Rock slope blasting vibration recording device with protection function

Abstract

The application discloses a mine rock slope blasting vibration recording device with a protection function, which comprises a fixed base, a vibration sensor, an annular damping pad, a sleeve, a supporting sleeve and a spherical protective cover.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine blasting vibration monitoring technology, specifically a blasting vibration recording device for rock slopes with protective functions. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mining operations, blasting is the primary method for breaking ore and rock, but the vibrations generated by blasting can adversely affect slope stability. To control the hazards of blasting vibrations, vibration meters are often installed on the slope to monitor vibration data in real time, and blasting parameters are adjusted accordingly to prevent slope instability and safety accidents.

[0003] The working environment at blasting sites on rock slopes is extremely harsh: the high-speed flying rocks, strong shock waves, large amounts of dust, and rainwater generated by blasting can easily cause physical damage and environmental erosion to precision vibration meters, leading to equipment failure or even complete scrapping. Although existing technologies include protective enclosures for vibration meters, these devices mostly use simple enclosure structures with poor protective effects, cannot effectively cope with flying rock impacts and shock wave impacts, and are inconvenient to install.

[0004] More importantly, existing protective devices and vibration meters often use rigid or simple flexible connections. The additional vibration generated by the impact on the protective box will be directly superimposed on the measurement signal, resulting in serious distortion of the monitoring data. This makes it difficult to accurately reflect the true vibration response of the rock mass, and thus affects the accurate assessment of the slope safety status.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vibration recording device for blasting on rock slopes with protective functions to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vibration recording device for blasting on a rock slope with protective function, comprising: a fixed base for rigidly installing on the rock slope, with a mounting column fixedly disposed at its center; a vibration sensor installed on the top of the mounting column for detecting blasting vibration signals; an annular damping pad disposed on the upper surface of the fixed base; a sleeve whose lower end is supported on the annular damping pad; a support sleeve slidably disposed on the outside of the sleeve; and a spherical protective cover slidably disposed on the upper end of the support sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, the upper end face of the support sleeve is provided with a spherical mounting surface adapted to the spherical protective cover. Multiple spherical sockets are evenly provided on the spherical mounting surface, and ball bearings are rotatably disposed in the spherical sockets. The spherical protective cover is slidably mounted on the spherical mounting surface through the multiple ball bearings and can be deflected in any direction.

[0008] Preferably, the outer side of the support sleeve is provided with a plurality of first hooks evenly arranged circumferentially; the inner side of the spherical protective cover is provided with a plurality of second hooks evenly arranged circumferentially, and a first spring is connected between the first hooks and the second hooks.

[0009] Preferably, the first spring is a tension spring, and the first hook is close to the lower end face of the support sleeve, while the second hook is close to the upper end face of the support sleeve, so that the first spring is arranged at an angle.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of second springs are provided between the support sleeve and the sleeve; the second springs are compression springs, which are evenly distributed circumferentially in the annular space between the sleeve and the support sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the sleeve has multiple sliding cavities along its circumference, and the support sleeve has multiple limiting slide rods fixedly arranged along its circumference. The limiting slide rods are slidably arranged along the sliding cavities, and the second spring is sleeved on the outside of the limiting slide rods.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a limiting boss, and the lower end face of the support sleeve is provided with a limiting step that cooperates with the limiting boss, so as to limit the maximum downward stroke of the support sleeve.

[0013] Preferably, the second spring and the annular shock absorber are configured such that the stiffness of the annular shock absorber is less than the initial stiffness of the second spring, the annular shock absorber preferentially absorbs small energy impacts to form a first-level buffer, and the second spring absorbs large energy impacts to form a second-level buffer.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a vibration recording device for blasting on a rock slope with protective function, which has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, by designing a non-rigid connection between the vibration sensor and the protective structure, false vibrations generated by impacts on the protective cover are avoided from being superimposed on the measurement signal, ensuring the accuracy of the detection signal. At the same time, the series-connected annular damping pad and the second spring provide graded buffering, and the multi-directional deflection of the spherical protective cover effectively absorbs the impact of flying stones of different energy levels, protecting the internal sensor. The first spring provides a restoring torque after the spherical protective cover deflects, automatically centering it. The second spring and the annular damping pad return to their original shape after the impact, allowing for multiple uses without manual intervention. In addition, a spherical mounting surface and ball bearings are provided between the spherical protective cover and the support sleeve, changing sliding friction to rolling friction to reduce wear. Furthermore, the modular design of each component allows for quick replacement of the annular damping pad, the first spring, the second spring, and the ball bearings, making maintenance easier. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the fixed base, sleeve and support sleeve in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support sleeve in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spherical protective cover in this invention; In the diagram: 1. Fixed base; 11. Mounting column; 2. Vibration sensor; 3. Annular shock absorber; 4. Sleeve; 41. Second spring; 42. Sliding cavity; 43. Limiting boss; 5. Support sleeve; 51. Spherical mounting surface; 52. Ball bearing; 53. First hook; 54. Limiting slide rod; 55. Limiting step; 6. Spherical protective cover; 61. Second hook; 62. First spring. Detailed Implementation

[0016] Please see Figures 1-5 In this embodiment of the invention, a vibration recording device for blasting of a rock slope with protective function includes a fixed base 1, a vibration sensor 2, an annular damping pad 3, a sleeve 4, a support sleeve 5, and a spherical protective cover 6.

[0017] The fixing base 1 is made of a circular steel plate. The fixing base 1 has 4 to 6 through holes for inserting expansion bolts (or chemical anchors) to rigidly install the fixing base 1 onto the flat surface of the slope rock mass. An installation column 11 is integrally formed or welded at the center of the fixing base 1. The vibration sensor 2 is fixed to the top of the installation column 11. The signal line of the vibration sensor 2 is led out from the hollow channel inside the installation column 11 and connected to an external data acquisition instrument or wireless transmission module through a waterproof connector. The sensor is used to detect the particle vibration velocity or acceleration signal generated by blasting.

[0018] The annular shock absorber 3 is made of polyurethane elastomer material and is in the shape of a ring. The annular shock absorber 3 is attached to the annular groove on the upper surface edge of the fixed base 1 with weather-resistant adhesive to prevent displacement. The sleeve 4 is a cylindrical component. The lower end of the sleeve 4 is supported on the upper surface of the annular shock absorber 3. In order to prevent the sleeve 4 from detaching from the annular shock absorber 3, a pressure ring can be set at the lower end of the sleeve 4, or a bolt (but not pressed) can be used for guidance through the annular shock absorber 3.

[0019] The support sleeve 5 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve 4; the support sleeve 5 is cylindrical, and the inner wall of the support sleeve 5 can be provided with a self-lubricating sliding layer (such as PTFE+copper powder composite material) to reduce friction and improve wear resistance; the support sleeve 5 and the sleeve 4 can slide relative to each other in the vertical direction to achieve buffer stroke.

[0020] The spherical protective cover 6 is a hemispherical shell, formed by stamping wear-resistant steel plate. The spherical protective cover 6 is placed on the upper end of the support sleeve 5, and its inner surface forms rolling contact with the upper end surface of the support sleeve 5.

[0021] In practice, the vibration sensor 2 is rigidly connected to the fixed base 1 via the mounting column 11, directly sensing the vibration of the rock mass; while the external protective components (annular shock absorber 3, sleeve 4, support sleeve 5, spherical protective cover 6) only provide impact protection and are not rigidly connected to the sensor, thereby achieving the separation of the measurement path and the interference path.

[0022] like Figure 4 As shown, in order to achieve multi-directional deflection and force relief of the spherical protective cover 6, this embodiment has a spherical mounting surface 51 on the upper end face of the support sleeve 5 that is adapted to the inner surface of the spherical protective cover 6; multiple spherical recesses are evenly provided on the spherical mounting surface 51, and a ball bearing 52 is rotatably disposed in each spherical recess, with the ball bearing 52 protruding from the spherical mounting surface 51; the spherical protective cover 6 is supported on the spherical mounting surface 51 by multiple balls bearing 52 rolling, and can deflect freely in any direction; this ball bearing spherical support structure allows the spherical protective cover 6 to rotate flexibly when subjected to oblique impact, converting the impact kinetic energy into rotational kinetic energy, and avoiding the generation of large frictional resistance.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to provide a restoring force after the spherical protective cover 6 deflects, this embodiment is provided with a restoring spring structure; a plurality of first hooks 53 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the outer side of the support sleeve 5, and the first hooks 53 are close to the lower end face of the support sleeve 5; a plurality of second hooks 61 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the inner side of the spherical protective cover 6, and the second hooks 61 are close to the upper end face of the support sleeve 5; a first spring 62 is connected between the first hook 53 and the corresponding second hook 61; the first spring 62 is preferably a tension spring, and in the initial state, the first spring 62 is in a tensioned state. Since the first hook 53 is located below and the second hook 61 is located above, the first spring 62 is arranged at an angle. This allows the first spring 62 to provide both radial and circumferential tension, so that the spherical protective cover 6 can be in the center position under the balance of the tension of multiple first springs 62. When the spherical protective cover 6 is deflected by the impact of flying stones, the first spring 62 on the side of the deflection direction is further stretched, while the first spring 62 on the opposite side is relaxed. The spring force generates a restoring torque, driving the spherical protective cover 6 back to the center position.

[0024] like Figure 2As shown, in order to achieve vertical graded buffering, multiple second springs 41 are provided between the support sleeve 5 and the sleeve 4. The second springs 41 are compression springs, which are evenly distributed in the annular space between the sleeve 4 and the support sleeve 5 along the circumference. The axis of the second springs 41 is arranged in the vertical direction. When the flying stone hits the spherical protective cover 6, the spherical protective cover 6 decomposes the force and transmits the vertical force to the support sleeve 5. The support sleeve 5 slides downward relative to the sleeve 4, compressing the second springs 41 and converting the impact energy into the elastic potential energy of the spring.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to guide the sliding of the support sleeve 5 and prevent the second spring 41 from becoming laterally unstable, this embodiment has multiple sliding cavities 42 (e.g., cylindrical holes or square holes) circumferentially opened on the sleeve 4, and multiple limiting slide rods 54 are fixedly arranged circumferentially on the support sleeve 5; the limiting slide rods 54 are slidably arranged along the sliding cavity 42, and the second spring 41 is sleeved on the outside of the limiting slide rod 54; the length of the limiting slide rod 54 should be greater than the maximum compression of the second spring 41 to ensure that it remains guiding under extreme impact; a lubricating bushing can be provided on the inner wall of the sliding cavity 42.

[0026] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in order to prevent the support sleeve 5 from slipping off the sleeve 4 or causing damage to the spring coil when subjected to excessive impact, a limiting structure is provided in this embodiment; a limiting boss 43 is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 4, and a limiting step 55 that cooperates with the limiting boss 43 is provided on the lower end face of the support sleeve 5; when the support sleeve 5 slides down to the limit position, the limiting step 55 contacts the limiting boss 43, thereby limiting the maximum downward stroke of the support sleeve 5; and an elastic buffer pad (such as a polyurethane pad) can be attached to the upper surface of the limiting boss 43 or the lower surface of the limiting step 55 to reduce rigid collision.

[0027] In this embodiment, the second spring 41 and the annular shock absorber 3 are configured such that the stiffness of the annular shock absorber 3 is less than the initial stiffness of the second spring 41; the annular shock absorber 3 preferentially absorbs small energy impacts to form a first-level buffer, and the second spring 41 absorbs large energy impacts to form a second-level buffer.

[0028] It should be noted that when the spherical protective cover 6 is impacted, the impact force transmission path is: flying stone → spherical protective cover 6 → support sleeve 5 → second spring 41 → sleeve 4 → annular shock absorber 3 → fixed base 1; that is, the annular shock absorber 3 and the second spring 41 are connected in series. When a small flying stone hits, the annular shock absorber 3 is compressed first to absorb low-energy impact. When the impact energy is large, the annular shock absorber 3 is compressed to the bottom (or almost to the bottom), and the sleeve 4 basically stops moving down. At this time, the impact force is mainly absorbed by the support sleeve 5 compressing the second spring 41, forming a second-level buffer. This graded buffer design ensures the sensitivity of the device under small impacts (avoiding that the impact force is directly transmitted to the base due to excessively stiff buffering) and ensures sufficient buffer stroke and energy absorption capacity under large impacts.

[0029] Work process T1. Before blasting, install this device at the slope measuring point to be monitored via the fixed base 1, adjust the level, and connect the sensor signal line; after starting the recorder, the device is in the ready-to-trigger state.

[0030] T2. When the blast occurs, the resulting flying debris or shock wave may impact the spherical protective shield 6: When the impact is a small flying stone: the spherical protective cover 6 deflects slightly and moves downward slightly as a whole; at this time, the annular shock-absorbing pad 3 is compressed, while the second spring 41 is almost undeformed; the deflection of the spherical protective cover 6 is restored by the first spring 62, and it quickly returns to its original position after the impact.

[0031] When the impact is a large flying rock: the annular shock absorber 3 is quickly compressed to its limit, and the sleeve 4 comes into close contact with the fixed base 1 (or through the buffer pad); then, the support sleeve 5 begins to compress the second spring 41 significantly, and at the same time, the spherical protective cover 6 deflects significantly through the ball bearing 52, decomposing the lateral impact force into rotational motion and spring compression; throughout the process, the vibration sensor 2 is rigidly connected to the fixed base 1, and the fixed base 1 is coupled with the large mass rock mass of the slope, so the direct impact acceleration it receives is much smaller than the acceleration of the protective structure. The sensor mainly measures the actual rock blasting vibration signal, rather than the interference signal from the impact of the protective cover.

[0032] T3. After blasting, the operator can remove the gravel and dust from the surface of the spherical protective cover 6, check whether the ball bearing 52 is stuck, whether the spring is deformed, and whether the shock-absorbing pad is cracked. If everything is normal, the next monitoring can be carried out.

[0033] In summary, this invention avoids the superposition of false vibrations caused by impacts on the protective cover into the measurement signal by designing a non-rigid connection between the vibration sensor 2 and the protective structure, thus ensuring the accuracy of the detection signal. Simultaneously, the series connection of the annular shock-absorbing pad 3 and the second spring 41 for graded buffering, along with the multi-directional deflection force relief of the spherical protective cover 6, effectively absorbs impacts from flying stones of different energy levels, protecting the internal sensor. Furthermore, the first spring 62 provides a restoring torque after the spherical protective cover 6 deflects, automatically centering it. The second spring 41 and the annular shock-absorbing pad 3 return to their original shape after the impact, allowing for multiple uses without manual intervention. In addition, the spherical mounting surface 51 and ball bearings 52 between the spherical protective cover 5 and the support sleeve 5 change sliding friction to rolling friction, thereby reducing wear. The modular design of each component allows for quick replacement of the annular shock-absorbing pad 3, the first spring 62, the second spring 41, and the ball bearings 52, further facilitating maintenance.

[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration recording device for blasting on a rock slope with protective function, characterized in that, include: A fixed base (1) is used for rigid installation on the slope rock mass, and an installation column (11) is fixedly installed at its center; Vibration sensor (2) is installed on the top of the mounting column (11) to detect blasting vibration signals; An annular shock-absorbing pad (3) is disposed on the upper surface of the fixed base (1); The sleeve (4) is supported at its lower end on the annular shock-absorbing pad (3); The support sleeve (5) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve (4); A spherical protective cover (6) and a sliding cover are located at the upper end of the support sleeve (5).

2. The vibration recording device for blasting of mineral and rock slopes with protective function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the support sleeve (5) is provided with a spherical mounting surface (51) that is adapted to the spherical protective cover (6). Multiple spherical sockets are evenly provided on the spherical mounting surface (51), and ball bearings (52) are rotatably arranged in the spherical sockets. The spherical protective cover (6) is slidably mounted on the spherical mounting surface (51) through the multiple ball bearings (52) and can be deflected in any direction.

3. The blasting vibration recording device for mineral and rock slopes with protective function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the support sleeve (5) is uniformly provided with a plurality of first hooks (53) along the circumferential direction; The inner side of the spherical protective cover (6) is uniformly provided with a plurality of second hooks (61) along the circumference, and a first spring (62) is connected between the first hook (53) and the second hooks (61).

4. The protective vibration recording device for blasting on a rock slope according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first spring (62) is a tension spring, and the first hook (53) is close to the lower end face of the support sleeve (5), and the second hook (61) is close to the upper end face of the support sleeve (5), so that the first spring (62) is arranged at an angle.

5. The vibration recording device for blasting of mineral and rock slopes with protective function according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of second springs (41) are provided between the support sleeve (5) and the sleeve (4); The second spring (41) is a compression spring, which is evenly distributed circumferentially in the annular space between the sleeve (4) and the support sleeve (5).

6. The vibration recording device for blasting of mineral and rock slopes with protective function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sleeve (4) has multiple sliding cavities (42) circumferentially arranged on the upper sleeve (4), and multiple limiting slide rods (54) are fixedly arranged circumferentially on the upper support sleeve (5). The limiting slide rods (54) are slidably arranged along the sliding cavity (42), and the second spring (41) is sleeved on the outside of the limiting slide rod (54).

7. The blasting vibration recording device for mineral and rock slopes with protective function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the sleeve (4) is provided with a limiting boss (43), and the lower end face of the support sleeve (5) is provided with a limiting step (55) that cooperates with the limiting boss (43) to limit the maximum downward stroke of the support sleeve (5).

8. A vibration recording device for blasting of mineral and rock slopes with protective function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second spring (41) and the annular shock absorber (3) are configured such that the stiffness of the annular shock absorber (3) is less than the initial stiffness of the second spring (41), the annular shock absorber (3) preferentially absorbs small energy impacts to form a first-level buffer, and the second spring (41) absorbs large energy impacts to form a second-level buffer.

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