Mine rock blasting drilling apparatus and method

Abstract

The application discloses a mine rock blasting drilling device and method, and belongs to the technical field of mine exploitation. The mine rock blasting drilling device comprises a drill rod, a drill bit and a drilling machine, and further comprises: a plurality of scraper structures arranged along the circumference of the drill rod, each scraper structure comprising a tool holder and a tool head, a plurality of sliding grooves being arranged on the side wall of the drill rod, and the cutting edge of the tool head being flush with the side wall of the drill bit; a spline hole in the vertical direction being arranged at the bottom end of the drill rod, and a joint outer wall being slidingly connected in the spline hole in the vertical direction; a trigger mechanism comprising a magnetic block and an elastic structure, the elastic structure being used for applying an elastic force to the joint towards the side of the drill bit, under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure, when the drilling pressure of the drill bit is less than a preset pressure value, the magnetic block is arranged between the plurality of tool holders, and the magnetic block sucks each tool holder into the sliding groove where the tool holder is arranged. The mine rock blasting drilling device can ensure the flatness of the inner wall of the drill hole when the texture of the rock layer suddenly increases during the drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a mining rock blasting drilling device and method. Background Technology

[0002] As mining operations are upgraded towards intelligence and efficiency, blasting drilling, as a core process in the early stages of mining, directly affects the effectiveness of subsequent operations. Among these, the flatness of the borehole wall is a key indicator, directly determining the uniformity of explosive filling and the effect of blasting energy release. It is a core factor in ensuring mining efficiency and operational safety, and has vital practical significance for reducing mining costs and achieving large-scale, efficient mining.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used drilling device in mine rock blasting drilling operations consists mainly of a drill rod and a drill bit. During operation, the drill rod is driven to rotate at high speed by a drive mechanism, and the drill rod synchronously transmits torque to the drill bit, so that the drill bit directly contacts the mine rock strata and performs impact and cutting operations. The blasting borehole is formed by the continuous drilling of the drill bit. This device has a simple structure and is easy to operate, making it the mainstream choice for mine blasting drilling.

[0004] However, when using the aforementioned drilling equipment for mine blasting drilling operations, the complex and variable geological conditions of the mine cause the physical properties of the rock strata to change as the drilling depth gradually increases. When the drill bit enters hard rock strata such as dense granite and diorite, the drilling pressure of the existing drilling equipment will increase rapidly when the drill bit comes into contact with the hard rock strata. The cutting and impact resistance of the drill bit will increase significantly, which can easily cause a decrease in the drilling stability of the drill bit, swaying and shaking of the drill rod, and the drill bit will be unable to maintain a uniform drilling trajectory. As a result, residual broken rock cuttings, protruding rock ridges and irregular cross sections will form on the borehole wall. The surface of the borehole wall will be rough, which can easily cause uneven filling gaps and incomplete filling of subsequent explosives, resulting in disordered distribution of blasting energy and incomplete rock fragmentation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a drilling device for rock blasting in mines, which can ensure the smoothness of the inner wall of the borehole when the rock texture suddenly increases during the drilling process.

[0006] This invention provides a drilling device for rock blasting in mines, comprising a drill rod, a drill bit, and a drilling rig, wherein the drilling rig is connected to the drill rod, and further comprising: Multiple scraper structures are arranged along the circumference of the drill rod. Each scraper structure includes a tool holder and a tool head. The tool holder is ferromagnetic, and the tool head is fixedly connected to the tool holder. Multiple sliding grooves are provided on the side wall of the drill rod. Each tool holder is slidably connected to a sliding groove along the radial direction of the drill rod. The cutting edge of each tool head is parallel to the axial direction of the drill rod. After the tool holder extends out of its sliding groove, the cutting edge of the tool head can be flush with the side wall of the drill bit. A connector is connected to the drill bit. The bottom end of the drill rod is provided with a spline hole in the vertical direction. The outer wall of the connector is matched with the spline hole, and the outer wall of the connector is slidably connected to the spline hole in the vertical direction. The triggering mechanism includes a magnetic block and an elastic structure. The magnetic block is connected to the connector, and the elastic structure is located inside the drill rod and abuts against the connector. The elastic structure is used to apply an elastic force to the connector toward the drill bit side. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure, when the drill bit pressure is less than the preset pressure value, the magnetic block is located between multiple tool holders. The magnetic attraction force generated by the magnetic block on each tool holder will pull each tool holder into its corresponding groove.

[0007] Preferably, the side wall of the slide groove is provided with a first through hole, the tool holder and the inner wall of the slide groove form a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity is connected to the first through hole, the magnetic block and the connector are provided with a second through hole, one end of the second through hole is connected to the inner hole of the drill rod, the inner hole of the drill rod is connected to a high-pressure water supply device, the other end of the second through hole is connected to the water spray nozzle on the drill bit, the side wall of the connector is provided with a third through hole, the third through hole is connected to the second through hole, when the drilling pressure of the drill bit is less than the preset pressure value, under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure, the third through hole on the connector is closed by the inner wall of the drill rod, when the drilling pressure of the drill bit is greater than the preset pressure value, the connector slides to the point where the third through hole is connected to the first through hole.

[0008] Preferably, the connector is provided with a throttling mechanism, which is located in the second through hole and connected to the inner wall of the drill rod. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit increases, the connector moves away from the drill bit relative to the drill rod, thereby driving the throttling mechanism to operate, and reducing the connectivity between the second through hole and the water spray nozzle on the drill bit.

[0009] Preferably, the throttling mechanism includes a moving plate, a fixed plate, and a driving mechanism. Both the moving plate and the fixed plate are disposed within the second through hole. The fixed plate is disposed between the first through hole and the water nozzle. The fixed plate has a first valve hole. The moving plate is in contact with the fixed plate and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second through hole. The moving plate has a second valve hole. The second through hole communicates with the water nozzle through the first valve hole and the second valve hole. The driving mechanism is connected to the moving plate, and the inner wall of the drill rod is connected to the driving mechanism. When the connector moves away from the drill bit relative to the drill rod, the driving mechanism drives the moving plate to rotate, thereby changing the connectivity between the first valve hole and the second valve hole.

[0010] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a connecting pipe and a driving slider. The connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the moving plate, and the driving slider is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe. The inner hole of the drill rod is provided with a cam groove, and the driving slider is slidably connected in the cam groove. When the joint moves away from the drill bit relative to the drill rod, the connecting pipe drives the moving plate to rotate under the action of the cam groove and the driving slider.

[0011] Preferably, a sliding sleeve is provided in the inner hole of the drill rod, the sliding sleeve is coaxially arranged with the inner hole of the drill rod, the cam groove is provided on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the outer wall of the end of the connecting pipe away from the moving plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, a retaining ring is provided inside the inner hole of the drill rod. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure, the joint can abut against the retaining ring. The retaining ring is used to prevent the joint from coming out of the inner hole of the drill rod.

[0013] Preferably, the cutter head is detachably connected to the cutter holder.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic structure is a butterfly spring assembly.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for drilling using a mining rock blasting drilling device, comprising the following steps: The drilling rig drives the drill bit to drill holes through the drill rod. When the drilling hole is in a shallow soft rock area, the drilling pressure on the drill bit is less than the preset pressure value. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block to the tool holder overcomes its own centrifugal force and the friction in the slide groove, so that the tool holder is stably stored in the slide groove, thereby carrying out shallow hole construction. When the drill bit enters the deep hard rock area, the drill bit pressure increases until the drill bit pressure exceeds the preset pressure value. The hard rock reaction force is transmitted to the joint through the drill bit, pushing the joint and the magnetic block to slide in the opposite direction along the inner hole of the drill rod. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block on the tool holder weakens, and the tool holder extends out of the slide under the action of centrifugal force until the cutting edge of the tool is flush with the side wall of the drill bit. The drilling rig continuously drives the drill rod to rotate and feed, the drill bit breaks hard rock, and the scraper head of the scraper structure simultaneously scrapes away rock debris and protrusions on the hole wall in the hard rock layer, making the hole wall smooth and flat. When the drill bit returns to its original position, the magnetic block resets under the elastic force of the elastic structure, re-attaches the tool holder and retracts, restoring the normal drilling mode. After drilling is completed, shut down the drilling rig.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In a mining rock blasting drilling device, the drilling rig drives the drill rod to rotate, causing the drill bit to feed axially into the hole. When the rock strata are relatively soft, the drill bit pressure is less than a preset value. The magnetic block is stabilized between multiple sets of tool holders under the action of the elastic structure. Each tool holder is securely housed in the slide groove, and the cutter head is not exposed. The drill bit efficiently cuts soft rock strata, completing shallow hole drilling. When the drill bit drills into hard rocks such as dense granite and diorite, the cutting resistance increases sharply, and the drill bit pressure exceeds the preset value. Under the combined action of reaction force and elastic force of the elastic structure, the joint slides away from the drill bit along the spline hole of the drill rod, causing the magnetic block to move synchronously. The magnetic block and the tool holder are misaligned, and the magnetic attraction gradually weakens. The cutter head and tool holder extend from the groove until the cutting edge of the cutter head is flush with the side wall of the drill bit. The scraper structure unfolds, and the drill bit begins to cut and break the hard rock. The unfolded scraper structure rotates with the drill rod, scraping away rock chips, protruding rock ridges, and irregular cross-sections from the hole wall, making the hole wall smoother. During hard rock drilling, the trigger mechanism is dynamically adjusted. When the drilling pressure drops again, the magnetic block resets under the action of the elastic structure, re-attaches the tool holder, the tool holder retracts into the slide, the scraper structure retracts, and the device returns to the conventional drilling mode. This allows the scraper structure to retract or expand in a timely manner according to changes in rock texture. When the rock texture is hard, it can scrape the inner wall of the borehole to remove irregular protrusions and significantly reduce the roughness of the inner wall of the borehole in hard rock. When the rock texture is soft, it avoids excessive scraping of the inner wall of the borehole, which would lead to a decrease in the drilling dimensional accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first working state inside the drill pipe of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second working state inside the drill pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of surface AA; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle BB surface; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flow splitting structure of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101. Drill rod; 102. Drill bit; 103. Tool holder; 104. Tool head; 105. Slide groove; 106. Connector; 107. Spline hole; 108. Magnetic block; 109. Elastic structure; 110. Drilling machine; 201. First through hole; 202. Sealing cavity; 203. Second through hole; 204. Third through hole; 301. Throttling mechanism; 302. Water nozzle; 401. Moving plate; 402. Fixed plate; 403. Drive mechanism; 404. First valve hole; 405. Second valve hole; 501. Connecting pipe; 502. Drive slider; 503. Cam groove; 6. Limiting ring; 7. Sliding sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-6 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a drilling device for rock blasting in mines, comprising a drill rod 101, a drill bit 102, and a drilling rig 110. The drilling rig 110 is connected to the drill rod 101. The device also includes a connector 106, a triggering mechanism, and multiple scraper structures. These scraper structures are arranged circumferentially along the drill rod 101. Each scraper structure includes a tool holder 103 and a cutter head 104. The tool holder 103 is ferromagnetic, and the cutter head 104 is fixedly connected to the tool holder 103. Multiple grooves 105 are provided on the side wall of the drill rod 101. Each tool holder 103 is slidably connected to a groove 105 along the radial direction of the drill rod 101. The cutting edge of each cutter head 104 is parallel to the axial direction of the drill rod 101. After the tool holder 103 extends out of its groove 105, the cutting edge of the cutter head 104 is flush with the side wall of the drill bit 102. The connector 106 is connected to the drill bit 102. The bottom end of the drill rod 101 is provided with a spline hole 107 in the vertical direction. The outer wall of the connector 106 is engaged with the spline hole 107, and the outer wall of the connector 106 is slidably connected in the spline hole 107 in the vertical direction. The triggering mechanism includes a magnetic block 108 and an elastic structure 109. The magnetic block 108 is disposed in the inner hole of the drill rod 101 and connected to the connector 106. The elastic structure 109 is disposed in the inner hole of the drill rod 101 and abuts against the connector 106. The elastic structure 109 is used to apply an elastic force toward the drill bit 102 to the connector 106. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure 109, when the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 is less than the preset pressure value, the magnetic block 108 is positioned among multiple tool holders 103. The magnetic attraction force generated by the magnetic block 108 on each tool holder 103 pulls each tool holder 103 into its corresponding groove 105.

[0021] The working principle of the above embodiments is briefly described below: Before starting the equipment, standardized assembly and parameter presets must be completed. The drilling rig 110, as the power output end, establishes a stable power connection with the drill rod 101, responsible for transmitting rotational torque and axial drilling pressure. The connector 106, as a key connecting component between the drill rod 101 and the drill bit 102, has its outer wall forming a vertical sliding fit with the spline hole 107 at the bottom of the drill rod 101. Multiple scraper structures are evenly arranged around the drill rod 101. The tool holder 103 of each scraper structure is made of ferromagnetic material. The cutter head 104 is fixedly connected to the tool holder 103 to form an integrated scraper assembly. The tool holder 103 is slidably connected to the drill rod 101 radially through the groove 105 on the side wall of the drill rod 101. In the initial state, the elastic structure 109 applies an elastic force to the joint 106 toward the drill bit 102. Under the magnetic attraction of the magnetic block 108, each tool holder 103 is completely sucked into the groove 105 of the drill rod 101 (the magnetic attraction of the magnetic block 108 is determined according to the diameter of the drill rod 101, the mass of the cutter head 104 and the tool holder 103, and the rated speed of the drill rod 101). At this time, the cutting edge of the cutter head 104 is parallel to the axial direction of the drill rod 101 and does not exceed the side wall of the drill bit 102, so that the device has the smoothness of conventional drilling operations in the initial state and avoids the scraper structure from interfering with drilling in shallow rock formations.

[0022] When the device is started and enters the shallow rock drilling stage, the drilling rig 110 drives the drill rod 101 to rotate, which in turn drives the drill bit 102 to perform axial feeding drilling operations on the mine rock. At this time, the rock stratum where the drilling is located is relatively soft, and the drilling pressure on the drill bit 102 is less than the preset pressure value. The elastic force applied by the elastic structure 109 and the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic block 108 form the dominant control force. Because the magnetic block 108 is fixedly connected to the connector 106, it is held between multiple sets of tool holders 103 under the action of the elastic structure 109, generating a uniform and stable magnetic attraction force on each ferromagnetic tool holder 103. This magnetic attraction force and the friction between the tool holder 103 and the slide groove 105 overcome the centrifugal force when the cutter head 104 and the tool holder 103 rotate, so that each tool holder 103 is always stably housed in the slide groove 105, and the cutter head 104 is not exposed. The operating mode of this stage is the same as that of conventional drilling equipment. The rotation of the drill rod 101 drives the drill bit 102 to efficiently cut the soft rock layer and complete the drilling of the shallow hole section. This provides a stable foundation for the subsequent deep hole operation and avoids problems such as stuck drill and hole displacement caused by the exposed scraper structure, thus ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of shallow drilling.

[0023] As the drilling depth continues to increase, the drill bit 102 gradually drills into harder rock formations such as dense granite, diorite, basalt, or quartz sandstone. The cutting resistance of the hard rock in the mine to the drill bit 102 increases significantly, causing the drilling pressure on the drill bit 102 to exceed the preset pressure value (the preset pressure value is determined according to the type of drilling rig 110: 12kN to 18kN for small shallow hole drilling rigs 110 (hole diameter φ42mm~φ65mm); 20kN to 30kN for medium-sized drilling rigs 110 (hole diameter φ75mm~φ110mm, the mainstream specification in mining); and 35kN to 50kN for large deep hole drilling rigs 110 (hole diameter φ120mm~φ150mm). At this point, the reaction force of the hard rock is transmitted to the joint 106 through the drill bit 102. Under the combined action of the reaction force of the hard rock and the elastic force of the elastic structure 109, the joint 106 slides away from the drill bit 102 along the spline hole 107 of the inner hole of the drill rod 101, causing the magnetic block 108 to move synchronously, and the elastic structure 109 is squeezed. The displacement of the magnetic block 108 causes the magnetic block 108 to be misaligned with the tool holder 103 of the multiple scraper structures. The magnetic attraction force that originally attracted the tool holder 103 gradually weakens until the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic block 108 and the friction force between the tool holder 103 and the slide groove 105 are insufficient to overcome the centrifugal force when the cutter head 104 and the tool holder 103 rotate. At this point, the cutter head 104 and the tool holder 103 extend out of the slide groove 105 until the cutting edge of the cutter head 104 is flush with the side wall of the drill bit 102. At this time, the scraper structure is in the deployed working state, with the cutting edge of the cutter head 104 parallel to the axis of the drill bit 102, forming a scraping cutting surface around the inner wall of the borehole as the drill rod 101 rotates. As the drilling rig 110 continues to drive the drill rod 101 to rotate and feed axially, the drill bit 102 is responsible for the main cutting and crushing of the hard rock, while the deployed scraper structure rotates synchronously with the drill rod 101, precisely scraping the broken rock chips, protruding rock ridges and irregular cross-sections on the inner wall of the borehole, gradually smoothing out the rough protruding parts of the inner wall of the borehole, making the borehole wall gradually become flat and smooth.

[0024] Throughout the hard rock drilling operation, the triggering mechanism maintains a dynamic control state to ensure that the expansion and contraction of the scraper structure are precisely adapted to the rock strata conditions. When the drilling pressure drops during the drilling process, for example, when the drill bit 102 enters a soft rock interlayer, the magnetic block 108 is reset towards the drill bit 102 under the elastic force of the elastic structure 109 and re-adsorbed between the tool holders 103. The tool holders 103 are then drawn back into the slide groove 105, the scraper structure contracts, and the device returns to the normal drilling mode. When the drilling pressure increases again to the preset value, the magnetic block 108 is misaligned with the tool holders 103 again, and the scraper structure expands again to scrape. This achieves real-time adaptive response to changes in rock lithology during the drilling process, avoiding excessive scraping of soft rock channels due to continuous exposure of the scraper structure, or roughness of the hard rock borehole wall due to the scraper structure not expanding.

[0025] Furthermore, to prevent the adsorption of ferromagnetic rock cuttings, unstable magnetic attraction due to vibration, and demagnetization at high temperatures, the magnetic block 108 uses a neodymium iron boron high-temperature resistant magnet. Its temperature resistance is suitable for the 150-180℃ high-temperature environment generated by friction during drilling. A 304 stainless steel sealing protective layer can be set on the outer surface to effectively isolate rock cuttings, water, and the magnet from direct contact, preventing corrosion of the magnetic block 108 or magnetic circuit failure caused by ferromagnetic rock cuttings adsorbing onto its surface. A magnetic shielding ring can be set in the inner hole of the drill rod 101 to shield the magnetic circuit of the magnetic block 108 from interference by ferromagnetic rock cuttings scattered during drilling, ensuring the stability of the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic block 108 to the tool holder 103. At the same time, under vibration, the integrated design of the stainless steel protective layer and the magnetic block 108 can prevent the internal structure of the magnetic block 108 from loosening and maintain a constant magnetic attraction force. To prevent rock cuttings from getting stuck in the slide groove 105 and causing the tool holder 103 to fail to slide, an elastic dustproof scraper ring can be set at the opening end of the slide groove 105. During the retraction or extension of the tool holder 103, rock chips attached to the outer wall of the tool holder 103 are scraped off to prevent them from entering the interior of the slide groove 105. A polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant coating is applied to the inner wall of the slide groove 105 to reduce the sliding friction between the tool holder 103 and the slide groove 105, while preventing the accumulation of debris caused by hard friction between the rock chips and the inner wall of the slide groove 105. When the high-pressure water flows into the sealing cavity 202, a high-pressure water film is formed between the tool holder 103 and the slide groove 105. This further reduces sliding friction and also flushes the inner wall of the slide groove 105 in real time, discharging any small rock chips that have entered the slide groove 105 with the water flow to avoid rock chip jamming.

[0026] The mining rock blasting drilling device of the present invention can control the scraper structure to retract or expand in a timely manner according to the changes in rock texture. In this way, when the rock texture is hard, the inner wall of the borehole can be scraped flat to remove irregular protrusions on the borehole wall, thereby significantly reducing the roughness of the inner wall of the borehole in hard rock. When the rock texture is soft, it avoids excessive scraping of the inner wall of the borehole, which would lead to a decrease in the accuracy of the borehole dimensions.

[0027] Based on the above embodiments, in order to improve the scraping ability of the cutter head 104 on the inner wall of the borehole in hard rock strata, and further improve the smoothness of the inner wall of the borehole in hard rock strata.

[0028] like Figures 2-4 and Figure 6As shown, the side wall of the slide 105 is provided with a first through hole 201, and the tool holder 103 and the inner wall of the slide 105 form a sealed cavity 202, which communicates with the first through hole 201. The magnetic block 108 and the connector 106 are provided with a second through hole 203. One end of the second through hole 203 communicates with the inner hole of the drill rod 101, and the inner hole of the drill rod 101 is connected to a high-pressure water supply device. The other end of the second through hole 203 communicates with the drill bit 10. The nozzle 302 on the 2 is connected, and the side wall of the connector 106 is provided with a third through hole 204, which is connected to the second through hole 203. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 is less than the preset pressure value, the third through hole 204 on the connector 106 is closed by the inner wall of the drill rod 101 under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure 109. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 is greater than the preset pressure value, the connector 106 slides to the point where the third through hole 204 is connected to the first through hole 201.

[0029] Under normal conditions, the high-pressure water supply device is activated, allowing high-pressure water to enter the inner hole of the drill rod 101. During the shallow soft rock drilling stage, the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 is less than the preset pressure value. Under the elastic force of the elastic structure 109, the joint 106 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the drill rod 101, and the third through hole 204 on the joint 106 is sealed by the inner wall of the drill rod 101. The high-pressure water is only delivered to the water nozzle 302 of the drill bit 102 through the second through hole 203, and sprayed out from the water nozzle 302 to cool the drill bit 102. At the same time, it flushes the shallow soft rock cuttings out of the hole, preventing the rock cuttings from accumulating and clogging the borehole. When the drill bit 102 drills into the hard rock area and the drilling pressure is greater than the preset pressure value, the connector 106 slides away from the drill bit 102 along the spline hole 107, causing the third through hole 204 to move synchronously until the third through hole 204 connects with the first through hole 201 on the side wall of the slide groove 105. At this time, the high-pressure water flow is divided into two paths. One path continues to be delivered to the water spray nozzle 302 through the second through hole 203 to cool the drill bit 102 and clean the rock cuttings at the bottom of the hole. The other path enters the sealing cavity 202 through the third through hole 204 and the first through hole 201, thereby increasing the hydraulic pressure in the sealing cavity 202. The hydraulic pressure in the sealing cavity 202 applies pressure to the tool holder 103 towards the inner wall of the borehole, thereby increasing the cutting pressure of the tool head 104, thereby increasing the scraping ability of the tool head 104 on the inner wall of the borehole in the hard rock layer, and further improving the flatness of the inner wall of the borehole in the hard rock layer.

[0030] As a preferred option, such as Figures 2-4 and Figure 6As shown, the connector 106 is equipped with a throttling mechanism 301, which is located within the second through hole 203. The throttling mechanism 301 is connected to the inner wall of the drill rod 101. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 increases, the connector 106 moves away from the drill bit 102 relative to the drill rod 101, thereby driving the throttling mechanism 301 to operate. The connectivity between the second through hole 203 and the water nozzle 302 on the drill bit 102 decreases. During the shallow soft rock drilling stage, when the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 is less than the preset pressure value, under the elastic force of the elastic structure 109, the connector 106 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the drill rod 101, and the throttling mechanism 301 maintains its initial position. The high-pressure water flow is smoothly delivered to the water nozzle 302 through the second through hole 203, fully utilizing its function of cooling the drill bit 102 and flushing out soft rock cuttings, thus preventing rock cuttings from accumulating and clogging the borehole. When the drill bit 102 drills into the hard rock area and the drilling pressure is greater than the preset pressure value, the connector 106 slides away from the drill bit 102 along the spline hole 107, which simultaneously drives the throttling mechanism 301 in the second through hole 203 to gradually reduce the connectivity between the second through hole 203 and the water nozzle 302, thereby achieving precise control of the water flow rate and ensuring the basic requirements for cooling of the drill bit 102 and cleaning of rock cuttings at the bottom of the hole. Under the throttling effect of the throttling mechanism 301, the water pressure of the water flowing into the sealing cavity 202 can be increased, so that the water pressure in the sealing cavity 202 increases synchronously with the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102. This allows the scraping ability of the cutter head 104 to be increased synchronously when the rock hardness increases, ensuring the flatness of the hard rock hole wall.

[0031] As a preferred option, such as Figures 2-4 and Figure 6As shown, the throttling mechanism 301 includes a moving disc 401, a fixed disc 402, and a driving mechanism 403. Both the moving disc 401 and the fixed disc 402 are located within the second through hole 203. The fixed disc 402 is located between the first through hole 201 and the spray nozzle 302. The fixed disc 402 has a first valve hole 404. The moving disc 401 is in contact with the fixed disc 402, and the moving disc 401 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second through hole 203. The moving disc 401 has... A second valve hole 405 is provided, and a second through hole 203 communicates with the nozzle 302 through the first valve hole 404 and the second valve hole 405. The drive mechanism 403 is connected to the moving plate 401, and the inner wall of the drill rod 101 is connected to the drive mechanism 403. When the connector 106 moves away from the drill bit 102 relative to the drill rod 101, the drive mechanism 403 drives the moving plate 401 to rotate, thereby changing the connectivity between the first valve hole 404 and the second valve hole 405. High-pressure water is delivered to the nozzle 302 through the overlapping area of ​​the first valve hole 404 and the second valve hole 405. The drive mechanism 403 is connected to the moving plate 401 and communicates with the inner wall of the drill rod 101. During the shallow soft rock drilling stage, the connector 106 is in the initial position, the drive mechanism 403 is not activated, the second valve hole 405 on the moving plate 401 is completely overlapped with the first valve hole 404 on the fixed plate 402, the connectivity is maximized, and the water flow rate is maximized. As the hardness of the rock strata increases, the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 also increases. When the connector 106 moves away from the drill bit 102 relative to the drill rod 101, the inner wall of the drill rod 101 triggers the drive mechanism 403 to operate. The drive mechanism 403 drives the moving disc 401 to rotate around the axis of the second through hole 203, gradually reducing the overlap area between the second valve hole 405 and the first valve hole 404, decreasing the connectivity, increasing the water pressure in the sealing cavity 202, and simultaneously increasing the cutting ability of the cutter head 104. When the hardness of the rock strata decreases, the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 drops, the connector 106 resets, and the drive mechanism 403 drives the moving disc 401 to rotate in the opposite direction, increasing the overlap area and restoring the water flow rate to its maximum, thereby reducing the cutting pressure of the cutter head 104 and preventing excessive scraping of the rock strata. The relative rotation of the moving disc 401 and the fixed disc 402 achieves precise flow rate adjustment, with high adjustment accuracy and rapid response, ensuring accurate adaptation of water flow rate under different rock conditions and guaranteeing the quality of borehole formation.

[0032] As a preferred option, such as Figures 2-4 and Figure 6As shown, the driving mechanism 403 includes a connecting pipe 501 and a driving slider 502. The connecting pipe 501 is fixedly connected to the moving disk 401, and the driving slider 502 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe 501. The inner wall of the drill rod 101 is provided with a cam groove 503, and the driving slider 502 is slidably connected in the cam groove 503. When the connector 106 moves away from the drill bit 102 relative to the drill rod 101, the connecting pipe 501 drives the moving disk 401 to rotate under the action of the cam groove 503 and the driving slider 502. The driving slider 502 is fixed to the side wall of the connecting pipe 501, and the inner hole of the drill rod 101 is provided with a cam groove 503, in which the driving slider 502 is slidably connected. The cam groove 503 is spirally designed, which can convert the vertical displacement of the connector 106 into the rotational motion of the connecting pipe 501. When the drilling pressure of drill bit 102 increases, and connector 106 moves away from drill bit 102 relative to drill rod 101, it drives connecting pipe 501 to move vertically upwards synchronously. This drives slider 502 to slide along cam groove 503 on the inner wall of drill rod 101. Guided by cam groove 503, slider 502 drives connecting pipe 501 to rotate around its own axis, which in turn drives moving disk 401 to rotate synchronously, changing the connectivity between first valve hole 404 and second valve hole 405, thus regulating water flow. When the drilling pressure decreases and connector 106 returns to its original position, slider 502 slides in the opposite direction along cam groove 503, causing connecting pipe 501 and moving disk 401 to rotate in opposite directions, restoring the initial connectivity. Through the cooperation of cam groove 503 and slider 502, the rotation angle of moving disk 401 is ensured to be precise, thereby achieving precise control of water flow to adapt to different rock conditions.

[0033] As a preferred option, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drill rod 101 has a sliding sleeve 7 inside its inner hole, which is coaxially arranged with the inner hole of the drill rod 101. The cam groove 503 is located on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 7, and the outer wall of the connecting pipe 501 at the end away from the moving plate 401 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 7. When the connector 106 drives the connecting pipe 501 to move vertically, the connecting pipe 501 slides smoothly along the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 7, and the driving slider 502 always slides within the cam groove 503 on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 7, preventing the connecting pipe 501 from shifting or tilting, ensuring the fit between the driving slider 502 and the cam groove 503, and thus ensuring the accurate rotation angle of the moving plate 401.

[0034] As a preferred option, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a retaining ring 6 is provided inside the inner hole of the drill rod 101. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure 109, the joint 106 can abut against the retaining ring 6. The retaining ring 6 is used to prevent the joint 106 from coming out of the inner hole of the drill rod 101. The retaining ring 6 effectively limits the displacement range of the joint 106, avoiding problems such as component damage and power transmission interruption caused by the joint 106 coming out or excessive displacement, ensuring the operational stability of the device, and avoiding the impact of component failure on drilling efficiency and hole quality.

[0035] As a preferred option, such as Figures 2-4 and Figure 6 As shown, the cutter head 104 is detachably connected to the cutter holder 103. The detachable design of the cutter head 104 facilitates the replacement of the appropriate cutter head 104 according to the rock type, ensuring effective scraping.

[0036] As a preferred option, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the elastic structure 109 is a butterfly spring assembly. The butterfly spring assembly enhances the load-bearing capacity and stability of the elastic structure 109, ensuring precise control and rapid response of the triggering mechanism, and smooth retraction and unfolding of the scraper structure.

[0037] The present invention also provides a method for drilling using a mining rock blasting drilling device, comprising the following steps: The drilling rig 110 drives the drill bit 102 to drill through the drill rod 101. When the drilling is in a shallow soft rock area, the drilling pressure on the drill bit 102 is less than the preset pressure value. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block 108 to the tool holder 103 overcomes its own centrifugal force and the friction in the slide groove 105, so that the tool holder 103 is stably stored in the slide groove 105. The device efficiently cuts soft rock, thereby carrying out shallow hole section construction. When the drill bit 102 enters the deep hard rock area, the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 increases until the drilling pressure of the drill bit 102 exceeds the preset pressure value. The reaction force of the hard rock is transmitted to the joint 106 through the drill bit 102, which pushes the joint 106 and the magnetic block 108 to slide in opposite directions along the inner hole of the drill rod 101. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block 108 on the tool holder 103 weakens. Under the action of centrifugal force, the tool holder 103 extends out from the slide groove 105 until the cutting edge of the cutter head 104 is flush with the side wall of the drill bit 102. The drilling rig 110 continuously drives the drill rod 101 to rotate and feed, the drill bit 102 breaks hard rock, and the scraper head 104 of the scraper structure simultaneously scrapes the rock cuttings and protrusions on the hole wall in the hard rock layer, making the hole wall smooth and flat. When the drill bit 102 falls back under drilling pressure, the magnetic block 108 is reset under the elastic force of the elastic structure 109, and re-adsorbs the tool holder 103 to retract, restoring the normal drilling mode. After drilling is completed, shut down drilling rig 110.

[0038] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A drilling device for rock blasting in mining, comprising a drill rod, a drill bit, and a drilling rig, wherein the drilling rig is connected to the drill rod, and further comprising: Multiple scraper structures are arranged along the circumference of the drill rod. Each scraper structure includes a tool holder and a tool head. The tool holder is ferromagnetic, and the tool head is fixedly connected to the tool holder. Multiple sliding grooves are provided on the side wall of the drill rod. Each tool holder is slidably connected to a sliding groove along the radial direction of the drill rod. The cutting edge of each tool head is parallel to the axial direction of the drill rod. After the tool holder extends out of its sliding groove, the cutting edge of the tool head can be flush with the side wall of the drill bit. A connector is connected to the drill bit. The bottom end of the drill rod is provided with a spline hole in the vertical direction. The outer wall of the connector is matched with the spline hole, and the outer wall of the connector is slidably connected to the spline hole in the vertical direction. The triggering mechanism includes a magnetic block and an elastic structure. The magnetic block is connected to the connector, and the elastic structure is located inside the drill rod and abuts against the connector. The elastic structure is used to apply an elastic force to the connector toward the drill bit side. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure, when the drill bit pressure is less than the preset pressure value, the magnetic block is located between multiple tool holders. The magnetic attraction force generated by the magnetic block on each tool holder will pull each tool holder into its corresponding groove.

2. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the slide is provided with a first through hole, and the tool holder and the inner wall of the slide form a sealed cavity. The sealed cavity is connected to the first through hole. The magnetic block and the connector are provided with a second through hole. One end of the second through hole is connected to the inner hole of the drill rod, and the inner hole of the drill rod is connected to a high-pressure water supply device. The other end of the second through hole is connected to the water spray nozzle on the drill bit. The side wall of the connector is provided with a third through hole, which is connected to the second through hole. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit is less than the preset pressure value, the third through hole on the connector is sealed by the inner wall of the drill rod under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit is greater than the preset pressure value, the connector slides to the point where the third through hole is connected to the first through hole.

3. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connector is equipped with a throttling mechanism located inside the second through hole. The throttling mechanism is connected to the inner wall of the drill rod. When the drilling pressure of the drill bit increases, the connector moves away from the drill bit relative to the drill rod, thereby driving the throttling mechanism to operate, and reducing the connectivity between the second through hole and the water spray nozzle on the drill bit.

4. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The throttling mechanism includes a moving plate, a fixed plate, and a driving mechanism. Both the moving plate and the fixed plate are located within the second through hole. The fixed plate is located between the first through hole and the water nozzle. The fixed plate has a first valve hole. The moving plate is in contact with the fixed plate and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second through hole. The moving plate has a second valve hole. The second through hole communicates with the water nozzle through the first valve hole and the second valve hole. The driving mechanism is connected to the moving plate, and the inner wall of the drill rod is connected to the driving mechanism. When the connector moves away from the drill bit relative to the drill rod, the driving mechanism drives the moving plate to rotate, thereby changing the connectivity between the first valve hole and the second valve hole.

5. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a connecting pipe and a driving slider. The connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the moving plate, and the driving slider is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting pipe. The inner hole of the drill rod is provided with a cam groove, and the driving slider is slidably connected in the cam groove. When the joint moves away from the drill bit relative to the drill rod, the connecting pipe drives the moving plate to rotate under the action of the cam groove and the driving slider.

6. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The drill rod has a sliding sleeve inside its inner hole, which is coaxial with the drill rod's inner hole. The cam groove is located on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the outer wall of the connecting pipe at the end away from the moving plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve.

7. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drill rod is provided with a limiting retaining ring in its inner hole. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic structure, the joint can abut against the limiting retaining ring. The limiting retaining ring is used to prevent the joint from coming out of the inner hole of the drill rod.

8. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head and the cutter holder are detachably connected.

9. The mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic structure is a butterfly spring assembly.

10. A method for drilling using the mining rock blasting drilling device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The drilling rig drives the drill bit to drill holes through the drill rod. When the drilling hole is in a shallow soft rock area, the drilling pressure on the drill bit is less than the preset pressure value. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block to the tool holder overcomes its own centrifugal force and the friction in the slide groove, so that the tool holder is stably stored in the slide groove, thereby carrying out shallow hole construction. When the drill bit enters the deep hard rock area, the drill bit pressure increases until the drill bit pressure exceeds the preset pressure value. The hard rock reaction force is transmitted to the joint through the drill bit, pushing the joint and the magnetic block to slide in the opposite direction along the inner hole of the drill rod. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block on the tool holder weakens, and the tool holder extends out of the slide under the action of centrifugal force until the cutting edge of the tool is flush with the side wall of the drill bit. The drilling rig continuously drives the drill rod to rotate and feed, the drill bit breaks hard rock, and the scraper head of the scraper structure simultaneously scrapes away rock debris and protrusions on the hole wall in the hard rock layer, making the hole wall smooth and flat. When the drill bit returns to its original position, the magnetic block resets under the elastic force of the elastic structure, re-attaches the tool holder and retracts, restoring the normal drilling mode. After drilling is completed, shut down the drilling rig.

Images