Photovoltaic damper automatic detection device based on force-displacement double signal criterion

Abstract

The present application relates to damper detection technical field, specifically disclose a kind of photovoltaic damper automatic detection device based on force-displacement double signal criterion, including rack, drive module, detection module, monitoring module and controller, wherein, controller stores the parameters of damper of multiple specifications, configured to respond to specification selection signal automatically call parameter, to complete zero calibration and range self-calibration with pre-pressure, and in the process of driving sliding frame, according to the double signal criterion of pressure change rate and displacement change rate Limit travel of two directions of stretching and compression is automatically judged, and the test report containing two-way stroke value, two-way pressure peak value and qualified determination result is output.The present application realizes the high-precision automation of photovoltaic damper in multiple specifications mixed line, two-way continuous test, eccentric clamping working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of damper testing technology, specifically to an automatic testing device for photovoltaic dampers based on a force-displacement dual-signal criterion. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic tracking brackets, operating outdoors for extended periods, rely on dampers to attenuate instantaneous vibrations, wind loads, and asymmetric torsional loads. However, once manufactured, these dampers are constantly exposed to wind, sand, temperature variations, and alternating loads. Any deviation of their internal stroke parameters from design tolerances directly impacts the attitude stability of the photovoltaic modules and can even lead to structural fatigue failure. Therefore, the factory testing of photovoltaic bracket dampers must meet a complex set of requirements: full inspection, precise bidirectional stroke measurement, compatibility with various specifications, and high accuracy even under eccentric clamping conditions. These are precisely the aspects that conventional damper testing technologies struggle to simultaneously satisfy.

[0003] The conventional inspection method for photovoltaic bracket dampers mainly relies on a sampling inspection mode using a hydraulic drawing machine combined with manual measurement with vernier calipers. During testing, the operator loads the damper into the drawing machine, applies the maximum tensile force and maximum compressive force sequentially, and then manually reads the maximum and minimum lengths of the damper using measuring tools. This method not only requires the operator to read the values ​​for each piece, making it difficult to achieve high-speed full-inspection capacity, but the reading process is also highly dependent on individual experience, often resulting in systematic deviations in test results between different shifts and different operators. Furthermore, the conventional approach relies solely on the displacement indication of the drawing machine to determine whether the "true limit stroke" has been reached, making it difficult to identify "pseudo-saturation" problems in the displacement signal caused by piston jamming, internal foreign objects, or sealing abnormalities, leading to misjudgments. In multi-specification mixed-line production scenarios, the conventional approach also requires the operator to manually adjust the limit switches, zero the circuit, and set the threshold for each damper specification change, resulting in a long turnaround time and making it difficult to meet customers' needs for flexible production lines.

[0004] In some existing technologies, for example, Chinese invention patent application (publication number CN108036999A) discloses a novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shear and tensile / compressive loading of rock mass, which includes a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device, and a displacement sensor, mainly for testing the mechanical properties of rock mass. Another example is a gantry-type mechanical testing mechanism and gantry-type mechanical testing machine disclosed in Chinese invention patent application (publication number CN112098201A), which includes a worktable, a drive and guide mechanism, a displacement sensor, and a force sensor, for mechanical testing of general materials. Yet another example is a device for reducing displacement and fatigue deformation of flexible photovoltaic systems disclosed in Chinese utility model patent (authorization announcement number CN221728238U), which monitors the displacement of the photovoltaic support by setting a scale pointer and upper and lower displacement markers. The above-mentioned existing technologies do not address aspects such as automatic determination of the true limit stroke in the full inspection scenario of dampers leaving the factory, adaptive replacement of multiple specifications, continuous bidirectional tensile and compressive testing, and measurement compensation under eccentric clamping, making them difficult to directly transfer to the full inspection production line of photovoltaic support dampers.

[0005] Furthermore, existing technologies still have shortcomings in the following aspects: First, relying solely on displacement signals to determine whether the damper has reached its limit stroke can lead to misjudgments when jamming or abnormal sealing resistance occurs inside the damper. Second, when replacing dampers of different specifications, parameters such as limit positions, range intervals, and drive rates all require manual adjustment, resulting in low flexibility. Third, the limit strokes in both tensile and compressive directions need to be tested separately, resulting in long cycle times for each component, and the return to zero after reversal relies on manual interpretation. Fourth, axial deviation is unavoidable during damper clamping, and conventional devices lack methods for identifying and compensating for the additional bending moment caused by axial eccentricity, leading to measurement results that deviate from the true axial damping performance. Given these numerous shortcomings of conventional photovoltaic bracket damper testing devices, developing a precision damper testing device that can simultaneously meet the requirements of full inspection cycle time, bidirectional continuous measurement, multi-specification adaptability, and eccentricity compensation is a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, an automatic testing device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria is provided. Through a multi-specification limit stroke automatic testing architecture driven by force-displacement dual-signal criteria, this device solves the technical problems of existing damper testing devices, such as difficulty in automatically determining the true limit stroke, inability to quickly change models in mixed-specification scenarios, inability to continuously and automatically test bidirectional tensile and compressive strokes, and easy measurement inaccuracies under eccentric clamping conditions. This enables high-precision, high-cycle, and highly adaptive automated testing of photovoltaic dampers in full-inspection scenarios.

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria, comprising a frame, a drive module, a detection module, a monitoring module, and a controller; The drive module is fixedly mounted vertically on one side of the frame. The drive module includes a sliding frame that can slide back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the frame and a linear driver that drives the sliding frame to slide back and forth. The detection module is disposed on the other side of the frame relative to the drive module. The detection module is provided with a fixed limiting part for constraining one end of the damper under test and a movable limiting part for constraining the other end of the damper under test. The movable limiting part is fixedly disposed on the sliding frame. The movable limiting part is provided with a floating hinge seat. The floating hinge seat allows the axis of the damper under test to have a preset degree of freedom of angle relative to the sliding direction of the sliding frame. The detection module also includes a pair of pressure sensors symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating hinge seat along the sliding direction of the sliding frame; The monitoring module is vertically arranged on one side of the detection module. The monitoring module includes a displacement detection unit that is vertically fixed to the frame and adjacent to the sliding frame, and a detection part that is fixed to the sliding frame and moves synchronously with the sliding frame. The controller is connected to the linear actuator, a pair of pressure sensors, and the displacement detection unit respectively; the controller stores specification parameters corresponding to various types of dampers; the controller is configured to: In response to the specification selection signal of the damper under test, the corresponding specification parameters are called; the sliding frame is driven to push the damper under test with a preset preload, and the reading of the displacement detection unit at this time is recorded as the zero value; the tensile range and compression range are set with the zero value as the center and the rated stroke in the specification parameters. The sliding frame is driven forward at a preset driving rate, and the pressure signals of a pair of pressure sensors and the displacement signals of the displacement detection unit are collected simultaneously. When the absolute value of the pressure change rate is greater than a preset first threshold and the absolute value of the displacement change rate is less than a preset second threshold, it is determined that the damper under test has reached the maximum tensile stroke, and the tensile stroke value and the peak value of the tensile pressure are recorded. The sliding frame is driven in the reverse direction. When the pressure signals of the pair of pressure sensors fall back to the preset tolerance range of the pre-pressure, the reversal and return to zero are determined to be complete. The sliding frame is driven in reverse at the preset driving rate. When the above criteria are met again, it is determined that the tested damper has reached the maximum compression stroke, and the compression stroke value and the peak compression pressure are recorded. It outputs a test report containing the tensile stroke value, the peak tensile pressure, the compression stroke value, the peak compression pressure, and the pass / fail result.

[0008] Preferably, the pair of pressure sensors are of the same model and their measuring ends are respectively arranged facing the two sides of the floating hinge seat; the controller is also configured to take the average value of the real-time signals of the pair of pressure sensors as the pressure criterion signal.

[0009] Preferably, the floating hinge seat includes a spherical floating hinge bearing, and the spherical floating hinge bearing has a yaw angle range of ±5°.

[0010] Preferably, the movable limiting part further includes a hinge block and a pin that can be plugged into the hinge block; the pin is used to detachably connect the movable end of the damper under test to the hinge block.

[0011] Preferably, the drive module further includes a slide rail, which is arranged along the vertical direction of the frame and guides the sliding frame to slide back and forth along the vertical direction of the frame.

[0012] Preferably, the linear actuator is a hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed to the rear side of the frame, and its output end is fixedly connected to the sliding frame.

[0013] Preferably, the detection unit includes a block that dynamically blocks the detection end of the displacement detection unit, and a connecting frame that fixes the block to one side of the sliding frame; the block is configured in a non-contact manner with the detection end of the displacement detection unit.

[0014] Preferably, the displacement detection unit is a grating ruler.

[0015] Preferably, the specifications include the rated stroke, maximum damping force, preload, preset drive speed, preset first threshold, and preset second threshold of the damper of the corresponding specifications.

[0016] Preferably, the controller is further configured to: calculate in real time the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the readings of a pair of pressure sensors to the maximum damping force in the specification parameters; when the ratio is greater than a preset eccentricity threshold, the controller outputs an eccentricity over-limit alarm signal. The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: I. This invention compares the pressure signals from a pair of pressure sensors with the displacement signals from a displacement detection unit to a controller for judgment. This allows the limit stroke of the damper under test to no longer rely solely on displacement signal readings, but rather on the coupling relationship between the pressure mutation rate and the displacement change rate. This effectively distinguishes between the damper under test truly reaching its mechanical limit and pseudo-saturation conditions such as piston jamming or abnormal sealing resistance. It avoids the false detections and missed detections caused by conventional judgment based solely on displacement signals, making the measurement results of the damper's limit stroke closer to its true mechanical limit.

[0017] Second, this invention utilizes a multi-specification damper parameter table pre-stored in the controller, along with zero-point self-calibration under pre-pressure and automatic setting of tensile and compressive ranges. This enables the device to perform fully automatic type change from specification selection signal to test start in mixed-line full inspection scenarios for various specifications of dampers without manual adjustment of limit switches and thresholds. This effectively reduces the type change time and operator intervention requirements of multi-specification production lines, allowing the flexible full inspection capacity of photovoltaic dampers to be fully released.

[0018] Third, this invention utilizes the built-in bidirectional continuous testing logic of the controller. After determining the limit stroke in the tensile direction, it uses the pressure signal falling back to the preset tolerance range of the pre-pressure as the criterion for reversing to zero, and automatically continues the criterion test in the compression direction. This allows the damper under test to complete the full inspection of the limit stroke in both the tensile and compression directions in a single clamping, eliminating the cumbersome process of multiple clamping and manual switching in conventional testing, and simultaneously improving the testing cycle time and data integrity.

[0019] Fourth, this invention provides a preset angular degree of freedom for the axis of the damper under test through a floating hinge seat. With the average value of a pair of pressure sensors symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating hinge seat as the pressure criterion signal, the damper can still be measured in a way that is closest to the actual axial force under real working conditions where clamping deviations are unavoidable. At the same time, the eccentricity is identified and an alarm is output by the ratio of the difference between the two pressure signals to the maximum damping force, so that the measurement results under eccentric installation conditions have self-verification capability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A three-dimensional automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria. Figure 1 .

[0021] Figure 2 A three-dimensional automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria. Figure 2 .

[0022] Figure 3 A side view of an automatic photovoltaic damper detection device based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria. Figure 1 .

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of part A.

[0024] Figure 5 A side view of an automatic photovoltaic damper detection device based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria. Figure 2 .

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of section B.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural breakdown of the drive module and detection module in an automatic photovoltaic damper detection device based on a force-displacement dual-signal criterion. Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural breakdown of the drive module and detection module in an automatic photovoltaic damper detection device based on a force-displacement dual-signal criterion. Figure 2 .

[0028] Figure 9 This is a system connection diagram between the controller and various signal sources in an automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on a force-displacement dual-signal criterion.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the logic flow of the force-displacement dual-signal criterion in an automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on the force-displacement dual-signal criterion.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the logic flow for multi-specification adaptive zero-position calibration and range self-calibration in an automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the logical flow of a photovoltaic damper automatic detection device based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria for bidirectional continuous tensile-compression testing and abnormal working condition identification.

[0032] The numbers on the map are: 1. Frame; 2. Drive module; 21. Sliding frame; 22. Linear driver; 23. Slide rail; 3. Detection module; 31. Fixed limit part; 32. Movable limit part; 321. Hinge block; 322. Pin; 33. Pressure sensor; 33a. First pressure sensor; 33b. Second pressure sensor; 4. Monitoring module; 41. Detection part; 411. Stop; 412. Connecting frame; 42. Detection unit; 5. Controller; 6. Specification recognition unit; 7. Human-machine interaction unit. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1: See Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this embodiment provides an automatic detection device for the limit stroke of photovoltaic dampers of multiple specifications based on force-displacement dual signal criteria, including a frame 1, a drive module 2, a detection module 3, a monitoring module 4, and a controller 5.

[0035] The drive module 2 is vertically fixed on one side of the frame 1. The drive module 2 includes a sliding frame 21 capable of reciprocating along the longitudinal direction of the frame 1 and a linear actuator 22 driving the sliding frame 21 to reciprocate. The detection module 3 is located opposite the drive module 2 on the other side of the frame 1. The detection module 3 has a fixed limiting part 31 for constraining one end of the damper under test and a movable limiting part 32 for constraining the other end of the damper under test. The movable limiting part 32 is fixedly mounted on the sliding frame 21. The movable limiting part 32 has a floating hinge seat, which allows the axis of the damper under test to be relative to the sliding frame 21. The sliding direction of the sliding frame 21 has a preset angular degree of freedom; the detection module 3 also includes a pair of pressure sensors 33 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating hinge seat along the sliding direction of the sliding frame 21; the monitoring module 4 is vertically arranged on one side of the detection module 3, and the monitoring module 4 includes a displacement detection unit 42 vertically fixed to the frame 1 and adjacent to the sliding frame 21, and a detection part 41 fixed on the sliding frame 21 and moving synchronously with the sliding frame 21; the controller 5 is signal connected to the linear actuator 22, the pair of pressure sensors 33 and the displacement detection unit 42 respectively; the controller 5 contains The controller 5 stores specification parameters corresponding to various damper specifications; it is configured to: respond to the specification selection signal of the damper under test, call the corresponding specification parameters; drive the sliding frame 21 to push against the damper under test with a preset pre-pressure, and record the reading of the displacement detection unit 42 at this time as the zero value; set the tensile range and compression range according to the rated stroke in the specification parameters, centered on the zero value; drive the sliding frame 21 forward with a preset driving speed, and simultaneously collect the pressure signals of the pair of pressure sensors 33 and the displacement signal of the displacement detection unit 42; when the absolute value of the pressure change rate is greater than a preset first threshold, and When the absolute value of the displacement change rate is less than a preset second threshold, the tested damper is determined to have reached its maximum tensile stroke, and the tensile stroke value and the peak value of the tensile pressure are recorded. The sliding frame 21 is driven in reverse, and when the pressure signals of the pair of pressure sensors 33 fall back to the preset tolerance range of the pre-pressure, the reversal and return to zero are determined to be completed. The sliding frame 21 is driven in reverse at the preset driving rate, and when the above criteria are met again, the tested damper is determined to have reached its maximum compression stroke, and the compression stroke value and the peak value of the compression pressure are recorded. A test report containing the tensile stroke value, the peak value of the tensile pressure, the compression stroke value, the peak value of the compression pressure, and the pass / fail determination result is output.

[0036] In practical applications, the fixed end of the photovoltaic bracket damper under test is connected to the corresponding hinge structure on the fixed limiting part 31 via a pin, and the movable end is connected to the corresponding hinge structure on the movable limiting part 32 via a floating hinge seat. Then, the controller 5 is activated. The controller 5 calls the corresponding specification parameters and drives the sliding frame 21 to complete the zero-position calibration with a preset pre-pressure. Then, it performs dual-signal criterion tests in the tensile direction, zero return, and compression direction in sequence, and finally outputs a test report. In this way, the true limit stroke of the damper under test no longer depends solely on the displacement indication, but is jointly determined by the coupling relationship between the pressure mutation rate and the displacement change rate. This can effectively identify pseudo-saturation displacement signals caused by piston jamming, abnormal sealing resistance, or internal foreign objects.

[0037] To ensure that this embodiment can stably support and maintain the horizontality of the vertical frame structure, the frame 1 in this embodiment further adopts a vertical frame structure, and multiple leveling feet are arranged at the four corners of its bottom. The leveling feet can be composed of conventional adjustable bolt feet, which are used to compensate for the flatness deviation of the ground at the installation site, so that the verticality of the frame 1 always meets the accuracy requirements of the sliding frame 21 sliding longitudinally.

[0038] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, a pair of pressure sensors 33 are of the same model, and their measuring ends are respectively arranged facing the two sides of the floating hinge seat. The controller 5 is also configured to take the average value of the real-time signals of the pair of pressure sensors 33 as the pressure criterion signal. Therefore, the symmetrical arrangement of the two pressure signals not only provides an average value that is closer to the actual axial force of the damper under test, but also distributes the bending moment component caused by clamping eccentricity to the difference between the two sensor readings, providing the original signal for subsequent eccentricity determination. In this embodiment, the pair of pressure sensors 33 are respectively referred to as the first pressure sensor 33a and the second pressure sensor 33b. Commercially available column-type pressure sensors or commercially available strain gauge-type pressure sensors, etc., with high linearity and overload resistance, can be selected; this invention does not limit this.

[0039] As a preferred option, see Figure 2 As shown, the floating hinge seat in this embodiment includes a spherical floating hinge bearing, and the spherical floating hinge bearing has a deflection angle range of ±5°. Therefore, the unavoidable axial deviation of the damper under test during clamping can be adaptively absorbed by the spherical floating hinge bearing within its own angular degree of freedom, ensuring that the axial displacement and pressure output by the sliding frame 21 are transmitted along the true axis of the damper under test, thereby avoiding contamination of the measurement results by additional bending moment.

[0040] Further, see Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the movable limiting part 32 further includes a hinge block 321 and a pin 322 that can be plugged into the hinge block 321; the pin 322 is used to detachably connect the movable end of the damper under test to the hinge block 321. The fixed limiting part 31 and the movable limiting part 32 can be designed as the same modular unit in structure, both of which are provided with hinge block 321 and pin 322 assemblies for easy quick assembly and disassembly; when it is necessary to hinge the end of the damper under test to the hinge block 321, the operator only needs to pull out the pin 322, place the end of the damper under test to be limited in the receiving groove of the hinge block 321, and then reinsert the pin 322 and align it with the hinge hole to complete the quick limiting and fixing of the end of the damper under test to the movable limiting part 32.

[0041] Further, see Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the drive module 2 further includes a slide rail 23, which is arranged along the vertical direction of the frame 1 and guides the sliding frame 21 to reciprocate along the vertical direction of the frame 1. In this embodiment, the slide rail 23 is fixedly installed at the front end of the frame 1 in a vertical position. The sliding frame 21 is slidably installed on the slide rail 23 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the linear actuator 22 through a connector, so that the reciprocating motion of the drive end can be directly transmitted to the sliding frame 21.

[0042] As a preferred option, see Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the linear actuator 22 is a hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed to the rear side of the frame 1, and its output end is fixedly connected to the sliding frame 21. The hydraulic cylinder can provide a stable and large linear driving force through the hydraulic system, and its output end can achieve smooth telescopic movement under the action of controlled hydraulic oil flow, thereby driving the sliding frame 21 to reciprocate along the guiding direction of the slide rail 23, and adapting to the different bearing requirements of different specifications of dampers for maximum damping force.

[0043] Further, see Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the detection unit 41 includes a stop 411 that dynamically blocks the detection end of the displacement detection unit 42, and a connecting frame 412 that fixes the stop 411 to one side of the sliding frame 21; the stop 411 is non-contact with the detection end of the displacement detection unit 42. When the sliding frame 21 reciprocates along the guide direction of the slide rail 23 under the drive of the linear actuator 22, the stop 411 fixedly installed on one side of it by the connecting frame 412 will move synchronously with the sliding frame 21; the stop 411 always covers the detection end of the displacement detection unit 42 during the movement but remains non-contact, thereby avoiding direct friction or mechanical interference.

[0044] As a preferred option, see Figure 2As shown, the displacement detection unit 42 in this embodiment is a grating ruler. The grating ruler has high displacement resolution and good environmental adaptability, and can provide continuous, stable, and repeatable displacement readings in the scenario of full inspection of multi-specification dampers. The present invention does not limit the sensing principle of the displacement detection unit 42, and can also use commercially available magnetostrictive displacement sensors, commercially available laser displacement sensors, or commercially available inductive displacement sensors, etc., which have high linear displacement detection functions.

[0045] Specifically, the specifications in this embodiment include the rated stroke, maximum damping force, preload, preset drive rate, preset first threshold, and preset second threshold of the damper of the corresponding specification. These specifications are typically stored in the non-volatile memory of the controller 5 in the form of a parameter table and can be retrieved with a single key press using a specification selection signal. Taking a medium-sized damper commonly used in photovoltaic tracking brackets as an example, its rated stroke and maximum damping force can be provided by the damper supplier in the factory parameter table. The preload can be a small percentage of the maximum damping force to ensure that the damper does not undergo substantial compression during zero-position calibration. The preset drive rate, preset first threshold, and preset second threshold are calibrated and written into the damper according to the process parameters of the damper of this specification during the production line commissioning phase.

[0046] Further, see Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the controller 5 is further configured to: calculate in real time the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the readings of a pair of pressure sensors 33 to the maximum damping force in the specification parameters; when the ratio is greater than a preset eccentricity threshold, the controller 5 outputs an eccentricity over-limit alarm signal. Therefore, when there is significant axial eccentricity after the damper under test is clamped, the reading difference between the first pressure sensor 33a and the second pressure sensor 33b will increase significantly. The controller 5 identifies the eccentricity state by the ratio of this difference to the maximum damping force and outputs an eccentricity over-limit alarm when it exceeds the threshold, prompting the operator to re-clamp the damper under test and retest.

[0047] To further clarify the working mechanism of this embodiment, the following is combined with... Figure 10The force-displacement dual-signal judgment process of controller 5 is described in detail. After the process starts, controller 5 calls the specification parameters that match the specification selection signal; it drives the sliding frame 21 to push against the damper under test with a preset pre-pressure, and records the reading of displacement detection unit 42 as the zero value after the average pressure signal of a pair of pressure sensors 33 stabilizes; it drives the sliding frame 21 forward with a preset drive rate, and controller 5 simultaneously samples the pressure signal of a pair of pressure sensors 33 and the displacement signal of displacement detection unit 42, and calculates the pressure change rate and displacement change rate at preset sampling cycles. Before the tested damper reaches its mechanical limit, the displacement change rate is maintained at a level comparable to the drive speed, and the pressure change rate is maintained at a low value. Once the piston of the tested damper reaches the internal stop surface or the cylinder head seal, the absolute value of the displacement change rate drops rapidly and falls below the preset second threshold. At the same time, the absolute value of the pressure change rate rises sharply and exceeds the preset first threshold. If the above two conditions are not met at the same time, the sliding frame continues to move forward and repeats the above timing calculation and criterion comparison. The controller 5 then determines that the tested damper has reached the maximum tensile stroke and locks the tensile stroke value and the peak tensile pressure at this time.

[0048] Example 2: See Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment, based on the overall structure of Embodiment 1, further provides a specific implementation method for zero-point calibration and range self-calibration in the scenario of full inspection of mixed-specification dampers. This embodiment also includes a specification identification unit 6, which is signal-connected to the controller 5 and configured to generate a specification selection signal for the damper under test through barcode reading, electronic tag reading, or manual input from the human-machine interaction unit 7.

[0049] In practical applications, photovoltaic bracket dampers can have specification labels affixed or tied in previous processes before factory testing. These labels carry the damper's specification number or all specification parameters. Upon entering this device, the specification identification unit 6 reads the label information and sends a specification selection signal to the controller 5. The controller 5 then automatically retrieves the corresponding specification parameters, performs range self-calibration, and sets the tensile and compressive ranges as symmetrical intervals centered at zero and with half-width equal to the rated stroke. This eliminates the need for process personnel to manually adjust limit positions, ranges, or drive speeds when switching specifications, giving the device truly flexible full-inspection capabilities.

[0050] As a variation, in a scenario where the production line is not yet equipped with automatic identification hardware, the operator can directly select the specification number of the damper being tested through the touch screen of the human-machine interaction unit 7. The controller 5 then completes the call of the corresponding specification parameters based on the manual input signal, which has the same functional effect as the automatic identification path.

[0051] Furthermore, the preset drive rate and rated stroke in the specifications can be linked. For small-sized dampers with a small rated stroke and high accuracy requirements, the preset drive rate is adaptively set to a lower value to ensure displacement sampling density; for conventional-sized dampers with a large rated stroke, the preset drive rate is set to a medium value to accommodate the test cycle; for large-sized dampers with an even larger rated stroke, the preset drive rate can be moderately increased but still maintained within a range that does not cause displacement overshoot. The preset first threshold and preset second threshold can also be linked with the specifications. The preset first threshold and preset second threshold for small-sized dampers are set to lower values ​​to improve the sensitivity of limit identification; the two thresholds for large-sized dampers are set to higher values ​​to avoid non-limit pressure fluctuations that may occur during normal processes. In this way, after pre-storing multiple specification parameter tables within the device, the thresholds and drive rate can be automatically linked and adjusted according to specification switching without human intervention.

[0052] Example 3: See Figure 1 and Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment is based on the overall structure of embodiment 1, and further implements the working condition of completing the tensile and compressive bidirectional limit stroke test in one clamping.

[0053] After the damper under test completes zero-position calibration, controller 5 first determines the limit stroke in the tensile direction according to the force-displacement dual-signal criterion given in Example 1, and latches the tensile stroke value and the peak value of the tensile pressure. Then, controller 5 switches the running direction of linear drive 22 to drive slide frame 21 back slowly in the reverse direction. During the retraction process, the average pressure signal of a pair of pressure sensors 33 will gradually decrease. When it decreases to the preset tolerance range of the pre-pressure, controller 5 determines that the reversal and return to zero are complete. Then, controller 5 drives slide frame 21 in the reverse direction again at a preset drive rate to perform a criterion test in the compression direction on the damper under test. After the criterion is met again, the compression stroke value and the peak value of the compression pressure are latched. During the entire test process, the operator does not need to intervene in the device, and the precise measurement of the limit stroke in both directions of the damper under test can be completed in one clamping.

[0054] Furthermore, controller 5 is also configured to output corresponding alarms under abnormal operating conditions. When the absolute value of the displacement change rate is less than the preset second threshold and the absolute value of the pressure change rate is less than the preset first threshold, it indicates that the tested damper has neither undergone significant displacement nor triggered a pressure surge. At this time, controller 5 determines that the tested damper is abnormally stuck and outputs a stuck alarm signal through the human-machine interface unit 7. This condition usually means that the piston inside the tested damper is stuck by a foreign object or that the sealing resistance is abnormal, and the operator needs to be prompted to keep the damper for separate inspection. In this way, this device has the ability to automatically identify abnormal operating conditions while performing a full inspection process, preventing abnormal parts from flowing into the next process.

[0055] As a variation, controller 5 can also perform tolerance comparison between the sum of the tensile stroke and the compression stroke values ​​and the rated total stroke in the specification parameters. When the comparison deviation exceeds the preset tolerance, a continuity verification alarm signal is output to identify situations where the tested damper has asymmetrical deviations in the stroke in two directions or the sample exceeds the upper or lower limit of the specification, thus enabling process-level statistical observability for production line management.

[0056] Example 4: See Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment focuses on the off-center load compensation and re-detection process achieved by the floating hinge seat and a pair of pressure sensors 33.

[0057] When the photovoltaic tracking bracket damper is clamped to the movable limiting part 32, axial deviation is inevitable. This can be caused by factors such as misalignment of the hinge holes at both ends of the incoming damper, failure of the operator to fully position the pin 322 during clamping, or cumulative deviations in the production line alignment tooling. In this situation, the spherical floating hinge bearing allows a small angle of inclination of the axis of the damper under test relative to the sliding direction of the sliding frame 21 within its ±5° angular degree of freedom. This ensures that the axial force from the linear actuator 22 is always transmitted along the true axis of the damper under test, avoiding the inclusion of additional bending moment in the axial force measurement results. Simultaneously, the first pressure sensor 33a and the second pressure sensor 33b are symmetrically arranged along the sliding direction. The controller 5 averages these two sensors to obtain the pressure criterion signal. If the clamping eccentricity still exceeds the absorption range of the floating hinge seat, the difference between the two pressure signals will increase accordingly.

[0058] Furthermore, after the eccentricity over-limit alarm is triggered, controller 5 can pause the current test process and prompt the operator to check the clamping status of the damper under test. After the operator re-clamps the damper, controller 5 automatically resets the zero value and re-enters the test process, thereby realizing a self-verification and re-test closed loop under eccentric load conditions. The eccentricity tolerance curve in this embodiment can also be linked with the specification parameters, that is, the allowable eccentricity threshold for dampers of different specifications can be preset separately in the specification parameter table to avoid a single threshold being too strict or too lenient on all specifications at the same time.

[0059] Example 5: See Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment focuses on the implementation of this device in both offline and online data delivery scenarios. This embodiment also includes a human-computer interaction unit 7, which is signal-connected to the controller 5 and includes a display module and a report output module.

[0060] In offline scenarios, after completing the test, the controller 5 will display the tensile stroke value, tensile pressure peak value, compression stroke value, compression pressure peak value and pass / fail judgment result on the display module, and output the complete test report in printed or electronic form through the report output module; the operator can transfer the report along with the tested damper to the subsequent process.

[0061] In a networked scenario, controller 5 can synchronously upload the above detection results to the production line management system via a wired or wireless data interface, and associate them with the material traceability information of the tested damper in the production line management system, thereby realizing the accumulation of process quality data for piece-by-piece traceability. This invention does not limit the specific form of the human-machine interface unit; it can be a combination of a commercially available industrial touchscreen, a button panel and a display screen, or an industrial all-in-one machine with a printing module, etc. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select the appropriate form based on production line conditions.

[0062] Example 6: This embodiment provides modified implementations of several components from Embodiments 1 to 5.

[0063] Variations of the linear actuator 22: In scenarios where noise is sensitive or oil contamination is strictly controlled, the linear actuator 22 can be replaced by an electric linear drive structure with a servo motor and ball screw, an electric cylinder, or other linear drive structures such as commercially available servo push rods. The modified implementation has the same longitudinal reciprocating sliding drive function as the hydraulic cylinder, and the present invention does not limit it.

[0064] Variations of the displacement detection unit 42: In addition to using a grating ruler, the displacement detection unit 42 can also use commercially available magnetostrictive displacement sensors, commercially available laser displacement sensors, or commercially available inductive displacement sensors, etc., which have high linear displacement detection capabilities; the above-mentioned modified embodiments have the same displacement sampling function as the grating ruler.

[0065] Variations of the floating hinge seat: In addition to spherical floating hinge bearings, the floating hinge seat can also adopt hinge structures with small degrees of freedom, such as cross hinge structures, rubber vibration damping hinge structures, or flexible hinge plates; the above-mentioned variations can replace spherical floating hinge bearings under different emphases on vibration, stiffness, and life indicators.

[0066] Deformation of leveling feet: The leveling feet can adopt various structures such as bolt-type adjustable feet, spring-loaded damping feet, and wedge-type adjustable feet. This invention does not limit the specific form of the leveling feet.

[0067] Variations of the human-machine interaction unit: In addition to industrial touch screens, the human-machine interaction unit can also be implemented by a combination of button panel and display screen, industrial all-in-one machine with remote login function, or portable terminal that can be paired with mobile devices.

[0068] Deformation of frame 1: In addition to a vertical frame structure, frame 1 can also adopt a portal structure, gantry structure or a symmetrical structure with front and rear columns, etc., which have the ability to accommodate longitudinal sliding. The above-mentioned deformed structures have the same load-bearing and positioning functions as the vertical frame structure.

[0069] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria, characterized in that, It includes a rack, drive module, detection module, monitoring module, and controller; The drive module is fixedly mounted vertically on one side of the frame. The drive module includes a sliding frame that can slide back and forth along the longitudinal direction of the frame and a linear driver that drives the sliding frame to slide back and forth. The detection module is disposed on the other side of the frame relative to the drive module. The detection module is provided with a fixed limiting part for constraining one end of the damper under test and a movable limiting part for constraining the other end of the damper under test. The movable limiting part is fixedly disposed on the sliding frame. The movable limiting part is provided with a floating hinge seat. The floating hinge seat allows the axis of the damper under test to have a preset degree of freedom of angle relative to the sliding direction of the sliding frame. The detection module also includes a pair of pressure sensors symmetrically arranged on both sides of the floating hinge seat along the sliding direction of the sliding frame; The monitoring module is vertically arranged on one side of the detection module. The monitoring module includes a displacement detection unit that is vertically fixed to the frame and adjacent to the sliding frame, and a detection part that is fixed to the sliding frame and moves synchronously with the sliding frame. The controller is connected to the linear actuator, a pair of pressure sensors, and the displacement detection unit respectively; the controller stores the specification parameters corresponding to various specifications of dampers.

2. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is configured to: In response to the specification selection signal of the damper under test, the corresponding specification parameters are called; the sliding frame is driven to push the damper under test with a preset preload, and the reading of the displacement detection unit at this time is recorded as the zero value; the tensile range and compression range are set with the zero value as the center and the rated stroke in the specification parameters. The sliding frame is driven forward at a preset driving rate, and the pressure signals of a pair of pressure sensors and the displacement signals of the displacement detection unit are collected simultaneously. When the absolute value of the pressure change rate is greater than a preset first threshold and the absolute value of the displacement change rate is less than a preset second threshold, it is determined that the damper under test has reached the maximum tensile stroke, and the tensile stroke value and the peak value of the tensile pressure are recorded. The sliding frame is driven in the reverse direction. When the pressure signals of the pair of pressure sensors fall back to the preset tolerance range of the pre-pressure, the reversal and return to zero are determined to be complete. The sliding frame is driven in reverse at the preset driving rate. When the above criteria are met again, it is determined that the tested damper has reached the maximum compression stroke, and the compression stroke value and the peak compression pressure are recorded. It outputs a test report containing the tensile stroke value, the peak tensile pressure, the compression stroke value, the peak compression pressure, and the pass / fail result.

3. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pair of pressure sensors are of the same model and their measuring ends are respectively arranged facing the two sides of the floating hinge seat; the controller is also configured to take the average value of the real-time signals of the pair of pressure sensors as the pressure criterion signal.

4. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 3, characterized in that, The floating hinge seat includes a spherical floating hinge bearing, and the spherical floating hinge bearing has a yaw angle range of ±5°.

5. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable limiting part also includes a hinge block and a pin that can be plugged into the hinge block; the pin is used to detachably connect the movable end of the damper under test to the hinge block.

6. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive module also includes a slide rail, which is arranged along the vertical direction of the frame and guides the sliding frame to slide back and forth along the vertical direction of the frame; the linear actuator is a hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed to the rear side of the frame, and its output end is fixedly connected to the sliding frame.

7. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detection unit includes a block that dynamically blocks the detection end of the displacement detection unit, and a connecting frame that fixes the block to one side of the sliding frame; the block is non-contact with the detection end of the displacement detection unit.

8. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 7, characterized in that, The displacement detection unit is a grating ruler.

9. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specifications include the rated stroke, maximum damping force, preload, preset drive speed, preset first threshold, and preset second threshold of the damper of the corresponding specification.

10. The automatic detection device for photovoltaic dampers based on force-displacement dual-signal criteria according to claim 3, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to: calculate in real time the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the readings of a pair of pressure sensors to the maximum damping force in the specification parameters; when the ratio is greater than a preset eccentricity threshold, the controller outputs an eccentricity over-limit alarm signal.

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