ring 442 is installed on the upper end face of the retrieval plate 441 and is coaxially arranged with the through hole. At least three pulley sets evenly distributed along the circumference are installed on the inner hole of the guide ring 442. The rollers of the pulley sets roll in contact with the outer wall of the drive rod 430 to reduce the frictional resistance when the retrieval device 440 slides axially along the drill rod 310, ensuring smooth lifting and lowering of the retrieval device 440 without damaging the outer wall of the drill rod 310. Rope holes (such as...) are opened on opposite sides of the two sliding chamber doors 123 for the wire rope 443 to pass through. Figure 3 (As shown).

[0079] The upper surface of the retrieval plate 441 is also equipped with four lifting rings 447, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the retrieval plate 441. The wire rope 448 connecting the winch 620 is suspended from two symmetrical lifting rings 447 by anti-derailment hooks. The other two symmetrical lifting rings 447 are used to connect the ram's horn chain. Specifically, lifting rings 447 are also installed below the pulley mounting plate 444. When the retrieval device 440 lifts the slag collection bucket 410 and discharges soil, the two ends of the ram's horn chain are respectively suspended from the lifting rings 447 of the pulley mounting plate 444 and the lifting rings 447 of the retrieval plate 441. This can improve the stability of the slag collection bucket 410 and prevent the wire rope 448 from directly bearing the weight of the slag collection bucket 410 during the soil discharge process. The pulley mounting plate 444 is mounted on the outer ring of the slewing support 230, allowing the pulley mounting plate 444 to rotate independently of the main shaft of the power head 210, without interference between the two. Pulley ear plates are provided on both sides of the circumference of the pulley mounting plate 444, on which pulleys and rope pressers 445 are mounted. The rope presser 445 is fixed to the pulley ear plates by positioning pins 446, and the opening and closing angle of the rope presser 445 is controlled by limit pins to prevent the wire rope 448 from jumping out of the pulley groove during lifting.

[0080] The lower end of the retrieval device 440 is provided with an opening and closing mechanism 443 for selectively engaging or releasing with the slag collection bucket 410. Specifically, the opening and closing mechanism 443 includes three opening and closing devices, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the retrieval device 440. Each opening and closing device includes a rotating shaft 4431 rotatably mounted on the retrieval device 440, with a guide groove 4432 on the rotating shaft 4431, and a guide element 4433 slidably fitted within the guide groove 4432. Specifically, the rotating shaft 4431 is rotatably and axially slidably suspended within the housing of the opening and closing device along the axial direction of the retrieval device 440. The upper end of the rotating shaft 4431 is provided with a guide pin (i.e., guide element 4433), and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 4431 is provided with a closed-loop rotation angle guide groove 4432 (i.e., guide groove 4432). One end of the guide pin is fixed to the housing, and the other end is slidably fitted within the guide groove 4432. The lower end of the rotating shaft 4431 is provided with a retrieval hook 4434. The axial end face of the retrieval hook 4434 is used to form an axial abutment with the stepped surface of the upper end retaining ring 415 of the slag collection bucket 410 (engaged state), or the radial surface of the retrieval hook 4434 is tangent to the outer circle of the retrieval plate 441 to avoid the obstruction of the retaining ring 415 (released state).

[0081] The reciprocating motion of the retrieval device 440 along the axial direction of the drill rod 310 drives the rotating shaft 4431 to rotate stepwise within a predetermined angle range through the sliding engagement of the guide member 4433 and the guide groove 4432, so as to control the opening and closing device to switch between the engaged state and the released state with the slag collection bucket 410.

[0082] The specific working principle is as follows: When the retrieval device 440 slides down along the drill rod assembly 300 to the position of the slag collection bucket 410, the lower end of the rotating shaft 4431 contacts the top end face of the retaining ring 415 of the slag collection bucket 410. Under the action of the weight of the retrieval device 440 itself, the rotating shaft 4431 slides upward relative to the outer shell, and the guide pin slides along the closed-loop guide groove 4432 on the rotating shaft 4431 to the first limit position. Then, the winch 620 drives the retrieval device 440 to lift upward, and the retrieval disc 441 and the outer shell move upward relative to the rotating shaft 4431. Under the action of its own weight, the rotating shaft 4431 slides downward to reset, and the guide pin continues to slide along the guide groove 4432 and drives the rotating shaft 4431 to rotate 90° around its own axis. Repeating the above "lowering-lifting" stroke once, the rotating shaft 4431 rotates a total of 90°, completing one state switch. Thus, after each complete cycle of lowering and raising the retrieval device 440 in the well, the rotating shaft 4431 rotates 90° in a step, and the orientation of the retrieval hook 4434 changes accordingly, thereby enabling the retrieval device 440 to selectively engage (engaged state) or release (released state) the slag collection bucket 410. The entire switching process is completed automatically by a purely mechanical structure, without the need for external electrical signals or manual intervention.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] like Figure 10As shown, this embodiment, based on the above embodiment, also includes a release device 700. The release device 700 transmits the rotational torque of the drilling assembly 200 to the drill pipe 310 through the cooperation of the keyway and the flat bar, so as to realize the threaded connection or separation between adjacent drill pipes 310, and the threaded connection or separation between the drill pipe 310 and the slag discharge assembly 400.

[0085] Specifically, the release device 700 is a cylindrical or frame-shaped steel structure. The release device 700 has a through-hole 710 in its center, extending to both the upper and lower ends. A first keyway 720 and a second keyway 730, connecting to the through-hole 710, are provided around the periphery of the release device 700. The first keyway 720 is adapted to the flat side of the connecting flange 260, and the second keyway 730 is adapted to the flat side of the drill rod 310. In use, the release device 700 is transported to below the power head 210. The second keyway 730 at the lower part of the release device 700 is aligned with the flat side of the upper end of the drill rod 310 to be disassembled. The release key 740 is then inserted to securely connect the release device 700 to the drill rod 310. As the power head 210 descends, the flat section at the lower end of the flange shaft 262 is inserted into the first keyway hole 720 on the upper part of the shackler 700. The shackle key 740 is then inserted to securely connect the shackler 700 to the flange flat section 263. This forms a rigid torque transmission chain of "power head 210 – shackler 700 – drill rod 310". The power head 210 operates in low-speed reverse mode, and the shackler 700 transmits the reverse torque of the power head 210 to the drill rod 310, gradually loosening the threads between the drill rod 310 and its adjacent lower drill rod 310, or gradually loosening the threads between the drill rod 310 and the drive sleeve 413 of the slag discharge assembly 400.

[0086] The application of the uncoupling device 700 in the final hole lifting process is as follows: When it is necessary to disassemble the uppermost first drill rod 310, the slip 125 secures the flat end of the second drill rod 310 to provide counter-torque. The uncoupling device 700 is fitted onto the upper flat end of the first drill rod 310, and the power head 210 transmits torque to the first drill rod 310 through the uncoupling device 700, thereby achieving thread separation between the first and second drill rods 310. After all drill rods 310 have been disassembled, the uncoupling device 700 is fitted onto the upper flat end of the last drill rod 310 (i.e., the drive rod 430), thereby lifting the slag removal assembly 400 out of the borehole.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a flat square on the outer wall of the drill pipe 310. The flat square consists of two symmetrical planes formed by cutting and machining on the outer wall of the drill pipe 310, which are used to cooperate with the engaging surface of the slip 125 to achieve circumferential positioning and anti-rotation of the drill pipe 310.

[0089] Specifically, the inner side of the slip 125 is provided with a planar engaging surface adapted to the flat surface of the drill pipe 310. When it is necessary to constrain the rotation of the drill pipe 310, the power head 210 is raised so that the flat surface of the drill pipe 310 reaches the height of the slip 125. The slip 125 is then placed into the chuck 124, and the sliding chamber door 123 is closed. The engaging surface of the slip 125 and the flat surface of the drill pipe 310 form a planar fit, thereby constraining the rotational freedom of the drill pipe 310 in the circumferential direction and providing counter-torque support for uncoupling or recoupling operations. At the same time, the sliding chamber door 123 in the closed state provides axial support to the flat surface of the drill pipe 310 through the chuck 124 and the slip 125. When the slip 125 is engaged with the flat surface, the gravity of the drill pipe assembly 300 is transmitted through the flat surface to the slip 125, then to the chuck 124 and the sliding chamber door 123, and finally to the base module 120 and the foundation. During the final drilling process, when the flat section of a drill rod 310 is secured by the slip 125, the weight of that drill rod 310 and all the drill rod assemblies 300 and the slag removal assembly 400 below it is borne by the support platform. This means that the power head 210 does not need to bear the entire weight of the drill rod 310 string when the upper threaded connection is disconnected, thus realizing the segmented load-bearing of the drill rod assembly 300 and preventing the entire drill rod 310 string from sliding down.

[0090] Example 5

[0091] like Figures 1-3 As shown in Figure 19, the robotic arm assembly 500 is mounted on the main structure assembly 100, specifically on the robotic arm mounting base 510 at the front end of the base module 120. The robotic arm assembly 500 has multiple degrees of freedom and is used to grasp, hold, lift, and move the drill rod 310 to assist in the addition and removal of the drill rod 310.

[0092] The robotic arm assembly 500 includes a cylinder base 520, a lifting arm 530, a gripper arm 540, a chuck 550, and a slip clamp 560. The cylinder base 520 is fixed to the robotic arm mounting base 510 by bolts. The lower end of the lifting arm 530 is hinged to the cylinder base 520 via a first rotating shaft 4431. The lifting arm 530 is driven by a lifting arm cylinder 531 to swing around the first rotating shaft 4431, realizing the lifting and lowering of the drill rod 310 in the vertical plane (X and Z coordinate axes). One end of the gripper arm 540 is hinged to the upper end of the lifting arm 530 via a second rotating shaft 4431. The gripper arm 540 is driven by a gripper arm cylinder 541 to swing around the second rotating shaft 4431, realizing the flipping of the drill rod 310 in the horizontal plane (Y and Z coordinate axes). The gripper 550 is mounted on the free end of the gripper arm 540. The gripper 550 has a U-shaped clamping structure, with a movable horizontal arm hinged to the U-shaped opening. The gripper 550 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to open and close the U-shaped opening, thereby gripping or releasing the drill pipe 310. A slip clamp 560 is mounted on the inner wall of the U-shape of the gripper 550 to ensure a tight fit with the outer wall of the drill pipe 310, enhancing clamping stability. The robotic arm assembly 500 is structurally a combined motion mechanism. The independent or coordinated actions of each hydraulic cylinder can achieve the gripping, clamping, lifting, flipping, and displacement of the drill pipe 310 in three-dimensional space (i.e., it has multiple degrees of freedom), assisting in the handling and alignment operations during the addition and removal of the drill pipe 310.

[0093] Example 6

[0094] like Figure 20 As shown, in this embodiment, based on the above embodiments, the conveyor belt 800 includes a conveyor belt body 810, rubber wheels 820, support legs 830, threaded pins 840, and a transmission motor. The conveyor belt body 810 is an annular conveyor belt structure, made of rubber or PVC material, with anti-slip patterns on its inner surface and a smooth outer surface. The two ends of the conveyor belt body 810 are respectively fitted onto a driving roller and a driven roller. The driving roller is connected to the output shaft of the motor, which is a hydraulic motor or an electric motor, used to drive the driving roller to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor belt body 810 in cyclical motion. The rubber wheels 820 are installed on both sides of the bottom of the conveyor belt body 810 for sliding on the ground, facilitating the overall movement and positioning of the conveyor belt 800. The support legs 830 are hinged to the bottom of the conveyor belt body 810, and the support legs 830 can be flipped downwards or folded upwards relative to the conveyor belt body 810. The sliding door 123 is provided with a pin hole for inserting a threaded shaft pin 840. The pin hole is used to drive the conveyor belt 800 to move and also to lock the support leg 830 in the unfolded or folded position.

[0095] The conveyor belt 800 operates as follows: During normal drilling and slag removal, the conveyor belt 800 is supported on the counterweight module 140 and is in a standby position. Specifically, the outriggers 830 are flipped downwards and unfolded, with their bottom ends supporting the upper surface of the counterweight block or the ground. The threaded pins 840 are screwed into the pin holes of the sliding chamber door 123, locking the outriggers 830 in the unfolded position. The conveyor belt 800 is supported on the counterweight block by the force of the outriggers 830, without occupying the working space of the sliding chamber door 123.

[0096] When slag removal is required, first open the sliding chamber door 123, then raise the slag collection bucket 410 to the slag discharge position at the orifice. The operator screws the threaded pin 840 into the pin hole of the sliding chamber door 123, folds the support legs 830 upwards, and then closes the sliding chamber door 123. The movement of the sliding chamber door 123 drives the conveyor belt 800 to run below the slag outlet of the rock-breaking and slag-collecting assembly. At this position, the receiving end of the conveyor belt 800 is directly below the slag outlet of the slag collection bucket 410, used to receive the slag discharged from the slag collection bucket 410. Start the motor to rotate forward, and the conveyor belt body 810 circulates, transporting the slag falling on the conveyor belt 800 from the receiving end to the unloading end. A woven bag or slag box is placed at the unloading end, and the slag falls into the woven bag through the unloading end, is packaged, and transported away. After the slag discharge is completed, turn off the motor and open the sliding chamber door 123. The conveyor belt 800 is transported back to the standby position as the sliding chamber door 123 is opened. Flip the support leg 830 downward and unfold it. The threaded pin 840 is unscrewed from the pin hole of the sliding chamber door 123. The support leg 830 supports the conveyor belt 800 on the counterweight block.

[0097] The conveyor belt 800 allows for timely discharge and packaging of excavated soil from the orifice, preventing its accumulation and improving discharge efficiency while reducing the labor intensity of manual cleaning. During non-discharge periods, the conveyor belt 800 is folded up and supported on a counterweight, without occupying construction space or affecting the opening and closing of the sliding door 123 or other procedures.

[0098] Example 7

[0099] The present invention provides a construction method for a modular split-type drilling rig, comprising the following steps:

[0100] S1. Assembly and Positioning of the Machine. Assemble the structural modules of the main structure assembly 100 into an overall frame using detachable connectors and erect it above the designated drilling position. Install the robotic arm assembly 500 onto the robotic arm mounting base 510 on the base using bolts. Connect the hydraulic actuators and sensors of the main structure assembly 100, drilling assembly 200, robotic arm assembly 500, hydraulic power assembly 600, digital display integrated control console, and slag removal assembly 400 in series to form a complete hydraulic system using hydraulic hoses and cables. Add hydraulic oil and diesel fuel as required by the equipment. Hinge one end of the two diagonal braces 121 to the base, bury the other end in the ground and fix it with anchor bolts. At the same time, place a counterweight at the rear end of the base to keep the machine stable during drilling. Adjust the level 112 installed on the two gantries of the base to a horizontal position. If there is any tilt, correct it with jacks to ensure that the drilling rig drills vertically to reduce hole position deviation.

[0101] S2. Opening and Initial Drilling. Connect the first section of drill rod 310 (i.e., drive rod 430) in drill rod assembly 300 to the slag collection bucket 410 in slag discharge assembly 400. Specifically, assemble the lower end of drive rod 430 with drive sleeve 413 of slag collection bucket 410 via key 431 and key plate 414. Thread drive rod 430 is threaded to the lower end of first section of drill rod 310. The retrieval device 440 is movably sleeved outside drill rod assembly 300 at the position where slag collection bucket 410 is placed. Hoist the assembled first section of drill rod 310 and slag discharge assembly 400 onto sliding door 123. Close sliding door 123 and transport slag discharge assembly 400 to directly below the shaft center of connecting flange 260 of power head 210. Power head 210 rotates downwards at low speed, and screws in the internal thread at the lower end of connecting flange 260 shaft with the external thread at the upper end of first smooth wall drill rod 310. Open the sliding chamber door 123, and the drilling assembly 200 drives the first drill rod 310 and the slag collection bucket 410 to rotate and propel them to break the rock and soil. Specifically, the power head 210 operates in a low-speed forward rotation mode, while the propulsion cylinder 250 moves slowly downward in a low gear, driving the drill rod assembly 300 and the slag collection bucket 410 to move downward. The rock-breaking cutter 420 breaks the rock and soil under the action of rotation and pressure, and the rock and soil debris is directly collected in the slag collection bucket 410.

[0102] S3. Slag Discharge at the Hole. When the slag in the slag collection bucket 410 reaches the predetermined capacity (which can be determined by changes in the torque of the power head 210 or the propulsion pressure), the slag collection bucket 410 and the first drill rod 310 are released axially. Specifically, the feed is stopped, the power head 210 is switched to reverse mode and lifted to make room for the slag collection bucket 410 for subsequent slag discharge. The friction between the rock-breaking cutter 420 and the bottom of the hole drives the bottom door 412 to close the slag inlet, and at the same time, the concave key 431 disengages from the key plate 414, releasing the slag collection bucket 410 and the first drill rod 310 from their axial limits. The propulsion cylinder 250 switches to high speed and quickly lifts the power head 210 to its highest point, and the slag collection bucket 410 is simultaneously lifted to the hole opening. The retrieval device 440 slides along the outer wall of the drill rod assembly 300 to the slag collection bucket 410. Specifically, the pulley and wire rope 448 are installed on the pulley mounting plate 444, and the winch 620 releases the rope, causing the retrieval device 440 to slide downwards along the outer wall of the drill rod assembly 300 under its own weight to the position of the slag collection bucket 410. During the descent of the retrieval device 440, the rotating shaft 4431 of the opening and closing device completes a step-by-step rotation, so that the flat side is in a locked state that overlaps axially with the step of the retaining ring 415. The winch 620 retracts the rope, and the retrieval hook 4434 hooks the step of the retaining ring 415, causing the slag collection bucket 410 to rise together. After the slag collection bucket 410 is raised to the slag discharge position at the orifice, the sliding chamber door 123 is closed to form an operating platform. The upper stop limit pipe 417 is fitted with a locking pin 900 to restrict the rotation of the slag collection bucket 410, and the lower stop limit pipe 418 is fitted with a locking pin 900 to restrict the rotation of the lower bottom door 412. The conveyor belt 800 is placed below the slag collection bucket 410, and the locking pin 900 of the lower stop limit pipe 418 is pushed to reverse and open the slag inlet. The slag is transported out and packaged via the conveyor belt 800. After the slag is discharged, remove the locking pin 900. The winch 620 releases the rope to lower the retrieval device 440 and the slag collection bucket 410 back to the bottom of the hole. The opening and closing mechanism 443 of the retrieval device 440 automatically switches to the release state. The winch 620 retracts the rope to lift the retrieval device 440 separately to the hole opening and suspends it on the lifting ring 447 of the pulley mounting plate 444 via the ram's horn hook chain. Remove the pulley and wire rope 448, and leave the slag collection bucket 410 at the bottom of the hole to continue drilling.

[0103] S4. Add drill rod 310. When the drilling depth reaches the stroke limit of a single drill rod 310, the slips 125 and the support platform on the main structure assembly 100 constrain and support the current drill rod 310 in the circumferential and axial directions, respectively. Specifically: the winch 620 releases the rope, causing the retrieval device 440 to slide downwards along the outer wall of the drill rod assembly 300 to the position of the slag collection bucket 410 under its own weight, and the wire rope 448 passes through the sliding door 123 through the hole ( Figure 3The hydraulic cylinder 250 raises the flat section of the current drill pipe 310 to a height parallel to the neck 124 of the sliding chamber door 123. The slip 125 is placed inside the neck 124, and the sliding chamber door 123 is closed. The slip 125 engages with the flat section, and the pin 127 of the chamber door connecting plate 126 connects the left and right sliding chamber doors 123 into a single unit. The support platform axially supports the drill pipe assembly 300, while the slip 125 circumferentially constrains the rotation of the drill pipe 310. The drilling assembly 200 is then separated from the current drill pipe 310. Specifically, the power head 210 operates in low-speed reverse mode, disconnecting the threads of the connecting flange 260 shaft from the upper end of the current drill pipe 310. The power head 210 is then rapidly raised to its highest point. To increase the drilling depth, the next section of drill rod 310 is connected. Specifically, the robot arm assembly 500 moves to grab the next section of drill rod 310 from the drill rod 310 limit frame, and moves the drill rod 310 directly below the axis of the connecting flange 260 of the power head 210 through the coordinated movement of the lifting arm 530, the gripping arm 540 and the chuck 550. The power head 210 descends and screws the connecting flange 260 shaft into the upper thread of the next drill rod 310. The robotic arm assembly 500 releases the drill rod 310 and returns to its original position. The power head 210 continues to descend and screws the lower end of the next drill rod 310 into the upper thread of the current drill rod 310 in the hole and applies a predetermined upper torque. The door connecting plate 126 pin 127 is pulled out, the sliding door 123 is opened, the winch 620 winds up the rope and lifts the retrieval device 440 to the hole opening. It is then suspended by the ram's horn hook chain onto the lifting ring 447 of the pulley mounting plate 444. The pulley and wire rope 448 are removed, and the propulsion cylinder 250 continues to lower the drill rod assembly 300 to the bottom of the hole to resume drilling.

[0104] S5. Repeat the above steps of drilling, slag removal and adding drill rod 310 until the designed hole depth is reached.

[0105] S6. Final Drilling and Removal of Drill Rods. After final drilling, the drill rod assemblies 300 are supported and constrained one by one using slips 125 and a support platform. The rotational torque of the drilling assembly 200 is transmitted to the drill rods 310 to be disassembled using the unscrewer 700. Each section of the drill rod 310 is then separated and removed. Finally, the slag collection bucket 410 is lifted out of the borehole to complete the entire drilling operation. Specifically:

[0106] First, empty the slag from the last section of drill rod 310 in the hole and ensure that the slag inlet of the slag collection bucket 410 is closed. Open the sliding chamber door 123 and return the conveyor belt 800 to its original position to create operating space. Place the slip 125 into the neck 124, and use the hydraulic cylinder 250 to raise the flat section of the drill rod 310 to be disassembled to a height parallel to the slip 125. Close the sliding chamber door 123, and the slip 125 will engage with the flat section. Insert the pin 127 into the chamber door connecting plate 126 to connect the left and right sliding chamber doors 123 into a whole. The supporting platform will bear the weight of the drill rod 310 and all the drill rod assemblies 300 and the slag discharge assembly 400 below it.

[0107] Disassembly of the first drill rod 310: The power head 210 operates in low-speed reverse mode, disconnecting the threads of the flange shaft 262 from the upper end of the first drill rod 310. After the threads are loosened, slowly lift the power head 210 until the two threads are completely disengaged, then quickly lift it to the top. Transport the release device 700 below the power head 210, aligning the second keyway hole 730 of the release device 700 with the flat end of the first drill rod 310, and use the release key 740 to securely connect the release device 700 to the first drill rod 310. The power head 210 quickly descends, inserting the flat end of the flange shaft 262 into the keyway hole at the upper part of the release device 700, and securing it with the release key 740. The power head 210 operates in low-speed reverse mode and is slowly lifted. The release device 700 transmits the reverse torque of the power head 210 to the first drill rod 310, gradually loosening the threads between the lower end of the first drill rod 310 and the upper end of the second drill rod 310. The power head 210 is slowly lifted until the two threads are completely disengaged. The power head 210 moves upward to the position where the robot arm grasps the drill rod. The robot arm assembly 500 clamps the first drill rod 310 and removes the release key 740 from the second keyway hole 730. The power head 210 moves upward to its highest point, causing the release device 700 to pull out the first drill rod 310. The robot arm assembly 500 removes the first drill rod 310 from the working axis and transports it to the drill rod 310 storage rack.

[0108] The subsequent disassembly of drill rods 310 proceeds as follows: The power head 210 descends, and the release device 700 is fixedly connected to the upper flat section of the second drill rod 310 using the release key 740. The chamber door connecting plate 126 and pin 127 are removed, and the sliding chamber door 123 is opened, releasing the slip 125 from securing the flat section of the second drill rod 310. The power head 210 ascends, using the release device 700 to lift the entire series of drill rods 310 and the slag discharge assembly 400 until the flat section of the third drill rod 310 reaches the position of the slip 125. The sliding chamber door 123 is closed, the slip 125 engages with the flat section of the third drill rod 310, and is fixed by the pin 127 inserted into the chamber door connecting plate 126. The support platform then bears the entire weight of the third and lower drill rods 310.

[0109] Separation of drill rod 310 from slag discharge assembly 400: After the unlatcher 700 connects to the last drill rod 310 (i.e., drive rod 430), the sliding chamber door 123 is opened, the power head 210 moves upward, and the unlatcher 700 drives the drive rod 430 and slag discharge assembly 400 to rise as a whole. The sliding chamber door 123 is closed, the power head 210 moves downward, and the sliding chamber door 123 supports the drive rod 430 and slag discharge assembly 400. The connection between the unlatcher 700 and the drive rod 430 is released, the power head 210 moves upward, ensuring that the upper end of the drive rod 430 leaves the insertion hole 710, and pushes the slag collection bucket 410 to be supported on one of the sliding chamber doors 123. The sliding chamber door 123 then moves the slag collection bucket 410 away from the power head 210 in a horizontal direction.

[0110] S7. Equipment Disassembly and Relocation. Following the reverse order of assembly, use a small crane and manual labor to lift the slag collection bucket 410 and drive rod 430 away. Then, disassemble the main structure assembly 100 into individual structural modules (each module weighing no more than 1.5 tons) and move them to the next construction pile location.

[0111] Although the invention has been described herein with reference to several illustrative embodiments, it should be understood that many other modifications and implementations can be devised by those skilled in the art, which will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed herein. More specifically, various variations and modifications can be made to the components and / or layout of the subject matter arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, drawings, and claims. Besides variations and modifications to the components and / or layout, other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A modular, split-type drilling rig, characterized in that: include: The host structure assembly includes multiple structural modules, which are assembled into an overall frame through detachable connectors. Each structural module is an independently detachable unit. The drilling assembly, mounted on the main structure assembly, is used to output rotary torque and axial reciprocating thrust; A drill pipe assembly is detachably mounted on the drilling assembly. The drill pipe assembly includes multiple segmented drill pipes, each of which is detachably connected in sequence. The slag discharge assembly is movably sleeved outside the drill pipe assembly. The slag discharge assembly includes a slag collection bucket, a rock-breaking cutter, and a retrieval device. The slag collection bucket is located at the bottom of the drill pipe assembly, and the rock-breaking cutter is fixed to the bottom of the slag collection bucket. The retrieval device is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill pipe assembly and can slide along the axial direction of the drill pipe assembly. The lower end of the retrieval device is provided with an opening and closing mechanism for selectively engaging or releasing with the slag collection bucket. The drill rod assembly transmits rotational torque and axial force to the rock-breaking cutter under the drive of the drilling assembly. The slag collection bucket is used to collect slag simultaneously when the rock-breaking cutter breaks the rock and soil, and the collected slag is lifted to the borehole opening and discharged by the retrieval device.

2. The modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main structure assembly includes at least a gantry module, a base module, a power head mounting module, and a counterweight module. The modules are connected by pins or bolts to form a detachable frame structure.

3. A modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod is a smooth-walled tubular structure, and the retrieval device is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill rod and can slide freely along the length of the drill rod.

4. A modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the drill pipe is provided with a flat square, and the main structure assembly is provided with a slip and a support platform. The slip has a mating surface adapted to the flat square and is used to constrain the rotational freedom of the drill pipe in the circumferential direction. The support platform is used to support the drill pipe assembly in the axial direction to bear part or all of the weight of the drill pipe assembly.

5. A modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a release device, which is detachably installed between the output end of the drilling assembly and the drill pipe. The release device is provided with a keyway that is adapted to the flat side of the drill pipe. The release device transmits the rotational torque of the drilling assembly to the drill pipe through the cooperation of the keyway and the flat side, so as to realize the threaded connection or separation between adjacent drill pipes or between the drill pipe and the slag removal assembly.

6. A modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing mechanism includes at least two opening and closing devices, each of which is spaced apart circumferentially along the retrieval device. Each opening and closing device includes a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the retrieval device. The rotating shaft is provided with a guide groove, and a guide member is slidably fitted in the guide groove. The reciprocating motion of the retrieval device along the drill rod axis drives the rotating shaft to rotate stepwise within a predetermined angle range through the sliding fit between the guide member and the guide groove, thereby controlling the opening and closing device to switch between an engaged state and a released state with the slag collection bucket.

7. A modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a robotic arm assembly, which is mounted on the main structure assembly. The robotic arm assembly has multiple degrees of freedom and is used to grasp, clamp, lift and move the drill rod to assist in the addition and disassembly of the drill rod.

8. A modular split-type drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod is provided with a first connecting part at its end. The first connecting part is used to realize the detachable connection between adjacent drill rods, or the detachable connection between the drill rod and the drilling assembly.

9. A construction method for a modular split-type drilling rig according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the various structural modules of the main unit structure assembly into an overall frame using detachable connectors and set them at the construction hole positions; S2. Connect the first section of the drill rod in the drill rod assembly to the slag collection bucket in the slag discharge assembly, and drive the drill rod assembly and the slag collection bucket to rotate and advance to break the rock and soil. The rock and soil debris is directly collected in the slag collection bucket. S3. When the slag in the slag collection bucket reaches the predetermined capacity, the slag collection bucket and the drill rod assembly are released axially. The retrieval device slides along the outer wall of the drill rod assembly to the slag collection bucket. The opening and closing mechanism of the retrieval device automatically hooks the slag collection bucket and lifts it to the hole to discharge the slag. S4. When the drilling depth reaches the stroke limit of a single drill pipe section, the current drill pipe is constrained and supported in the circumferential and axial directions by the slips and support platform on the main structure assembly, the drilling assembly is separated from the current drill pipe section, and the next drill pipe section is connected to increase the drilling depth. S5. Repeat the above drilling, slag removal and drill rod extension steps until the designed hole depth is reached; S6. After the hole is completed, the drill rod assembly is supported and constrained one by one by the slips and the support platform. The rotational torque of the drilling assembly is transmitted to the drill rod to be disassembled by the uncoupling device. Each section of the drill rod is separated and removed one by one. Finally, the slag collection bucket is lifted out of the hole to complete the hole-making operation.

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