Automatic temperature regulating device for household waste incinerator

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a temperature automatic regulation and control device of a household garbage incinerator, which comprises an incinerator body, the incinerator body comprises a hearth, a mechanical grate is arranged in the hearth, a flue gas passage is connected to the top of the incinerator body, a slag outlet is arranged on the outside of the hearth, and a support frame is connected to the bottom end of the incinerator body. The control unit is used for performing time synchronization alignment and confidence weight distribution on the signals of three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors through a data fusion module, measuring the area temperature of the hearth and the flue gas passage, reconstructing a hearth key area temperature distribution map and marking the position of a low-temperature zone in real time, and a prediction and control module is used for predicting the lowest temperature of the hearth in the next 5 minutes according to the current fan air volume and the feeding speed, and performing hierarchical regulation and control when the predicted temperature is lower than the set temperature, and preferentially adjusting the air supply and the feeding speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of municipal solid waste treatment technology, and in particular to an automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator. Background Technology

[0002] Municipal solid waste incinerators are crucial equipment for achieving the reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery of urban solid waste. During incineration, the stability of the furnace temperature directly affects the burnout efficiency and pollutant control effectiveness.

[0003] However, due to the complex composition of municipal solid waste and the large fluctuations in its moisture content and calorific value, uneven waste layer distribution, incomplete combustion in certain areas, and fluctuating furnace temperature are common problems after it enters the furnace. Existing incinerators rely heavily on a limited number of thermocouple points for temperature measurement and manual adjustment based on experience. This makes it difficult to comprehensively reflect changes in the internal temperature field of the furnace and lacks the ability to predict low-temperature risks in advance. Typically, they can only passively adjust the air supply or start the auxiliary burner after the temperature drops, resulting in a delayed response and insufficient control precision. Furthermore, bridging and blockage of waste are prone to occur during the feeding process, further affecting the uniformity of feeding. The auxiliary burner nozzles are constantly close to the high-temperature zone of the furnace, making them susceptible to coking and aging due to high-temperature radiation, smoke, and tar. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automatic temperature control device for municipal solid waste incinerators that can achieve multi-source temperature sensing, predictive control, material dispersion and anti-blockage, and burner protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of insufficient global sensing and prediction capabilities for incinerators in the prior art by proposing an automatic temperature control device for municipal solid waste incinerators.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator, comprising an incinerator body, the incinerator body including a furnace chamber, a mechanical grate disposed inside the furnace chamber, a flue gas passage connected to the top of the incinerator body, a slag outlet disposed on the outer side of the furnace chamber, and a support frame connected to the bottom end of the incinerator body, and further comprising:

[0006] Three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors are included: contact thermocouples, non-contact infrared thermal imagers, and acoustic thermometers. The contact thermocouples are distributed and installed inside the furnace. The non-contact infrared thermal imagers are fixed to the outside of the incinerator body. An observation hole is provided on the outside of the incinerator body. A high-temperature resistant transparent insulating material is fixed to the inner wall of the observation hole. The non-contact infrared thermal imager is located outside the high-temperature resistant transparent insulating material, and the acquisition end face of the non-contact infrared thermal imager faces the high-temperature resistant transparent insulating material. The acoustic thermometer is installed on the wall of the flue gas channel.

[0007] The control unit is connected to the contact thermocouple, the non-contact infrared thermal imager, and the acoustic thermometer.

[0008] An air supply module, wherein the air supply volume is adjusted by a control signal output from the control unit;

[0009] The feeding mechanism includes a feeding bin and a driving device. The feeding bin is located at the top of the incinerator body, and the driving device is located at the top of the feeding bin. The driving device is used to control the garbage to enter the feeding bin. A vibration dispersion mechanism is provided at the bottom of the feeding bin and inside the incinerator body to vibrate and disperse the material entering the furnace.

[0010] An auxiliary burner is movably installed on the outside of the incinerator body. An installation hole is provided on the outside of the incinerator body, which is adapted to the output end of the auxiliary burner. A sealing and protective mechanism is provided on the outside of the installation hole. The sealing and protective mechanism automatically closes the installation hole when the auxiliary burner exits the installation hole and automatically makes way when the auxiliary burner extends into the installation hole.

[0011] The auxiliary burner is controlled by the control unit and is used to provide auxiliary heating when the temperature is below a preset threshold.

[0012] Optionally, the air supply module includes a fan, a connecting plate, and an air outlet pipe. The fan is installed on the top of the connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the support frame, and the two ends of the air outlet pipe are respectively connected to the output end of the fan and the inside of the furnace.

[0013] Optionally, the vibration dispersion mechanism includes two sets of symmetrically distributed vibrating plates, concave plates, and arc springs. The two sets of vibrating plates are rotatably connected to the two sets of concave plates, respectively. The concave plates are fixed to the inner wall of the incinerator body, and the two ends of the arc springs are fixed to the vibrating plates and the inner wall of the incinerator body, respectively. When the material falls, it impacts the vibrating plates, and the vibrating plates swing to allow the material to fall smoothly and squeeze the arc springs. After the arc springs deform, they provide a reaction force to push the vibrating plates to swing in the opposite direction, impacting and dispersing the material. At the same time, the reciprocating swing of the vibrating plates squeezes the material to prevent the material from accumulating at the discharge point of the feeding hopper.

[0014] Optionally, the sealing and protection mechanism includes two sets of symmetrically arranged protective covers, a sliding groove, two sets of fixing plates, and a return spring. The two sets of protective covers are located outside the mounting hole, and the protective covers are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove. The two sets of fixing plates are respectively fixed to both sides of the incinerator body, and the two ends of the return spring are respectively fixed to the fixing plate and the protective cover. In the initial state, the auxiliary burner is located outside the incinerator body. Under the action of the return spring, the two sets of protective covers move closer to each other, surrounding the flame nozzle of the auxiliary burner. In the close-up state, the two sets of protective covers jointly seal the mounting hole to prevent internal heat leakage from the furnace.

[0015] Optionally, a drive cylinder is provided on the outer side of the incinerator body, and a side plate is driven to the output end of the drive cylinder. The side plate is fixedly connected to the auxiliary burner. Pressure blocks are symmetrically fixed at the top and bottom of the auxiliary burner, and the ends of the two pressure blocks are located between the two sets of protective covers.

[0016] Optionally, cooling modules are installed on the inner walls of both sets of protective covers to reduce the temperature of the auxiliary burner when the protective cover surrounds it.

[0017] Optionally, a support rod is fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary burner, and a square plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the incinerator body. A guide groove is provided at the bottom of the square plate, and the support rod is slidably connected to the inside of the guide groove.

[0018] Optionally, the acoustic temperature sensor includes an acoustic transmitter and an acoustic receiver, the main bodies of which are mounted on the outer wall of the flue gas duct via flanges.

[0019] Optionally, the control unit includes a data fusion module and a predictive control module;

[0020] The data fusion module receives sensing signals from three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors. After unifying the sampling time of the three types of signals according to the timestamp, it removes abnormal data and fills in missing values. Then, it assigns reliable weights based on the working status and signal consistency of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors, measures the regional temperature of the furnace and flue gas passage, outputs each temperature value, generates a temperature distribution map of the key areas of the furnace, and marks the location of the low-temperature zone.

[0021] The predictive control module calculates the predicted minimum furnace temperature for the next 5 minutes based on continuously collected temperature field data and the current fan airflow and feeding mechanism speed. When the predicted value is lower than the set temperature, the airflow is first adjusted by the fan and the feeding rhythm of the feeding mechanism is adjusted in conjunction to make the waste distribution in the furnace more uniform and reduce the risk of local low temperature. If the risk of low temperature still exists after adjustment, the auxiliary burner is started in advance for preheating. When the measured temperature in the key combustion area of ​​the furnace or the furnace outlet area is lower than 850°C and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the auxiliary burner is directly and forcibly started for supplementary heating.

[0022] Secondly, the present invention provides an automatic temperature control method for a municipal solid waste incinerator, applied to the automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Feeding and incineration: Waste enters the furnace through the feeding bin, is dispersed by the vibration dispersion mechanism and falls into the mechanical grate, and is dried, burned and combusted in sequence. Ash and slag are discharged from the slag outlet and flue gas enters the flue gas passage.

[0024] S2. Temperature acquisition: a contact thermocouple measures the temperature of the furnace anchor point, a non-contact infrared thermal imager acquires the surface temperature of the flame zone, and an acoustic thermometer measures the average temperature of the acoustic wave propagation path in the flue gas channel. The three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors transmit the temperature signal to the control unit.

[0025] S3. Regional temperature estimation: The control unit calls the data fusion module to align the signals of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors. It then uses the sliding window method to identify outliers and performs linear interpolation to complete the data. Based on the accuracy and consistency of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors, it assigns weights and outputs the temperature estimates of each region, generating a temperature distribution map of the key areas of the furnace and marking the low-temperature zone.

[0026] S4. Predictive Control: Based on temperature field data and current fan airflow and feeding speed, the control unit predicts the minimum furnace temperature in the next 5 minutes. When the predicted value is lower than the set temperature, the airflow is first adjusted by the fan and the feeding speed is adjusted. If there is still a risk of low temperature, the auxiliary burner is started to extend into the furnace for supplementary heating. When the measured temperature in the critical combustion area of ​​the furnace or the furnace outlet area is lower than 850°C and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the auxiliary burner is forcibly started to perform safety interlock supplementary heating until the temperature recovers and then the supplementary heating is stopped.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] This invention, through the structural design of a vibration dispersion mechanism and a sealing protection mechanism, achieves reciprocating oscillation of the vibration dispersion mechanism without the need for a separate drive source. It utilizes the impact of falling material and the reset of an arc spring to achieve active material dispersion and anti-clogging. Furthermore, it actively isolates the auxiliary burner nozzle from the high-temperature zone of the furnace during standby. After the nozzle exits, the protective cover resets and seals the mounting hole. This fundamentally solves the problems of bridging and clogging at the feed inlet of traditional devices and the coking and aging caused by long-term exposure of the auxiliary burner nozzle to high-temperature radiation in the furnace. It significantly reduces the equipment failure rate and the frequency of manual unclogging.

[0029] Furthermore, the control unit uses a data fusion module to perform time synchronization and confidence weight allocation on the signals from three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors, measures the regional temperature of the furnace and flue gas passage, reconstructs the temperature distribution map of key areas of the furnace, and marks the location of low-temperature zones in real time. At the same time, the predictive control module predicts the minimum furnace temperature for the next 5 minutes based on the current fan air volume and feeding speed. When the predicted temperature is lower than the set temperature, it implements tiered control, prioritizing the adjustment of air supply and feeding speed. If there is still a risk of low temperature, the auxiliary burner is started in advance for preheating. If the measured temperature is lower than 850℃ and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the safety interlock supplementary heating is forcibly activated, significantly improving the intelligence level and safety redundancy of the incinerator temperature control. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the incinerator body;

[0032] Figure 3 A partial plan view of an automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration dispersion mechanism;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the return spring and the drive cylinder;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary burner and the briquette.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working state of the protective cover;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the flue gas passage;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the data fusion processing.

[0040] Figure 11 A complete flowchart for temperature prediction and graded control.

[0041] Attached reference numerals: 11. Incinerator body; 13. Mechanical grate; 14. Flue gas passage; 15. Ash outlet; 16. Support frame;

[0042] 2. Three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors; 21. Contact thermocouple; 22. Non-contact infrared thermal imager; 23. Acoustic thermometer; 24. Observation port; 231. Acoustic transmitter; 232. Acoustic receiver;

[0043] 3. Control unit;

[0044] 4. Air supply module; 41. Fan; 42. Connecting plate; 43. Air outlet duct;

[0045] 6. Feeding hopper;

[0046] 7. Vibration dispersion mechanism; 71. Vibrating plate; 72. Concave plate; 73. Arc spring;

[0047] 81. Auxiliary burner; 82. Mounting hole;

[0048] 9. Sealing and protective mechanism; 91. Protective cover; 92. Slide groove; 93. Fixing plate; 94. Return spring; 95. Drive cylinder; 96. Side plate; 97. Pressure block; 98. Cooling module;

[0049] 101. Support rod; 102. Square plate; 103. Guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be a component positioned centrally in the connection.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention proposes an automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator, comprising an incinerator body 11. The incinerator body 11 includes a furnace chamber, providing a closed space for waste combustion. A mechanical grate 13 is installed inside the furnace chamber. The mechanical grate 13, as a mature existing technology, is used to carry and transport waste, allowing the waste to be dried, burned, and completely combusted sequentially within the furnace chamber. A flue gas passage 14 is connected to the top of the incinerator body 11 to guide the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion out of the furnace chamber. A slag outlet 15 is provided on the outside of the furnace chamber to discharge the ash residue after combustion. A support frame 16 is connected to the bottom of the incinerator body 11 to support the entire incinerator body 11.

[0054] As one implementation method, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the automatic temperature control device also includes three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 and a feeding mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a feeding bin 6 and a driving device. The feeding bin 6 is located at the top of the incinerator body 11, and the driving device is located at the top of the feeding bin 6. The driving device is used to control the garbage to enter the feeding bin 6. As existing technology, the driving device can be a conveyor belt or any conveying device to transport the garbage into the interior of the feeding bin 6, and then into the furnace under the action of gravity, finally falling onto the mechanical grate 13. With the movement of the mechanical grate 13, the garbage sequentially undergoes drying, combustion, and burnout. The ash and slag after combustion are discharged from the ash outlet 15. It should be noted that the ash outlet 15 is an existing mature technology. The movement process of the slag inlet 15 is not described in detail. The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion flows upward into the flue gas channel 14 and is discharged through the flue gas channel 14. The three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 include contact thermocouples 21, non-contact infrared thermal imagers 22 and acoustic thermometers 23. The contact thermocouples 21 are distributed and installed inside the furnace to obtain the temperature of the anchor point inside the furnace and to measure the temperature of the furnace bed and furnace wall at multiple points. The non-contact infrared thermal imagers 22 are fixed to the outside of the incinerator body 11 to obtain the temperature distribution of the flame area in the furnace. An observation hole 24 is opened on the outside of the incinerator body 11. A high-temperature resistant transparent insulating material is fixed on the inner wall of the observation hole 24. The component is a high-temperature resistant infrared-transmitting window component that matches the working wavelength of the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22. It can be made of quartz glass, sapphire glass, or other high-temperature resistant infrared-transmitting materials. This high-temperature resistant transparent isolation component divides the observation hole 24 into an inner high-temperature zone and an outer normal-temperature zone. The non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 is located outside this high-temperature resistant transparent isolation component, with its acquisition end face directly facing it. The high-temperature resistant transparent isolation component serves to prevent the high-temperature flue gas inside the furnace from directly impacting the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22, while allowing infrared radiation signals from inside the furnace to pass through for the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 to acquire flame radiation signals from inside the furnace. The acoustic wave measurement... The acoustic thermometer 23 is installed on the wall of the flue gas channel 14. The acoustic thermometer 23 emits and receives acoustic signals into the flue gas channel 14 to obtain the average temperature along the acoustic propagation path in the flue gas channel 14. Since this embodiment only sets a single acoustic emission and reception path for the acoustic thermometer 23, the measured value only represents the average temperature of the cross section of the flue gas channel 14 covered by the acoustic path and is not used as the basis for reconstructing the complete furnace temperature field. During the waste processing, the contact thermocouple 21 continuously measures the temperature of each anchor point inside the furnace, and the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 collects the surface temperature of the furnace flame area in real time through the observation hole 24. The acoustic thermometer 23 measures the average temperature along the cross section of the flue gas channel 14.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the automatic temperature control device also includes a control unit 3 and an air supply module 4. The control unit 3 is connected to the contact thermocouple 21, the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22, and the acoustic thermometer 23. The control unit 3 receives the temperature signals from the contact thermocouple 21, the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22, and the acoustic thermometer 23 and performs fusion processing and control decisions. The air supply module 4 adjusts the air supply volume by the control signal output by the control unit 3. The control unit 3 automatically adjusts the air supply volume of the air supply module 4 according to the temperature monitoring results to provide oxygen for the combustion of waste in the furnace. Specifically, the air supply module 4 includes a fan 41, a connecting plate 42, and an air outlet pipe 43. The air supply module 4 is described in detail below:

[0056] The blower 41 is installed on the top of the connecting plate 42, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the support frame 16. After the blower 41 is started, it draws in outside air and compresses it. The two ends of the air outlet pipe 43 are respectively connected to the output end of the blower 41 and the inside of the furnace. The compressed air is delivered to the inside of the furnace through the air outlet pipe 43, passes through the gaps of the mechanical grate 13 and enters the waste layer to provide oxygen for waste combustion. The control unit 3 adjusts the speed of the blower 41 according to the temperature monitoring results to change the air supply.

[0057] The drive unit is electrically connected to the control unit 3 and receives the speed regulation signal output by the control unit 3. At the same time, the drive unit's signal is fed back to the control unit 3. The frequency converter of the fan 41 is also connected to the control unit 3. The control unit 3 outputs the air volume adjustment signal and receives the current speed of the fan 41, the outlet air pressure, or the actual air volume feedback signal measured by the air volume meter. The auxiliary burner 81 is equipped with a flame detector and an operating status feedback interface. The control unit 3 sends start and stop commands and receives signals of successful ignition, flame presence, and operating status of the auxiliary burner 81 in real time.

[0058] Based on the temperature prediction results and the measured temperature, the control unit 3 prioritizes adjusting the speed of the fan 41 and the feeding speed. After changing the air supply and feeding amount, it confirms the execution effect through feedback signals and re-collects data from the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 for a new round of prediction and judgment. When the auxiliary burner 81 needs to be started, the control unit 3 issues a command. After receiving flame detection feedback to confirm the start of supplementary heating, it issues an exit command after the temperature recovers. Based on the stroke limit signal of the drive cylinder 95, it confirms that the auxiliary burner 81 has exited to the correct position. At the same time, the reset signal of the sealing protection mechanism 9 is fed back to the control unit 3, forming a complete closed-loop control link of "acquisition-calculation-execution-feedback-readjustment". It should be noted that the above-mentioned functions such as flame detection, stroke limit and reset signal feedback are all preferred additional functions. In actual implementation, they can be flexibly selected or omitted according to the device configuration without affecting the execution of the basic control logic.

[0059] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, a vibration dispersion mechanism 7 is provided at the bottom of the feeding bin 6 and inside the incinerator body 11, for dispersing the material entering the furnace by vibration. The vibration dispersion mechanism 7 includes two sets of symmetrically distributed vibrating plates 71, concave plates 72, and arc springs 73. The vibration dispersion mechanism 7 is described in detail below:

[0060] The two sets of vibrating plates 71 are rotatably connected to the two sets of concave plates 72 respectively. The concave plates 72 are fixed to the inner wall of the incinerator body 11. When the material falls from the feeding bin 6 into the furnace, it first impacts the surface of the two sets of vibrating plates 71. After being subjected to force, the vibrating plates 71 swing around the concave plates 72, allowing the material to fall smoothly. The two ends of the arc spring 73 are fixed to the vibrating plates 71 and the inner wall of the incinerator body 11 respectively. At the same time, the swing of the vibrating plates 71 will squeeze the arc spring 73, causing it to undergo elastic deformation. After the arc spring 73 is deformed, it stores elastic potential energy, which is then released and pushes the vibrating plates 71 to swing back and reset. The reverse swing of the vibrating plates 71 impacts the falling material and disperses it. At the same time, the reverse swing of the vibrating plates 71 will squeeze the material to prevent the material from accumulating at the discharge point of the feeding bin 6 and forming an arch bridge. During the continuous falling of the material, the vibrating plates 71 continue to perform the above actions to achieve continuous vibration dispersion and anti-blockage of the material. It should be noted that the arc spring 73 is made of high-temperature resistant alloy material.

[0061] Among them, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the automatic temperature control device also includes an auxiliary burner 81, which is movably installed on the outside of the incinerator body 11. The auxiliary burner 81 provides auxiliary heating when the furnace temperature is insufficient. An installation hole 82 is provided on the outside of the incinerator body 11, which is adapted to the output end of the auxiliary burner 81. The installation hole 82 allows the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 to extend into the furnace. A sealing and protective mechanism 9 is correspondingly provided on the outside of the installation hole 82. The sealing and protective mechanism 9 automatically closes the installation hole 82 when the auxiliary burner 81 exits the installation hole 82 and automatically yields when the auxiliary burner 81 extends into the installation hole 82. The auxiliary burner 81 is controlled by the control unit. 3. Control unit 3 is used to provide auxiliary heating when the temperature is below a preset threshold. When the control unit 3 determines that the furnace temperature is below the preset threshold, it sends a start signal, and the auxiliary burner 81 moves towards the incinerator body 11. The nozzle passes through the mounting hole 82 and extends into the furnace. The sealing and protection mechanism 9 automatically opens to make way during the movement of the auxiliary burner 81. Then, the auxiliary burner 81 sprays flames into the furnace for supplementary heating. After the supplementary heating is completed, the auxiliary burner 81 exits the mounting hole 82, and the sealing and protection mechanism 9 automatically resets and seals the mounting hole 82 to prevent high-temperature flue gas in the furnace from leaking out through the mounting hole 82. In addition, the sealing and protection mechanism 9 can also surround the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 to prevent workers from accidentally touching it and getting burned by high temperature.

[0062] As one implementation method, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the sealing and protection mechanism 9 includes two sets of symmetrically arranged protective covers 91, a sliding groove 92, two sets of fixing plates 93, and a return spring 94. The sealing and protection mechanism 9 is described in detail below:

[0063] Two sets of protective covers 91 are disposed outside the mounting holes 82. The two sets of protective covers 91 surround the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 and close the mounting holes 82. The protective covers 91 are slidably connected to the inside of the slide groove 92. The slide groove 92 is T-shaped and is used to guide the protective covers 91 to slide in a straight line. The two sets of fixing plates 93 are respectively fixed to both sides of the incinerator body 11. The two ends of the return spring 94 are respectively fixed to the fixing plate 93 and the protective cover 91. The fixing plate 93 and the protective cover 91 provide fixed support for the return spring 94. In its initial state, the auxiliary burner 81 is located outside the incinerator body 11. The two sets of protective covers 91 are brought together by the return spring 94, providing an elastic return force to bring the protective covers 91 together, surrounding the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 to prevent accidental contact by personnel. Furthermore, the two sets of protective covers 91, when brought together, jointly seal the mounting hole 82 to prevent heat leakage from the furnace chamber. A drive cylinder 95 is installed on the outside of the incinerator body 11. When the auxiliary burner 81 needs to extend into the furnace chamber, the drive cylinder 95 is activated. The output end of the drive cylinder 95 is connected to a side plate 96, which is fixedly connected to the auxiliary burner 81. The retraction of the drive cylinder 95 pulls the auxiliary burner 81 towards the mounting hole 82 via the side plate 96. A pressure block 97 is symmetrically fixed at both the top and bottom of the auxiliary burner 81, with the ends of the two pressure blocks 97 located between the two sets of protective covers 91. It should be noted that only one pressure block 97 is labeled in this embodiment; the two pressure blocks are not explicitly labeled. The blocks 97 are identical in shape and their positional relationship has been clearly stated, so it will not be elaborated further. The two pressure blocks 97 move synchronously with the auxiliary burner 81, and the inclined surfaces at the front ends of the two pressure blocks 97 gradually contact the inner sides of the two sets of protective covers 91. As the pressure blocks 97 continue to advance, the inclined surfaces of the two pressure blocks 97 synchronously apply an outward thrust to the inner sides of the two sets of protective covers 91, which is evenly distributed along the height direction. This causes the two sets of protective covers 91 to be simultaneously subjected to force at different height positions, pushing the two sets of protective covers 91 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 94 and separate from each other along the slide groove 92 (as shown). Figure 8 (As shown in the working state of the protective cover 91), the two pressure blocks 97 are set to avoid the protective cover 91 deflecting or the friction at the contact point with the slide groove 92 due to single-point force application. As the protective cover 91 moves, the mounting hole 82 is opened, and the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 extends into the furnace through the mounting hole 82. When the drive cylinder 95 extends, it pulls the auxiliary burner 81 backward. The pressure blocks 97 then move backward and gradually release the pressure on the two sets of protective covers 91. Under the elastic force of the return spring 94, the two sets of protective covers 91 move back together and return to the closed state. It should be noted that the size of the pressure block 97 is large enough that the pressure block 97 will push the protective cover 91 to move first, so the auxiliary burner 81 will not come into contact with the protective cover 91.

[0064] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, cooling modules 98 are installed on the inner walls of both sets of protective covers 91. These modules are used to reduce the temperature of the auxiliary burner 81 when the protective covers 91 surround it. As a mature existing technology, the cooling modules 98 can be any non-contact cooling device available on the market. When the auxiliary burner 81 is out of the furnace and in standby mode, the two sets of protective covers 91 move closer together under the action of the return spring 94 to surround the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81. The cooling modules 98 are activated to absorb the heat radiated from the nozzle and continuously reduce the internal temperature of the protective covers 91, preventing the nozzle from coking or aging due to high temperature radiation.

[0065] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a support rod 101 is fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary burner 81. When the drive cylinder 95 pulls the auxiliary burner 81 to move through the side plate 96, the support rod 101 fixed to the top of the auxiliary burner 81 will move synchronously. A square plate 102 is fixedly connected to the outside of the incinerator body 11. A guide groove 103 is provided at the bottom of the square plate 102. The support rod 101 is slidably connected to the inside of the guide groove 103. At this time, the support rod 101 slides synchronously along the guide groove 103 at the bottom of the square plate 102. The guide groove 103 is T-shaped to constrain the movement direction of the support rod 101, so that the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 is always aligned with the center line of the mounting hole 82, ensuring that the nozzle passes smoothly through the mounting hole 82 and extends into the furnace.

[0066] As one implementation method, such as Figure 9 As shown, the acoustic temperature sensor 23 includes an acoustic transmitter 231 and an acoustic receiver 232. The main bodies of the acoustic transmitter 231 and the acoustic receiver 232 are mounted on the outer wall of the flue gas channel 14 via flanges. The control unit 3 triggers the acoustic transmitter 231, which generates an acoustic signal and transmits it into the flue gas channel 14. The acoustic signal propagates along the cross-section of the flue gas channel 14, passes through the high-temperature flue gas, and is received by the acoustic receiver 232 at the corresponding position. The acoustic receiver 232 converts the received acoustic signal into an electrical signal and transmits it back to the control unit 3. The control unit 3 calculates the average temperature along the acoustic propagation path based on the acoustic wave travel time.

[0067] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the control unit 3 is equipped with a data fusion module and a predictive control module;

[0068] The data fusion module aligns the signals from the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 by timestamp, uses a sliding window statistical method to identify outliers (deviation from the mean ± 3 standard deviations or deviation between adjacent measuring points > 150℃), and fills in missing values ​​using linear interpolation. Based on the inherent accuracy of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 (contact thermocouple 21 ± 5℃, non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 ± 10℃, and acoustic thermometer 23 ± 8℃) and signal consistency, weights are dynamically assigned. The point temperature of the contact thermocouple 21 is directly used as the anchor point value; the infrared domain of the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 is mapped to obtain the two-dimensional temperature of the flame zone; and the acoustic thermometer 23 measures the average cross-sectional temperature of the flue gas channel 14 via a single acoustic path (representing only this area), without reconstructing the overall furnace temperature field. Finally, a weighted output of temperature estimates for each key area is generated, producing a regional temperature distribution map and marking low-temperature areas.

[0069] The predictive control module takes the past 10-minute regional temperature sequence, current fan 41 and feeding mechanism feedback as inputs, and uses a time series model (such as ARIMA) to predict the minimum temperature in the next 5 minutes. If the predicted value is lower than the set value, the air and material are adjusted first, and the prediction is re-integrated after 30 seconds. If it is still low, the auxiliary burner 81 is started in advance. If the measured critical area or furnace outlet is lower than 850°C for 30 seconds, forced heating is performed, regardless of the predicted value.

[0070] An automatic temperature control method for a municipal solid waste incinerator, the method comprising the following steps:

[0071] S1. Feeding and incineration: Waste enters the furnace through the feeding bin 6, and after being dispersed by the vibration dispersion mechanism 7, it falls into the mechanical grate 13, completing drying, combustion and burnout in sequence. Ash and slag are discharged from the slag outlet 15, and flue gas enters the flue gas passage 14.

[0072] S2. Temperature acquisition: Contact thermocouple 21 measures the temperature of the furnace anchor point, non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 acquires the temperature of the flame area, acoustic thermometer 23 measures the average temperature of the acoustic propagation path in the flue gas channel 14, and three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 transmit the temperature signal to the control unit 3.

[0073] S3, Regional temperature estimation: The control unit 3 calls the data fusion module to align the signals of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2, and then uses the sliding window method to identify outliers and perform linear interpolation to complete them. Based on the accuracy and consistency of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2, weights are assigned, and the temperature estimates of each region are output in a weighted manner. A temperature distribution map of the key areas of the furnace is generated and the low-temperature area is marked.

[0074] S4. Predictive control: Based on temperature field data and the current air volume and feeding speed of the blower 41, the control unit 3 predicts the minimum furnace temperature in the next 5 minutes. When the predicted value is lower than the set temperature, the air supply volume is first adjusted by the blower 41 and the feeding speed is adjusted. If there is still a risk of low temperature, the auxiliary burner 81 is started to extend into the furnace for supplementary heating. When the measured temperature in the key combustion area of ​​the furnace or the furnace outlet area is lower than 850°C and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the auxiliary burner 81 is forcibly started to perform safety interlock supplementary heating until the temperature recovers and then the supplementary heating is stopped.

[0075] In this embodiment, waste enters the furnace through the feeding bin 6. During its descent, it impacts the vibration dispersion mechanism 7. The vibrating plate 71 swings around the concave plate 72 and squeezes the arc spring 73. After the arc spring 73 deforms, it pushes the vibrating plate 71 to swing in the opposite direction, dispersing the material and preventing it from accumulating at the discharge point of the feeding bin 6. The dispersed material falls onto the mechanical grate 13 and, with the movement of the mechanical grate 13, sequentially completes drying, combustion, and burnout. The ash after combustion is discharged from the ash outlet 15, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion flows upward into the flue gas channel 14. During the incineration process, the contact thermocouple 21 continuously measures the temperature of each anchor point inside the furnace, and the non-contact infrared thermal imager 22 collects the temperature of the flame area in the furnace in real time through the high-temperature resistant transparent isolation piece. The sound wave transmitter 231 emits a signal into the flue gas channel 14, and the sound wave receiver 232 receives the signal to measure the average temperature along the sound wave propagation path. The three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 transmit their respective collected temperatures. The signal is transmitted to the control unit 3. The data fusion module of the control unit 3 uses the system clock as a reference to synchronize and align the signals of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors 2 according to the timestamp, remove abnormal data and fill in missing values, and then assigns a reliable weight according to the working status and signal consistency of each sensor. It measures the temperature of the furnace and flue gas channel 14, performs fusion calculation on the temperature of each area, outputs the temperature value of each area and generates a temperature distribution map of the key areas of the furnace, and marks the location of the low temperature zone. The prediction and control module of the control unit 3 calculates the predicted value of the lowest furnace temperature in the next 5 minutes based on the continuously collected temperature field data and the current air volume of the blower 41 and the feeding speed of the feeding mechanism. When the predicted value is lower than the set temperature, the control unit 3 first sends a signal to the blower 41 to adjust the air supply, and at the same time sends a speed adjustment signal to the feeding mechanism to adjust the feeding speed, so as to increase the furnace temperature by increasing the oxygen supply and changing the amount of waste fed.

[0076] If the predicted temperature still poses a risk of low temperature after adjusting the air volume and feeding speed, the control unit 3 sends a preheating start signal to the auxiliary burner 81 in advance. The drive cylinder 95 retracts, pulling the auxiliary burner 81 towards the mounting hole 82 via the side plate 96. The two pressure blocks 97 move synchronously with the auxiliary burner 81, pushing the two sets of protective covers 91 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 94 and separate along the slide groove 92. The mounting hole 82 opens, and the nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81 extends into the furnace through the mounting hole 82 for reheating. After reheating is completed, the drive cylinder 95 extends, pulling the auxiliary burner 81 backward out of the furnace. The pressure block 97 gradually releases its pressure on the two sets of protective covers 91. Under the elastic force of the return spring 94, the two sets of protective covers 91 move closer together again to restore the sealing of the mounting hole 82 and surround the flame nozzle of the auxiliary burner 81. During the above process, when the measured temperature of the key combustion area or the furnace outlet area output by the data fusion module is lower than 850°C and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the control unit 3 directly sends a forced start signal to the auxiliary burner 81 to perform safety interlock supplementary heating until the temperature recovers to above the safe value and then stops supplementary heating, thereby realizing closed-loop automatic control of the temperature of the municipal solid waste incinerator.

[0077] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator, comprising an incinerator body (11), wherein the incinerator body (11) includes a furnace chamber, a mechanical grate (13) is provided inside the furnace chamber, a flue gas passage (14) is connected to the top of the incinerator body (11), a slag outlet (15) is provided on the outer side of the furnace chamber, and a support frame (16) is connected to the bottom end of the incinerator body (11), characterized in that, Also includes: Three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors (2) include contact thermocouples (21), non-contact infrared thermal imagers (22) and acoustic thermometers (23). The contact thermocouples (21) are distributed and installed inside the furnace. The non-contact infrared thermal imagers (22) are fixed to the outside of the incinerator body (11). An observation hole (24) is provided on the outside of the incinerator body (11). A high-temperature resistant transparent isolation component is fixed on the inner wall of the observation hole (24). The non-contact infrared thermal imagers (22) are located outside the high-temperature resistant transparent isolation component. The acquisition end face of the non-contact infrared thermal imagers (22) is facing the high-temperature resistant transparent isolation component. The acoustic thermometers (23) are installed on the wall of the flue gas channel (14). The control unit (3) is connected to the contact thermocouple (21), the non-contact infrared thermal imager (22), and the acoustic thermometer (23); Air supply module (4), wherein the air supply volume is adjusted by the control signal output by the control unit (3); The feeding mechanism includes a feeding bin (6) and a driving device. The feeding bin (6) is located at the top of the incinerator body (11), and the driving device is located at the top of the feeding bin (6). The driving device is used to control the garbage to enter the feeding bin (6). A vibration dispersion mechanism (7) is provided at the bottom of the feeding bin (6) and inside the incinerator body (11) to vibrate and disperse the material entering the furnace. An auxiliary burner (81) is movably installed on the outside of the incinerator body (11). An installation hole (82) is provided on the outside of the incinerator body (11). The installation hole (82) is adapted to the output end of the auxiliary burner (81). A sealing and protective mechanism (9) is provided on the outside of the installation hole (82). The sealing and protective mechanism (9) automatically closes the installation hole (82) when the auxiliary burner (81) exits the installation hole (82) and automatically makes way when the auxiliary burner (81) extends into the installation hole (82). The auxiliary burner (81) is controlled by the control unit (3) and is used to provide auxiliary heating when the temperature is below a preset threshold.

2. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply module (4) includes a fan (41), a connecting plate (42) and an air outlet pipe (43). The fan (41) is installed on the top of the connecting plate (42). The connecting plate (42) is fixed to the outside of the support frame (16). The two ends of the air outlet pipe (43) are respectively connected to the output end of the fan (41) and the inside of the furnace.

3. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration dispersion mechanism (7) includes two sets of symmetrically distributed vibrating plates (71), concave plates (72), and arc springs (73). The two sets of vibrating plates (71) are rotatably connected to the two sets of concave plates (72). The concave plates (72) are fixed to the inner wall of the incinerator body (11). The two ends of the arc springs (73) are fixed to the vibrating plates (71) and the inner wall of the incinerator body (11), respectively. When the material falls, it impacts the vibrating plates (71). The vibrating plates (71) swing to make the material fall smoothly and squeeze the arc springs (73). After the arc springs (73) deform, they provide a reaction force to push the vibrating plates (71) to swing in the opposite direction, impact and disperse the material. At the same time, the reciprocating swing of the vibrating plates (71) squeezes the material to prevent the material from accumulating at the discharge point of the feeding bin (6).

4. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing and protection mechanism (9) includes two sets of symmetrically arranged protective covers (91), a sliding groove (92), two sets of fixing plates (93), and a return spring (94). The two sets of protective covers (91) are located outside the mounting hole (82). The protective covers (91) are slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove (92). The two sets of fixing plates (93) are respectively fixed to both sides of the incinerator body (11). The two ends of the return spring (94) are respectively fixed to the fixing plate (93) and the protective cover (91). In the initial state, the auxiliary burner (81) is located outside the incinerator body (11). The two sets of protective covers (91) move closer to each other under the action of the return spring (94) to surround the nozzle of the auxiliary burner (81). The two sets of protective covers (91) together seal the mounting hole (82) in the close-up state to prevent the internal heat of the furnace from leaking.

5. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that, A drive cylinder (95) is provided on the outside of the incinerator body (11). The output end of the drive cylinder (95) is connected to a side plate (96). The side plate (96) is fixedly connected to the auxiliary burner (81). The top and bottom ends of the auxiliary burner (81) are symmetrically fixed with pressure blocks (97). The ends of the two pressure blocks (97) are located between the two sets of protective covers (91).

6. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both sets of protective covers (91) are equipped with cooling modules (98) on their inner walls to reduce the temperature of the auxiliary burner (81) when the protective cover (91) surrounds it.

7. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary burner (81) is fixedly connected to the top of a support rod (101), and a square plate (102) is fixedly connected to the outside of the incinerator body (11). A guide groove (103) is provided at the bottom of the square plate (102), and the support rod (101) is slidably connected to the inside of the guide groove (103).

8. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic temperature sensor (23) includes an acoustic transmitter (231) and an acoustic receiver (232), the main bodies of which are mounted on the outer wall of the flue gas passage (14) via flanges.

9. The automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control unit (3) is equipped with a data fusion module and a prediction and control module; The data fusion module receives the sensing signals of three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors (2), unifies the sampling time of the three types of signals according to the timestamp, removes abnormal data and fills in missing values, and then assigns reliable weights according to the working status and signal consistency of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors (2), measures the regional temperature of the furnace and flue gas channel (14), outputs each temperature value and generates a temperature distribution map of the key area of ​​the furnace, and marks the location of the low temperature area. The prediction and control module calculates the predicted minimum furnace temperature for the next 5 minutes based on the continuously collected temperature field data and the current air volume of the blower (41) and the speed of the feeding mechanism. When the predicted value is lower than the set temperature, the air supply volume is adjusted by the blower (41) and the feeding rhythm of the feeding mechanism is adjusted in conjunction to make the garbage in the furnace more evenly distributed and reduce the risk of local low temperature. If the risk of low temperature still exists after adjustment, the auxiliary burner (81) is started in advance for preheating. When the measured temperature of the key combustion area of ​​the furnace or the furnace outlet area is lower than 850°C and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the auxiliary burner (81) is directly and forcibly started for supplementary heating.

10. A method for automatically controlling the temperature of a municipal solid waste incinerator, applied to the automatic temperature control device for a municipal solid waste incinerator as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Feeding and incineration: The waste enters the furnace through the feeding bin (6), and after being dispersed by the vibration dispersion mechanism (7), it falls into the mechanical grate (13) to complete drying, combustion and burnout in sequence. The ash is discharged from the slag outlet (15), and the flue gas enters the flue gas passage (14). S2. Temperature acquisition: a contact thermocouple (21) measures the temperature of the furnace anchor point, a non-contact infrared thermal imager (22) collects the surface temperature of the flame zone, an acoustic thermometer (23) measures the average temperature of the acoustic propagation path in the flue gas channel (14), and three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors (2) transmit the temperature signal to the control unit (3). S3, Regional temperature estimation, the control unit (3) calls the data fusion module, after aligning the signals of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors (2), the sliding window method is used to identify outliers and linear interpolation is used to complete them. The weights are assigned according to the accuracy and consistency of the three types of heterogeneous temperature sensors (2), and the weighted output of the temperature estimation of each region is generated to generate the temperature distribution map of the key areas of the furnace and mark the low temperature area. S4. Predictive control: The control unit (3) predicts the minimum furnace temperature in the next 5 minutes based on the temperature field data and the current air volume and feeding speed of the blower (41). When the predicted value is lower than the set temperature, the air supply volume is adjusted by the blower (41) and the feeding speed is adjusted. If there is still a risk of low temperature, the auxiliary burner (81) is started to extend into the furnace for heat supplementation. When the measured temperature of the key combustion area or furnace outlet area is lower than 850°C and lasts for more than 30 seconds, the auxiliary burner (81) is forcibly started to perform safety interlock heat supplementation until the temperature recovers and then the heat supplementation is stopped.

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