A sediment particle movement parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of test of hydraulic machinery, and particularly relates to a sand particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery, which comprises: a replaceable test water tank containing a hydraulic machinery flow part; a sand-water circulation system, which is communicated with the test water tank to provide circulating sand-containing water for the test water tank; and a measuring device for measuring sand particle motion parameters in the area of the hydraulic machinery flow part in the test water tank. The test water tank containing the hydraulic machinery flow part is designed to be replaceable, so that sand particle motion parameter observation can be performed on different types of hydraulic machinery flow parts. The sand-water circulation system is used to ensure that the sand particle concentration is fixed and not affected by external interference. Repetitive tests are used to compare and analyze the measurement results, and multiple sets of measurement results are used for average solving, so as to improve the accuracy of sand particle motion parameter measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing and measurement of hydraulic machinery, and specifically to a sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic machinery typically consists of turbines and pumps. Turbines and pumps have rotating parts and flow guiding parts, which are flow passage components. When operating in sandy water for a long time, the surfaces of the main flow passage components are eroded by silt particles, which leads to a reduction in the service life and operational stability of the unit.

[0003] For example, when hydraulic machinery operates under high sediment content conditions, the guide vane area, as a key flow regulation region connecting the inlet and downstream components, has an extremely complex internal flow structure. The fluid in this region exhibits strong three-dimensional separation, vortex, and secondary flow characteristics. The concentration distribution and velocity parameters of sediment particles within this area not only directly affect the wear patterns of the guide vanes and downstream components but also have a significant impact on the hydraulic performance and operational stability of the unit.

[0004] Current research on the movement of sediment particles in hydraulic machinery flow components such as guide vane areas mainly relies on numerical simulation methods. However, due to limitations in model assumptions and the complexity of turbulent particle interactions, the simulation results still have significant uncertainties, and there are certain discrepancies between the simulation results and actual operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery. This observation system can maximize the consistency between the measurement results of sediment particle motion parameters when hydraulic machinery flow components move in sediment-laden water and the actual working conditions.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery includes: a replaceable test water tank containing hydraulic machinery flow components; a sediment-water circulation system connected to the test water tank to provide circulating sediment-laden water to the test water tank; and a measuring device for measuring sediment particle motion parameters in the area of ​​the hydraulic machinery flow components within the test water tank.

[0007] As an optional implementation, the sand-water circulation system includes an elevated sand-water tank and a circulation pump; the outlet of the elevated sand-water tank is connected to the inlet of the test water tank, and the outlet of the elevated sand-water tank is higher than the inlet of the test water tank; the outlet of the test water tank is connected to the inlet of the elevated sand-water tank through the circulation pump.

[0008] As an optional implementation, the liquid level of the elevated sand tank is connected to the atmosphere.

[0009] As an optional implementation, the sand-water circulation system further includes a defoaming water tank disposed between the elevated sand-water tank and the test water tank; the inlet of the defoaming water tank is connected to the outlet of the elevated sand-water tank, and the inlet of the defoaming water tank is not higher than the outlet of the elevated sand-water tank; the outlet of the defoaming water tank is connected to the inlet of the test water tank, and the outlet of the defoaming water tank is not higher than the inlet of the test water tank; a rectifier plate is provided inside the defoaming water tank, and the rectifier plate has multiple through holes; the inlet of the defoaming water tank is located above the rectifier plate, and the outlet of the defoaming water tank is located below the rectifier plate; the liquid level of the defoaming water tank is in communication with the atmosphere.

[0010] As an optional implementation, the sand-water circulation system further includes a low-level sand-water tank disposed between the test water tank and the circulation pump; the inlet of the low-level sand-water tank is connected to the outlet of the test water tank, and the inlet of the low-level sand-water tank is not higher than the outlet of the test water tank; the outlet of the low-level sand-water tank is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump.

[0011] As an optional implementation, the liquid level of the low-level sand tank is connected to the atmosphere.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the sand-water circulation system includes a measuring unit for determining whether the sand-containing water is in a stable circulation flow state.

[0013] As an optional implementation, the surface of the sediment particles in the sand-laden water is covered with a fluorescent substance; the measuring device includes a laser generating device, an image acquisition device, and a control and data processing device; the laser generating device is communicatively connected to the control and data processing device; the laser generating device is used to emit a laser beam into the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component area inside the test water tank; the image acquisition device is communicatively connected to the control and data processing device; the image acquisition device is used to acquire images of the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component area inside the test water tank; the control and data processing device is used to control the laser generating device and process the images acquired by the image acquisition device, thereby obtaining the sediment particle concentration characteristics of the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component area inside the test water tank.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the image acquisition device continuously acquires motion images of sediment particles within the hydraulic mechanical flow component area of ​​the test water tank at a set frame rate to obtain sediment particle distribution information in a continuous time series; the control and data processing device is also used to obtain the velocity characteristics of sediment particles based on the displacement of sediment particles between two or more adjacent frames and the corresponding time interval.

[0015] As an optional implementation, the test water tank includes a tank body and a flow channel; the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component is arranged in the flow channel; both the test water tank and the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component are made of light-transmitting material.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the present invention can simulate the observation of sediment particle movement parameters in each flow area inside a running hydraulic machine, can determine the sediment distribution of the hydraulic machine under different operating conditions, and can carry out anti-erosion hydraulic design for flow components in a targeted manner.

[0017] This invention designs the test water tank containing hydraulic mechanical flow components as a replaceable form, ensuring that different types of hydraulic mechanical flow components can be used to observe the movement parameters of sediment particles.

[0018] This invention employs an internal circulation flow of sand and water to ensure a fixed concentration of sediment particles, free from external interference.

[0019] This invention can use repeatable tests to compare and analyze the measurement results, and use multiple sets of measurement results to average the solution, thereby improving the accuracy of sediment particle motion parameter measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a half-sectional structural diagram of the defoaming water tank in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the test water tank in this invention. Figure 3 The top of the box and flow channel is omitted.

[0023] Figures 4-5 Two images of the motion of sediment particles acquired using this invention are provided.

[0024] Figures 6-8 Three sets of comparison graphs are provided between experimental and simulated values ​​of the velocity characteristics of sediment particles in the movable guide vane, as measured by this invention.

[0025] Figures 9-11 Three sets of comparison graphs are provided between experimental and simulated values ​​of the velocity characteristics of sediment particles with fixed guide vanes, obtained through this invention.

[0026] The definitions of the reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: test water tank 1, tank body 11, flow channel 12, hydraulic mechanical flow component 13, low-level sand tank 21, circulating pump 22, high-level sand tank 23, defoaming water tank 24, rectifier plate 241, through hole 242, inlet 243, outlet 244, laser generating device 31, image acquisition device 32, valve 41, first flow meter 42, second flow meter 43, first pressure gauge 44, second pressure gauge 45. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the stated number. If terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0030] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention introduces a sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery, including a test water tank 1, a sediment-water circulation system, and a measuring device.

[0032] The test water tank 1 contains a hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13. In this invention, the test water tank 1 can be replaced according to different test requirements, mainly by replacing the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13, thereby enabling the measurement of the motion parameters of sediment particles when different types of hydraulic mechanical flow-through components 13 are running in sandy water.

[0033] The sand-water circulation system is connected to the test water tank 1 to provide the test water tank 1 with circulating sand-containing water.

[0034] The measuring device is used to measure the motion parameters of sediment particles in the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 area inside the test water tank 1, mainly including the concentration characteristics and velocity characteristics of sediment particles.

[0035] The methods for measuring the concentration characteristics of sediment particles in sandy water using measuring devices are mainly divided into two types: direct measurement method and indirect measurement method.

[0036] Direct measurement methods mainly include filtration, drying, displacement, and centrifugation. While these methods can achieve good measurement accuracy, they are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the needs of real-time measurement and continuous monitoring.

[0037] Indirect measurement methods utilize physical characteristics such as sound, light, heat, electricity, and remote sensing images for indirect inversion. These methods primarily include optical methods, X-ray methods, remote sensing methods, laser methods, differential pressure methods, and acoustic methods. Among these, sound attenuation-based measurement methods are reliable due to their fast measurement speed, non-contact nature, and strong penetration capabilities.

[0038] The ultrasonic transmission attenuation method measures the concentration of sediment particles in sand-laden water using ultrasonic technology. It primarily utilizes the attenuation principle of ultrasonic waves propagating through sediment. By calculating the signal intensity of the incident and transmitted ultrasonic waves, an attenuation coefficient is derived. The sediment concentration parameter is then deduced using an inverse formula relating the attenuation coefficient to sediment concentration. This method indirectly measures sediment particle concentration through the interaction between ultrasonic waves and suspended sediment particles, achieving rapid, non-contact measurement. Compared to traditional direct measurement methods such as drying and filtration, it offers advantages such as real-time measurement and continuous monitoring.

[0039] In addition, the measuring device can also measure the concentration characteristics of sediment particles in sandy water based on laser-induced fluorescence technology combined with image processing based on high-speed cameras.

[0040] Laser-induced fluorescence (LAF) is an optical measurement method based on the change in fluorescence intensity produced by fluorescent dyes or particles under laser excitation. It involves irradiating a sample with a pulsed laser and detecting the fluorescence release during the relaxation process of excited-state molecules. This process includes non-radiative transitions such as vibrational relaxation and internal conversion, ultimately returning to the ground state through radiative decay and releasing fluorescence. This technique uses a highly monochromatic laser with high energy density as the light source, allowing for precise control of molecular electronic transitions. By recording the functional relationship between fluorescence intensity and excitation wavelength to form an excitation spectrum, it can be used to measure the concentration characteristics and distribution of sediment particles in sandy water.

[0041] In the sand-water circulation system described in this invention, the surface of the silt particles in the sand-containing water can be covered with a fluorescent substance. For example, the silt particles are completely immersed in liquid fluorescent substance, so that the surface of the silt particles is covered with fluorescent substance, and then the silt particles are drained and dried, so that the fluorescent substance is firmly adhered to the surface of the silt particles.

[0042] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the measuring device of the present invention may include a laser generating device 31, an image acquisition device 32, and a control and data processing device (…). Figure 1 (Not shown in the image) Both the laser generating device 31 and the image acquisition device 32 are communicatively connected to the control and data processing device.

[0043] The laser generating device 31 is used to emit a laser beam of a specific wavelength to the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13 area inside the test water tank 1. For example, the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13 inside the test water tank 1 is illuminated by laser sheet illumination. The laser beam excites the fluorescent substances on the surface of the sediment particles in the sandy water to produce fluorescence with a longer wavelength, so that the sediment particles in the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13 inside the test water tank 1 can form a clear and identifiable scattering or fluorescence image.

[0044] Image acquisition device 32 can be, for example, a high-speed camera. Image processing methods based on high-speed cameras mainly obtain particle size information of sediment particles through feature fusion and image retrieval processing of sediment particle imaging.

[0045] The control and data processing equipment can be, for example, a computer. On the one hand, the control and data processing equipment is used to control the working status and working parameters of the laser generating equipment 31 and the image acquisition equipment 32. On the other hand, it is used to receive the images acquired by the image acquisition equipment 32 and process the images to obtain motion parameters such as the sediment particle concentration characteristics in the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 in the test water tank 1.

[0046] The control and data processing equipment mainly processes images by quantitatively calibrating the fluorescence intensity and processing the images using a computer. This allows for the inversion of the spatial distribution field of sediment particle concentration in the water body, enabling visualized monitoring of concentration changes.

[0047] This invention can employ repeatable tests to compare and analyze measurement results, and use multiple sets of measurement results for averaging to improve the accuracy of sediment concentration characteristic measurement.

[0048] The present invention uses a measuring device based on laser-induced fluorescence technology combined with image processing based on a high-speed camera to measure the concentration characteristics of sediment particles in sandy water. The equipment selection, parameter settings and operation steps can refer to "Cao Xixuan. Quantitative Study on Pollutant Concentration Field in Valley City Based on Fluorescent Experiment [D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2021: 27-50.", "Li Luxing. Experimental Study on Quantitative Visual Observation of Interfacial Convection Concentration Distribution Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technology [D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2016", and "Ding Zhiqun. Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection of Dissolved Organic Matter Concentration in Water [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2006, 35(2): 217-220." and make adaptive adjustments. Obviously, making these adaptive adjustments does not require creative labor for those skilled in the art.

[0049] The method for measuring the velocity characteristics of sediment particles in the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 region within the test water tank 1 using a measuring device mainly includes the following steps: (a) After setting up the laser generating equipment 31, the image acquisition equipment 32 and the control and data processing equipment, perform spatial geometric calibration on the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 in the test water tank 1 and establish the mapping relationship between pixel coordinates and actual physical coordinates.

[0050] (ii) A laser is emitted into the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 area inside the test water tank 1 by the laser generating device 31. The fluorescent substances on the surface of the silt particles in the sandy water are excited by the laser and produce fluorescence with a longer wavelength, so that the silt particles in the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 area inside the test water tank 1 can form a clear and identifiable scattering or fluorescence image.

[0051] (III) The image acquisition device 32 continuously acquires motion images of sediment particles within the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component 13 in the test water tank 1 at a set frame rate, obtaining continuous time-series sediment particle distribution information. The acquired images are as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. During the acquisition process, by controlling the exposure time and light source intensity, overexposure or underexposure of the image can be avoided. Optical filters can also be used to effectively separate fluorescence from background scattered laser light, ensuring clear boundaries of sediment particles.

[0052] (iv) Preprocess the acquired raw images, including background subtraction, noise filtering and contrast enhancement.

[0053] (v) Threshold segmentation or feature-based particle recognition algorithms are then used to identify mud and sand particles in a single frame image and extract the position coordinates of the centroid of the particles or representative feature points.

[0054] (vi) The particle positions identified in adjacent time frames are correlated in time and matched with trajectories to establish the motion trajectory of the same sediment particle at different times.

[0055] (vii) Calculate the instantaneous velocity vector of the sediment particles based on the displacement of the sediment particles between two or more adjacent frames and the corresponding time interval; for continuous trajectories, the average velocity, acceleration and velocity fluctuation characteristics of the particles can be further obtained.

[0056] (viii) The calculated velocity data of sediment particles are screened for rationality, and outliers caused by particle overlap, occlusion or identification error are removed. On this basis, the effective velocity samples are statistically processed to obtain the velocity distribution, average velocity and velocity fluctuation characteristics of sediment particles in the measurement area, and correlation analysis is performed with the flow field parameters under the corresponding working conditions.

[0057] Figures 6-8 A comparison chart of the velocity characteristics of sediment particles between experimental and simulated values ​​obtained by this invention is provided for three sets of movable guide vanes. Figures 9-11 A comparison chart of sediment particle velocity characteristics between experimental and simulated values ​​obtained using this invention is provided for three sets of fixed guide vanes. Figures 4-9 As can be seen from the results, the experimental values ​​of the velocity characteristics of sediment particles obtained by the present invention are basically the same as the simulation values, thus proving that the observation system introduced in this invention can accurately measure the motion parameters of sediment particles when the hydraulic machinery flow component 13 is running in sediment-laden water.

[0058] To facilitate the operation of the laser generating device 31 and the image acquisition device 32, as an optional implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the test water tank 1 and the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13 are both made of light-transmitting materials, such as glass and acrylic sheets.

[0059] Optionally, the test tank 1 includes a tank body 11 and a flow channel 12 that simulates real conditions.

[0060] The hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13 is arranged in the flow channel 12 to simulate the actual situation.

[0061] The laser generating device 31 and the image acquisition device 32 can perform corresponding operations on the sand-containing water in the test water tank 1 and the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component 13.

[0062] As an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the sand-water circulation system of the present invention may include a high-level sand-water tank 23 and a circulation pump 22.

[0063] The outlet of the elevated sand tank 23 is connected to the inlet of the test water tank 1, and the outlet of the elevated sand tank 23 is higher than the inlet of the test water tank 1, so that the sand-containing water in the elevated sand tank 23 can flow into the test water tank 1 by gravity.

[0064] The outlet of the test water tank 1 is connected to the inlet of the elevated sand-water tank 23 via the circulation pump 22. The circulation pump 22 can pump the sand-containing water flowing out of the test water tank 1 back into the elevated sand-water tank 23, thereby realizing the circulation of the sand-containing water.

[0065] The elevated sand tank 23 can temporarily store a certain volume of sand-containing water, eliminating the pressure exerted on it by the circulating pump 22 when pumping sand-containing water, making the sand-containing water flowing from the elevated sand tank 23 to the test water tank 1 more stable.

[0066] This invention employs an internal circulation flow of sediment-laden water to ensure that the sediment concentration within the observation system is not disturbed by external factors, thereby guaranteeing that the sediment concentration within the observation system remains essentially constant.

[0067] Air bubbles in sand-containing water may affect the propagation of light, thereby affecting the working effect of laser generating device 31 and image acquisition device 32. To minimize the impact of air bubbles in sand-containing water on the measurement results, the liquid surface of the elevated sand-containing water tank 23 can be connected to the atmosphere, for example, by setting the top of the elevated sand-containing water tank 23 to be open, or by using a closed water tank as the elevated sand-containing water tank 23 but opening an exhaust port or installing an exhaust valve on the closed water tank.

[0068] When the sand-containing water containing air bubbles enters the high-level sand-water tank 23, the air bubbles will rise from the water to the surface and be discharged outwards because the liquid surface of the high-level sand-water tank 23 is connected to the atmosphere. This reduces the number of air bubbles in the sand-containing water in the high-level sand-water tank 23, resulting in less air bubbles in the sand-containing water that subsequently flows into the test water tank 1.

[0069] To further reduce air bubbles in the sand-containing water flowing from the elevated sand tank 23 to the test water tank 1, alternatively, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a defoaming water tank 24 can also be installed between the high-level sand tank 23 and the test water tank 1.

[0070] The inlet 243 of the defoaming water tank 24 is connected to the outlet of the high-level sand water tank 23, and the inlet 243 of the defoaming water tank 24 is not higher than the outlet of the high-level sand water tank 23, so that the sand-containing water in the high-level sand water tank 23 can flow into the defoaming water tank 24 by gravity.

[0071] The outlet 244 of the defoaming water tank 24 is connected to the inlet of the test water tank 1, and the outlet 244 of the defoaming water tank 24 is not higher than the inlet of the test water tank 1, so that the sand-containing water in the defoaming water tank 24 can flow into the test water tank 1 by gravity.

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, the defoaming water tank 24 is equipped with a rectifier plate 241, which has multiple through holes 242. The inlet 243 of the defoaming water tank 24 is located above the rectifier plate 241, and the outlet 244 of the defoaming water tank 24 is located below the rectifier plate 241. The liquid level of the defoaming water tank 24 is open to the atmosphere. For example, a closed water tank can be used as a high-level sand tank 23, but an exhaust port or exhaust valve can be installed on the closed water tank.

[0073] When sand-containing water enters the defoaming water tank 24, it impacts the rectifier plate 241 and flows through the through hole 242. When the air bubbles pass through the rectifier plate 241, they will separate from the sand-containing water and eventually be discharged through the vent or vent valve, so that the sand-containing water flowing from the defoaming water tank 24 to the test water tank 1 contains almost no air bubbles.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, a low-level sand-water tank 21 may also be provided between the test water tank 1 and the circulating pump 22. The inlet of the low-level sand-water tank 21 is connected to the outlet of the test water tank 1, and the inlet of the low-level sand-water tank 21 is not higher than the outlet of the test water tank 1, so that the sand-containing water in the test water tank 1 can flow into the low-level sand-water tank 21 by gravity. The outlet of the low-level sand-water tank 21 is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump 22.

[0075] The low-level sand-water tank 21 serves two purposes: firstly, it receives sand-containing water flowing out of the test water tank 1; secondly, it facilitates the circulation pump 22 in pumping the sand-containing water to the high-level sand-water tank 23. Furthermore, because the low-level sand-water tank 21 is positioned lower than the high-level sand-water tank 23, the sand-containing water in the low-level sand-water tank 21 does not flow when the circulation pump 22 is not running. Therefore, the low-level sand-water tank 21 is also suitable as an operating port for adding or discharging sand-containing water in the entire sand-water circulation system.

[0076] Optionally, the liquid level of the low-level sand-water tank 21 is connected to the atmosphere to release the pressure of the sand-containing water flowing into the low-level sand-water tank 21 from the test water tank 1. Preferably, the top of the low-level sand-water tank 21 is open to facilitate the release of water pressure and the addition or discharge of sand-containing water.

[0077] Before conducting the experiment, the prepared sediment-water mixture (i.e., sediment-containing water) is injected into the low-level sediment-water tank 21 (or the high-level sediment-water tank 23 if there is no low-level sediment-water tank 21). The circulation pump 22 is started to create a self-circulation of the sediment-containing water within the sediment-water circulation system, eliminating air bubbles in the sediment-containing water flowing towards the test water tank 1. After the circulation stabilizes, the sediment particles are uniformly distributed in the sediment-water circulation system. The sediment particles in this invention can be taken from river sand to simulate sediment-containing water in a real environment as closely as possible.

[0078] In this invention, a measuring unit can also be installed in the sand-water circulation system. This measuring unit can be used to determine whether the sand-containing water in the sand-water circulation system is in a stable circulation flow state, thereby ensuring that the measurement results are more accurate and reliable.

[0079] The low-level sand tank 21, the circulating pump 22, the high-level sand tank 23, the defoaming water tank 24, and the test water tank 1 are all connected by pipes to allow sand-containing water to flow.

[0080] Optionally, the measuring unit may include a first flow meter 42, a second flow meter 43, a first pressure gauge 44, and a second pressure gauge 45.

[0081] The first flow meter 42 is installed on the outlet pipe of the test water tank 1. In other words, when the sand-water circulation system does not include the low-level sand-water tank 21, the first flow meter 42 is installed on the pipe between the test water tank 1 and the circulation pump 22; when the sand-water circulation system includes the low-level sand-water tank 21, the first flow meter 42 is installed on the pipe between the test water tank 1 and the low-level sand-water tank 21. The first flow meter 42 is mainly used to measure the outlet flow rate of the test water tank 1. When the sand-containing water in the sand-water circulation system is circulating normally, the flow rate measured by the first flow meter 42 should be stable within a certain specified small range. Conversely, if the flow rate measured by the first flow meter 42 fluctuates outside a certain specified range, it indicates that an abnormality has occurred in the sand-containing water during the circulation process.

[0082] The second flow meter 43 is installed on the pipeline between the circulating pump 22 and the high-level sand tank 23. The second flow meter 43 is mainly used to measure the flow rate of the circulating pump 22 when pumping sand-containing water to the high-level sand tank 23, so as to determine whether the working status of the circulating pump 22 is normal.

[0083] The combination of the first flow meter 42 and the second flow meter 43 can determine whether there is a difference in the flow rate of sand-containing water entering and leaving the test water tank 1, thereby further determining whether the sand-containing water circulates smoothly and whether there is any leakage.

[0084] The first pressure gauge 44 is installed on the inlet pipe of the test water tank 1. Alternatively, when the sand-water circulation system does not include the defoaming water tank 24, the first pressure gauge 44 is installed on the pipe between the elevated sand-water tank 23 and the test water tank 1; when the sand-water circulation system includes the defoaming water tank 24, the first pressure gauge 44 is installed on the pipe between the defoaming water tank 24 and the test water tank 1. The first pressure gauge 44 is mainly used to measure the inlet pressure of the test water tank 1. If the measured value of the first pressure gauge 44 is stable within a certain specified small range, the sand-containing water flowing into the test water tank 1 is considered relatively stable, and the measuring device can operate. Conversely, if the measured value of the first pressure gauge 44 fluctuates outside the specified range, the sand-containing water flowing into the test water tank 1 is considered insufficiently stable, and the measuring device should not operate.

[0085] The second pressure gauge 45 is installed on the pipeline between the circulating pump 22 and the high-level sand tank 23. The second pressure gauge 45 is mainly used to measure the water pressure when the circulating pump 22 pumps sand-containing water to the high-level sand tank 23, and to determine whether the working status of the circulating pump 22 is normal.

[0086] The combination of the second flow meter 43 and the second pressure gauge 45 can also determine whether there is a blockage or leakage in the pipeline between the circulating pump 22 and the high-level sand tank 23, thereby further determining whether the sand-containing water circulates smoothly and whether there is any leakage.

[0087] A valve 41 is also provided in the sand-water circulation system to control the circulation and target flow of the sand-containing water, thereby improving the measurement reliability of the invention under different operating conditions and ensuring the wide applicability of test conditions. Optionally, the valve 41 is installed on the outlet pipe of the test water tank 1.

[0088] Valve 41, first flow meter 42, second flow meter 43, first pressure gauge 44, and second pressure gauge 45 can all be connected to control and data processing equipment for centralized control, status / data display, and other functions.

[0089] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0090] The above preferred embodiments should not be considered as limitations on the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery, characterized in that, include: Replaceable test water tank (1) containing hydraulic mechanical flow-through components (13); A sand-water circulation system is connected to the test water tank (1) to provide circulating sand-containing water to the test water tank (1); The measuring device is used to measure the movement parameters of sediment particles in the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component (13) inside the test water tank (1).

2. The sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sand-water circulation system includes an elevated sand-water tank (23) and a circulation pump (22); The outlet of the high-level sand tank (23) is connected to the inlet of the test water tank (1), and the outlet of the high-level sand tank (23) is higher than the inlet of the test water tank (1). The outlet of the test water tank (1) is connected to the inlet of the high-level sand tank (23) through the circulating pump (22).

3. The sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid level of the high-level sand tank (23) is connected to the atmosphere.

4. The sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The sand-water circulation system also includes a defoaming water tank (24) located between the elevated sand-water tank (23) and the test water tank (1). The inlet of the defoaming water tank (24) is connected to the outlet of the high-level sand water tank (23), and the inlet of the defoaming water tank (24) is not higher than the outlet of the high-level sand water tank (23). The outlet of the defoaming water tank (24) is connected to the inlet of the test water tank (1), and the outlet of the defoaming water tank (24) is not higher than the inlet of the test water tank (1). The defoaming water tank (24) is equipped with a rectifier plate (241), which has multiple through holes (242). The inlet of the defoaming water tank (24) is located above the rectifier plate (241), and the outlet of the defoaming water tank (24) is located below the rectifier plate. The liquid surface of the defoaming water tank (24) is connected to the atmosphere.

5. A sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The sand-water circulation system also includes a low-level sand-water tank (21) located between the test water tank (1) and the circulation pump (22). The inlet of the low-level sand tank (21) is connected to the outlet of the test water tank (1), and the inlet of the low-level sand tank (21) is not higher than the outlet of the test water tank (1). The outlet of the low-level sand tank (21) is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump (22).

6. The sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid level of the low-level sand tank (21) is connected to the atmosphere.

7. The sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sand-water circulation system includes a measurement unit, which is used to determine whether the sand-containing water is in a stable circulation flow state.

8. A sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The surface of the silt particles in the sandy water is covered with a fluorescent substance. The measuring device includes a laser generating device (31), an image acquisition device (32), and a control and data processing device; The laser generating device (31) is communicatively connected to the control and data processing device; the laser generating device (31) is used to emit lasers into the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component (13) inside the test water tank (1); The image acquisition device (32) is communicatively connected to the control and data processing device; the image acquisition device (32) is used to acquire images of the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component (13) inside the test water tank (1); The control and data processing equipment is used to control the laser generating equipment (31) and process the images acquired by the image acquisition equipment (32) to obtain the sediment particle concentration characteristics in the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component (13) in the test water tank (1).

9. A sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The image acquisition device (32) continuously acquires motion images of sediment particles in the area of ​​the hydraulic mechanical flow component (13) in the test water tank (1) at a set frame rate, and obtains sediment particle distribution information in a continuous time series. The control and data processing equipment is also used to obtain the velocity characteristics of sediment particles based on the displacement of sediment particles between two or more adjacent frames and the corresponding time interval.

10. A sediment particle motion parameter observation system with replaceable hydraulic machinery as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The test water tank (1) includes a tank body (11) and a flow channel (12); The hydraulic mechanical flow-through component (13) is arranged inside the flow channel (12); The test water tank (1) and the hydraulic mechanical flow-through component (13) are both made of light-transmitting material.

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