A shield machine cutter head with microwave-assisted hob rock breaking

Abstract

The application discloses a shield machine cutter head for microwave-assisted rock breaking by a hob, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment. The shield machine cutter head comprises a cutter head body, a hob embedded on a web plate, a first limiting clamping plate, a microwave transmitter and a first driving device. The first limiting clamping plate is connected to the side wall of the web plate and forms a moving channel, and the microwave transmitter is movably arranged in the moving channel. The first driving device can drive the microwave transmitter to move along the radial direction of the cutter head, so that the microwave transmitter extends to the front of the hob. The rock on the tunnel face is subjected to microwave pre-cracking before mechanical rock breaking, so that the strength of the rock is reduced, and the wear of the cutter is reduced and the tunneling efficiency is improved. Through the second driving device and the protection device, the microwave transmitter can be rotated and stored in the moving channel in the non-working state and covered by the protection plate, so that the microwave device is effectively protected from the impact of mud and gravel, and the reliability and service life of the equipment under harsh working conditions are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring equipment technology, specifically to a microwave-assisted roller cutterhead for rock breaking in a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are large-scale engineering machines widely used in tunnel excavation. When tunneling through hard rock formations, they primarily rely on disc cutters mounted on a cutterhead to crush the rock. However, when facing extremely hard rock with high strength and wear resistance, traditional cutterheads suffer from low rock-breaking efficiency, rapid cutter wear, and frequent cutter replacements, severely restricting construction efficiency and increasing project costs.

[0003] In recent years, microwave-assisted rock breaking technology, which uses microwaves to irradiate rocks, inducing thermal stress and microcracks to form or propagate, thereby reducing the mechanical strength of the rocks, has proven to be an effective way to improve the efficiency of hard rock tunneling. Integrating microwave transmitters into the cutterhead of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) to enable microwave fracturing and mechanical rock breaking by roller cutters to work in synergy has become a research hotspot in this field.

[0004] However, in existing shield tunneling machine cutterhead designs with integrated microwave devices, the microwave transmitters are mostly fixed in place. This fixed installation method has significant shortcomings in practical applications: First, during tunneling, the contact state and stress conditions between the cutter head and the rock vary at different radial positions. Fixed microwave devices cannot target specific radial areas for focused irradiation pretreatment according to actual needs, resulting in insufficient flexibility and precision in microwave-assisted rock breaking and limited energy utilization efficiency. Second, because the distance between the microwave transmitter and the rock face cannot be adjusted, it is difficult to flexibly adjust the irradiation distance according to changes in rock properties and tunneling parameter requirements to achieve the best fracturing effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a microwave-assisted roller cutterhead for tunnel boring machine rock breaking, comprising: The cutter head body has multiple spokes arranged circumferentially on the cutter head body; A hobbing cutter, comprising multiple cutters, is embedded in the spoke plate; The first limiting clamp is connected to the side wall of the spoke plate, and a moving channel is formed between the clamp and the side wall of the spoke plate; The microwave transmitter is movably mounted within the moving channel; A first driving device is disposed within the spokes and is used to drive the microwave transmitter to move radially along the cutter head body.

[0006] Furthermore, the microwave-assisted roller cutterhead for rock breaking in a tunnel boring machine also includes: The second driving device is disposed in the first limiting clamp and is used to drive the microwave transmitter to rotate so that it is completely within the moving channel. The protective device includes a protective motor and a protective plate. The motor is disposed inside the spoke plate and its output end is connected to the protective plate, so that when the microwave transmitter rotates into the moving channel, it drives the protective plate to move above the microwave transmitter.

[0007] Furthermore, the protective device also includes: The connecting plate is connected to the output end of the protective motor; The connecting plate has two rotating shafts rotatably connected to its two ends respectively; A limiting shaft is provided, and the other end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the protective plate via the limiting shaft. The spokes have a limiting groove, and the limiting shaft can move along the range of the limiting groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the limiting groove is divided into a front limiting groove, a middle limiting groove and a rear limiting groove arranged in a stepped manner, with the rear limiting groove being located close to the cutter head body.

[0009] Furthermore, guide grooves are formed on the spokes, and both ends of the connecting plate are movably disposed within the guide grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, a second limiting clamp is provided on the side wall of the spoke plate, the second limiting clamp is hinged to the first limiting clamp, and the moving channel is formed between the first limiting clamp and the second limiting clamp.

[0011] Furthermore, a first-layer mounting cavity and a second-layer mounting cavity are formed along the second limiting clamp into the spoke plate. The first-layer mounting cavity is located close to the end face of the cutter head body, and the protective device is installed in the first-layer mounting cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the first driving device includes: The drive motor is located inside the second-layer mounting cavity; The chain conveyor is driven by the aforementioned drive motor; A connecting block is mounted on the chain conveyor. The connecting shaft is connected at one end to the microwave transmitter and at the other end to the connecting block in a rotatable connection.

[0013] Furthermore, the second drive device includes: A rotary motor, the output of which is connected to the microwave transmitter; A guide rail is arranged parallel to the length direction of the moving channel within the first limiting clamp, and the rotary motor is mounted on the guide rail.

[0014] Furthermore, the microwave transmitter includes a main pipe, within which a telescopic pipe is installed, and a microwave emission port is provided at the free end of the telescopic pipe.

[0015] The advantages of this application are: the microwave-assisted rotary cutterhead for tunnel boring machines can selectively pre-treat rocks in specific radial areas according to actual needs, expanding the irradiation range; when the machine is stopped or only feeding without rotating the cutterhead, the microwave transmitter can automatically rotate and retract into the moving channel, and be automatically covered and protected by a protective plate to prevent damage from mud, sand and gravel, significantly improving the reliability, safety and service life of the microwave system under complex working conditions; the microwave transmitter is designed with a telescopic structure, and the distance between the microwave emission port and the rock face can be controlled by the telescopic movement to achieve the best irradiation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shield machine cutterhead using microwave-assisted roller cutter rock breaking according to this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a partial structure of the cutter head; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the first and second drive devices; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the first limiting clamp and the second driving device; Figure 7 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the central protective device; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the cutter head in the figure; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure removal protective device at point C; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a microwave transmitter tube.

[0017] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 10. Cutter head body; 11. Spoke plate; 12. Hob; 121. Cutter body; 122. Cutter shaft; 123. Cutter holder; 13. First limiting clamp; 131. Moving channel; 132. Installation space; 14. Second limiting clamp; 141. First-layer installation cavity; 142. Second-layer installation cavity; 15. Protective device; 151. Protective motor; 152. Connecting plate; 153. Rotating shaft; 154. Limiting shaft; 155. Protective plate. 156. Limiting groove; 1561. Front limiting groove; 1562. Middle limiting groove; 1563. Rear limiting groove; 157. Guide groove; 16. First driving device; 161. Drive motor; 162. Chain conveyor; 163. Connecting block; 164. Connecting shaft; 17. Microwave transmitter; 171. Main pipe; 172. Telescopic pipe; 173. Microwave emission port; 18. Second driving device; 181. Guide rail; 182. Rotary motor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0020] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0021] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linking," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] See Figures 1-10 This embodiment provides a microwave-assisted roller cutter rock breaking shield machine cutterhead, including a cutterhead body 10. The cutterhead body 10 is the core tunneling component of the shield machine. Multiple spokes 11 are evenly distributed along its circumference for mounting roller cutters. Multiple roller cutters 12 are embedded and fixed on the spokes 11. Specifically, they are composed of cutter bodies 121, cutter shafts 122, and cutter holders 123. The cutter holders are fixed to the spokes, and the cutter bodies are rotatably mounted on the cutter shaft for directly crushing rocks.

[0025] In this embodiment, the spokes 11 include twelve groups, including main spokes arranged in a cross shape, two secondary spokes arranged between two adjacent main spokes, evenly distributed, and a first limiting clamp 13 is arranged in a larger interval area according to the interval size between two adjacent spokes. A second limiting clamp 14 is arranged on the side wall of one of the spokes in this area. The first limiting clamp 13 and the second limiting clamp 14 are connected by a hinge, and the two together form a narrow moving channel 131. The moving channel 131 is arranged through the axial direction of the cutter head body. The second limiting clamp 14 can be integrally formed with the spokes.

[0026] A first-layer mounting cavity 141 and a second-layer mounting cavity 142 are respectively opened along the second limiting clamp 14 towards the inner side of the spoke plate. Both the first-layer mounting cavity 141 and the second-layer mounting cavity 142 extend into the interior of the spoke plate and are arranged along the length of the spoke plate. The first-layer mounting cavity 141 is located close to the end face of the cutter head body. A protective device 15 is installed in the first-layer mounting cavity 141. A first driving device 16 is installed in the second-layer mounting cavity. A microwave transmitter 17 is installed at the output end of the first driving device 16. The microwave transmitter 17 is located in the moving channel 131 and moves along the range of the moving channel under the drive of the first driving device 16.

[0027] Specifically, the first driving device 16 includes a drive motor 161 and a chain conveyor 162. The chain conveyor 162 is arranged along the length of the second layer mounting cavity 142. The drive motor 161 is used to drive the chain plate of the chain conveyor to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. A connecting block 163 is provided on the chain plate of the chain conveyor. The microwave transmitter 17 is connected to the connecting block through a connecting shaft 164. The connecting shaft 164 and the connecting block 163 are rotatably connected by bearings and other structures.

[0028] When the microwave transmitter 17 is in operation, its axis is perpendicular to the plane where the cutterhead body end face is located, as shown in the figure. In order to prevent the microwave transmitter and the first drive device from being hit by mud, sand and gravel when the tunnel boring machine is stopped or in the feeding state, the first limiting clamp 13 has an installation space 132. The second drive device 18 is installed in the installation space 132. The second drive device is used to drive the microwave transmitter to rotate so that the microwave transmitter is completely within the moving channel 131.

[0029] Specifically, the second drive device 18 includes a guide rail 181 disposed in the installation space 132, a rotary motor 182 disposed on the guide rail 181, and the output end of the rotary motor 182 is connected to the microwave transmitter 17. In the working state, the drive motor 161 can simultaneously drive the microwave transmitter and the rotary motor to move. In the non-working state, the rotary motor 182 can independently drive the microwave transmitter to rotate until it is in the moving channel 131, that is, the microwave transmitter is parallel to the end face of the cutter head body.

[0030] The protective device 15 includes a protective motor 151. A connecting plate 152 is provided at the output end of the protective motor 151. Two rotating shafts 153 are rotatably provided at both ends of the connecting plate 152. The other end of the rotating shaft 153 is connected to a protective plate 155 through a limiting shaft 154. The protective plate 155 and the limiting shaft 154 can be rotatably connected, and the rotating shaft 153 and the limiting shaft 154 can also be rotatably connected.

[0031] More specifically, a limiting groove 156 is provided on the side wall of the first-layer mounting cavity 141. The limiting shaft 154 is movably disposed in the limiting groove 156. The limiting groove 156 is specifically divided into three sections: the front limiting groove 1561, the middle limiting groove 1562, and the rear limiting groove 1563. The rear limiting groove is located above the front limiting groove, and most of the rear limiting groove is located below the moving channel. The connection between the middle limiting groove and the front and rear limiting grooves has an arc-shaped chamfer transition. In order to guide the movement of the connecting plate 152, a guide groove 157 is provided below the limiting groove 156. The end of the connecting plate is movably disposed in the guide groove 157.

[0032] In the initial state of the protective device 15, such as Figure 7 In the state shown, the two limiting shafts 154 are in the front limiting groove 1561. During operation, the protective motor 151 drives the connecting plate 152 to move along the guide groove 157 towards the moving channel. At the same time, the protective plate also moves. When the limiting shaft 154 moves from the front limiting groove through the middle limiting groove to the rear limiting groove, the protective plate 155 moves above the microwave transmitter. At the same time, under the action of the rotating shaft 153, it moves upward a certain distance, that is, it moves a certain distance towards the end face of the cutter head body, blocking the upper end of the moving channel. This makes the upper end face of the protective plate basically flush with the upper end face of the first limiting clamp and the second limiting clamp, thus achieving the best protective effect. The oblique transition of the middle limiting groove plays the role of "lifting" the protective plate, raising it from a position lower than the moving channel to a position flush with the top surface of the clamp, thereby completing the covering.

[0033] The microwave emitting tube 17 is a device for generating and emitting microwaves. It includes a main pipe 171, and a telescopic pipe 172 is coaxially installed inside the main pipe 171. For example, a miniature linear motor or electromagnetic drive device is installed inside the main pipe. The free end of the telescopic pipe 172 is provided with a microwave emitting port 173. By telescopic movement, the distance between the microwave emitting port 173 and the rock face can be controlled to achieve the best irradiation effect.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking, comprising: The cutter head body has multiple spokes arranged circumferentially on the cutter head body; A hobbing cutter, comprising multiple cutters, is embedded in the spoke plate; The characteristic feature is that the microwave-assisted roller cutterhead for rock breaking in a tunnel boring machine further includes: The first limiting clamp is connected to the side wall of the spoke and forms a moving channel between the clamp and the side wall of the spoke; The microwave transmitter is movably mounted within the moving channel; A first driving device is disposed within the spokes and is used to drive the microwave transmitter to move radially along the cutter head body.

2. The shield machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shield tunneling machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking also includes: The second driving device is disposed in the first limiting clamp and is used to drive the microwave transmitter to rotate so that it is completely within the moving channel. The protective device includes a protective motor and a protective plate. The protective motor is disposed inside the spoke plate and its output end is connected to the protective plate, so that when the microwave transmitter rotates into the moving channel, it drives the protective plate to move above the microwave transmitter.

3. The shield machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective device also includes: The connecting plate is connected to the output end of the protective motor; The connecting plate has two rotating shafts rotatably connected to its two ends respectively; A limiting shaft is provided, and the other end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the protective plate via the limiting shaft. The spokes have a limiting groove, and the limiting shaft can move along the range of the limiting groove.

4. The shield machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting groove is divided into a front limiting groove, a middle limiting groove and a rear limiting groove arranged in a stepped manner, with the rear limiting groove being located close to the cutter head body.

5. The shield machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spokes have guide grooves, and the two ends of the connecting plate are movably disposed within the guide grooves.

6. The shield machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second limiting clamp is provided on the side wall of the spoke plate. The second limiting clamp is hinged to the first limiting clamp, and the moving channel is formed between the first limiting clamp and the second limiting clamp.

7. A shield tunneling machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first-layer mounting cavity and a second-layer mounting cavity are formed along the second limiting clamp into the spoke plate. The first-layer mounting cavity is located near the end face of the cutter head body, and the protective device is installed in the first-layer mounting cavity.

8. A shield tunneling machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first driving device includes: The drive motor is located inside the second-layer mounting cavity; The chain conveyor is driven by the aforementioned drive motor; A connecting block is mounted on the chain conveyor. The connecting shaft is connected at one end to the microwave transmitter and at the other end to the connecting block in a rotatable connection.

9. A shield tunneling machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second driving device includes: A rotary motor, the output of which is connected to the microwave transmitter; A guide rail is arranged parallel to the length direction of the moving channel within the first limiting clamp, and the rotary motor is mounted on the guide rail.

10. A shield tunneling machine cutterhead for microwave-assisted rock breaking according to claim 9, characterized in that: The microwave transmitter includes a main pipe, inside which a telescopic pipe is installed, and a microwave emission port is provided at the free end of the telescopic pipe.

Images