A field forestry environment monitoring device and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of field forestry environment monitoring device and system, belong to environmental monitoring technical field, it includes installation vertical pole, installation fixed mechanism, environmental perception module, edge collection control module, self-supporting power supply module, wireless communication module;The installation fixed mechanism is assembled in the bottom of installation vertical pole, in the present application, by building local sensing, double feedback closed loop of cloud remote instruction, built-in regulation and control unit is combined with environmental data, battery capacity determines fire risk grade, automatically adjusts collection interval and radio frequency power, high fire risk period encryption monitoring, reduce power consumption in low-risk, low power state;Adjustable photovoltaic module fully absorbs light energy, supporting charge and discharge protection circuit, ensure cloudy and rainy days, night continuous power supply, equipment is with local storage, offline cache data when communication interruption, network resumes after breakpoint continuation, will not lose monitoring record, can be carried out unattended monitoring work in no power supply forest area long-term stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically a field forestry environmental monitoring device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Forest resources are a core component of my country's terrestrial ecosystem, possessing multiple ecological functions such as soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation. However, forests are highly susceptible to fires when vegetation dries out, with rapid fire spread and high extinguishing difficulty. Once a fire breaks out, it causes widespread damage to trees and the ecological environment, seriously threatening the lives and property of surrounding communities. Currently, most of China's natural forests, public welfare forests, and nature reserves are located in remote areas such as deep mountains, valleys, and hills. These areas have few roads, undulating terrain, and dense vegetation. The traditional monitoring model relying on forest rangers' foot patrols has significant shortcomings: manual patrols have limited coverage, patrol frequency is constrained by labor costs, and 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring of the entire area is impossible. High temperatures and drought make it difficult to detect early signs of fires in a timely manner. Furthermore, long-term ecological observation of forest soil, vegetation, and meteorology relies on manual fixed-point sampling, resulting in poor data timeliness and continuity, making it difficult to support the analysis of forest ecological evolution patterns.

[0003] While existing field forestry environmental monitoring equipment can collect basic meteorological and fire data, it still suffers from numerous unavoidable technical defects in complex forest conditions, resulting in low overall practicality and intelligence. Firstly, the design of the equipment's support poles is rigid, with most adopting a single, integrated pole structure at the factory. This prevents flexible adjustment of the pole's overall height based on the actual height of surrounding shrubs, weeds, and saplings. Low poles are easily obscured by vegetation, blocking the top sensors for temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed, directly distorting monitoring data and hindering accurate fire risk assessment. Secondly, the monitoring operation mode is inflexible. The equipment can only collect data at fixed time intervals and transmit wireless signals at constant power, lacking a closed loop between local sensor data feedback and remote cloud command feedback. In high-fire-risk scenarios such as hot, dry forest areas and low moisture content of combustibles, it cannot automatically shorten the collection cycle for more intensive monitoring, leading to delayed fire warnings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a field forestry environment monitoring device and system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a field forestry environment monitoring device, comprising an installation pole, an installation and fixing mechanism, an environmental sensing module, an edge acquisition and control module, a self-sustaining power supply module, and a wireless communication module;

[0006] The installation and fixing mechanism is assembled at the bottom of the installation pole, and the environmental sensing module, edge acquisition and control module, and self-supporting power supply module are fixed to the pole body from top to bottom.

[0007] The self-supporting power supply module includes a photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic bracket, with the photovoltaic bracket locked and fixed to the mounting pole.

[0008] The edge acquisition control module has a built-in local storage unit and a feedback control unit; the feedback control unit receives data collected by the environmental perception module to form a local sensing feedback link, and is equipped with an adaptive acquisition cycle mathematical model.

[0009] ;

[0010] In the formula, To enable real-time adaptive acquisition cycle, Based on the collection cycle, This is the fire hazard adjustment factor. This refers to the real-time fire risk index for forest areas. This is a battery power correction function;

[0011] The wireless communication module is electrically connected to the edge acquisition control module and includes a LoRa radio frequency unit and a cellular communication unit. It is used to realize node self-organizing network relay and bidirectional transmission of remote commands to form a remote command feedback link.

[0012] The self-sustaining power supply module provides power to the environmental sensing module, the edge acquisition and control module, and the wireless communication module.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the formula for calculating the fire risk index is:

[0014] ;

[0015] in, These are the weighting coefficients, and ; Let the moisture content of the combustible material be the influence function. Let be the function of air temperature influence. Let wind speed be the influence function. This is a rainfall correction function.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the installation and fixing mechanism includes splicing blocks, protrusions, grooves, insertion holes, and fastening bolts; adjacent splicing blocks are positioned by inserting protrusions and grooves, and fastening bolts pass through insertion holes to complete splicing and locking, and the bottom of the splicing block is integrally formed with a conical end for entering the soil.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the environmental sensing module integrates a wind speed and direction sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity Stevenson screen, a combustible material moisture content probe, and a smoke sensor probe, and all sensors are detachably electrically connected to the edge acquisition and control module via a waterproof aviation plug.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the LoRa radio frequency unit transmit power control formula is as follows:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, For real-time transmission power, This is the module's minimum transmit power. This is the path loss adjustment coefficient. The communication path loss between adjacent nodes is calculated in real time based on the communication signal-to-noise ratio.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the edge acquisition control module is equipped with an IP67 aluminum alloy protective chassis, and the side wall of the chassis is provided with a lightning protection grounding terminal and a waterproof and breathable valve; the chassis integrates a charge and discharge management unit and a low-temperature energy storage lithium battery pack, and the charge and discharge management unit collects the remaining battery power in real time. It is fed into the feedback control unit to participate in the model calculation.

[0022] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the photovoltaic bracket is an angle-adjustable clamp structure, which can be raised, lowered, and rotated along the mounting pole to adjust the orientation and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: a field forestry environment monitoring system, comprising the above-mentioned field forestry environment monitoring device, regional gateway equipment, and cloud monitoring and management platform;

[0024] Multiple field forestry environment monitoring devices are deployed to form a LoRa Mesh self-organizing network; the regional gateway integrates a LoRa receiving unit and a 4G / BeiDou satellite communication unit to realize uplink forwarding of monitoring data and downlink transparent transmission of cloud control commands;

[0025] The cloud-based monitoring and management platform has a built-in comprehensive fire risk assessment module for specific areas. The formula for the comprehensive fire risk index for a specific area is as follows:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, The comprehensive fire risk index for the area, The number of effective online monitoring nodes within the area. For the first Each monitoring node calculates the fire risk index locally.

[0028] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the regional gateway is equipped with an independent solar-powered self-sufficient power supply component; in areas where cellular signals are missing, the BeiDou short message channel is automatically switched to complete uplink and downlink bidirectional data transmission.

[0029] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the cloud-based monitoring and management platform includes a data storage module, a visualization module, an alarm push module, and a remote parameter configuration module; the platform is based on... The system classifies forest fire risk levels and supports real-time viewing of location distribution, monitoring curves, and historical reports on PC and mobile devices. It also automatically sends SMS / mini-program alerts when parameters exceed the limits.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. In this invention, a dual-layer feedback closed loop of local sensing and cloud-based remote command is established. The built-in control unit combines environmental data and battery power to determine the fire risk level and automatically adjusts the acquisition interval and radio frequency power. Monitoring is intensified during high fire risk periods and power consumption is reduced during low risk and low power states. The adjustable photovoltaic module fully absorbs light energy and is equipped with a charge and discharge protection circuit to ensure continuous power supply on cloudy days and at night. The device has its own local storage, which caches data offline when communication is interrupted and resumes transmission after the network is restored, so that monitoring records will not be lost. It can carry out unattended monitoring work for a long time in forest areas without mains power.

[0032] 2. In this invention, the monitoring nodes rely on LoRa to build a Mesh self-organizing network, and the nodes relay each other to extend the coverage area; the gateway is compatible with 4G and Beidou short message dual communication channels, so that data can be transmitted bidirectionally even in remote mountainous areas without mobile phone signal; the cloud platform summarizes the data of the entire area and automatically calculates the fire risk level of the area, pushes alarm information when the level exceeds the standard, and can also issue control commands in batches. After the terminal executes the commands, it sends back confirmation messages, forming a complete remote control closed loop. The system synchronously collects multi-dimensional data on meteorology, combustibles, and fire conditions, automatically generates visual reports, and uniformly manages all equipment in the area, greatly reducing the pressure of manual patrols and improving the intelligence level of forest fire prevention monitoring.

[0033] 3. In this invention, the installation and fixing mechanism adopts a segmented splicing structure. The splicing blocks are locked together by protrusions and grooves. The splicing blocks can be added or removed according to the height of the vegetation on site to adjust the overall height of the pole, so that the top sensor is higher than the vegetation, avoiding obstruction that could cause data distortion. All parts of the machine can be disassembled, and each part is lightweight and compact, making it convenient for manual transport in the mountains and forests. The pole has a reserved clamp installation position, supporting two deployment methods: pole insertion into the ground and trunk clamping. It can be adapted to various forest terrains. On-site assembly is simple and quick, effectively shortening the construction period of field stations and reducing the manpower and material input for the construction of monitoring points in forest areas. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a field forestry environment monitoring device and system according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a partial exploded view of the structure of a field forestry environment monitoring device and system according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 For monitoring flowchart;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the dual-channel transmission process;

[0038] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the closed-loop process for cloud-based fire risk assessment and remote feedback;

[0039] Figure 6 This refers to the overall cyclical workflow of the system.

[0040] Legend: 1. Installing the upright;

[0041] 2. Installation and fixing mechanism; 201. Interlocking block; 202. Protrusion; 203. Groove; 204. Insertion hole; 205. Bolt;

[0042] 3. Environmental perception module;

[0043] 4. Edge acquisition and control module;

[0044] 5. Self-sustaining power supply module; 501. Photovoltaic panel; 502. Photovoltaic support bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0047] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] Please see Figures 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a field forestry environment monitoring device and system.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a field forestry environment monitoring device consists of: a mounting pole 1, a mounting and fixing mechanism 2, an environmental sensing module 3, an edge acquisition and control module 4, a self-sustaining power supply module 5, and a built-in wireless communication module.

[0051] In this embodiment, specifically, the installation pole 1 is a segmented hollow metal pole with multiple sets of pre-drilled fixing holes to accommodate different equipment heights. The bottom of the pole is equipped with a fixing mechanism 2, which is composed of multiple splicing blocks 201. The number of splicing blocks 201 can be increased or decreased as needed to flexibly adjust the overall height of the pole 1. Each splicing block has an integrally formed protrusion 202 and groove 203. During assembly, the upper and lower splicing blocks are aligned and inserted through the protrusion 202 and groove 203. After the insertion holes 204 are aligned, the fastening bolts 205 are inserted and locked. The bottom end of the splicing block has an integrally formed conical end for planting, which can be directly inserted into the forest soil to complete the fixation without the need for concrete construction.

[0052] It should be noted that, firstly, the height of weeds, shrubs and saplings varies greatly in different areas of the wild forest. By increasing or decreasing the number of splicing blocks 201 to raise the overall height of the pole, it is possible to ensure that the top environmental sensing module 3 is higher than the surrounding vegetation canopy, avoid vegetation blocking the sensor probe, and prevent the monitoring data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall from being distorted and the image from being biased.

[0053] Secondly, all splicing blocks 201 are independent disassembled components, and each functional module of the entire device can be disassembled individually. The segmented and scattered components are smaller in size and lighter in weight, which greatly reduces the difficulty of transportation in mountain forests and manual carrying, and facilitates batch transportation and deployment in remote, roadless forest areas. At the same time, the outer wall of the pole has reserved clamp installation positions, and additional trunk clamp components can be added to realize two deployment methods: pole ground installation and trunk clamp installation.

[0054] Furthermore, the environmental sensing module 3 is horizontally mounted at the top of the installation pole 1, integrating a unified meteorological sensing assembly: wind speed and direction sensor, tipping bucket rain gauge, temperature and humidity Stevenson screen, soil / combustible material moisture content probe, and smoke detection probe. All sensors use waterproof aviation plugs with downward wiring, connecting to the edge acquisition and control module 4 in the middle of the pole via a plug-in connection. Sensor probes can be added or removed as needed to adapt to different requirements such as forest fire prevention and ecological soil monitoring. The sensors collect air temperature data in real time. Moisture content of combustibles Wind speed Rainfall signal All raw data is transmitted to the edge acquisition and control module in real time, forming a local feedback data source.

[0055] In this embodiment, specifically, the edge acquisition control module 4 is encapsulated in an IP67 waterproof aluminum alloy chassis. The chassis sidewall has a waterproof vent valve and a lightning protection grounding terminal. Internally, it integrates a main control board, a local storage unit, a charge / discharge management unit, and an energy storage lithium battery pack. The main control board has a built-in feedback control unit that executes two sets of quantization model calculations in real time.

[0056] I. Adaptive Acquisition Cycle Model:

[0057] ;

[0058] Basic collection cycle The default setting is 15 minutes, and the fire hazard adjustment factor is... Battery power correction function The remaining power decreases linearly, and when the power is below 20%, the collection cycle is significantly lengthened to reduce power consumption.

[0059] II. Fire Risk Index Calculation Model:

[0060] ;

[0061] Weight values The sum is 1; the lower the moisture content of the combustible material, the higher the temperature, and the greater the wind speed, The closer the value is to 1, the more likely rainfall will be triggered. Quickly reduce to zero to lower the overall risk index.

[0062] The feedback control unit is based on the calculated Dynamically update collection cycle High fire risk period , Reduced to 3 minutes of encrypted monitoring; during periods of rainfall and high humidity with low risk. , Extended to 30 minutes; battery level read in real time. ,pass The second correction cycle enables power supply status feedback control.

[0063] The chassis's local storage unit can cache more than 30 days of monitoring data, save it offline when communication is interrupted, and automatically resume transmission after the link is restored.

[0064] In this embodiment, specifically, the self-sustaining power supply module 5 is arranged below the edge acquisition control module, including multiple photovoltaic panels 501 and adjustable photovoltaic brackets 502; the photovoltaic brackets 502 have a clamp locking structure, which can be raised and lowered along the pole and rotated 360° to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels to adapt to different sunlight orientations in the forest area; the photovoltaic panels collect electrical energy and send it to the charging and discharging management unit inside the chassis to complete the charging and discharging voltage regulation protection of the lithium battery, and have overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, and reverse connection protection functions, providing self-sustaining power supply for the entire device around the clock.

[0065] In this embodiment, the wireless communication module is integrated inside the edge acquisition and control chassis, including a LoRa radio frequency unit and a 4G / NB-IoT cellular unit; the LoRa radio frequency unit supports Mesh self-organizing networks, with adjacent monitoring devices acting as data relays to each other; the radio frequency transmission power is adjusted in real time through a path loss model.

[0066] ;

[0067] Path loss is estimated based on the signal-to-noise ratio of inter-node communication. To minimize RF power consumption while ensuring stable data transmission; cellular units directly upload data in areas with mobile signal, and rely on LoRa multi-hop relay to transmit data to the gateway in areas without signal; bidirectional communication links: uplink transmission of monitoring data, local... The index receives model weights, basic cycles, and early warning thresholds from the cloud. After updating the parameters, the node sends back a response message, completing the closed-loop feedback of remote commands.

[0068] Example 2:

[0069] This system consists of multiple monitoring devices as described in Example 1, a solar-powered regional gateway, and a cloud-based monitoring and management platform.

[0070] In this embodiment, the deployment method is as follows: monitoring devices are deployed at multiple points in the forest area according to the terrain and altitude. The nodes are connected to form a self-organizing network via LoRa. Regional gateways are added in remote areas without public networks. The gateway integrates a LoRa receiver host, a 4G communication module, and a Beidou short message communication module. When the cellular signal fails, it automatically switches to the Beidou channel to complete two-way data interaction.

[0071] In this embodiment, the cloud-based comprehensive judgment logic is as follows: the cloud platform receives the local fire risk index uploaded by all nodes. The overall risk is calculated using a comprehensive regional model:

[0072] ;

[0073] in, This represents the current number of active online monitoring nodes; the platform calculates based on... The forest fire risk level is divided into five levels. When the area is at high risk, control instructions are issued in batches to shorten the data collection cycle of all nodes in the area. After the instructions are issued, the system waits for each node to send back an execution confirmation message. The platform verifies the message to complete the closed loop of remote feedback across the entire region.

[0074] Further platform functions include: built-in data storage, real-time curve visualization, point map display, fire risk report export, anomaly alarm push notifications, and remote parameter configuration; when a single node... or area If the warning threshold is exceeded, the system will automatically send text messages and mini-program alerts to management personnel, enabling real-time early warning of potential hazards in the forest area.

[0075] Working principle or structural principle: During deployment, the splicing block 201 is selected according to the vegetation height of the point to assemble and install the fixing mechanism 2. The splicing block 201 is aligned and inserted by the protrusion 202 and the groove 203. After the fastening bolt 205 is tightened, the bottom conical end is directly inserted into the soil for fixation. The total height of the installation pole 1 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of splicing blocks 201, so that the top environmental sensing module 3 is higher than the vegetation to prevent the sensor from being blocked and causing data distortion. The splicing block 201, photovoltaic module, edge acquisition control module 4, and various sensors can all be disassembled individually. The components are lightweight and easy to transport. The outer wall of the pole 1 has reserved clamp positions, and the trunk installation method can be switched to adapt to complex forest land. After assembly, the photovoltaic bracket 502 is adjusted to change the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 501. The basic monitoring parameters, risk weights and early warning thresholds are entered after power-on.

[0076] The self-sustaining power supply module 5 powers the entire device. The photovoltaic panel 501 converts light energy into energy storage lithium battery. The charging and discharging unit collects power in real time and sends it to the edge acquisition control module 4. It has multiple circuit protections and relies on the battery for continuous power supply on cloudy days and at night. The environmental sensing module 3 collects data such as temperature, humidity, combustible material moisture content, wind speed, and rainfall, and transmits it to the internal feedback control unit of the edge acquisition control module 4 to form a local feedback link. The device combines environmental data and remaining power to determine the fire risk level. During high-risk periods, the acquisition frequency is shortened, and during low-risk and low-power periods, the acquisition interval is extended to reduce power consumption. The LoRa radio frequency unit automatically adjusts the transmission power according to signal loss, taking into account both communication stability and power saving requirements. The module has a built-in storage unit to cache data when communication is interrupted and automatically re-transmit it after the network is restored.

[0077] The wireless communication module establishes a two-way transmission channel. Each node uploads data via LoRa networking and multi-hop relay. In areas with cellular signals, data can be directly transmitted to the gateway. In areas without public network access, the gateway switches to BeiDou short message service to complete two-way data interaction. The gateway aggregates the data and uploads it to the cloud platform. The platform calculates the comprehensive fire risk level of the entire forest area. If the level is exceeded, it automatically pushes SMS and mini-program alarms. When the area is at high risk, parameter adjustment instructions are issued in batches. After the nodes update their operating logic, they send back confirmation messages. The cloud receives the messages and completes the remote control closed loop. The entire system cyclically completes environmental data collection, adaptive control, data transmission, cloud analysis, and remote parameter updates, autonomously completing intelligent monitoring of the forest environment and fire situation around the clock.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0079] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0080] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field forestry environment monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a mounting pole (1), a mounting and fixing mechanism (2), an environmental sensing module (3), an edge acquisition and control module (4), a self-sustaining power supply module (5), and a wireless communication module; The installation and fixing mechanism (2) is assembled at the bottom of the installation pole (1), and the environmental sensing module (3), edge acquisition control module (4), and self-sustaining power supply module (5) are fixed on the pole body of the installation pole (1) from top to bottom. The self-sustaining power supply module (5) includes a photovoltaic panel (501) and a photovoltaic bracket (502), with the photovoltaic bracket (502) locked and fixed to the mounting pole (1); The edge acquisition control module (4) has a built-in local storage unit and a feedback control unit; the feedback control unit receives data collected by the environmental perception module (3) to form a local sensing feedback link, and is equipped with an adaptive acquisition cycle mathematical model: ； In the formula, To enable real-time adaptive acquisition cycle, Based on the collection cycle, This is the fire hazard adjustment factor. This refers to the real-time fire risk index for forest areas. This is a battery power correction function; The wireless communication module is electrically connected to the edge acquisition control module (4), and includes a LoRa radio frequency unit and a cellular communication unit, which are used to realize the node self-organizing network relay and the bidirectional transmission of remote commands to form a remote command feedback link; The self-sustaining power supply module (5) provides power to the environmental sensing module (3), the edge acquisition control module (4), and the wireless communication module.

2. The field forestry environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the fire risk index is as follows: ； in, These are the weighting coefficients, and ; Let the moisture content of the combustible material be the influence function. Let be the function of air temperature influence. Let wind speed be the influence function. This is a rainfall correction function.

3. The field forestry environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation and fixing mechanism (2) includes splicing blocks (201), protrusions (202), grooves (203), insertion holes (204), and fastening bolts (205); adjacent splicing blocks (201) are positioned by inserting protrusions (202) and grooves (203), and fastening bolts (205) pass through insertion holes (204) to complete splicing and locking. The bottom of the splicing block is integrally formed into a conical end for entering the soil.

4. The field forestry environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental sensing module (3) integrates a wind speed and direction sensor, a rainfall sensor, a temperature and humidity Stevenson screen, a combustible material moisture content probe, and a smoke sensor probe. All sensors are detachably electrically connected to the edge acquisition control module (4) via a waterproof aviation plug.

5. The field forestry environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for controlling the transmit power of the LoRa radio frequency unit is as follows: ； in, For real-time transmission power, This is the module's minimum transmit power. This is the path loss adjustment coefficient. The communication path loss between adjacent nodes is calculated in real time based on the communication signal-to-noise ratio.

6. The field forestry environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge acquisition control module (4) is equipped with an IP67 aluminum alloy protective chassis. The side wall of the chassis is equipped with a lightning protection grounding terminal and a waterproof and breathable valve. The chassis integrates a charge and discharge management unit and a low-temperature energy storage lithium battery pack. The charge and discharge management unit collects the remaining battery power in real time. It is fed into the feedback control unit to participate in the model calculation.

7. The field forestry environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic bracket (502) is an angle-adjustable clamp structure, which can be raised, lowered, rotated and adjusted along the mounting pole (1) to adjust the orientation and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel (501).

8. A field forestry environment monitoring system, characterized in that: Includes the field forestry environment monitoring device, regional gateway equipment, and cloud monitoring and management platform as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; Multiple field forestry environmental monitoring devices have been deployed to form a LoRa Mesh self-organizing network; The regional gateway integrates a LoRa receiver unit and a 4G / BeiDou satellite communication unit to realize uplink forwarding of monitoring data and downlink transparent transmission of cloud control commands; The cloud-based monitoring and management platform has a built-in comprehensive fire risk assessment module for specific areas. The formula for the comprehensive fire risk index for a specific area is as follows: ； in, The comprehensive fire risk index for the area, The number of effective online monitoring nodes within the area. For the first Each monitoring node calculates the fire risk index locally.

9. A field forestry environment monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The regional gateway is equipped with an independent solar-powered self-sufficient power supply component; in areas where cellular signal is missing, it automatically switches to the BeiDou short message channel to complete uplink and downlink bidirectional data transmission.

10. A field forestry environment monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cloud-based monitoring and management platform includes a data storage module, a visualization module, an alarm push module, and a remote parameter configuration module; the platform is based on... The system classifies forest fire risk levels and supports real-time viewing of location distribution, monitoring curves, and historical reports on PC and mobile devices. It also automatically sends SMS / mini-program alerts when parameters exceed the limits.

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