A solar energy collector for a tomato growing bed solar heating device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of solar heating, and especially relates to a heat collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device, which comprises a frame body, a header box and a tail seat fixedly installed on the top and the bottom of the frame body respectively, a solar heat collecting component, a plurality of installation openings formed in the bottom of the header box, a plurality of heat collecting pipes, the top ends of the plurality of heat collecting pipes being sealingly and fixedly installed in the plurality of installation openings respectively, and a plurality of ash removal components, the plurality of ash removal components being sleeved on the plurality of heat collecting pipes respectively, the ash removal component comprising a plurality of scraping rings slidingly sleeved on the heat collecting pipes, the plurality of scraping rings being fixedly connected through a connecting rod, and the plurality of ash removal components being controlled to move upward together through a pneumatic component. The present application can automatically scrape off the dust, pollen and willow catkins and other attachments on the outer surface of the heat collecting pipes by sleeving a plurality of ash removal components on the heat collecting pipes and driving the scraping rings to synchronously slide along the heat collecting pipes in the axial direction through the pneumatic component, so that the light transmission surface is prevented from being shielded by impurities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar heating technology, and in particular to a solar collector for a solar heating device for tomato planting beds. Background Technology

[0002] The solar collector for tomato growing beds is a key piece of equipment for ensuring the temperature of greenhouse tomatoes. The core structure includes a frame, header, tailstock, multiple vacuum collector tubes, and inlet and outlet water pipes. The frame provides overall support, and the header and tailstock are fixed to the top and bottom of the frame, respectively, serving as the mounting carrier for the collector tubes. The tops of the multiple vacuum collector tubes are sealed and fixed to the header, and the bottoms are connected to the tailstock. A water outlet pipe is located on one side of the header, and a water inlet pipe is located on the top. The water inlet pipe is controlled by an electrically controlled valve. The overall structure is simple and widely used in agricultural greenhouse solar heating scenarios.

[0003] Under sunlight, multiple solar collectors simultaneously absorb water from the solar heating tubes. The hot water is collected in the manifold and then transported to the heating pipes of the planting bed through the outlet pipe, providing a suitable temperature for tomato growth. When the system detects that the water level is lower than the preset value, the electrically controlled valve automatically opens, and cold water from the storage tank flows into the manifold through the inlet pipe and replenishes each solar collector. Once the water level reaches the target, the valve closes to ensure the continuous heating capacity of the solar collector.

[0004] However, in the outdoor environment of greenhouses, dust, pollen, willow catkins and other impurities easily adhere to the outer surface of the heat collection tubes. These deposits will block the light-transmitting surface of the heat collection tubes, significantly reducing the light transmittance and solar energy absorption efficiency, thereby affecting the heating effect and heating stability. In the long run, this will seriously affect the heating quality of tomato planting beds and restrict the practical application value of solar heating devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the following shortcomings in the prior art: impurities easily adhere to the outer surface of the heat collection tube, which can block the light transmission surface, significantly reduce the light transmission flux and solar energy absorption efficiency of the heat collection tube, thereby affecting the heating effect and heating stability. Therefore, this invention proposes a heat collector for a solar heating device for tomato planting beds.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A solar collector for a tomato growing bed solar heating system includes:

[0008] The frame has a header and a tailstock fixedly installed at its top and bottom, respectively. A water outlet pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the header, and a water inlet pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the header. The water inlet pipe is controlled to open and close by an electrically controlled valve.

[0009] A solar collector component, comprising multiple collector tubes for absorbing solar energy and heating the internal medium, wherein multiple mounting ports are equidistantly provided at the bottom of the manifold, and the top ends of the multiple collector tubes are respectively sealed and fixedly installed in the multiple mounting ports, and the bottom ends are fixedly connected to the tailstock.

[0010] Multiple sets of cleaning components are respectively sleeved on multiple heat collection tubes. Each cleaning component includes multiple scraper rings that are equidistantly slidably sleeved on the heat collection tubes. The multiple scraper rings are fixedly connected by connecting rods. The multiple sets of cleaning components are controlled to move upward together by pneumatic components.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the electrically controlled valve includes a drive motor and a valve core. The valve core is sealed and rotatably disposed inside the water inlet pipe. A support frame is fixedly installed on the back of the manifold. The drive motor is fixedly installed on the surface of the support frame, and the output shaft of the drive motor passes through the water inlet pipe and is fixedly connected to the valve core.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the pneumatic component includes a rectangular plate, an insert plate, and a bellows fixedly installed on the back of the manifold. The top of the rectangular plate has a slot, and the insert plate is slidably inserted into the slot. The bottom of the rectangular plate is fixedly connected to a vent pipe. One end of the bellows is fixedly connected to one end of the vent pipe, and the other end is fixedly installed with a movable plate. The multiple scraper rings located at the top are fixedly connected to the movable plate via L-shaped rods. The insert plate is controlled to move vertically by a transmission component.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the transmission component includes an I-beam wheel fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the drive motor and a hinge rod. The top of the insert plate has a horizontal opening, and a rotating shaft is horizontally rotatably installed inside both the horizontal opening and the I-beam wheel. The two ends of the hinge rod are respectively rotatably sleeved on the two rotating shafts.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, an installation cylinder is fixedly installed at one end of the heat collection tube inside the installation port. A pair of semicircular plates are symmetrically slidably provided on the top of the installation cylinder. The surface of the semicircular plates is provided with a semicircular opening. The two semicircular openings abut each other to form a water inlet for water passage. The diameter of the water inlet is smaller than the diameter of the top opening of the heat collection tube. The semicircular plates are slidably connected to the manifold through a sliding component. The relative movement of multiple pairs of semicircular plates is controlled by a pressing component.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the sliding component includes an I-shaped slider, and the bottom wall of the manifold has multiple pairs of sliding openings. Each pair of sliding openings is symmetrically distributed around each mounting port. Multiple sliders are slidably installed in multiple sliding openings, and the top and bottom of the sliders cover the top and bottom openings of the sliding openings, respectively, to achieve sealing of the sliding openings. Multiple sliders are fixedly connected to multiple semi-circular plates by L-shaped connecting rods.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the pressing component includes multiple pairs of L-shaped abutments. Each pair of L-shaped abutments is fixedly installed on the top of an uppermost scraper ring, and each pair of L-shaped abutments is staggered. An inclined rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the slider. The inclined rod has an inclined opening on its surface. Two adjacent inclined rods are arranged in a mirror image symmetrically. The tops of the multiple L-shaped abutments are slidably installed in multiple inclined openings, and the surface of the L-shaped abutment slides in contact with the opening wall of the inclined opening.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, a frustum-shaped guide block is vertically slidably installed inside the mounting cylinder via a mounting component. The mounting component includes two L-shaped blocks symmetrically and fixedly installed at the bottom of the guide block. The inner wall of the mounting cylinder is symmetrically and vertically provided with sliding grooves. The bottom ends of the two L-shaped blocks are slidably installed in the two sliding grooves respectively. The diameter of the top end face of the guide block is smaller than the diameter of the bottom end face. The top of the guide block corresponds to the position of the water inlet, and a space is reserved between the bottom side wall of the guide block and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder for water to flow down the wall. The movement of the guide block is controlled by a tensioning component.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the tensioning component includes multiple mounting blocks and multiple pull ropes. The mounting blocks are respectively fixedly mounted on the top of multiple semi-circular plates, and the pull ropes are respectively located between two mounting blocks above each pair of semi-circular plates. The two ends of the pull ropes are respectively fixedly connected to two mounting blocks. A connecting block is fixedly mounted on the top of the guide block, and the multiple connecting blocks are respectively fixedly sleeved on the middle of the multiple pull ropes.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the surface of the connecting block is horizontally mounted with multiple circular shafts in a circumferential shape. One end of each circular shaft is fixedly mounted with a teardrop-shaped crossbar. The surface of the connecting block is circumferentially provided with multiple arc-shaped limiting grooves distributed around the multiple circular shafts. One end of each crossbar facing the connecting block is fixedly mounted with a limiting block. One end of each limiting block is slidably mounted in the multiple limiting grooves. The sharp edge of the crossbar is inclined downwards. The wall of the water inlet is horizontally provided with multiple right-angled trapezoidal abutments in a circumferential shape. The abutments correspond to the positions of the multiple crossbars.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. By installing multiple sets of dust removal components on the heat collection tube, and using pneumatic components to drive the scraper ring to slide synchronously along the axial direction of the heat collection tube, dust, pollen and willow catkins and other adhering substances on the outer surface of the heat collection tube can be automatically scraped off, preventing impurities from blocking the light-transmitting surface.

[0022] 2. By using transmission components to link the drive motor of the electrically controlled valve with the pneumatic mechanism of the dust removal component, when the valve is opened to replenish water, the drive motor synchronously drives the insert plate to move through the I-beam wheel and hinge rod, causing the bellows to extend and retract, driving the scraper ring to move upward to remove dust. After the water replenishment is completed, the valve is closed and the scraper ring is reset, realizing integrated linkage control of "water replenishment and dust removal". No additional power source is required, which simplifies the structure and improves the operating efficiency of the equipment, adapting to the automation needs of large-scale greenhouse planting.

[0023] 3. A pair of symmetrically arranged semicircular plates and semicircular openings on the surface form an adjustable water inlet, enabling automatic switching between "large opening for normal heating" and "small opening for water filling". During normal heating, the semicircular plates open to match the diameter of the water inlet with the opening at the top of the collector tube, ensuring a large flow of water circulation between the water tank and the collector tube, maximizing the solar heat exchange efficiency. When adding water, the semicircular plates close to reduce the diameter of the water inlet, reducing the inflow rate and effectively preventing air bubbles from entering the tube, avoiding air blockage that affects heat exchange, and adapting to the water flow requirements under different operating conditions.

[0024] 4. The top of the frustum-shaped guide block precisely aligns with the water inlet formed by the semi-circular plate, and is linked to the semi-circular plate via a pull rope. When water is added, the pull rope loosens, causing the guide block to fall to the working position. The water flows through the water inlet to the conical surface of the guide block and is automatically dispersed in all directions under the guidance of the conical surface, flowing evenly and slowly along the inner wall of the heat collector tube. This avoids the water flowing directly into the tube and generating turbulent air bubbles, further preventing air from mixing in. Together with the "reduction of flow" of the semi-circular plate, it forms a synergistic anti-air bubble mechanism, preventing air blockage in the tube from both the "reduction of flow" and "direction of flow". During normal heating, the pull rope is tightened to lift and retract the guide block, keeping it away from the water circulation channel, so as not to obstruct the large-flow water exchange between the heat collector tube and the water tank.

[0025] 5. By setting a rotatable teardrop-shaped crossbar on the connecting block, and cooperating with the limiting groove, the limiting block and the notch at the water inlet, the crossbar's posture can be adaptively switched according to the working conditions. It can break up the rising eddy current of hot water, reduce flow resistance and guide hot water evenly when not adding water, and it can also cut and distribute the falling water flow in a swirling manner when adding water, and synergistically improve the effect of bubble blocking and anti-air blockage. At the same time, it reduces water flow impact and noise, and protects the inner wall of the collector tube. The structure is simple and requires no additional power, which significantly improves the operating stability and heat exchange efficiency of the collector. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front three-dimensional structural diagram of a solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device proposed in this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the multiple sets of dust removal components in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional structure at the junction box in this invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the back of a solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device proposed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the pneumatic component in this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the water inlet pipe and the electrically controlled valve in this invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a bottom-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the manifold and the heat collection pipe in this invention;

[0035] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged structural diagram at point D;

[0036] Figure 11 for Figure 8 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0037] Figure 12 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting cylinder in this invention;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the semi-circular plate and the guide block when water is being added in this invention;

[0040] Figure 15 for Figure 13 Enlarged structural diagram at point E;

[0041] Figure 16 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting block and the flow guide block in this invention;

[0042] Figure 17 for Figure 16 Enlarged structural diagram at point F;

[0043] Figure 18This is a schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of the semicircular plate, guide block, and crossbar in the present invention when water is being added.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Frame, 2. Manifold, 3. Tailstock, 4. Heat collector tube, 5. Mounting port, 6. Scraper ring, 7. Connecting rod, 8. Water outlet pipe, 9. Water inlet pipe, 10. Drive motor, 11. Valve core, 12. Rectangular plate, 13. Insert plate, 14. Corrugated pipe, 15. Vent pipe, 16. Moving plate, 17. L-shaped rod, 18. I-beam wheel, 19. Hinge rod, 20. Mounting cylinder, 21. Semicircular plate, 22. Semicircular opening, 23. Slider, 24. Sliding port, 25. Connecting rod, 26. L-shaped abutment, 27. Diagonal rod, 28. Diagonal opening, 29. Guide block, 30. L-shaped block, 31. Slide groove, 32. Mounting block, 33. Pull rope, 34. Connecting block, 35. Support frame, 36. Round shaft, 37. Crossbar, 38. Limiting groove, 39. Limiting block, 40. Abutment. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating system includes:

[0047] Frame 1, with header 2 and tailstock 3 fixedly installed at the top and bottom respectively. A water outlet pipe 8 is fixedly installed on one side of header 2, and a water inlet pipe 9 is fixedly installed on the top of header 2. Figure 7 As shown, the water inlet pipe 9 is controlled to open and close by an electrically controlled valve. The electrically controlled valve includes a drive motor 10 and a valve core 11. The valve core 11 is sealed and rotatably disposed inside the water inlet pipe 9. A support frame 35 is fixedly installed on the back of the manifold 2. The drive motor 10 is fixedly installed on the surface of the support frame 35, and the output shaft of the drive motor 10 passes through the water inlet pipe 9 and is fixedly connected to the valve core 11.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The solar collector component includes multiple collector tubes 4 for absorbing solar energy and heating the internal medium, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the manifold 2 has multiple installation ports 5 at equal intervals. The top ends of multiple heat collection tubes 4 are sealed and fixedly installed in the multiple installation ports 5, and the bottom ends are fixedly connected to the tailstock 3.

[0049] Reference Figure 2Multiple sets of cleaning components are respectively fitted onto multiple heat collection tubes 4. Each cleaning component includes multiple scraper rings 6 equidistantly sliding on the heat collection tubes 4. The scraper rings 6 are made of a light-transmitting composite material and include a light-transmitting base layer and a hard cleaning layer. The light-transmitting base layer is made of high-transmittance polycarbonate material, and the hard cleaning layer is a ceramic coating fixed to the inner side of the light-transmitting base layer. This allows solar energy to pass through while simultaneously removing impurities from the surface of the heat collection tubes 4. Multiple scraper rings 6 are fixedly connected by connecting rods 7. Figure 5 As shown, multiple sets of dust removal components move upwards together under the control of pneumatic components. The pneumatic components include a rectangular plate 12, an insert plate 13, and a bellows 14 fixedly installed on the back of the manifold 2. The top of the rectangular plate 12 has a slot, and the insert plate 13 is slidably inserted into the slot. A vent pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rectangular plate 12. One end of the bellows 14 is fixedly connected to one end of the vent pipe 15, and a movable plate 16 is fixedly installed at the other end. Multiple scraper rings 6 located at the top are fixedly connected to the movable plate 16 via L-shaped rods 17. Figure 6 As shown, the insertion plate 13 is controlled to move vertically by a transmission component. The transmission component includes an I-beam wheel 18 fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the drive motor 10 and a hinge rod 19. The top of the insertion plate 13 has a horizontal opening. A rotating shaft is horizontally rotatably installed in both the horizontal opening and the I-beam wheel 18. The two ends of the hinge rod 19 are respectively rotatably sleeved on the two rotating shafts.

[0050] During normal heat collection and heating, the frame 1 provides stable support for the entire device. The manifold 2 and the tail seat 3 are fixed to the top and bottom of the frame 1, respectively. The top ends of multiple heat collection pipes 4 are sealed and fixed to the bottom of the manifold 2 through the installation port 5, and the bottom ends are fixedly connected to the tail seat 3 to ensure the installation stability and sealing of the heat collection pipes 4. The heat collection pipes 4 adopt a vacuum heat collection structure, which can efficiently absorb solar energy and heat the water flowing in the pipes. The heated hot water is collected in the manifold 2 and then transported to the heating pipeline of the tomato planting bed through the water outlet pipe 8 on one side of the manifold 2, providing a continuous and stable heat supply for tomato growth.

[0051] When the water level is detected to be lower than the preset value, water replenishment is required through the inlet pipe 9. The electric control valve is activated, the drive motor 10 is powered on and runs, and its output shaft drives the valve core 11 to rotate in the inlet pipe 9, so that the water path of the inlet pipe 9 is open. The cold water in the greenhouse's supporting water storage tank flows into the manifold 2 through the inlet pipe 9, and then replenishes the manifold 2 and each heat collection pipe 4.

[0052] At the same time, the output shaft of the drive motor 10 synchronously drives the transmission components to operate. The I-beam wheel 18, which is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft, rotates together with the output shaft. Since the two ends of the hinge rod 19 are respectively rotatably sleeved in the horizontal opening at the top of the I-beam wheel 18 and the insert plate 13 through the rotating shaft, when the I-beam wheel 18 rotates, it pushes the insert plate 13 to slide downward along the slot at the top of the rectangular plate 12 through the hinge rod 19. The volume of the sealed cavity formed by the rectangular plate 12 and the insert plate 13 changes, so that the gas in the cavity enters the bellows 14 through the vent pipe 15 at the bottom, pushing the bellows 14 to extend and driving the moving plate 16 to move upward.

[0053] The movable plate 16 is fixedly connected to the uppermost scraper ring 6 on each heat collector tube 4 via multiple L-shaped rods 17. Therefore, when the movable plate 16 moves, it synchronously drives all the scraper rings 6 to slide upward along the axial direction of the heat collector tube 4. The scraper ring 6 is made of a light-transmitting composite material. Its light-transmitting base layer is a high-light-transmittance polycarbonate material, and the inner ceramic coating forms a hard cleaning layer. During the sliding process, the hard cleaning layer can efficiently scrape off dust, pollen, willow catkins and other impurities adsorbed on the outer surface of the heat collector tube 4. The light-transmitting base layer can ensure that the solar energy is normally incident and does not affect the heat collection efficiency. At the same time, multiple scraper rings 6 are fixedly connected by connecting rods 7, so that multiple scraper rings 6 on the same heat collector tube 4 move synchronously, improving the cleaning coverage and cleaning effect.

[0054] When the water level in the manifold 2 and the collector tube 4 reaches the preset height, the electric control valve controls the drive motor 10 to run in reverse, the valve core 11 rotates to close the water passage of the inlet pipe 9, and the water replenishment operation is completed. At this time, the output shaft of the drive motor 10 drives the I-beam wheel 18 to rotate in reverse, and pulls the insert plate 13 to slide upward along the slot to reset through the hinge rod 19. The gas in the bellows 14 flows back to the sealing cavity of the rectangular plate 12. The bellows 14 contracts and drives the moving plate 16 to reset. The scraper ring 6 slides downward along the axial direction of the collector tube 4 to perform secondary cleaning of the surface of the collector tube 4. Finally, it returns to the initial position, and the device returns to the normal heat collection and heating state.

[0055] Reference Figures 8-10 A mounting cylinder 20 is fixedly installed at one end of the collector tube 4 inside the mounting port 5. A pair of semi-circular plates 21 are symmetrically slidably mounted on the top of the mounting cylinder 20. Semi-circular openings 22 are formed on the surface of each semi-circular plate 21. The two semi-circular openings 22 abut against each other to form a water inlet. The diameter of the water inlet is smaller than the opening diameter at the top of the collector tube 4. Figure 3 and 11As shown, the semicircular plate 21 is slidably connected to the manifold 2 via a sliding component. The sliding component includes an I-shaped slider 23. Multiple pairs of sliding openings 24 are provided on the bottom wall of the manifold 2. Each pair of sliding openings 24 is symmetrically distributed around each mounting opening 5. Multiple sliders 23 are slidably installed within the multiple sliding openings 24, with the top and bottom of the sliders 23 respectively covering the top and bottom openings of the sliding openings 24 to achieve a sealing effect. Multiple sliders 23 are fixedly connected to multiple semicircular plates 21 via L-shaped connecting rods 25. Figure 12 As shown, multiple pairs of semicircular plates 21 are controlled to move relative to each other by a pressing component. The pressing component includes multiple pairs of L-shaped abutments 26. Each pair of L-shaped abutments 26 is fixedly installed on the top of a scraper ring 6 located at the top, and each pair of L-shaped abutments 26 is staggered. A slanted rod 27 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the slider 23. A slanted opening 28 is opened on the surface of the slanted rod 27. Two adjacent slanted rods 27 are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner. The tops of multiple L-shaped abutments 26 are slidably installed in multiple slanted openings 28, and the surface of the L-shaped abutments 26 is in sliding contact with the opening wall of the slanted opening 28.

[0056] In operation, multiple L-shaped abutments 26 are located at the bottom of multiple inclined openings 28, while multiple pairs of semicircular plates 21 located in the manifold 2 are in a separated, open state. That is, the semicircular plates 21 are detached from the top opening area of ​​the mounting cylinder 20, allowing the top of the heat collection tube 4 to be fully connected to the inside of the manifold 2 through the mounting port 5. This ensures that the water between the manifold 2 and the heat collection tube 4 can achieve high-flow circulation. At the same time, the top and bottom of the slider 23 tightly cover the top and bottom openings of the sliding port 24, forming a reliable sealing structure. This effectively prevents hot water in the manifold 2 from leaking through the gap between the sliding port 24 and the slider 23, ensuring the sealing and stability of the water circulation and guaranteeing the heat collection efficiency.

[0057] When water needs to be added, multiple pairs of L-shaped abutments 26 located at the top of the uppermost scraper ring 6 move upwards synchronously with the scraper ring 6. Since each pair of L-shaped abutments 26 is staggered and their tops are respectively embedded in the inclined openings 28 on the surface of the inclined rod 27, and adjacent two inclined rods 27 are mirror-symmetrically distributed and fixedly connected to the bottom of the slider 23, during the upward movement of the L-shaped abutments 26, their outer walls make continuous sliding contact with the inclined walls of the inclined openings 28. The inclined structure of the inclined openings 28 will convert the vertical driving force of the L-shaped abutments 26 into a horizontal thrust, pushing the two mirror-symmetrical inclined rods 27 closer to each other, thereby driving the corresponding sliders 23 to slide towards the center of the mounting port 5 along the sliding opening 24. The sliders 23 pull a pair of semi-circular plates 21 closer to each other at the top of the mounting cylinder 20 through the L-shaped connecting rod 25, until the semi-circular openings 22 on the surfaces of the two semi-circular plates 21 are completely aligned and tightly abutted, forming a complete circular water inlet. The diameter of this water inlet is smaller than the opening diameter at the top of the heat collection tube 4.

[0058] The core effect of this water inlet, with a diameter smaller than the opening at the top of the collector tube 4, is to slow down the water inflow rate and prevent air bubbles from entering the collector tube 4, thus avoiding air blockage inside the tube. This is because the cold water flowing into the manifold 2 from the inlet pipe 9 has a certain downward impact force, and the water flow mixes and tumbles with the existing hot water in the manifold 2, easily carrying a large amount of air to form bubbles. If the opening at the top of the collector tube 4 is directly open, these water flows carrying air bubbles will rush into the collector tube 4 in batches at a relatively fast speed. The air bubbles are difficult to expel inside the tube and will remain on the inner wall or top area of ​​the collector tube 4, forming an air blockage. This will cause a significant reduction in the heat exchange area inside the collector tube 4, resulting in insufficient contact between the hot water and the heat absorption surface of the collector tube 4. This will not only reduce the solar energy absorption and heat exchange efficiency, but may also damage the vacuum coating of the collector tube 4 due to overheating in localized areas without water, affecting its service life.

[0059] The small-diameter water inlet formed by the closure of the semi-circular plate 21, according to the principles of fluid mechanics, reduces the amount of water entering a single heat collector tube per unit time when the water flows through the small-diameter channel under the same inlet flow rate. This significantly reduces the impact force of the water flow on the bottom of the tube, avoiding water turbulence and bubble generation caused by rapid water flow. In addition, the small-diameter water inlet is equivalent to a "screening channel". Larger bubbles carried in the water flow cannot enter the heat collector tube 4 because their volume is larger than the diameter of the water inlet. Smaller bubbles, under the action of slow water flow, will gradually float to the water surface in the manifold 2 and be discharged, thus effectively blocking the bubbles.

[0060] After water replenishment is completed, the drive motor 10 reverses, the scraper ring 6 returns to its original position along the axial direction of the heat collection tube 4, the L-shaped push rod 26 moves down synchronously with the scraper ring 6, the inclined opening 28 is subjected to the reverse horizontal thrust of the L-shaped push rod 26, the slider 23 slides and returns to its original position along the sliding opening 24 in a direction away from the center of the installation opening 5, thereby causing the two semi-circular plates 21 to separate from each other, the water inlet is fully opened, the top of the heat collection tube 4 returns to the high-flow circulation state of being fully connected with the manifold 2, and the device returns to normal heat collection and heating operation.

[0061] Reference Figure 13Inside the mounting cylinder 20, a frustum-shaped guide block 29 is vertically slidably mounted via mounting components. The mounting components include two symmetrically fixed L-shaped blocks 30 at the bottom of the guide block 29. The inner wall of the mounting cylinder 20 has symmetrically vertically formed grooves 31. The bottom ends of the two L-shaped blocks 30 are slidably mounted within the two grooves 31. The diameter of the top end face of the guide block 29 is smaller than the diameter of the bottom end face. The top of the guide block 29 corresponds to the position of the water inlet, and a space is reserved between the bottom side wall of the guide block 29 and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 20 for water to flow down the wall. The flow guide block 29 is controlled to move by a tensioning component, which includes multiple mounting blocks 32 and multiple pull ropes 33. The multiple mounting blocks 32 are fixedly installed on the top of multiple semi-circular plates 21, and the multiple pull ropes 33 are located between two mounting blocks 32 above each pair of semi-circular plates 21. The two ends of the pull ropes 33 are fixedly connected to the two mounting blocks 32 respectively. A connecting block 34 is fixedly installed on the top of the flow guide block 29. The multiple connecting blocks 34 are fixedly sleeved in the middle of the multiple pull ropes 33. The size of the connecting block 34 is smaller than the diameter of the water inlet.

[0062] Under normal heat collection and heating operation, the semicircular plate 21 is in its fully open state, separated from each other. At this time, the two mounting blocks 32 move synchronously with the semicircular plate 21 away from the center of the mounting opening 5 to their extreme positions, and the distance between them reaches its maximum. The pull rope 33 is fully taut and straightened, generating an upward lifting force. Since the middle of the pull rope 33 is fixedly connected to the connecting block 34, this lifting force is transmitted to the guide block 29 through the connecting block 34, causing the guide block 29 to slide upward along the slide groove 31 until the top of the L-shaped block 30 touches the top limiting surface of the slide groove 31. At this time, the guide block 29 will be completely moved out of the mounting cylinder 20 and located outside the top of the mounting cylinder 20 and inside the manifold 2. In this state, there is no obstruction inside the mounting cylinder 20, and the top of the heat collection pipe 4 is completely connected to the manifold 2 through the mounting cylinder 20, ensuring that the water between the manifold 2 and the heat collection pipe 4 can achieve high flow and unobstructed circulation, maximizing the solar heat exchange efficiency and meeting the continuous heating needs of the tomato planting bed.

[0063] When water needs to be added, the drive motor 10 rotates, causing the scraper ring 6 to move upward. This, through the pressing component, pushes the semi-circular plates 21 to move towards each other, gradually closing to form a small-diameter water inlet. Figure 14As shown, during this process, the two mounting blocks 32 move towards the center of the mounting port 5 synchronously with the semicircular plate 21, and the distance between them gradually decreases. The originally taut pull rope 33 gradually loosens, and the lifting force on the connecting block 34 disappears. Under its own gravity, the guide block 29 slowly slides down along the slide groove 31 and gradually enters the interior of the mounting cylinder 20 until the bottom end of the L-shaped block 30 touches the bottom limiting surface of the slide groove 31. At this time, the guide block 29 is in the working position, with its top aligned with the central axis of the water inlet, and the frustum-shaped conical surface covering the area below the water inlet. The annular gap between the bottom side wall of the guide block 29 and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 20 remains unobstructed.

[0064] When the water flows downward through the small-diameter inlet, it first impacts the top conical surface of the guide block 29. Due to the guiding effect of the conical surface, the originally falling columnar water flow is evenly distributed to various directions of the conical surface, avoiding the tumbling and bubbles caused by the water flow directly impacting the bottom of the collector tube 4. At the same time, the frustum-shaped structure allows the water flow after being distributed to flow downward along the conical surface, smoothly transitioning to the bottom side wall of the guide block 29, and then slowly flowing downward along the annular gap between the side wall and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 20. Finally, it is evenly distributed along the inner wall of the collector tube 4 and fills the tube. Throughout the process, the water flow is always in contact with the wall surface, forming a stable slow flow along the wall, avoiding the generation of bubbles caused by the diffusion and tumbling of the water flow in the collector tube 4, and further enhancing the anti-bubble effect of the small-diameter inlet.

[0065] After water replenishment is completed, the drive motor 10 reverses, the scraper ring 6 resets and causes the semicircular plates 21 to separate from each other, and the mounting block 32 moves away from the center synchronously with the semicircular plates 21, the distance between the two increases again, the pull rope 33 is tightened and straightened again, and an upward lifting force is generated through the connecting block 34, which drives the guide block 29 to slide upward along the slide groove 31 until it is completely removed from the mounting cylinder 20 and returns to the initial position inside the manifold 2. The device resumes normal heat collection and heating state. Throughout the process, the sliding cooperation between the L-shaped block 30 and the slide groove 31 always ensures the stability and accuracy of the displacement of the guide block 29, ensuring that its top is precisely aligned with the water inlet when in the working position, and does not affect the large flow circulation of water when in the reset state.

[0066] Reference Figures 14-18 The surface of the connecting block 34 is horizontally rotatably mounted with multiple circular shafts 36. One end of each circular shaft 36 is fixedly mounted with a teardrop-shaped crossbar 37. The surface of the connecting block 34 is circumferentially provided with multiple arc-shaped limiting grooves 38 distributed around the multiple circular shafts 36. One end of the crossbar 37 facing the connecting block 34 is fixedly mounted with a limiting block 39. One end of each limiting block 39 is slidably mounted in the multiple limiting grooves 38. The sharp edge of the crossbar 37 is inclined downward. The wall of the water inlet is horizontally circumferentially provided with multiple right-angled trapezoidal abutments 40, which correspond to the positions of the multiple crossbars 37.

[0067] In non-water-filling conditions, the guide block 29 is located outside the mounting cylinder 20, and multiple crossbars 37 hang down naturally under the action of gravity. The limiting block 39 at its end abuts against the bottom wall of the limiting groove 38 to achieve the limiting position. At this time, the sharp edge of the crossbar 37 remains tilted downward.

[0068] When the heated hot water in the collector tube 4 flows upward into the manifold 2 through the mounting cylinder 20, it forms a local upward vortex. The multiple sharp-edged, downward-sloping horizontal bars 37 located outside the mounting cylinder 20 can break the vortex generated during the upward flow of the hot water, suppress water flow turbulence, significantly reduce the flow resistance of the hot water circulating between the manifold 2 and the collector tube 4, and reduce circulation energy consumption. At the same time, the downward-sloping horizontal bars 37 are evenly distributed around the circumference, which can guide and divert the rising hot water, and evenly direct the concentrated rising hot water to the surrounding area of ​​the manifold 2, avoiding local high temperature or low temperature phenomena inside the manifold 2, improving the water temperature uniformity inside the manifold 2, ensuring stable hot water output temperature, and ensuring uniform and reliable heating effect for the tomato planting bed.

[0069] When water is added, the two semi-circular plates 21 approach each other and close to form a water inlet. The guide block 29 moves down into the installation cylinder 20. Multiple crossbars 37 move down synchronously with the connecting block 34 and enter the corresponding abutments 40. The lower surface of the crossbars 37 abuts and presses against the inclined wall of the abutment 40. Under the guidance of the inclined wall, the crossbars 37 are pushed to rotate around the circular shaft 36, so that the sharp edge of the crossbars 37 automatically switches from tilted downward to tilted upward. During this process, multiple limiting blocks 39 move upward in multiple limiting grooves 38 respectively.

[0070] At this time, multiple horizontal bars 37 form an upward turbulence-causing tooth structure in a circumferential distribution, which can swirl and cut the water flow falling from the water inlet and distribute the water evenly. This disperses the concentrated, straight-flowing water flow into multiple uniform fine streams, avoiding the water flow from concentrating and impacting the conical surface of the guide block 29, which would cause the water to churn. At the same time, the upward-facing sharp edges can powerfully break up the air bubbles carried during the water intake process, cutting large air bubbles into smaller ones and promoting their rapid upward floating and discharge. This works synergistically with the constriction and flow reduction of the semi-circular plate 21 and the slow-flow distribution of the guide block 29, further improving the air bubble blocking and anti-air blockage effect. This maximizes the integrity and stability of the effective heat exchange area inside the heat collector tube 4. The cut and dispersed water flow falls smoothly and gently onto the conical surface of the guide block 29 and is evenly guided around the conical surface, further reducing the impact force of the water flow, reducing water flow noise and equipment vibration, protecting the inner wall of the heat collector tube 4 from water flow erosion damage, and improving the stability, safety, and service life of the equipment during the water filling process.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar collector for a solar heating system for tomato planting beds, characterized in that, include: The frame (1) has a header (2) and a tailstock (3) fixedly installed at the top and bottom respectively. A water outlet pipe (8) is fixedly installed on one side of the header (2), and a water inlet pipe (9) is fixedly installed on the top of the header (2). The water inlet pipe (9) is controlled to open and close by an electric valve. The solar collector component includes multiple collector tubes (4) for absorbing solar energy and heating the internal medium. The bottom of the manifold (2) is provided with multiple installation ports (5) at equal intervals. The top ends of the multiple collector tubes (4) are sealed and fixedly installed in the multiple installation ports (5), and the bottom ends are fixedly connected to the tailstock (3). Multiple sets of cleaning components are respectively sleeved on multiple heat collection tubes (4). Each cleaning component includes multiple scraper rings (6) that are equidistantly slidably sleeved on the heat collection tubes (4). The multiple scraper rings (6) are fixedly connected by connecting rods (7). The multiple sets of cleaning components are controlled to move upward together by pneumatic components.

2. The collector for a solar heating device for a tomato planting bed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrically controlled valve includes a drive motor (10) and a valve core (11). The valve core (11) is sealed and rotatably disposed inside the water inlet pipe (9). A support frame (35) is fixedly installed on the back of the manifold (2). The drive motor (10) is fixedly installed on the surface of the support frame (35), and the output shaft of the drive motor (10) passes through the water inlet pipe (9) and is fixedly connected to the valve core (11).

3. The solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pneumatic components include a rectangular plate (12), an insert plate (13), and a bellows (14) fixedly installed on the back of the manifold (2). The rectangular plate (12) has a slot at the top, and the insert plate (13) is sealed and slidably inserted into the slot. The bottom of the rectangular plate (12) is fixedly connected to a vent pipe (15). One end of the bellows (14) is fixedly connected to one end of the vent pipe (15), and the other end is fixedly installed with a movable plate (16). The multiple scraper rings (6) located at the top are fixedly connected to the movable plate (16) through an L-shaped rod (17). The insert plate (13) is controlled to move vertically through a transmission component.

4. The solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission component includes an I-beam wheel (18) fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the drive motor (10) and a hinge rod (19). The top of the insert plate (13) is provided with a horizontal opening. A rotating shaft is horizontally installed in both the horizontal opening and the I-beam wheel (18). The two ends of the hinge rod (19) are respectively rotatably sleeved on the two rotating shafts.

5. A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat collection tube (4) is fixedly installed with an installation cylinder (20) at one end inside the installation port (5). A pair of semi-circular plates (21) are symmetrically slidably provided on the top of the installation cylinder (20). A semi-circular opening (22) is opened on the surface of the semi-circular plate (21). The two semi-circular openings (22) abut against each other to form a water inlet for water passage. The diameter of the water inlet is smaller than the opening diameter at the top of the heat collection tube (4). The semi-circular plate (21) is slidably connected to the manifold (2) through a sliding component. Multiple pairs of semi-circular plates (21) are controlled to move relative to each other through a pressing component.

6. A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sliding component includes an I-shaped slider (23). The bottom wall of the manifold (2) has multiple pairs of sliding openings (24). Each pair of sliding openings (24) is symmetrically distributed around each mounting port (5). Multiple sliders (23) are slidably installed in multiple sliding openings (24). The top and bottom of the sliders (23) cover the top and bottom openings of the sliding openings (24) respectively, thereby sealing the sliding openings (24). Multiple sliders (23) are fixedly connected to multiple semi-circular plates (21) through L-shaped connecting rods (25).

7. A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressing component includes multiple pairs of L-shaped abutments (26). Each pair of L-shaped abutments (26) is fixedly installed on the top of a scraper ring (6) located at the topmost point. Each pair of L-shaped abutments (26) is staggered. A slanted rod (27) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the slider (23). The slanted rod (27) has a slanted opening (28) on its surface. Two adjacent slanted rods (27) are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner. The tops of multiple L-shaped abutments (26) are slidably installed in multiple slanted openings (28), and the surface of the L-shaped abutment (26) slides in contact with the opening wall of the slanted opening (28).

8. A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A frustum-shaped guide block (29) is vertically slidably installed inside the mounting cylinder (20) via an installation component. The installation component includes two L-shaped blocks (30) symmetrically fixedly installed at the bottom of the guide block (29). The inner wall of the mounting cylinder (20) is symmetrically and vertically provided with sliding grooves (31). The bottom ends of the two L-shaped blocks (30) are respectively slidably installed in the two sliding grooves (31). The diameter of the top end face of the guide block (29) is smaller than the diameter of the bottom end face. The top of the guide block (29) corresponds to the position of the water inlet. A space is reserved between the bottom side wall of the guide block (29) and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder (20) for water to flow down the wall. The guide block (29) is moved by a tensioning component.

9. A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tensioning component includes multiple mounting blocks (32) and multiple pull ropes (33). The multiple mounting blocks (32) are fixedly installed on the top of multiple semi-circular plates (21). The multiple pull ropes (33) are located between two mounting blocks (32) above each pair of semi-circular plates (21), and the two ends of the pull ropes (33) are fixedly connected to the two mounting blocks (32) respectively. A connecting block (34) is fixedly installed on the top of the guide block (29), and the multiple connecting blocks (34) are fixedly sleeved on the middle of the multiple pull ropes (33).

10. A solar collector for a tomato planting bed solar heating device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The surface of the connecting block (34) is horizontally mounted with multiple circular shafts (36) in a circumferential shape. One end of the circular shaft (36) is fixedly mounted with a teardrop-shaped crossbar (37). The surface of the connecting block (34) is circumferentially provided with multiple arc-shaped limiting grooves (38) distributed around the multiple circular shafts (36). One end of the crossbar (37) facing the connecting block (34) is fixedly mounted with a limiting block (39). One end of the multiple limiting blocks (39) is slidably mounted in the multiple limiting grooves (38). The sharp edge of the crossbar (37) is inclined downward. The wall of the water inlet is horizontally provided with multiple abutments (40) with right-angled trapezoidal cross sections in a circumferential shape. The abutments (40) correspond to the positions of the multiple crossbars (37).

Images