Water quality detection and analysis device and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of water quality detection equipment, and discloses a water quality detection and analysis device which comprises a detector, a sensor, an adjusting assembly and a stabilizing assembly. The sensor is electrically connected with the detector through a data line and can be immersed in water for detection. The adjusting assembly is arranged on the data line and can automatically climb or drop on the data line to change the length of the data line between the sensor and the adjusting assembly, and utilize the water buoyancy and the data line to limit the sinking of the sensor, so that the detection depth of the sensor can be flexibly changed. The stabilizing assembly is arranged on the detector. The application can automatically switch the detection water depth of the sensor, respectively complete the layered in-situ detection of the surface layer, the middle layer and the bottom layer, effectively identify the bottom source pollution, the water quality mutation layer and the thermocline change, and does not need manual operation of winding and unwinding, adjusting and the like of the sensor and the data line, so that the detection gap and the waste of human resources are greatly reduced, and the comprehensiveness and accuracy of water quality detection are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of water quality testing equipment, specifically, it relates to a water quality testing and analysis device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Water quality testing and analysis instruments are core equipment for water environment monitoring, pollution prevention and control, and ecological protection. They can detect key parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in water bodies online. They are widely used in the routine monitoring of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, drinking water sources, and sewage outlets, providing data support for water quality assessment, pollution source tracing, and risk early warning.

[0003] When existing water quality testing instruments test outdoor natural water bodies, the sensor is first completely submerged in the water, placing it at the surface, middle, or bottom layer of the water. The sensor at the front end of the probe directly contacts the water, converting the physicochemical indicators in the water into recognizable electrical or optical signals. The instrument host receives the signals through a data cable and converts them into corresponding water quality concentration values, analyzing the individual water quality data of the surface, middle, or bottom layer of the water body.

[0004] Because natural water bodies exhibit significant vertical stratification, there are substantial differences in temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutant content at different water depths. Surface water is significantly affected by sunlight and algal activity, while bottom water is prone to accumulating sediment pollutants and reducing substances. Therefore, testing a single water layer may result in the omission of crucial information such as endogenous pollution at the bottom and abrupt changes in water quality.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies involve retrieving the sensor after data detection in one water layer, then replacing it with a data cable of different lengths to submerge the sensor in another water layer for further detection. This process is repeated multiple times to obtain data from multiple water layers. However, this method requires multiple retrieving, deploying, and replacing operations, increasing the number of steps required by personnel, making the detection process cumbersome and time-consuming, and impacting detection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a water quality detection and analysis device, comprising: a detector; a sensor, wherein the sensor is electrically connected to the detector via a data cable and is capable of being submerged in water for detection; an adjustment component, wherein the adjustment component is disposed on the data cable and is capable of automatically rising or falling on the data cable to change the length of the data cable between the sensor and the detector, and using the buoyancy of the water and the data cable to limit the sinking of the sensor, thereby flexibly changing the detection depth of the sensor; and a stabilizing component, wherein the stabilizing component is disposed on the detector and is capable of fixing the retracted adjustment component.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment assembly includes: a housing, which is sleeved on the data cable, wherein a groove is formed on the housing, a retaining plate is fixedly connected to the housing, and a plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing; a first rotating wheel, which is disposed inside the housing and is driven to rotate by a self-locking motor, wherein the self-locking motor is fixedly connected to the housing; a U-shaped rod, which slides left and right within the groove, wherein a threaded hole is formed on the U-shaped rod; a second rotating wheel, which is rotatably mounted on the U-shaped rod via a round shaft and a bearing, wherein the second rotating wheel is disposed inside the housing, and the data cable is disposed between the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel; a screw, which is rotatably connected to the plate via a bearing, wherein the surface of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole formed on the U-shaped rod, and a perforated plate is fixedly connected to the end of the screw away from the plate; and a float, which is threadedly mounted on the retaining plate by a bolt.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting assembly further includes: a cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the side of the outer shell near the screw, wherein a slide is provided on the cylinder; a pin, which is placed in the cylinder and slide and slides left and right, wherein the pin is limited by inserting into any hole in the perforated plate; and a first spring, which is placed inside the cylinder, wherein the two ends of the first spring are fixedly connected to the pin and the inner wall of the cylinder, respectively.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, multiple rubber blocks are fixedly connected to the inner arc surfaces of the first and second rotating wheels, and the multiple rubber blocks are arranged in an alternating manner.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment assembly further includes: a positioning frame, which is fixedly connected to the side of the outer shell away from the float, wherein the positioning frame is sleeved on the data cable; and a plurality of steel balls, which are rotatably mounted inside the annular portion of the positioning frame, wherein the plurality of steel balls are evenly arranged.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rubber ring is fixedly connected to the side of the outer shell near the data cable, wherein the rubber ring is sleeved on the data cable and the inner wall of the rubber ring is in contact with the surface of the data cable.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a protective plate is threadedly installed on the inner side of the card holder, wherein the protective plate is placed around the float.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stabilizing component includes: a sleeve fixedly connected to the detector, wherein a rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of a hole in the sleeve; a second spring sleeved on the rod, wherein both ends of the second spring are fixedly connected to the rod and the sleeve respectively; a locking block fixedly connected to the rod, wherein the locking block is placed inside the sleeve and moves up and down, wherein the locking block is trapezoidal; and a groove block fixedly connected to the outer shell via a round rod, wherein the surface size and shape of the groove block are adapted to the size and shape of the inner wall of the sleeve, wherein the locking block is engaged inside the groove block for limiting.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the groove block has an oblique angle on the edge away from the outer shell, wherein the surface slope of the oblique angle is adapted to the surface slope of the card block.

[0015] A preferred method for water quality testing and analysis: Step 1: According to the detection requirements, use the adjustment components to lower the immersion sensor to the preset detection water depth, and then position it at the surface, middle or bottom of the water body respectively. Step 2: After reaching the set depth, use the self-locking motor to lock the sensor and keep its height fixed, ensuring that the sensor is fully submerged in the water and its position is stable. Step 3: The sensing membrane and optical window of the immersion sensor are in full contact with the target water layer. Through electrochemical and optical sensing, raw electrical and optical signals such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and ORP are continuously collected. Step 4: The original electrical and optical signals are transmitted in real time to the main control unit inside the detector via a data cable. The main control system combines the on-site water temperature and water pressure parameters to perform temperature compensation and depth error correction on the original signals. Step 5: Convert the electrical and optical signals into corresponding water quality concentration values ​​using the built-in standard algorithm to obtain the true water quality parameters of the current water layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention can automatically switch the detection depth of the sensor directly in the water, and complete the in-situ detection of the surface, middle and bottom layers respectively. It can effectively identify the internal pollution of the bottom layer, the water quality change layer and the thermocline change. There is no need for personnel to manually retract, extend or adjust the sensor and data cable, which greatly reduces the detection gap and the waste of human resources, and improves the comprehensiveness, accuracy and efficiency of water quality detection.

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the detector of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the partial structure; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the float of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the outer casing of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first rotating wheel of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the U-shaped rod of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the sleeve of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Detector; 2. Sensor; 3. Data cable; 4. Adjustment component; 41. Housing; 42. Self-locking motor; 43. First rotating wheel; 44. U-shaped rod; 45. Second rotating wheel; 46. Slide groove; 47. Plate; 48. Screw; 49. Perforated plate; 410. Cylinder; 411. Pin; 412. First spring; 413. Card holder; 414. Rubber block; 415. Float; 416. Positioning frame; 417. Steel ball; 418. Rubber ring; 419. Protective plate; 5. Stabilizing component; 51. Sleeve; 52. Rod; 53. Card block; 54. Second spring; 55. Groove block; 56. Angled angle. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0021] Reference Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a water quality detection and analysis device, including: a detector 1; a sensor 2, which is electrically connected to the detector 1 via a data cable 3 and can be submerged in water for detection; an adjustment component 4, which is disposed on the data cable 3 and can automatically rise or fall on the data cable 3 to change the length of the data cable 3 between the sensor 2 and the sensor 2, and use the buoyancy of the water and the data cable 3 to limit the sinking of the sensor 2, thereby flexibly changing the detection depth of the sensor 2; and a stabilizing component 5, which is disposed on the detector 1 and can fix the retracted adjustment component 4.

[0022] Reference Figure 4-8As shown, this embodiment discloses an adjustment component 4 comprising: a housing 41, which is sleeved on the data cable 3, wherein the housing 41 has a sliding groove 46, a card holder 413 is fixedly connected to the housing 41, and a plate 47 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 41; a first rotating wheel 43, which is disposed inside the housing 41 and is driven to rotate by a self-locking motor 42, wherein the self-locking motor 42 is fixedly connected to the housing 41; a U-shaped rod 44, which slides left and right within the sliding groove 46, wherein the U-shaped rod 44 has a threaded hole; and a second rotating wheel 45, which is rotatably mounted on the U-shaped rod 44 via a round shaft and bearing, wherein the second rotating wheel 45 is disposed inside the housing 41, and the data cable 3 is disposed between the first rotating wheel 43 and the second rotating wheel. Between 45; Screw 48, which is rotatably connected to plate 47 via bearing, wherein the surface of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole on U-shaped rod 44, and a perforated plate 49 is fixedly connected to the end of screw 48 away from plate 47; Float 415, which is threadedly mounted on bracket 413 via bolts, and can automatically rise or fall on data cable 3 by setting adjustment component 4, changing the distance between float 415 and sensor 2, increasing or decreasing the length of data cable 3 between float 415 and sensor 2, and using the buoyancy of water to limit float 415, thereby limiting the descent of sensor 2, flexibly changing the detection depth of sensor 2, and continuously detecting water quality at multiple levels without the need for re-installation of sensor 2. The retraction and release mechanism reduces detection steps and improves detection efficiency and accuracy. In use, first place the data cable 3 inside the housing 41, then install the float 415 onto the mounting bracket 413 using bolt threads, positioning the float 415 on the side of the housing 41 closest to the sensor 2. Manually rotate the perforated plate 49 to rotate the screw 48, causing the screw 48 to move the U-shaped rod 44 left and right within the sliding groove 46. This movement of the U-shaped rod 44 causes the second rotating wheel 45 to move closer to the first rotating wheel 43. When the second rotating wheel 45 reaches the position where it presses against the surface of the data cable 3, the adjustment of the second rotating wheel 45 and the clamping of the data cable 3 are completed. At this point, place the sensor 2 and float 415 in the water. In the process, under the action of buoyancy, the float 415 floats on the water surface and drags the sensor 2 through the data cable 3. At this time, the self-locking motor 42 is activated to drive the first rotating wheel 43 to rotate. Under the clamping action of the first rotating wheel 43 and the second rotating wheel 45 on the data cable 3, the first rotating wheel 43 rolls against the surface of the data cable 3 during rotation. As the first rotating wheel 43 rolls, it drives the outer shell 41 and the float 415 to climb or descend along the surface of the data cable 3. At the same time, under the action of buoyancy, the float 415 is restricted, causing the length of the data cable 3 submerged in the water to continuously increase or decrease. Then, the data cable 3 drags the sensor 2 up or down in the water, thereby completing the automatic adjustment of the submersion depth of the sensor 2.

[0023] Reference Figure 4-8 As shown, this embodiment discloses that the adjustment assembly 4 further includes: a cylinder 410, which is fixedly connected to the side of the outer shell 41 near the screw 48, wherein a slide rail is provided on the cylinder 410; a pin 411, which is placed in the cylinder 410 and slide rail and slides left and right, wherein the pin 411 is limited by inserting into any hole on the perforated plate 49; and a first spring 412, which is placed inside the cylinder 410, wherein the two ends of the first spring 412 are fixedly connected to the pin 411 and the inner wall of the cylinder 410 respectively, and the adjustment assembly 410 is adjusted by inserting into the perforated plate 49 and slide rail. A pin 411 is provided so that it can be inserted into any hole of the perforated plate 49 to limit its movement, preventing the perforated plate 49 from accidentally rotating and causing the screw 48 to reverse, thus affecting the stability of the second rotating wheel 45 in clamping the data cable 3. Multiple rubber blocks 414 are fixed to the inner arc surfaces of both the first rotating wheel 43 and the second rotating wheel 45, arranged in an alternating pattern. The rubber blocks 414 increase the contact friction between the first rotating wheel 43, the second rotating wheel 45, and the surface of the data cable 3, reducing slippage of the first rotating wheel 43 and the second rotating wheel 45 when moving on the surface of the data cable 3, thereby improving transmission stability and anti-slip performance.

[0024] Reference Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses that the adjustment component 4 further includes: a positioning frame 416, which is fixedly connected to the side of the outer shell 41 away from the float 415, wherein the positioning frame 416 is sleeved on the data cable 3; and multiple steel balls 417, which are rotatably installed inside the annular portion of the positioning frame 416, wherein the multiple steel balls 417 are evenly arranged. By setting the positioning frame 416, the position of the data cable 3 near the outer shell 41 can be limited, reducing the possibility of the data cable 3 tilting or bending near the outer shell 41 when the first rotating wheel 43 and the second rotating wheel 45 move on the data cable 3, thus affecting the normal climbing or descending movement of the outer shell 41 and the float 415. At the same time, the steel balls 417 can rotate on their own under force, reducing the friction between the positioning frame 416 and the data cable 3, and reducing the wear on the surface of the data cable 3.

[0025] Reference Figure 3As shown, this embodiment discloses a rubber ring 418 fixedly attached to the side of the outer shell 41 near the data cable 3. The rubber ring 418 is sleeved on the data cable 3, and the inner wall of the rubber ring 418 is in contact with the surface of the data cable 3. By setting the rubber ring 418, it can scrape off the impurities adhering to the surface of the data cable 3, reducing the possibility of impurities entering the outer shell 41 and affecting the normal movement of the first rotating wheel 43 and the second rotating wheel 45, thus improving the cleanliness of the inside of the outer shell 41. A protective plate 419 is threadedly installed on the inner side of the card holder 413. The protective plate 419 is placed around the float 415. By setting the protective plate 419, it can be placed on the outer ring of the float 415 to intercept floating debris on the water surface, preventing the debris from directly colliding with the surface of the float 415, reducing the possibility of damage to the float 415 after being hit by floating objects, and improving the safety of the float 415.

[0026] Reference Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment discloses a stabilizing component 5 comprising: a sleeve 51, which is fixedly connected to the detector 1, wherein a rod 52 is slidably connected to the inner wall of a hole on the sleeve 51; a second spring 54, which is sleeved on the rod 52, wherein both ends of the second spring 54 are fixedly connected to the rod 52 and the sleeve 51 respectively; a locking block 53, which is fixedly connected to the rod 52, wherein the locking block 53 is placed inside the sleeve 51 and moves up and down, wherein the locking block 53 is trapezoidal; and a groove block 55, which is fixedly connected to the outer shell 41 by a round rod, wherein the surface size and shape of the groove block 55 are adapted to the size and shape of the inner wall of the sleeve 51, wherein the locking block 53 is engaged inside the groove block 55 for limiting. By setting the stabilizing component 5, the outer shell 41 can be limited when it is not in use or being carried, so that it is fixedly connected to the detector 1, reducing the large-scale movement of the outer shell 41 when the person is carrying the detector 1. To prevent shaking and collisions with external objects or the detector 1, which could cause deformation of the outer casing 41 or wear on the surface of the detector 1, affecting its use and service life, this system improves the stability and convenience of the float 415 and the outer casing 41 when personnel store or carry the detector 1. During use, the outer casing 41 is first manually moved to move the slot block 55. When the slot block 55 moves to the position inside the insert sleeve 51, it presses against the locking block 53, causing the locking block 53 to move and fully retract into the sleeve 51. When the slot block 55 is fully inserted into the sleeve 51, the second spring 54 pushes the locking block 53 towards the inside of the slot block 55 to reset. When the locking block 53 is fully inserted into the slot block 55, it limits the slot block 55, thus completing the storage and fixation of the outer casing 41 and the float 415.

[0027] Reference Figure 9As shown, this embodiment discloses that the groove block 55 has an angled edge 56 on the side edge away from the outer shell 41, wherein the surface slope of the angled edge 56 is adapted to the surface slope of the locking block 53. By opening the angled edge 56 at the edge of the groove block 55, the position of the groove block 55 pressing the locking block 53 can be adapted to the surface slope of the locking block 53, reducing the resistance when the groove block 55 presses the locking block 53 and improving the smoothness of the groove block 55 being inserted into the sleeve 51.

[0028] A water quality testing and analysis method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: According to the detection requirements, use the adjustment component 4 to lower the immersion sensor 2 to the preset detection water depth, and then position it at the surface, middle or bottom layer of the water body respectively. Step 2: After reaching the set depth, use the self-locking motor 42 to lock the sensor 2 at a fixed height, ensuring that the sensor 2 is fully submerged in the water and its position is stable. Step 3: The sensing membrane and optical window of the immersion sensor 2 are in full contact with the target water layer. Through electrochemical sensing and optical sensing, the sensor continuously collects raw electrical and optical signals such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and ORP. Step 4: The original electrical and optical signals are transmitted in real time to the main control unit in the detector 1 via data cable 3. The main control system combines the on-site water temperature and water pressure parameters to perform temperature compensation and depth error correction on the original signals. Step 5: Convert the electrical and optical signals into corresponding water quality concentration values ​​using the built-in standard algorithm to obtain the true water quality parameters of the current water layer.

[0029] The implementation principle of this invention is as follows: First, place the data cable 3 inside the housing 41. Then, install the float 415 onto the mounting bracket 413 using bolt threads, positioning the float 415 on the side of the housing 41 closest to the sensor 2. Manually rotate the perforated plate 49 to rotate the screw 48. The screw 48, threadedly connected to the U-shaped rod 44, causes the U-shaped rod 44 to slide left and right within the groove 46 during rotation. This movement of the U-shaped rod 44 moves the second rotating wheel 45 closer to the first rotating wheel 43. When the second rotating wheel 45 reaches the position where it presses against the surface of the data cable 3, the adjustment of the second rotating wheel 45 and the clamping of the data cable 3 are completed. Then, place the sensor 2 and the float 415 in the water. Under the action of buoyancy, the float 415 floats on the water surface and drags the sensor 2 through the data cable 3. At this time, the self-locking motor 42 is activated to drive the first wheel 43 to rotate. Under the clamping action of the first wheel 43 and the second wheel 45 on the data cable 3, the first wheel 43 rolls against the surface of the data cable 3 during rotation. As the first wheel 43 rolls, it drives the outer shell 41 and the float 415 to climb or descend along the surface of the data cable 3. At the same time, under the action of buoyancy, the float 415 is restricted, causing the length of the data cable 3 submerged in the water to continuously increase or decrease. Then the data cable 3 drags the sensor 2 up or down in the water, thereby completing the automatic adjustment of the submersion depth of the sensor 2. At this time, the sensing membrane and optical window of the immersion sensor 2 are in full contact with the target water layer. Through electrochemical and optical sensing, it continuously collects raw electrical and optical signals such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and ORP of the water body, and transmits them to the main control unit in the detector 1 in real time. The main control system combines the on-site water temperature and water pressure parameters to perform temperature compensation and depth error correction on the raw signals. Through the built-in standard algorithm, the electrical and optical signals are converted into corresponding water quality concentration values ​​to obtain the real water quality parameters of the current water layer.

[0030] When the adjustment component 4 needs to be stored or carried, the outer shell 41 is manually moved to move the slot block 55. When the slot block 55 moves to the position inside the insertion sleeve 51, the slot block 55 presses against the locking block 53, causing the locking block 53 to move and be completely retracted into the sleeve 51 after being pressed. When the slot block 55 moves to the position where it is completely inserted into the sleeve 51, the second spring 54 pushes the locking block 53 to move towards the inside of the slot block 55 to reset. When the locking block 53 moves to the position where it is completely inserted into the slot block 55, it limits the slot block 55, thereby completing the storage and fixation of the outer shell 41 and the float 415.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water quality testing and analysis device, characterized in that: include: Detector (1); Sensor (2), which is electrically connected to detector (1) via data cable (3), is capable of being submerged in water for detection; Adjustment component (4), which is set on data line (3), can change the length of data line (3) between the sensor (2) by automatically climbing or descending on data line (3), and use the buoyancy of water and data line (3) to limit the sinking of sensor (2) and flexibly change the detection depth of sensor (2); A stabilizing component (5) is mounted on the detector (1) and is capable of fixing the retracted adjusting component (4).

2. The water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment component (4) includes: The outer shell (41) is sleeved on the data cable (3), wherein the outer shell (41) has a sliding groove (46), wherein the outer shell (41) is fixedly connected to a card seat (413), and wherein the inner wall of the outer shell (41) is fixedly connected to a plate (47). The first rotating wheel (43) is disposed inside the outer casing (41) and is driven to rotate by a self-locking motor (42), wherein the self-locking motor (42) is fixedly connected to the outer casing (41); U-shaped rod (44), the U-shaped rod (44) is placed in the sliding groove (46) and slides left and right, wherein the U-shaped rod (44) is provided with a threaded hole; The second rotating wheel (45) is rotatably mounted on the U-shaped rod (44) via a round shaft and bearing, wherein the second rotating wheel (45) is placed inside the outer casing (41), and the data cable (3) is placed between the first rotating wheel (43) and the second rotating wheel (45); The screw (48) is rotatably connected to the plate (47) via a bearing, wherein the surface of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole opened on the U-shaped rod (44), and a perforated plate (49) is fixedly connected to the end of the screw (48) away from the plate (47). A float (415) is mounted on a mounting bracket (413) by means of bolt threads.

3. The water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment component (4) further includes: A cylinder (410) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (41) on the side near the screw (48), wherein a slide is provided on the cylinder (410); A pin (411) is placed in the cylinder (410) and slides left and right, wherein the pin (411) is limited by inserting into any hole in the perforated plate (49); The first spring (412) is placed inside the cylinder (410), wherein the two ends of the first spring (412) are fixedly connected to the pin (411) and the inner wall of the cylinder (410), respectively.

4. The water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple rubber blocks (414) are fixed to the inner arc surfaces of the first rotating wheel (43) and the second rotating wheel (45), and the multiple rubber blocks (414) are arranged in an alternating manner.

5. A water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment component (4) further includes: Positioning frame (416), the positioning frame (416) is fixed to the side of the outer shell (41) away from the float (415), wherein the positioning frame (416) is sleeved on the data cable (3); Multiple steel balls (417) are rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular portion of the positioning frame (416), wherein the multiple steel balls (417) are evenly arranged.

6. The water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rubber ring (418) is fixed to the side of the outer shell (41) near the data line (3), wherein the rubber ring (418) is sleeved on the data line (3), and the inner wall of the rubber ring (418) is in contact with the surface of the data line (3).

7. The water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The card holder (413) is threaded with a guard plate (419) on its inner side, wherein the guard plate (419) is placed around the float (415).

8. A water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stabilizing component (5) includes: Sleeve (51), which is fixedly connected to the detector (1), wherein a rod (52) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the hole on the sleeve (51). The second spring (54) is sleeved on the rod (52), wherein the two ends of the second spring (54) are fixedly connected to the rod (52) and the sleeve (51) respectively; The locking block (53) is fixedly connected to the rod (52), wherein the locking block (53) is placed inside the sleeve (51) and moves up and down, wherein the locking block (53) is trapezoidal; The groove block (55) is fixed to the outer shell (41) by a round rod. The surface size and shape of the groove block (55) are adapted to the size and shape of the inner wall of the sleeve (51). The locking block (53) is inserted into the groove block (55) for positioning.

9. A water quality testing and analysis device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The groove block (55) has a chamfer (56) on the edge away from the outer shell (41), wherein the surface slope of the chamfer (56) is adapted to the surface slope of the card block (53).

10. A water quality testing and analysis method, using the water quality testing and analysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the water quality testing and analysis method comprises the following steps: Step 1: According to the detection requirements, use the adjustment component (4) to lower the immersion sensor (2) to the preset detection water depth, and then position it to the surface, middle or bottom of the water body respectively; Step 2: After reaching the set depth, use the self-locking motor (42) to lock the sensor (2) at a fixed height, ensuring that the sensor (2) is fully immersed in the water and its position is stable. Step 3: The sensing membrane and optical window of the immersion sensor (2) are in full contact with the target water layer. Through electrochemical sensing and optical sensing, the original electrical and optical signals such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, and ORP of the water are continuously collected. Step 4: The original electrical and optical signals are transmitted in real time to the main control unit in the detector (1) via the data line (3). The main control system combines the on-site water temperature and water pressure parameters to perform temperature compensation and depth error correction on the original signals. Step 5: Convert the electrical and optical signals into corresponding water quality concentration values ​​using the built-in standard algorithm to obtain the true water quality parameters of the current water layer.

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