Mine deep hole blasting down-the-hole hammer self-adapting propelling device with anti-stuck function

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of mine deep hole blasting drilling equipment, and provides a mine deep hole blasting down-the-hole hammer self-adaptive pushing device with a drill jamming prevention function. The present application comprises a ball tooth drill bit, a drill bit retaining ring, a front cylinder body, an impact piston, a middle cylinder outer sleeve, a gas distribution mechanism, a thrust ring, a return spring and a rear joint, which are sequentially assembled from front to back. An internal deflection drill jamming prevention assembly is arranged between the drill bit retaining ring and the impact piston inside the front cylinder body. In actual application, without changing the standard main structure, a controllable lateral disturbance mechanism is internally arranged near the hole bottom drill bit. When drilling normally, the high efficient axial impact is maintained, and when jamming occurs, the lateral disturbance mode is automatically switched, thereby solving the deep hole drill jamming problem from the root.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep-hole blasting drilling equipment in mines, specifically to an adaptive propulsion device for a deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer with anti-jamming function. Background Technology

[0002] In deep-hole blasting operations in mines, the down-the-hole hammer is the core drilling equipment. Its working principle is that the drilling rig provides rotary motion and propulsion force, and high-pressure air is input through the drill rod to drive the internal impact piston to reciprocate at high frequency, applying axial impact to the drill bit to break the rock. The exhaust gas is ejected from the central hole of the drill bit to discharge slag. The existing standard down-the-hole hammer is mainly composed of a rear connector, a middle cylinder sleeve, an air distribution mechanism, an impact piston, a thrust ring, a return spring, a front cylinder body, a drill bit retaining ring, and a ball-tooth drill bit, assembled sequentially from back to front. During drilling, high-pressure air enters through the rear connector, and the air distribution mechanism alternately distributes air to the front and rear chambers of the piston, driving the piston to reciprocate. Its front end directly impacts the tail of the drill bit, transmitting impact energy. At the same time, the drilling rig drives the entire machine to rotate, realizing the standard rock-breaking motion of "axial impact and circumferential rotation". In practical applications, when traversing fractured zones, karst cave development areas, or alternating soft and hard strata, this type of standard structure, possessing only a pure axial impact function, has its impact piston trajectory strictly limited to the axis. The system lacks any mechanism to convert axial motion into lateral motion, making it impossible to apply lateral disturbance to the drill bit. Once the borehole wall crumbles or cuttings accumulate, localized squeezing-type stuck drill bit formation is highly likely. Furthermore, after stuck drill bit formation, the only recourse is forcibly pulling or reversing the drill rig for hard grinding, which can easily cause drill pipe bending, internal component damage, or even drill bit burial accidents. Moreover, existing external release devices such as shock-absorbing joints and hydraulic shock absorbers are all passive, rear-mounted structures, located far from the stuck area at the bottom of the borehole, making it impossible to actively intervene from the bottom of the borehole in the early stages of stuck drill bit formation. Additionally, external structures increase the outer diameter of the drill bit, making it prone to scraping and rubbing against accumulated cuttings, resulting in poor reliability. Fourthly, the impact piston and drill bit have a fixed direct impact relationship, lacking a controllable internal working condition switching mechanism, and cannot switch between pure axial impact and lateral disturbance modes according to the working conditions inside the borehole.

[0003] Therefore, we propose a built-in down-the-hole hammer device that can actively and adaptively handle stuck drill conditions. Without changing the standard main structure, a controllable lateral disturbance mechanism is built into the drill bit at the bottom of the hole. During normal drilling, it maintains efficient axial impact, and automatically switches to lateral disturbance mode when stuck, thus solving the problem of stuck drill in deep holes from the root. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammers in mines with anti-drill-jamming function, thereby solving the problem of deep-hole drill jamming at its root.

[0005] The present invention provides an adaptive propulsion device for a deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function, comprising: a ball-tooth drill bit, a drill bit retaining ring, a front cylinder body, an impact piston, a middle cylinder outer sleeve, a valve train, a thrust ring, a return spring, and a rear connector, wherein the ball-tooth drill bit, drill bit retaining ring, front cylinder body, impact piston, middle cylinder outer sleeve, valve train, thrust ring, return spring, and rear connector are assembled sequentially from front to back; Inside the front cylinder, between the drill bit retaining ring and the impact piston, is a built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly. This assembly includes: a hollow drive shaft extending axially, with its front end for transmitting force to the ball-tooth drill bit and its rear end having an impact end face, and a through vent hole at the center of the hollow drive shaft; a conical impact block slidably fitted on the hollow drive shaft and capable of sliding axially thereon, the conical impact block having a conical working surface; a clutch adsorption assembly for selectively engaging or disengaging the conical impact block from the impact piston; and a conical groove receiving block rotatably fitted on the hollow drive shaft and axially constrained, located in front of the conical impact block, the conical groove receiving block being a two-part structure composed of two half-blocks joined together, with a conical groove formed in the middle of its rear end face that mates with the conical working surface; The down-the-hole hammer has a conventional drilling mode and a stuck drill escape mode. In the conventional drilling mode, the front end of the impact piston directly impacts the impact end face of the hollow drive shaft to transmit a pure axial impact. In the stuck drill escape mode, the front end of the impact piston engages with the conical impact block, pushing the conical impact block forward, causing the conical working surface to squeeze the conical groove inclined surface of the conical groove receiving block, generating a lateral force that is transmitted to the ball tooth drill bit through the hollow drive shaft.

[0006] Furthermore, the conical working surface of the conical impact block is a symmetrical conical working surface, and the conical groove of the conical groove receiving block has a bidirectional inclined surface that matches the conical working surface. In practical applications, this design provides symmetrical and balanced force: the lateral components generated by a single impact are symmetrical, equal in magnitude, and opposite in direction, forming a balanced bidirectional disturbance effect. This avoids the eccentric load problem that may occur with a single-sided inclined surface scheme, and prevents drill bit wear or guide hole misalignment due to long-term unilateral force. The bidirectional lateral force causes the drill bit to produce a slight "rubbing" or "swinging" deflection movement, which can effectively disturb falling blocks and rock cuttings accumulation in any direction around the drill bit, resulting in a more comprehensive unblocking coverage. Symmetrical force eliminates unbalanced radial loads, resulting in more uniform wear of transmission components and improving the overall service life of the mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer edge of the conical groove receiving block is integrally formed with airflow turbine blades. During operation, the exhaust flow flowing forward inside the down-the-hole hammer drives the airflow turbine blades, thereby causing the conical groove receiving block to rotate. In practical applications, the device is driven entirely by its native exhaust flow, eliminating the need for motors, gear transmissions, or external wiring, achieving adaptive rotation with zero additional energy consumption. The continuous rotation of the receiving block causes the circumferential position of the conical groove to change continuously, and the direction of the lateral disturbance force changes continuously by 360°, ensuring that effective disturbance can be applied periodically regardless of whether the jamming point is located on the left, right, or any other direction of the drill bit, achieving omnidirectional automatic locating and unjamming without blind spots. The airflow turbine blades are integrally formed with the receiving block, with no independent moving parts or electrical components, making them impact-resistant, vibration-resistant, and resistant to high-temperature dust. Their reliability far exceeds that of motor-driven solutions, making them fully adaptable to harsh working conditions at the bottom of the hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the clutch adsorption assembly is fixed to the front end of the impact piston, used to attract the conical impact block to the front end of the impact piston when energized to achieve engagement, and to release the conical impact block to achieve disengagement when de-energized. In practical applications, the clutch adsorption assembly adopts electromagnetic principles, with a response speed of milliseconds. It can quickly switch to the escape mode the instant the drilling rig sensor detects abnormal torque, seizing the best time to untangle, and its response speed has an order-of-magnitude advantage compared to hydraulic or pneumatic clutch solutions. Its annular electromagnet is embedded in the groove at the front end of the impact piston, without occupying additional radial and axial space, and is perfectly adapted to the narrow structure inside the front cylinder. This solution only requires power-on / off control to achieve mode switching, without the need for complex hydraulic pipelines or mechanical linkage mechanisms. The control system is simple, has few points of failure, and has high operational reliability.

[0009] Furthermore, the clutch adsorption assembly includes an electromagnet fixed to the front end of the impact piston, and a ferromagnetic adsorption surface is correspondingly provided at the rear end of the conical impact block. In practical applications, the adsorption force can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the current to adapt to the different working conditions and the required bonding strength. There is no mechanical collision or wear during magnetic adsorption, and compared with mechanical pawls, friction plates, and other clutch methods, the service life of the parts is significantly extended. This solution has inherent fail-safe characteristics; once the system experiences an unexpected power outage, the magnetic force immediately disappears, and the impact block automatically releases and returns to the disengaged position under the action of the reset element. The device returns to the conventional drilling mode, and will not be stuck in the escape mode due to a malfunction, thus affecting subsequent operations, ensuring high safety.

[0010] Furthermore, a reset elastic element is included. This reset elastic element is disposed between the hollow drive shaft and the conical impact block, and is used to apply a backward elastic force to the conical impact block, causing it to reset to the position where the conical working surface is disengaged from the conical groove in the non-engaged state. In practical applications, by adding a reset elastic element, a backward elastic force is continuously applied to the conical impact block, causing it to actively reset to the inclined surface disengagement position after the clutch adsorption assembly is de-energized. Compared with solutions that rely solely on gravity or friction for reset, the spring force ensures that a certain axial gap is maintained between the conical surface and the conical groove in the separated state, preventing accidental contact or false triggering of lateral forces due to severe vibration or debris jamming, thus significantly improving reset reliability. At the moment the electromagnet is de-energized, the spring force assists the impact block in quickly rebounding, effectively shortening the switching time from the escape mode to the conventional drilling mode, making mode transitions smoother and faster. At the same time, the conical surface and the conical groove are completely disengaged in the non-working state, avoiding fretting wear or cold welding caused by long-term contact, effectively extending the working life.

[0011] Furthermore, the impact end of the hollow drive shaft passes rearward through the central hole of the conical impact block, allowing the impact piston to directly impact the rock during conventional drilling. In practical applications, this creates two physically independent force transmission paths: "piston → drive shaft → drill bit" and "piston → impact block → conical groove receiving block → drive shaft → drill bit". During normal drilling, the impact block is not subjected to force, and the impact energy is transmitted along the shortest path, ensuring no loss of rock-breaking efficiency. Simultaneously, the drive shaft, impact block, and piston are coaxially nested, resulting in a highly compact axial space and structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the conical impact block is an annular component, with its front end face machined to form the symmetrical conical working surface. In practical applications, the annular inner hole mates with the outer circle of the hollow drive shaft, resulting in a long sliding stroke and high guiding accuracy. This ensures accurate alignment of the conical working surface and the inclined surface of the conical groove during each impact, maintaining a stable lateral force direction. The annular structure is circumferentially symmetrical, resulting in uniform stress distribution under impact loads, reducing the likelihood of stress concentration and fatigue cracks, and extending service life compared to irregularly shaped block structures.

[0013] Furthermore, the front end of the hollow drive shaft abuts against the tail end of the ball-tooth drill bit. In practical applications, this design allows for the direct transmission of axial impact and lateral force without intermediate links, minimizing energy loss; it eliminates the need for force transmission pads, simplifies the structure, reduces the number of parts, and increases reliability.

[0014] Furthermore, the hollow drive shaft axially limits the tapered groove receiving block via a retaining ring, allowing it to rotate only circumferentially. In practical applications, using a retaining ring to axially limit the tapered groove receiving block is simple during installation; the retaining ring is simply inserted into the shaft groove, simplifying the process and facilitating on-site maintenance and replacement. The retaining ring and shaft groove are in rigid contact, preventing loosening under severe impact and vibration conditions, ensuring the axial position of the receiving block remains stable and lateral force generation is reliable. Compared to threaded locking, the retaining ring solution eliminates the need for machining stress-concentrated thread relief grooves, thus preserving the strength of the hollow drive shaft.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function provided by the present invention are as follows: In practical applications, by adding a built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly inside the existing cavity between the drill bit retaining ring and the impact piston within the front cylinder of a standard down-the-hole hammer, switching between axial impact and lateral disturbance modes is achieved. The overall structure boasts strong compatibility: the anti-jamming assembly is completely integrated into the existing space of the front cylinder of the standard down-the-hole hammer, requiring no changes to the external dimensions or interfaces of any base components such as the rear connector, cylinder sleeve, or valve train. It can directly replace existing equipment, resulting in low modification costs and high versatility.

[0016] The system achieves dual-mode controllable switching: through the engagement and disengagement of the clutch adsorption component, the device can flexibly switch between two modes: "pure axial impact drilling" and "lateral disturbance unblocking." During normal drilling, the impact piston directly strikes the hollow drive shaft, transmitting pure axial impact and maintaining the efficient rock-breaking capability of a standard down-the-hole hammer. When stuck, it switches to lateral disturbance mode to actively break the stuck point's lock-up state. Compared to existing equipment that can only perform rigid impacts at all times and cannot switch according to working conditions, this solution achieves intelligent working condition adaptation. Moreover, it features built-in active anti-sticking: the lateral disturbance mechanism is located close to the drill bit in the stuck area at the bottom of the hole, which can actively intervene and disturb from the source when the sticking trend is formed, rather than being far away from the stuck point and remedying it afterward, as is the case with existing rear-mounted unblocking devices. This greatly improves the timeliness and success rate of anti-sticking and unblocking.

[0017] It also utilizes existing kinetic energy: the lateral disturbance force originates from the axial impact energy of the impact piston itself, which is converted through the cooperation of the conical surface and the conical groove, requiring no additional power source and making efficient use of energy. The conical groove receiving block adopts a two-part assembly structure, which facilitates the manufacturing and replacement of the conical groove wear parts, further improving the maintainability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-drill jamming function provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the conical groove receiving block in this invention; Figure 4 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram at point A and the installation schematic diagram of the built-in deflection anti-jamming drill assembly are shown below; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional down-the-hole hammer, i.e., without a built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly.

[0020] Figure label: 1. Ball tooth drill bit; 2. Drill bit retaining ring; 3. Front cylinder body; 4. Built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly; 5. Impact piston; 6. Middle cylinder outer sleeve; 7. Valve distribution mechanism; 8. Thrust ring; 9. Return spring; 10. Rear connector; 10. High-pressure air intake channel; 101. Hollow drive shaft; 41. Conical impact block; 42. Conical groove receiving block; 43. Clutch adsorption assembly; 44. Reset elastic element; 45. Vent hole; 411. Ring groove; 412. Center hole; 421. Conical working surface; 422. Ferromagnetic attraction surface; 423. Left half block; 431. Right half block; 432. Airflow turbine blade; 433. Conical groove inclined surface; 434. Annular electromagnet; 441. Snap ring; 500. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The basic implementation examples are as follows: Figures 1 to 5 As shown: See Figure 1 — Figure 5This embodiment provides an adaptive propulsion device for a deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function. It includes, from front to back, a ball-tooth drill bit 1, a drill bit retaining ring 2, a front cylinder body 3, an impact piston 5, a middle cylinder sleeve 6, a gas distribution mechanism 7, a thrust ring 8, a return spring 9, and a rear connector 10. The rear connector 10 has external threads machined on its rear outer circumference for connection with the drill rod, and a high-pressure gas inlet channel 101 is axially formed at its center. The front and rear ends of the middle cylinder sleeve 6 are respectively threadedly connected to the front cylinder body 3 and the rear connector 10, thus forming an internal chamber together with the front cylinder body 3 and the rear connector 10. The gas distribution mechanism 7 is located at the rear of this internal chamber and is fixedly installed. The gas distribution mechanism 7 can adopt a conventional pneumatic reversing valve structure, which can automatically and alternately distribute high-pressure gas to the front and rear chambers of the impact piston 5 to drive the impact piston 5 to reciprocate. The impact piston 5 is axially slidably placed within the internal cavity. The return spring 9 and thrust ring 8 are fitted together at the rear end of the impact piston 5 to jointly limit its return limit position and assist in energy storage reset during the stroke. A spline is machined on the outer circumferential surface of the tail of the ball-tooth drill bit 1, and it is inserted into the inner bore of the front cylinder 3 through this spline. The drill bit retaining ring 2 is sleeved on the tail of the ball-tooth drill bit 1 and engaged with the front end of the front cylinder 3, used to axially limit the ball-tooth drill bit 1 and transmit the rotational torque from the front cylinder 3. The specific fitting methods, sealing structures, and air passage settings of the above standard base components are all industry-known technologies and will not be elaborated further here.

[0023] The core innovation of this embodiment lies in utilizing the naturally formed axial cavity within the front cylinder 3, between the rear end face of the drill bit retaining ring 2 and the front end face of the impact piston 5, to arrange a built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly 4. This built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly 4 is completely accommodated within the internal space of the front cylinder 3 in the axial direction, without altering the external contour dimensions or external interfaces of any base components such as the front cylinder 3, the middle cylinder sleeve 6, and the rear connector 10. This allows the entire device to directly replace a standard down-the-hole hammer without requiring any modifications to the drilling rig, drill rod, or drilling process.

[0024] Specifically, the built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly 4 consists of a hollow drive shaft 41, a conical impact block 42, a conical groove receiving block 43, a clutch adsorption assembly 44, and a reset elastic element 45.

[0025] The hollow drive shaft 41 is generally stepped, extending axially and penetrating this section of the cavity of the front cylinder block 3. A vent hole 411 is opened at the center of the hollow drive shaft 41 along its axis, penetrating from front to back. This vent hole 411 is connected to the air intake channel 101 of the rear connector 10, the internal air cavity of the middle cylinder sleeve 6, and the central exhaust hole of the ball tooth drill bit 1 in the air path, ensuring that the high-pressure slag discharge airflow can flow from back to front without obstruction throughout the entire process, and finally spray out from the central hole 421 of the ball tooth drill bit 1 to complete the bottom hole slag discharge, so that the addition of the built-in deflection anti-jamming drill assembly 4 does not affect the original slag discharge performance of the down-the-hole hammer.

[0026] The front end of the hollow drive shaft 41, also known as the large end, has its front face in planar contact with the tail end face of the ball tooth drill bit 1, thereby directly transmitting axial impact force and lateral disturbance force to the ball tooth drill bit 1 and eliminating intermediate transmission links. The rear end of the hollow drive shaft 41, also known as the small end, is provided with an impact post with a small radial dimension. This impact post extends rearward, and its end face is the impact end face.

[0027] The conical impact block 42 is an annular component with a central hole 421. It is slidably fitted onto the outer circular surface of the impact column of the hollow drive shaft 41 through the central hole 421, allowing it to slide back and forth along the axial direction of the hollow drive shaft 41 within a certain stroke range. The impact end face of the hollow drive shaft 41 extends rearward through the central hole 421 of the conical impact block 42, enabling the impact piston 5 to directly contact the impact end face in conventional drilling mode. The front end face of the conical impact block 42 is precision machined to form a symmetrical conical working surface 422, which is an overall convex conical annular structure.

[0028] The tapered groove receiving block 43 is rotatably mounted on the shoulder of the front of the hollow drive shaft 41 via a rolling bearing or sliding bushing. The tapered groove receiving block 43 is located directly in front of the tapered impact block 42. In this embodiment, the tapered groove receiving block 43 is a two-part structure composed of a left half 431 and a right half 432. The two halves can be fixed together by a detachable connection method such as a positioning pin, screw, or clamp. The two-part structure design allows the tapered groove receiving block 43 to be easily disassembled and the worn tapered groove parts replaced when the tapered groove inclined surface 434 wears down due to long-term use, without having to replace the entire tapered groove receiving block 43 assembly, significantly reducing maintenance costs and difficulty. In the middle of the rear end face of the tapered groove receiving block 43, a tapered groove is formed by the two halves, which has a taper that is completely consistent with and complementary in shape to the tapered working surface 422. This tapered groove has a bidirectional inclined surface that matches the tapered working surface 422.

[0029] To achieve axial constraint of the conical groove receiving block 43, a retaining ring 500 is provided on the hollow drive shaft 41. The retaining ring 500 is engaged in the pre-machined annular groove 412 on the outer circumference of the hollow drive shaft 41. The front end face of the retaining ring 500 abuts against the rear end face of the conical groove receiving block 43, thereby allowing the conical groove receiving block 43 to rotate only circumferentially on the hollow drive shaft 41, and preventing any axial movement. This axial limiting method is extremely easy to install; assembly can be completed simply by aligning the retaining ring 500 with the shaft groove and engaging it. The process is simple and facilitates rapid maintenance and parts replacement in the downhole field. At the same time, the retaining ring 500 and the annular groove 412 have a rigid surface contact, and will not loosen or come out under the severe high-frequency impact vibration of the downhole hammer. The axial limiting reliability is extremely high, ensuring that the conical groove receiving block 43 is always in the preset axial position, and ensuring that the conical working surface 422 and the bidirectional inclined surface of the conical groove can stably and reliably generate lateral force during extrusion. Furthermore, compared to the threaded locking method, the snap ring 500 solution does not require machining stress-concentrated threaded relief grooves on the hollow drive shaft 41, so the strength of the hollow drive shaft 41 is not weakened and its load-bearing capacity is fully maintained.

[0030] Furthermore, the outer edge of the conical groove receiving block 43 is integrally formed with multiple airflow turbine blades 433 evenly distributed along the circumference. The windward face of each airflow turbine blade 433 faces the exhaust flow channel inside the down-the-hole hammer that flows from back to front, so that during operation, the high-pressure exhaust flow can continuously scour the airflow turbine blades 433 and generate a stable tangential thrust, driving the entire conical groove receiving block 43 to rotate continuously at low speed on the hollow drive shaft 41. This makes the impact force generated after impact at uncertain positions uncertain, which facilitates release.

[0031] The clutch-adsorption assembly 44 is fixedly mounted on the front end face of the impact piston 5. Specifically, the clutch-adsorption assembly 44 includes an annular electromagnet 441, which is embedded in a pre-machined annular groove on the front end face of the impact piston 5, so that the body of the annular electromagnet 441 does not protrude from the front end face of the impact piston 5, thus not occupying additional axial space. The power supply lead of the annular electromagnet 441 can be introduced through a lead hole opened inside the impact piston 5, and through a specially made slip ring structure or a coiled flexible wire to introduce control current. The specific power supply lead method is conventional technology in the art and is not limited here. Opposite to the annular electromagnet 441, the rear end face of the conical impact block 42 is covered or inlaid with a layer of highly permeable and impact-resistant ferromagnetic material to form a ferromagnetic attraction surface 423. When the annular electromagnet 441 is energized, the generated electromagnetic field attracts the conical impact block 42 towards the impact piston 5, so that the two are firmly combined into one; when the power is off, the magnetic force disappears, the conical impact block 42 is released, and can slide freely relative to the impact piston 5.

[0032] In this embodiment, the reset elastic element 45 is a set of pre-compressed disc springs; however, in other embodiments, helical springs or other elastic elements may also be used. The reset elastic element 45 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the impact column of the hollow drive shaft 41, and is positioned between a shoulder on the hollow drive shaft 41 and a step on the front end face of the conical impact block 42. This reset elastic element 45 is always under pressure, continuously applying a rearward elastic thrust to the conical impact block 42.

[0033] In practical work: Conventional drilling mode When the rock formation at the bottom of the borehole is stable and the drill bit's rotation torque and feed pressure are within the normal threshold range, the control system keeps the annular electromagnet 441 of the clutch adsorption assembly 44 de-energized. At this time, the annular electromagnet 441 does not generate a magnetic field, and the conical impact block 42 is pushed to the rearmost position of its sliding stroke under the elastic force of the reset elastic element 45. In this position, a defined axial gap is maintained between the conical working surface 422 at the front end of the conical impact block 42 and the bidirectional inclined surface of the conical groove at the rear end of the conical groove receiving block 43. This axial gap is approximately 1 to 2 millimeters, ensuring that the two are completely out of contact and there is no interaction of forces.

[0034] In this state, the impact piston 5 and the conical impact block 42 remain separated and do not interfere with each other. High-pressure compressed air enters the inner cavity of the middle cylinder outer sleeve 6 through the rear connector 10, and the air distribution mechanism 7 automatically and alternately distributes air to the front and rear chambers of the impact piston 5, driving the impact piston 5 to reciprocate at high frequency. When the impact piston 5 impacts forward, its front end face skips the conical impact block 42 and directly and violently impacts the protruding impact end face at the rear end of the hollow drive shaft 41. The impact kinetic energy is directly and without loss transmitted to the tail of the ball tooth drill bit 1 that it contacts through the hollow drive shaft 41, so that the ball tooth drill bit 1 obtains pure axial impact energy and achieves efficient rock breaking. The entire impact force transmission path is "impact piston 5 → hollow drive shaft 41 → ball tooth drill bit 1". The conical impact block 42 does not participate in the force transmission or bear any impact load in this path, and the mechanism is in a standby state.

[0035] Simultaneously, the exhaust gas after power is applied continues to flow forward along the inner cavity of the front cylinder 3, scouring the airflow turbine blades 433 on the outer edge of the conical groove receiving block 43, driving the conical groove receiving block 43 and the bidirectional inclined surface of the conical groove on it to rotate at a low speed under no-load. The drilling rig power head synchronously drives the drill rod, rear connector 10, middle cylinder sleeve 6, front cylinder 3 and drill bit retaining ring 2 to rotate as a whole, driving the ball tooth drill bit 1 to achieve circumferential rotation cutting, completing the standard rock-breaking drilling operation of "axial high-frequency impact + circumferential continuous rotation".

[0036] Drill stuck escape mode During drilling, if the borehole wall collapses or the ball-tooth drill bit 1 enters the interface between soft and hard surfaces, the rotational torque of the ball-tooth drill bit 1 will surge instantly. When the torque and thrust sensors on the drilling rig detect that the rotational resistance exceeds the preset threshold and shows a tendency to get stuck, the control system outputs a continuous current to the annular electromagnet 441 of the clutch adsorption assembly 44 within milliseconds. The annular electromagnet 441 instantly generates a strong electromagnetic field that spans the tiny gap between the rear end face of the conical impact block 42 and the front end face of the impact piston 5, firmly adsorbing the ferromagnetic adsorption surface 423 of the conical impact block 42, thus rigidly connecting the conical impact block 42 and the impact piston 5 into a single unit.

[0037] In the subsequent stroke, the impact piston 5 directly pushes the conical impact block 42 forward synchronously. The left and right symmetrical conical working surfaces 422 at the front end of the conical impact block 42 are forced into and tightly fitted into the bidirectional inclined surface of the conical groove at the rear end of the conical groove receiving block 43 with a huge axial impact force. Since the conical groove receiving block 43 is axially locked by the retaining ring 500 and cannot move axially, according to the principle of inclined plane decomposition, the axial wedging force is decomposed into two equal-sized, opposite-directed, and perpendicular bidirectional inclined plane normal reaction forces on the conical contact surface. Each normal reaction force has a significant radial component, that is, a left and right bidirectional lateral component force.

[0038] These two bidirectional lateral forces are simultaneously transmitted to the tail of the ball-tooth drill bit 1 via the tapered groove receiving block 43 and the hollow drive shaft 41. While bearing axial impact, the ball-tooth drill bit 1 experiences a slight high-frequency lateral sway or vibration. This superimposed bidirectional lateral disturbance instantly breaks the static pressure and friction lock-up state of the hole wall debris or rock cuttings on the outer circumference of the ball-tooth drill bit 1, disrupting the force balance at the jamming point and restoring the ball-tooth drill bit 1's free rotation capability. The rotational torque of the ball-tooth drill bit 1 then quickly returns to normal levels.

[0039] During the stuck drill bit release mode, the high-pressure exhaust flow continuously ejected from the bottom of the hole acts on the airflow turbine blades 433 of the conical groove receiving block 43, driving the conical groove receiving block 43 to rotate continuously at low speed. The rotation of the conical groove receiving block 43 causes the circumferential contact position of the bidirectional inclined surface of the conical groove relative to the conical working surface 422 of the conical impact block 42 to continuously change, and the direction of the lateral force changes continuously by 360°. This omnidirectional rotation mechanism ensures that no matter whether the stuck point is located on the left, right, or any circumferential orientation of the ball tooth drill bit 1, the lateral disturbance force generated by the inclined surface can periodically align with the stuck point, achieving all-round adaptive and blind-angle active release.

[0040] The control system continuously monitors the drilling rig's rotation torque data. Once the torque is detected to have returned to the normal threshold range, the power supply to the annular electromagnet 441 is immediately cut off. The magnetic force disappears instantly, and the conical impact block 42, pushed by the elastic force of the reset elastic element 45, quickly springs back to its final position. Its conical working surface 422 and the bidirectional inclined surface of the conical groove of the conical groove receiving block 43 disengage again, restoring the axial clearance. The impact piston 5 separates from the conical impact block 42, and the device seamlessly switches back to the conventional drilling mode, continuing efficient drilling operations. The entire process of detection, switching, unblocking, and restoration is completed automatically in a closed loop, requiring no manual intervention and responding extremely quickly.

[0041] In summary, an adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function is presented. Not only is the design reasonable, but it can also incorporate a controllable lateral disturbance mechanism near the drill bit at the bottom of the hole without changing the standard main structure. During normal drilling, it maintains efficient axial impact, and automatically switches to lateral disturbance mode when stuck, thus solving the problem of stuck drill bits in deep holes from the root. Therefore, this device is suitable for industry promotion.

[0042] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. For example, the specific taper parameters of the conical impact block 42 and the conical groove receiving block 43 can be adjusted according to the impactor specifications and the expected lateral force; the reset elastic element 45 can be selected from helical springs, wave springs, or other elastic elements in addition to disc springs; the two-part structure of the conical groove receiving block 43 can be connected by bolts, clamps, or other detachable methods. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the technical concept and essential spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0043] Numerous specific details are set forth in this specification. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive propulsion device for a deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function, comprising: The ball tooth drill bit, drill bit retaining ring, front cylinder body, impact piston, middle cylinder outer sleeve, valve train, thrust ring, return spring and rear connector are assembled from front to back in sequence. The feature is that a built-in deflection anti-jamming assembly is provided inside the front cylinder, between the drill bit retaining ring and the impact piston, the assembly comprising: A hollow drive shaft extends axially, with its front end used to transmit force to the ball tooth drill bit, and its rear end having an impact end face. The center of the hollow drive shaft is provided with a through vent hole. A conical impact block is slidably sleeved on the hollow transmission shaft and can slide along its axial direction; the conical impact block has a conical working surface. A clutch adsorption assembly for selectively engaging or disengaging the conical impact block from the impact piston; The conical groove receiving block is rotatably fitted onto the hollow transmission shaft and axially constrained. It is located in front of the conical impact block. The conical groove receiving block is a two-part structure composed of two half blocks joined together. A conical groove that matches the conical working surface is formed in the middle of its rear end face. The down-the-hole hammer has a conventional drilling mode and a stuck drill escape mode. In the conventional drilling mode, the front end of the impact piston directly impacts the impact end face of the hollow drive shaft to transmit a pure axial impact. In the stuck drill escape mode, the front end of the impact piston engages with the conical impact block, pushing the conical impact block forward, causing the conical working surface to squeeze the conical groove inclined surface of the conical groove receiving block, generating a lateral force that is transmitted to the ball tooth drill bit through the hollow drive shaft.

2. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conical impact block has a symmetrical conical working surface, and the conical groove receiving block has a bidirectional inclined surface that matches the conical working surface, so that the conical groove receiving block has lateral force.

3. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer edge of the conical groove receiving block is integrally formed with airflow turbine blades. During operation, the exhaust flow flowing forward inside the downhole hammer drives the airflow turbine blades, thereby causing the conical groove receiving block to rotate.

4. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clutch adsorption assembly is fixed to the front end of the impact piston and is used to attract the conical impact block to the front end of the impact piston when energized to achieve the engagement, and to release the conical impact block to achieve disengagement when de-energized.

5. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The clutch adsorption assembly includes an electromagnet fixed to the front end of the impact piston, and a ferromagnetic adsorption surface is provided at the rear end of the conical impact block.

6. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a reset elastic element, which is disposed between the hollow drive shaft and the conical impact block, and is used to apply a backward elastic force to the conical impact block so that it resets to the position where the conical working surface is disengaged from the conical groove of the conical groove receiving block in the non-engaged state.

7. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact end of the hollow drive shaft passes rearward through the central hole of the conical impact block, allowing the impact piston to directly impact the shaft in conventional drilling mode.

8. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conical impact block is a ring-shaped component, and its front end face is machined to form the left-right symmetrical conical working surface.

9. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the hollow drive shaft abuts against the tail end of the ball tooth drill bit.

10. The adaptive propulsion device for deep-hole blasting down-the-hole hammer in mining with anti-jamming function according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The hollow drive shaft is axially limited by a retaining ring to the tapered groove receiving block, so that it can only rotate in the circumferential direction.

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