Ice particle impact experiment device and experiment method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ice particle impact experimental device and experimental method thereof, belong to impact experimental device technical field, including: ice particle launcher, rotating mechanism and detection mechanism, ice particle launcher includes ice particle tank, nitrogen tank and acceleration tube, nitrogen tank's gas outlet is communicated with the gas inlet of ice particle tank;Acceleration tube is fixed at one end and is communicated at the ice particle tank's particle outlet hole;Rotating mechanism includes rotating motor and target plate, and target plate is fixed on the output shaft of rotating motor;Detection mechanism includes detection camera, and the camera end of detection camera is towards target plate arrangement.The present application is through the cooperative matching of ice particle launcher, rotating mechanism and detection mechanism, constructs the controllable impact experimental platform of " high-speed ice particle-rotating rigid surface", utilizes nitrogen tank to provide high-pressure gas, drives the ice particle in ice particle tank to be high-speed shot out through acceleration tube, can make the ice particle of stable speed continuously impact rotating target plate, fills the technical blank of high-speed ice particle and rotating rigid surface impact experimental device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of impact test apparatus technology, and in particular to an ice particle impact test apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as aero-engines, wind turbines, and high-speed vehicles in cold regions, high-speed collisions between ice particles and solid surfaces are crucial factors affecting equipment safety and performance. When ice particles impact a stationary rigid target at approximately 96 km / h, their adhesion, rebound, and fragmentation behaviors directly influence key processes such as surface ice evolution, material erosion, and aerodynamic performance degradation. However, in actual engineering, solid surfaces subjected to ice particle impacts are often in a state of rotation, such as engine blades, helicopter rotors, and wind turbine blades. The interaction mechanism between ice particles and rotating rigid surfaces is far more complex than that between ice particles and stationary targets. The tangential relative motion, centrifugal effect, and re-impact phenomena caused by rotation significantly affect the adhesion rate, fragmentation mode, and particle size and velocity distribution of the ice particles.

[0003] Current ice particle impaction experimental devices are mostly designed for stationary targets, generally using high-pressure gas to drive ice particles through an accelerating tube and recording the impact process with cameras. While these devices can acquire fragmentation morphology and some dynamic data of ice particles impacting a stationary surface, they cannot construct controllable impact experimental conditions of "high-speed ice particles—rotating rigid surfaces." This leads to a lack of reliable experimental data to support the following key issues: ① It is difficult to quantitatively study the adhesion probability, critical adhesion velocity, and adhesion layer formation mechanism of ice particles under rotating target conditions; ② It is impossible to systematically obtain the trajectory and energy dissipation law of ice particles after rebounding on a rotating surface; ③ There is a lack of effective means to measure the particle size distribution, spatial scattering angle distribution, and fragment velocity field of ice fragments after high-speed impact, making it difficult to establish a fragmentation theoretical model and numerical simulation verification benchmark reflecting the rotation effect.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an ice particle impact experimental device that can achieve controlled ice particle emission, constant speed rotation of the target plate, and multi-dimensional detection of the impact process has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an ice particle impact experimental device, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that there is a lack of an experimental platform that can realize the controlled launch of ice particles, constant speed rotation of the target plate, and multi-dimensional detection of the impact process, which makes it impossible to carry out high-speed ice particle impact experiments on rotating rigid surfaces and difficult to obtain reliable adhesion-rebound-fragmentation data.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: an ice particle impaction experimental device, comprising: an ice particle emitter, a rotating mechanism, and a detection mechanism; the ice particle emitter includes a fixed frame, an ice particle box, a nitrogen tank, and an accelerating tube; the ice particle box contains ice particles and is fixed on the fixed frame; the ice particle box has an air inlet and an outlet on opposite sides; the nitrogen tank is located on one side of the fixed frame, and its outlet is connected to the air inlet of the ice particle box through a connecting pipe; one end of the accelerating tube is fixed and connected to the outlet of the ice particle box; the rotating mechanism... The system includes a support frame, a rotary motor, and a target plate. The support frame is located on one side of the fixed frame. The rotary motor is fixed to the support frame, and its output shaft rotates about an axis perpendicular to the height of the support frame. The target plate is arranged opposite to the other end of the accelerating tube and is fixed to the output shaft of the rotary motor, so that the high-speed ice particles impact the rotating target plate. The detection mechanism includes a shelf and a detection camera. The shelf is located between the fixed frame and the support frame. The detection camera is fixed to the shelf, and its camera end is arranged facing the target plate.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the coordinated operation of the ice particle launcher, the rotating mechanism, and the detection mechanism, a controllable impact experimental platform for "high-speed ice particles—rotating rigid surfaces" is constructed. High-pressure gas is provided by a nitrogen tank, driving ice particles in the ice particle chamber to be ejected at high speed through an accelerating tube, stably obtaining ice particles with speeds on the order of 96 km / h. Simultaneously, a rotating motor drives the target plate to achieve constant-speed rotation, realistically simulating the motion conditions of rotating components such as engine blades and helicopter rotors, overcoming the deficiency of existing static target plate devices that cannot reflect rotational effects. Furthermore, the detection camera can capture the adhesion, rebound, and breakage transient processes of ice particles impacting the rotating target plate in real time, providing reliable experimental data for quantitatively studying the adhesion probability, critical adhesion velocity, rebound trajectory, and energy dissipation law of ice particles under rotating conditions, as well as the particle size distribution, spatial scattering angle, and velocity field of the fragments after breakage. This lays the experimental foundation for establishing a breakage theoretical model considering rotational effects and a numerical simulation verification benchmark, filling the technological gap in experimental devices for high-speed ice particle impacts on rotating rigid surfaces. Based on the above technical solution, this invention can also be improved as follows.

[0008] Furthermore, the ice pellet emitter also includes a solenoid valve, which is fixed to the connecting pipe.

[0009] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: by setting a solenoid valve on the connecting pipe, the timing of nitrogen on / off and the duration of injection can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving precise control over the timing, number, and velocity of ice particle emission, effectively avoiding mutual interference caused by continuous ice particle emission, facilitating the conduct of controllable impact experiments on single ice particles, greatly improving the repeatability and data consistency of the experiment, and providing a more refined control method for quantitatively studying the adhesion, rebound, and breakage mechanisms of ice particles on a rotating target plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the ice particle emitter also includes a laser emitter, which is fixed to the acceleration tube to assist the acceleration tube in aiming at the target plate.

[0011] The further beneficial effects of the above are: by fixing the laser emitter on the accelerator tube, the expected impact point of the accelerator tube's emission axis and the target plate can be directly indicated, ensuring that the ice particles are quickly aimed and calibrated before being ejected at high speed. This effectively reduces the ice particles missing the target or the impact position shift caused by alignment deviation, and improves the consistency of the impact point in each experiment. It plays an important role, especially in the fixed-point impact experiment at a specific position on the surface of the rotating target plate, and provides a reliable experimental operation guarantee for obtaining stable and reliable collision dynamics and fragmentation data.

[0012] Furthermore, both the fixed frame and the support frame are rotatably connected to casters at their bottom ends.

[0013] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: by setting universal wheels at the bottom of the fixed frame and support frame, the ice particle launcher and the rotating mechanism as a whole are given the ability to move horizontally and turn, which facilitates the quick adjustment of the relative distance and impact angle between the acceleration tube outlet and the target plate. This not only reduces the labor intensity of frequent handling during the setup and debugging phases of the device, but also allows for flexible switching of different impact incident angles and target layouts during experimental preparation, providing convenient mobility support for realizing multi-condition and multi-angle ice particle impact experiments.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two of the shelf and the detection camera. One detection camera is arranged along the emission direction perpendicular to the accelerator tube and its camera end is opposite to the side of the target plate. The other detection camera is arranged at 45 to 60 degrees to the target plate and its camera end is opposite to the impact surface of the target plate.

[0015] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned approach are as follows: the scheme of coordinating two detection cameras can simultaneously record the transient process of ice particles impacting a rotating target plate from multiple dimensions. One camera is perpendicular to the emission direction of the accelerator tube and faces the side of the target plate, which can clearly capture the lateral splash trajectory, peeling morphology, and the influence of the tangential motion of the target plate on the scattering of fragments at the moment of impact. The other camera faces the impact surface of the target plate at an angle of 45-60°, which is beneficial for obtaining information on the frontal morphology changes, adhesion morphology, and longitudinal motion of the rebounding particles in the impact area. The dual-view observation complements each other, providing more complete, three-dimensional, and reliable experimental data support for the quantitative analysis of ice particle adhesion probability, rebound trajectory, and particle size distribution, spatial scattering angle, and velocity vector field of fragments after breakage, thus making up for the lack of spatial dimension information in single-view observation.

[0016] Furthermore, the accelerating tube is made of 316 stainless steel precision tube.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a sealing cap, which is detachably attached to the other open end of the acceleration tube.

[0018] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are as follows: by detachably covering the other opening end of the accelerator tube with a sealing cap, the accelerator tube opening can be effectively sealed when the device is not in operation, preventing external dust, impurities or moisture from entering the inner wall of the accelerator tube. This avoids the condensation and frosting of residual water vapor inside the tube under the action of low-temperature ice particles, which would block the acceleration path and ensure the smoothness and speed stability of subsequent ice particle launch. It also reduces the frequency of cleaning and maintenance and extends the service life of the accelerator tube. At the same time, the sealing cap can also prevent ice particles from accidentally slipping off when launch is not started or from melting prematurely due to the influence of ambient temperature, ensuring the reliability of the ice particle state during the experimental preparation stage.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a three-dimensional drive moving mechanism, the fixed part of which is fixed on the fixed frame and its movable part can move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the fixed frame; the ice box is fixed on the movable part of the three-dimensional drive moving mechanism.

[0020] The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: by setting up a three-dimensional drive moving mechanism and fixing the ice pellet box on its movable part, since one end of the acceleration tube is fixed and connected to the pellet outlet of the ice pellet box, when the ice pellet box is driven to move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, the position of the acceleration tube as a whole can be adjusted in three-dimensional space, thereby achieving high-precision control of the relative position between the acceleration tube outlet and the target plate.

[0021] In addition, an ice particle impaction experiment method is provided, including the aforementioned ice particle impaction experiment apparatus, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0022] S1. Ice pellet preparation: Ice pellets are prepared using liquid nitrogen and stored in an ice pellet box. S2. To set up the ice pellet launcher, first connect the air inlet of the ice pellet box to the air outlet of the nitrogen tank, and then fix one end of the acceleration tube and connect it to the pellet outlet of the ice pellet box. S3. Target plate setting: Adjust the target plate to correspond with the other end of the acceleration tube, turn on the rotary motor, set the rotation of the rotary motor output shaft, and drive the target plate to rotate at a constant speed. S4. Data measurement: Turn on the detection camera to record the impact of high-speed ice particles on the target plate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of an ice particle impaction experimental device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of an ice particle impaction experimental device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram of an ice particle impaction experimental device according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of an ice particle impaction experimental device according to the present invention.

[0024] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Ice particle emitter; 11. Fixing frame; 12. Ice particle box; 13. Nitrogen tank; 14. Acceleration tube; 15. Connecting tube; 16. Solenoid valve; 17. Laser emitter; 2. Rotation mechanism; 21. Support frame; 22. Rotary motor; 23. Target plate; 3. Detection mechanism; 31. Shelf; 32. Detection camera; 4. Three-dimensional drive movement mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, an ice particle impaction experimental apparatus includes: an ice particle emitter 1, a rotating mechanism 2, and a detection mechanism 3. The ice particle emitter 1 includes a fixed frame 11, an ice particle box 12, a nitrogen tank 13, and an accelerating tube 14. The ice particle box 12 contains ice particles and is fixed on the fixed frame 11. An air inlet and an outlet are respectively provided on opposite sides of the ice particle box 12. The nitrogen tank 13 is located on one side of the fixed frame 11, and its outlet is connected to the air inlet of the ice particle box 12 via a connecting pipe 15. One end of the accelerating tube 14 is fixed and connected to the outlet of the ice particle box 12. The rotating mechanism 2 includes a support frame 2. 1. A rotary motor 22 and a target plate 23 are provided, and a support frame 21 is located on one side of a fixed frame 11. The rotary motor 22 is fixed on the support frame 21 and its output shaft rotates about the axis perpendicular to the height of the support frame 21. The target plate 23 is arranged opposite to the other end of the acceleration tube 14 and is fixed on the output shaft of the rotary motor 22 so that high-speed ice particles hit the rotating target plate 23. The detection mechanism 3 includes a shelf 31 and a detection camera 32. The shelf 31 is located between the fixed frame 11 and the support frame 21. The detection camera 32 is fixed on the shelf 31 and its camera end is arranged facing the target plate 23.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments, the ice particle emitter 1 may also include a solenoid valve 16, which is fixed to the connecting pipe 15.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments, the ice particle emitter 1 also includes a laser emitter 17, which is fixed on the acceleration tube 14 to assist the acceleration tube 14 in aiming at the target plate 23.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments, the bottom ends of both the fixed frame 11 and the support frame 21 are rotatably connected with casters.

[0030] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some specific embodiments, there can be two detectors: one detector 32 is arranged along the emission direction of the vertical accelerator tube 14 and its camera end is opposite to the side of the target plate 23; the other detector 32 is arranged at 45 to 60 degrees to the target plate 23 and its camera end is opposite to the impact surface of the target plate 23.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, the detection mechanism 3 may also include a supplementary light source, an infrared thermometer, and a data acquisition device. The supplementary light source, the infrared thermometer, and the data acquisition device are all fixed on the shelf 31, and the data acquisition device is electrically connected to the supplementary light source, the infrared thermometer, and the detection camera 32, respectively.

[0032] Specifically, the accelerator tube 14 can be made of 316 stainless steel precision tube.

[0033] Specifically, it may also include a sealing cap, which is removably located at the other open end of the acceleration tube 14.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it may also include a three-dimensional drive moving mechanism 4, the fixed part of the three-dimensional drive moving mechanism 4 is fixed on the fixed frame 11 and its movable part can move along the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction and Z-axis direction of the fixed frame 11; the ice box 12 is fixed on the movable part of the three-dimensional drive moving mechanism 4.

[0035] In addition, an ice particle impaction experiment method is provided, including an ice particle impaction experiment apparatus, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1. Ice particle preparation: Ice particles are prepared using liquid nitrogen and stored in ice particle box 12. S2. Set up the ice particle launcher 1. First, connect the air inlet of the ice particle box 12 to the air outlet of the nitrogen tank 13. Then, fix one end of the acceleration tube 14 and connect it to the particle outlet of the ice particle box 12. S3, target plate 23 setting, adjust the target plate 23 to correspond with the other end of the acceleration tube 14, turn on the rotary motor 22, set the rotation of the output shaft of the rotary motor 22, and drive the target plate 23 to rotate at a constant speed. S4. Data measurement: Activate the detection camera 32 to record the impact of high-speed ice particles on the target plate 23.

[0036] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ice particle impaction experimental apparatus, characterized in that, include: An ice pellet launcher (1) includes a mounting frame (11), an ice pellet box (12), a nitrogen tank (13), and an acceleration tube (14). The ice pellet box (12) is filled with ice pellets and fixed on the mounting frame (11). The ice pellet box (12) has an air inlet and an outlet on opposite sides. The nitrogen tank (13) is located on one side of the mounting frame (11), and its outlet is connected to the air inlet of the ice pellet box (12) through a connecting pipe (15). One end of the acceleration tube (14) is fixed and connected to the outlet of the ice pellet box (12). The rotating mechanism (2) includes a support frame (21), a rotating motor (22), and a target plate (23). The support frame (21) is located on one side of the fixed frame (11). The rotating motor (22) is fixed on the support frame (21) and its output shaft rotates about the height direction of the support frame (21). The target plate (23) is arranged opposite to the other end of the acceleration tube (14) and fixed on the output shaft of the rotating motor (22) so that the high-speed ice particles hit the rotating target plate (23). The testing mechanism (3) includes a shelf (31) and a testing camera (32). The shelf (31) is located between the fixed frame (11) and the support frame (21). The testing camera (32) is fixed on the shelf (31) and its camera end is arranged facing the target plate (23).

2. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ice pellet emitter (1) also includes a solenoid valve (16), which is fixed to the connecting pipe (15).

3. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ice particle emitter (1) also includes a laser emitter (17), which is fixed on the acceleration tube (14) to assist the acceleration tube (14) in aiming at the target plate (23).

4. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the bottom ends of the fixed frame (11) and the support frame (21) are rotatably connected to casters.

5. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two of the shelf (31) and the detection camera (32). One detection camera (32) is arranged along the emission direction perpendicular to the acceleration tube (14) and its camera end is opposite to the side of the target plate (23). The other detection camera (32) is arranged at 45-60° to the target plate (23) and its camera end is opposite to the impact surface of the target plate (23).

6. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection mechanism (3) also includes a fill light, an infrared thermometer and a data acquisition device. The fill light, the infrared thermometer and the data acquisition device are all fixed on the shelf (31) and the data acquisition device is electrically connected to the fill light, the infrared thermometer and the detection camera (32) respectively.

7. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accelerator tube (14) is made of 316 stainless steel precision tube.

8. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sealing cap, which is removably attached to the other opening end of the acceleration tube (14).

9. The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a three-dimensional drive moving mechanism (4), the fixed part of which is fixed on the fixed frame (11) and its movable part can move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the fixed frame (11); the ice box (12) is fixed on the movable part of the three-dimensional drive moving mechanism (4).

10. A method for conducting ice particle impact experiments, characterized in that, The ice particle impaction experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following specific steps: S1, ice particle preparation: ice particles are prepared using liquid nitrogen and stored in an ice particle box (12); S2. The ice particle launcher (1) is set up. First, connect the air inlet of the ice particle box (12) to the air outlet of the nitrogen tank (13), and then fix one end of the acceleration tube (14) and connect it to the outlet of the ice particle box (12). S3, target plate (23) setting, adjust the target plate (23) to correspond with the other end of the acceleration tube (14), turn on the rotary motor (22), set the rotation of the output shaft of the rotary motor (22), and drive the target plate (23) to rotate at a constant speed; S4. Data measurement: Turn on the detection camera (32) and record the impact of high-speed ice particles on the target plate (23).

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