An overburden ground surface deformation monitoring mechanism

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of overburden surface deformation monitoring, in particular to an overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism, which comprises a supporting column and a counterweight installed on the bottom surface of the supporting column, a groove is formed on the outer side of the supporting column at equal intervals, and a deployment frame is installed in the groove; the upper part of the deployment frame is connected with the supporting column through a rotating assembly; a synchronous control assembly is installed in the groove formed in the middle of the supporting column, which is used to control the automatic rotation of the rotating assembly. When the counterweight is installed on the working area through screws, the bottom plate is extruded, the vertical rod is moved upward, the vertical rod pulls the four sets of control ropes at the same time, the four sets of deployment frames are controlled to be expanded to the horizontal state at the same time, the laser range finder installed on the deployment frame can monitor the deformation of the overburden surface below, the whole monitoring mechanism is convenient to install, the installation period is short, and the monitoring efficiency of the overburden surface deformation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of overburden surface deformation monitoring technology, specifically to an overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] After the formation of mining goaf, the surface subsidence, crack expansion and even sudden collapse are easily caused by the self-weight of the overlying strata, geological tectonic movement and mining activities. Therefore, in the process of coal mining, the damage or movement of the overlying strata will have the effect of cracking, subsidence and cracks on the surface. Therefore, it is particularly important to monitor the deformation of the overlying surface. For example, the patent application with publication number "CN117168359A" entitled "An equipment and method for observing the movement of overlying strata in backfilling mining," discloses that by directly observing the movement of overlying strata under backfilling mining conditions, scientific basis and data support can be provided for backfilling projects. Based on the observation results, targeted measures can be taken to improve the stability of the strata and avoid disasters such as strata collapse, thereby improving the safety of backfilling mining projects. By directly observing the movement of overlying strata, accurate geological information can be obtained, providing a scientific basis for engineering design and optimization. Based on the observation results, the backfilling mining scheme can be adjusted and optimized to improve the efficiency and feasibility of the project. Another example is the patent application with publication number "CN104315988B" entitled "A distributed optical fiber detection method for mining-induced overlying strata deformation," which discloses the arrangement of boreholes above the mining face. The sensing fiber is delivered into the rock mass through the drill pipe. Concrete grout is injected from the inside out until the borehole is filled, so that the sensing fiber is integrated with the surrounding rock mass and deforms synchronously. When the coal seam is mined and the rock mass above the working face deforms, the change in the distribution along the geometric path of the fiber is continuously measured along the entire length of the fiber to obtain the drift of the backscattered Brillouin light frequency. Based on the linear relationship between the Brillouin frequency shift and the strain of the sensing fiber, the value of the rock mass strain caused by the mining in the borehole length direction is obtained, and the height of the overburden deformation and damage and the stress state caused by the mining are determined, so as to achieve effective monitoring of the mining rock mass.

[0003] The existing monitoring mechanisms require drilling on the working surface using external drilling equipment, then transmitting the sensing fiber through the drill rod into the rock mass, and finally injecting concrete grout into the borehole to integrate the sensing fiber with the surrounding rock mass and coordinate deformation. This makes the installation of the entire monitoring mechanism cumbersome and time-consuming, thus affecting the monitoring efficiency of overburden surface deformation. Therefore, we propose an overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a monitoring mechanism for overburden surface deformation, which solves the problem mentioned in the background art. Existing monitoring mechanisms require drilling on the working surface using external drilling equipment, then transmitting the sensing fiber through the drill rod into the rock mass, and finally injecting concrete grout into the borehole to integrate the sensing fiber with the surrounding rock mass and coordinate deformation. This makes the entire monitoring mechanism cumbersome to install, with a long installation period, thus affecting the monitoring efficiency of overburden surface deformation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a surface deformation monitoring mechanism for overburden, comprising a support column and a counterweight installed on its bottom surface, wherein a solar panel is installed on the top left side of the support column, and a control box is connected to the top right side of the support column; an unfolding frame is provided in slots equally spaced on the outer side of the support column, and the upper part of the unfolding frame is connected to the support column through a rotating component; a synchronous control component is installed in a slot in the middle of the support column to control the automatic rotation of the rotating component; and a laser rangefinder for monitoring surface deformation of overburden is installed on the lower inner side of the unfolding frame.

[0006] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a rotating rod that passes through and is fixed inside the upper part of the unfolding frame, and the rotating rod is rotatably installed inside the supporting column. An adjustment rope is wound around the middle outer side of the rotating rod, and a torsion spring is nested around the outer side of one end of the rotating rod.

[0007] The above structure allows the unfolding frame to rotate around the center of the rotating rod, thus ensuring stable rotation of the unfolding frame.

[0008] Preferably, the synchronous control component includes a vertical rod installed in a groove inside the middle of the support column, the upper end of the vertical rod being connected to a reset spring installed in the groove inside the middle of the support column, the lower end of the vertical rod passing through the middle of the counterweight block and being connected to the base plate, and the upper outer side of the vertical rod being connected to one end of the control rope.

[0009] The above structure allows the vertical rod to rise and fall inside the supporting column, thereby enabling the vertical rod to be pulled by four sets of control ropes simultaneously. This facilitates the control ropes to drive the rotating rod to rotate without the need for an additional power source.

[0010] Preferably, the unfolding frame is configured with a "U" shape, and the unfolding frame forms a rotating structure through a rotating rod.

[0011] The above-described structure allows for the proper installation of the laser rangefinder at the bottom of the deployment frame.

[0012] Preferably, the counterweight has a second receiving groove in the middle, and a first receiving groove is provided in the inner circumference of the counterweight. Water is injected into the second receiving groove through a pipe installed on the upper right side of the counterweight.

[0013] By setting up the above structure, water can increase the overall weight of the counterweight, thereby further improving the stability of the counterweight installation. At the same time, by tilting the counterweight, the water in the second receiving tank can also tilt, so that the water in the second receiving tank can flow well into the first receiving tank in the corresponding direction.

[0014] Preferably, the spaces inside the first accommodating groove and the second accommodating groove are connected, and the inside of the first accommodating groove is sealed and fitted with a pressing plate, and one side of the pressing plate is connected to the inside of the first accommodating groove through a connecting spring. A pressure sensor is installed inside the first accommodating groove.

[0015] The above structure allows water to apply pressure to the pressure plate, which in turn allows the pressure plate to move toward the pressure sensor, facilitating the application of pressure to the sensor and enabling the pressure plate to perform monitoring operations effectively.

[0016] Preferably, the counterweight has exhaust holes on all four outer sides, and the space inside the exhaust holes is connected to the space inside the first receiving groove.

[0017] With the above structure, the vent can discharge the gas in the first receiving groove, which makes it easier for the extrusion plate to move well in the first receiving groove.

[0018] Preferably, a first magnet block is installed inside the top of the slots that are equally spaced on the outer side of the support column.

[0019] The above-described structure allows for the proper installation of the first magnet block.

[0020] Preferably, the unfolding frame is cylindrical, with a through groove on its outer side, and a connecting rod connected to the inside of the unfolding frame by a support spring. An "L"-shaped support plate is installed on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting rod, the support plate passes through the inside of the through groove, a second magnet is installed at the top of the support plate, and a laser rangefinder is installed inside the lower end of the connecting rod.

[0021] The above-described structure allows the support plate to move stably.

[0022] Preferably, the second magnet block and the first magnet block have the same magnetic poles.

[0023] The above structure creates a repulsive force between the second magnet and the first magnet, allowing the second magnet to move the support plate and connecting rod.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism is easy to install, has a short installation period, and improves the monitoring efficiency of overburden surface deformation. The specific details are as follows: (1) When the counterweight is installed in the working area by screws, the base plate is squeezed, causing the base plate to move the vertical rod upward. This causes the vertical rod to pull the four sets of control ropes at the same time, thereby controlling the four sets of unfolding frames to unfold into a horizontal state. This allows the laser rangefinder installed on the unfolding frame to effectively monitor the deformation of the overburden surface below. The entire monitoring mechanism is easy to install, has a short installation period, and improves the monitoring efficiency of the overburden surface deformation. Later, when the overlying rock surface deforms and causes the unfolding frame to tip over, the stored force of the reset spring can automatically drive the vertical rod to move downward. This allows the stored force of the torsion spring to drive part of the unfolding frame to rotate in the opposite direction and reset. This allows part of the unfolding frame to carry the laser rangefinder into the support column. The support column can protect the laser rangefinder and facilitate its recovery and reuse. (2) When the overburden surface undergoes slight deformation, the counterweight will tilt. At this time, by using the extrusion plate and pressure sensor, it is possible to monitor whether the counterweight has tilted, thereby enabling the monitoring and timely warning of slight deformation of the overburden surface. (3) Through the repulsive force between the first and second magnet blocks with the same magnetic poles, the second magnet block automatically drives the support plate and connecting rod to move outward, thereby facilitating the automatic adjustment of the sum of the lengths of the unfolding frame and the connecting rod, making it easy to adjust the monitoring position of the laser rangefinder and meet different usage needs. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side stereoscopic structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the right-side stereoscopic structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the supporting column of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top sectional view of the connection between the supporting column and the unfolding frame of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the unfolding frame of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top sectional view of the counterweight block of the present invention. Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the unfolding frame and the supporting column in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the unfolding frame in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Support column; 2. Solar panel; 3. Control box; 4. Counterweight; 5. Expansion frame; 51. Through slot; 6. Base plate; 7. Vertical rod; 8. Return spring; 9. Rotating rod; 10. Torsion spring; 11. Adjustment rope; 12. Laser rangefinder; 13. First receiving slot; 14. Second receiving slot; 15. Extrusion plate; 16. Pressure sensor; 17. Connecting spring; 18. Connecting rod; 19. Support plate; 20. First magnet; 21. Exhaust hole; 22. Support spring; 23. Second magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides the following technical solution: Example 1: The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism in this example is easy to install, has a short installation period, and improves the monitoring efficiency of overburden surface deformation. The specific structure is shown in the attached diagram. Figures 1-6 As shown, there is a support column 1 and a counterweight 4 installed on its bottom surface. A solar panel 2 is installed on the top left side of the support column 1, and a control box 3 is connected to the top right side of the support column 1. An unfolding frame 5 is installed in the slots opened at equal intervals on the outside of the support column 1. The upper part of the unfolding frame 5 is connected to the support column 1 through a rotating component. A synchronous control component is installed in the slot opened in the middle of the support column 1 to control the automatic rotation of the rotating component. A laser rangefinder 12 for monitoring the deformation of the overburden surface is installed on the lower inner side of the unfolding frame 5. The rotating component includes a rotating rod 9 that passes through and is fixed inside the upper part of the unfolding frame 5. The rotating rod 9 is rotatably installed inside the support column 1. An adjustment rope 11 is wound around the middle outer side of the rotating rod 9, and a torsion spring 10 is nested on the outer side of one end of the rotating rod 9.

[0029] The synchronous control component includes a vertical rod 7 installed in a slot inside the middle of the support column 1. The upper end of the vertical rod 7 is connected to a return spring 8 installed in the slot inside the middle of the support column 1. The lower end of the vertical rod 7 passes through the middle of the counterweight block 4 and is connected to the base plate 6. The upper outer side of the vertical rod 7 is connected to one end of the control rope 11. The unfolding frame 5 has a "U" shaped structure and a rotating structure is formed by the rotating rod 9. A second receiving slot 14 is opened in the middle of the counterweight block 4, and a first receiving slot is opened in the inner circumference of the counterweight block 4. 13, and water is injected into the interior of the second receiving groove 14 through the pipe installed on the upper right side of the counterweight 4. The interior spaces of the first receiving groove 13 and the second receiving groove 14 are connected. The interior of the first receiving groove 13 is sealed and fitted with a pressing plate 15. One side of the pressing plate 15 is connected to the interior of the first receiving groove 13 through a connecting spring 17. A pressure sensor 16 is installed inside the first receiving groove 13. All four outer sides of the counterweight 4 are provided with exhaust holes 21, and the interior space of the exhaust holes 21 is connected to the interior space of the first receiving groove 13.

[0030] First, move the entire monitoring mechanism into the working area, then place it vertically. Next, install the counterweight 4 into the working area using external screws. The working area then contacts the base plate 6. The counterweight 4 then moves the support column 1 downwards, causing it to move downwards outside the vertical rod 7. The return spring 8 is compressed and stores force. At this point, one end of the control rope 11 is pulled, and the other end drives the rotating rod 9 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating rod 9 causes the outer unfolding frame 5 to rotate, at which point the torsion spring 10 stores force, causing the unfolding frame 5 to rotate to a horizontal position. The laser rangefinder 12 inside the unfolding frame 5 can monitor the deformation of the corresponding overburden surface below. The entire monitoring mechanism is easy to install and has a short installation period, which improves the monitoring efficiency of overburden surface deformation. When the laser rangefinder 12 detects that the distance between itself and the corresponding overburden surface below has increased, it can be known that the overburden surface below the laser rangefinder 12 has deformed and sunken downward. Then, the laser rangefinder 12 transmits this signal to the microcontroller in the control box 3. The microcontroller controls the alarm in the control box 3 to sound an alarm. Since this part is existing technology, it will not be described in detail here.

[0031] After the counterweight 4 is installed, a certain amount of water can be injected into the second accommodating groove 14 inside the counterweight 4 through the water inlet pipe on the upper right side of the counterweight 4. When the overburden surface corresponding to the counterweight 4 under undergoes slight deformation, the counterweight 4 will tilt. At this time, the water in the second accommodating groove 14 flows into the first accommodating groove 13 corresponding to the tilt direction, causing the extrusion plate 15 in the first accommodating groove 13 to move outward. The gas in the first accommodating groove 13 is discharged through the corresponding exhaust hole 21. At this time, the extrusion plate 15 extrudes the pressure sensor 16 and the connecting spring 17 in the first accommodating groove 13. After the pressure sensor 16 detects a certain pressure, it transmits this signal to the microcontroller in the control box 3. The microcontroller controls the alarm in the control box 3 to sound an alarm. This can monitor and provide timely warnings of slight deformation of the overburden surface, which can meet different usage needs.

[0032] Later, when the overburden surface deforms and causes the unfolding frame 5 to tip over, the counterweight 4 separates from the overburden surface. Then, the stored force of the return spring 8 automatically drives the vertical rod 7 to move downward. This allows the stored force of the torsion spring 10 to drive part of the unfolding frame 5 to rotate in the opposite direction and reset. This allows part of the unfolding frame 5 to carry the laser rangefinder 12 into the support column 1. The support column 1 can protect the laser rangefinder 12 and facilitate its later recovery and use.

[0033] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism in this example discloses a different structure for the deployment frame 5. This facilitates automatic adjustment of the overall length of the deployment frame 5 and the connecting rod 18, and allows for easy adjustment of the monitoring position of the laser rangefinder 12. This can meet different usage requirements. For the specific structure, please refer to the attached diagram. Figures 7-8 As shown, a first magnet 20 is installed inside the top of the slots that are equally spaced on the outer side of the support column 1. The unfolding frame 5 is cylindrical. A through slot 51 is opened on the outer side of the unfolding frame 5. The interior of the unfolding frame 5 is connected to a connecting rod 18 through a support spring 22. An "L"-shaped support plate 19 is installed on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting rod 18. The support plate 19 passes through the interior of the through slot 51. A second magnet 23 is installed at the top of the support plate 19. A laser rangefinder 12 is installed inside the lower end of the connecting rod 18. The second magnet 23 and the first magnet 20 have the same magnetic poles.

[0034] When the rotating rod 9 drives the unfolding frame 5 to rotate to a horizontal position, the second magnet 23 on the outside of the unfolding frame 5 rotates to the position corresponding to the first magnet 20. At this time, through the principle of repulsion between the like magnetic poles of the first magnet 20 and the second magnet 23, the second magnet 23 drives the support plate 19 and the connecting rod 18 to move outward. At this time, the support spring 22 is stretched and stored. Then the support plate 19 slides in the through groove 51, and the connecting rod 18 slides outward in the unfolding frame 5. This facilitates the automatic adjustment of the sum of the lengths of the unfolding frame 5 and the connecting rod 18, thus facilitating the adjustment of the monitoring position of the laser rangefinder 12. It can monitor the deformation of the overlying rock surface at different locations, meet different usage requirements, and complete a series of tasks.

[0035] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface deformation monitoring mechanism for overburden, comprising a support column (1) and a counterweight (4) installed on its bottom surface, wherein a solar panel (2) is installed on the top left side of the support column (1), and a control box (3) is connected to the top right side of the support column (1), characterized in that: An unfolding frame (5) is installed in the slots opened at equal intervals on the outside of the support column (1), and the upper part of the unfolding frame (5) is connected to the support column (1) through a rotating component. A synchronous control component is installed in the slot opened in the middle of the support column (1) to control the rotating component to rotate automatically. A laser rangefinder (12) for monitoring the deformation of the overlying rock surface is installed on the lower inner side of the unfolding frame (5).

2. The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating assembly includes a rotating rod (9) that passes through and is fixed inside the upper part of the unfolding frame (5), and the rotating rod (9) is rotatably installed inside the supporting column (1), and an adjustment rope (11) is wound around the middle outer side of the rotating rod (9), and a torsion spring (10) is nested on the outer side of one end of the rotating rod (9).

3. The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The synchronous control component includes a vertical rod (7) installed in a groove in the middle of the support column (1), and the upper end of the vertical rod (7) is connected to a reset spring (8) installed in the groove in the middle of the support column (1). The lower end of the vertical rod (7) passes through the middle of the counterweight block (4) and is connected to the base plate (6). The upper outer side of the vertical rod (7) is connected to one end of the control rope (11).

4. The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The unfolding frame (5) is configured with a "U" shape, and the unfolding frame (5) forms a rotating structure through the rotating rod (9).

5. The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight (4) has a second receiving groove (14) in the middle, and a first receiving groove (13) is provided in the inner sides of the counterweight (4). Water is injected into the second receiving groove (14) through a pipe installed on the upper right side of the counterweight (4).

6. The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spaces inside the first accommodating groove (13) and the second accommodating groove (14) are connected, and the inside of the first accommodating groove (13) is sealed and fitted with a pressing plate (15), and one side of the pressing plate (15) is connected to the inside of the first accommodating groove (13) through a connecting spring (17). A pressure sensor (16) is installed inside the first accommodating groove (13).

7. A surface deformation monitoring mechanism for overburden as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The counterweight (4) has exhaust holes (21) on all four outer sides, and the space inside the exhaust holes (21) is connected to the space inside the first receiving groove (13).

8. The overburden surface deformation monitoring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the slots that are equally spaced on the outside of the support column (1) is fitted with a first magnet block (20).

9. A surface deformation monitoring mechanism for overburden as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The unfolding frame (5) is cylindrical. A through groove (51) is provided on the outer side of the unfolding frame (5). A connecting rod (18) is connected inside the unfolding frame (5) by a support spring (22). An "L"-shaped support plate (19) is installed on the outer side of the upper end of the connecting rod (18). The support plate (19) passes through the inside of the through groove (51). A second magnet block (23) is installed at the top of the support plate (19). A laser rangefinder (12) is installed inside the lower end of the connecting rod (18).

10. A surface deformation monitoring mechanism for overburden as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The second magnet (23) and the first magnet (20) have the same magnetic poles.

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