An air switch state monitoring system based on edge data transmission

Abstract

The application discloses an air switch state monitoring system based on edge data transmission, which comprises a potential measuring module for collecting the potential-to-ground values of two ends of an air switch device, a position detecting module for collecting the on-off position indication signals of the air switch device, a motor driving module for driving the air switch device to perform on-off actions and sending back driving state signals, a communication interface module for interacting with external systems, and an edge control module connected with the potential measuring module, the position detecting module, the motor driving module and the communication interface module, wherein the edge control module comprises a double-source adaptive de-bouncing judging unit and an event-driven edge sending unit. The application can reliably identify the real position change of the air switch, suppress mechanical shaking, significantly reduce the redundant messages of the communication link, reduce the occupation of the communication link of the substation integrated automation system, and can be applied to the technical field of substation secondary equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of substation secondary equipment technology, and in particular to an air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of unmanned operation of substations and the optimization of secondary operation and maintenance modes, remote-controlled relay protection devices such as circuit breakers and switchboards have become key components for achieving joint sequential control of primary and secondary equipment and remote operation and maintenance of secondary equipment. To meet the needs of remote operation of circuit breakers and switchboards and potential verification before operation, the industry has developed remote-controlled switchboards that integrate potential measurement, remote control, and position monitoring functions. These devices are directly connected to the substation integrated automation system and information protection system via serial ports, network ports, and other interfaces using protocols such as IEC61850, IEC60870-5-103, or Modbus.

[0003] In the practical engineering applications of remote-controlled circuit breakers, the position monitoring stage is crucial for ensuring the correctness of remote operation and the accurate reflection of system status. Position monitoring typically uses position detection elements such as limit switches, Hall effect sensors, or micro switches to collect the open / closed position status of the circuit breaker, and the underlying devices periodically transmit the status information to the substation integrated automation system.

[0004] However, existing remote-controlled circuit breakers generally suffer from two engineering defects in the status monitoring stage. First, the mechanical contacts of the circuit breaker are affected by factors such as spring release, mechanical vibration, and contact rebound during the opening and closing process. The position detection signal will repeatedly jump within a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. Traditional solutions use a fixed-duration delay filter inside the edge device to de-jitter. Since this duration is fixed, the intermediate process will be missed due to the excessive delay during rapid closing. In the case of slow opening or mechanism jamming, the jitter will be sent as a real position change due to insufficient delay. This results in false "open-close-open" reversal alarms in the substation integrated automation system. Maintenance personnel need to go to the site to verify each alarm, which significantly increases the maintenance burden. Secondly, remote-controlled circuit breakers, as underlying intelligent terminals, typically transmit position and potential measurement values ​​in whole frames at fixed intervals. Since a 110kV substation often contains hundreds of circuit breakers, and their status remains unchanged for most of the time, this fixed-period transmission accumulates a large number of duplicate and invalid messages on the communication link, consuming limited serial and network port bandwidth and increasing the processing pressure on the front-end of the substation's integrated automation system. These two shortcomings manifest as the same pain point in the field: the status determination and data transmission strategy on the edge device side is not intelligent enough. It cannot distinguish between actual displacement and mechanical jitter, nor can it differentiate between messages that should be transmitted and those that do not. The root cause is that existing solutions separate status determination from data transmission, using a simple mode of fixed-parameter filtering and fixed-period transmission, failing to fully utilize the computing power inherent in the edge device itself.

[0005] Therefore, it is evident that establishing an adaptive status determination and data transmission mechanism on the edge device side of the remote-controlled circuit breaker, which can accurately filter out the mechanical jitter of the circuit breaker opening and closing moment to avoid false position change alarms without increasing hardware costs, and reduce redundant messages on the communication link to reduce the communication load of the substation integrated automation system, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide an air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission, which can reliably identify the actual displacement of the air switch and suppress mechanical jitter without increasing hardware costs, while also significantly reducing redundant messages in the communication link and reducing the occupation of the communication link of the substation integrated automation system.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present invention include: This invention provides an air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission, including a potential measurement module for collecting the ground potential values ​​of the two ends of the air switch device, a position detection module for collecting the open / close position indication signal of the air switch device, a motor drive module for driving the air switch device to perform open / close actions and sending back drive status signals, a communication interface module for message interaction with external systems, and an edge control module connected to the potential measurement module, the position detection module, the motor drive module, and the communication interface module respectively. The edge control module includes a dual-source adaptive debouncing determination unit and an event-driven edge uploading unit, wherein: The dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit is used to dynamically adjust the length of the de-jitter window according to the drive status signal output by the motor drive module, and to obtain the final position state by jointly arbitrating the separation and reunification position indication signal output by the position detection module and the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module. The event-driven edge uploading unit is used to trigger the uploading of a displacement event frame when the final position state changes, and to trigger the uploading of a measurement event frame when the change in the ground potential value at both ends relative to the previously uploaded value exceeds a preset dead zone threshold.

[0009] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit includes a window length adaptive submodule, a position switch initial judgment submodule, and a potential cross-verification submodule. The window length adaptive submodule is used to set the de-jitter window length to the shortest value when the drive status signal indicates that the motor is operating, to extend the de-jitter window length by linear interpolation when the drive status signal indicates that the motor has stopped and the time since the last drive cancellation has not reached the mechanism stabilization time, and to set the de-jitter window length to the longest value after the time since the last drive cancellation has reached the mechanism stabilization time.

[0010] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the position switch preliminary judgment submodule is used to collect the separation and combination position indication signal output by the position detection module according to a preset sampling period, and give a preliminary judgment result of combination, separation or position uncertainty when the signal combination remains consistent within the consecutive sampling number corresponding to the de-jitter window length. The potential cross-verification submodule is used to perform a moving average filter on the ground potential values ​​of the two ends output by the potential measurement module and calculate the difference, and compare the difference with the preset combination potential difference threshold and separation potential difference threshold to obtain the potential side position criterion.

[0011] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the final position state is obtained by jointly arbitrating the separation / combination position indication signal output by the position detection module and the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module, which specifically includes: When both the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion are clear and consistent, the combined result of the two shall be adopted as the final position state. When one of the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion is clear while the other is position uncertain, the clear one shall be adopted as the final position state. When the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion are both clear but conflict with each other, or when both are uncertain in position, the final position state of the previous step is maintained and a conflict timer is started. When the conflict timer exceeds the preset allowable time and no agreement is reached, the final position state is set to uncertain and a position abnormality alarm is generated.

[0012] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the event-driven edge uploading unit includes a position change triggering submodule and a potential dead zone comparison submodule. The position change triggering submodule is used to maintain a previously uploaded position variable. In each scheduling cycle, it compares the current final position state with the previously uploaded position variable. Only when the two are not equal, it immediately encapsulates the final position state, the current timestamp, and the corresponding ground potential values ​​at both ends into a change event frame and uploads it through the communication interface module. At the same time, it refreshes the previously uploaded position variable. The potential dead zone comparison submodule is used to maintain a pair of previously uploaded potential values. In each scheduling cycle, it calculates the absolute value of the difference between the sliding average potential at both ends and the corresponding previously uploaded potential value. When either exceeds the preset potential uploading dead zone or the time since the last uploaded measurement value exceeds the maximum measurement uploading interval, it generates a measurement event frame and refreshes the corresponding record.

[0013] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the edge control module further includes a heartbeat keep-alive subunit. The heartbeat keep-alive subunit generates a heartbeat frame every preset heartbeat cycle and sends it up through the communication interface module. The heartbeat frame carries a device identifier, a current final location status summary, and a health status word. The health status word includes at least the validity of analog-to-digital sampling, the self-test result of the motor drive module, and information on whether the most recent dual-source conflict timing was triggered. The heartbeat keep-alive subunit is used to maintain the online status of the link with the external system through the heartbeat frame.

[0014] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the communication interface module includes an RS-485 serial port and an Ethernet port, and supports at least one of the IEC60870-5-103, IEC61850 and Modbus-RTU protocols. The displacement event frame, the measurement event frame and the heartbeat frame are all sent through the same communication interface and the same protocol, and are distinguished by the frame type field or the transmission reason field.

[0015] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the edge control module receives a remote split-and-join command from an external system through the communication interface module, it controls the motor drive module to perform a split-and-join action and sets the drive status signal to the active state. Based on this, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit switches the de-jitter window length to the shortest value, and then the event-driven edge uploading unit immediately generates a displacement event frame and uploads it when a confirmatory change occurs in the final position state.

[0016] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the air switch device includes: The high breaking capacity DC protection body has a built-in magnetic blow-out structure and a multi-piece arc-extinguishing grid. It is used to apply Lorentz force to the DC arc by the strong magnetic field generated by the magnetic blow-out structure, which elongates, cuts and drives the arc into the multi-piece arc-extinguishing grid for cooling and extinguishing. The intelligent drive module includes an MCU, a micro geared motor, and a mechanical shift fork. It is used to generate torque through the MCU and amplify it through the micro geared motor to drive the mechanical shift fork to smoothly push and pull the circuit breaker handle. The intelligent drive module and the high breaking capacity DC protection body are assembled by a side snap-fit ​​decoupling method. The electromechanical dual anti-misoperation interlocking mechanism includes a manual / automatic switching slider, a cam clutch release mechanism, and a micro-motion cut-off switch; When the manual / automatic switching slider is in the automatic position, the output gear of the micro geared motor meshes with the transmission main gear of the mechanical shift fork through the cam clutch release mechanism, and the power supply to the drive circuit of the micro geared motor is closed through the micro-motion cut-off switch, so that the intelligent drive module can respond to remote control commands. When the manual / automatic switching slider is in manual mode, the drive circuit of the micro geared motor is physically cut off by the micro-motion cut-off switch, and the output gear of the micro geared motor is mechanically engaged with the transmission main gear of the mechanical shift fork by the cam clutch release mechanism, thereby achieving dual physical isolation of the power supply circuit and the mechanical transmission link.

[0017] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent driving module is further configured to: During the closing sprint phase, the current loop feedback of the micro geared motor is monitored in real time by the MCU. When a sharp rise in current is detected, indicating that the energy storage spring has entered the dead zone, a preset current is injected within a preset time to break through the spring resistance peak. After breaking through the spring resistance peak, the normal current is restored, and a preset end thrust is maintained at the closing end point, and an anti-rebound delay confirmation window is started. If no position retraction is detected within the window, the closing success status is latched in the closed loop to the internal status register.

[0018] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention: This invention provides an air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission, including a potential measurement module for collecting the ground potential values ​​of the two ends of the air switch device, a position detection module for collecting the open / close position indication signal of the air switch device, a motor drive module for driving the air switch device to perform open / close actions and sending back drive status signals, a communication interface module for message interaction with external systems, and an edge control module connected to the potential measurement module, the position detection module, the motor drive module, and the communication interface module respectively. The edge control module includes a dual-source adaptive debouncing determination unit and an event-driven edge uploading unit. This invention utilizes both ends' ground potential values ​​and the open / closed position indication signal as dual-source information, and employs a position confirmation mechanism that dynamically adjusts the de-jitter window length based on the motor drive state. This upgrades the traditional single-source determination relying solely on the position switch to dual-source cross-verification. During the rapid opening / closing phase, it quickly captures the stable state with the shortest window; during the stationary holding phase, it suppresses occasional vibrations with the longest window. This effectively suppresses false position changes caused by mechanical jitter during circuit breaker switching, reducing the false position alarm rate. The event-driven transmission strategy—triggered by the final position state change to a position event frame, triggered by the potential measurement value exceeding the dead zone threshold to trigger a measurement event frame, and maintained online status by sending heartbeat frames at a preset heartbeat cycle—significantly reduces the number of duplicate invalid messages on the communication link compared to the traditional fixed-cycle full-frame transmission method. This frees up limited serial and network port bandwidth, reducing the parsing and processing pressure on the front-end of the substation integrated automation system. Without increasing hardware costs, this invention reliably identifies the true position of the air switch, suppresses mechanical jitter, and significantly reduces redundant messages on the communication link, thus reducing the occupancy of the substation integrated automation system's communication link. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the drawings described below are only for the convenience of clearly describing some embodiments of the technical solutions of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure reference numerals: 100, Potential measurement module; 200, Position detection module; 300, Motor drive module; 400, Edge control module; 410, Dual-source adaptive debouncing judgment unit; 411, Window length adaptive submodule; 412, Position switch initial judgment submodule; 413, Potential cross-verification submodule; 420, Event-driven edge uploading unit; 421, Position change triggering submodule; 422, Potential dead zone comparison submodule; 430, Heartbeat keep-alive submodule; 500, Communication interface module Detailed Implementation Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, "multiple" means two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or the order of the indicated technical features. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides an air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission, including a potential measurement module 100 for collecting the potential values ​​of the two ends of the air switch to ground, a position detection module 200 for collecting the open / close position indication signal of the air switch, a motor drive module 300 for driving the air switch to perform open / close actions and sending back drive status signals, a communication interface module 500 for message interaction with external systems, and an edge control module 400 connected to the potential measurement module 100, the position detection module 200, the motor drive module 300, and the communication interface module 500, respectively. The edge control module 400 includes a dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit 410 and an event-driven edge uploading unit 420, wherein: The dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit 410 is used to dynamically adjust the length of the de-jitter window according to the drive status signal output by the motor drive module 300, and to obtain the final position state by jointly arbitrating the open / close position indication signal output by the position detection module 200 and the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module 100. The event-driven edge uploading unit 420 is used to trigger the uploading of displacement event frames when the final position state changes, and to trigger the uploading of measurement event frames when the change in the potential value at both ends relative to the previously uploaded value exceeds a preset dead zone threshold.

[0024] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention comprises a potential measurement module 100, a position detection module 200, a motor drive module 300, an edge control module 400, and a communication interface module 500. The edge control module 400 uses a low-power microcontroller as its core, runs an embedded real-time operating system or a bare-metal scheduling framework, and internally implements two core functional units in software: a dual-source adaptive debouncing determination unit 410 and an event-driven edge uploading unit 420, as well as a heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430 that runs in parallel with the event-driven edge uploading unit 420. The modules are interconnected at the hardware level via a bus and input / output signals, and are uniformly scheduled at the software level by the microcontroller mounted on the edge control module 400.

[0025] The potential measurement module 100 consists of a non-contact potential sensing circuit, an anti-aliasing low-pass filter, and an analog-to-digital sampling circuit. The non-contact potential sensing circuit senses the potential of terminals A and B of the circuit breaker relative to ground through capacitive coupling or a high input impedance differential probe without directly connecting to the protection circuit. and The range is 0 to 288 volts DC, and the digitized potential measurement value is sent to the edge control module 400 at a fixed sampling rate of 1 kHz, typically. The position detection module 200 consists of two microswitches or Hall elements arranged on the transmission components of the circuit breaker mechanism, which output closed position indication signals respectively. and gradation indicator signal The two signals are optically isolated and then connected to the general-purpose input / output port of the edge control module 400. The motor drive module 300 consists of an H-bridge power circuit and a protection circuit. It is driven by the pulse width modulation signal and direction signal output by the edge control module 400 to drive the circuit breaker mechanism to complete the opening and closing action. At the same time, the motor drive module 300 sends a drive status signal back to the edge control module 400. The value of ___ represents the motor stopping, ___ represents the motor rotating forward and closing the circuit breaker, and ___ represents the motor rotating in reverse and opening the circuit breaker. The communication interface module 500 includes an RS-485 serial port, an Ethernet port, and corresponding physical layer and protocol stack, supporting protocols such as IEC60870-5-103, IEC61850 MMS / GOOSE, and Modbus-RTU, used for sending status messages and receiving remote control commands.

[0026] This invention employs a dual-source information mechanism, utilizing both ends' ground potential values ​​and the open / closed position indication signal. It dynamically adjusts the de-jitter window length based on the motor drive state to upgrade the traditional single-source determination relying solely on the position switch to dual-source cross-verification. During the rapid opening / closing phase, it quickly captures the stable state with the shortest window; during the stationary holding phase, it suppresses occasional vibrations with the longest window. This effectively suppresses false position changes caused by mechanical jitter during circuit breaker switching, reducing the false position alarm rate. The event-driven transmission strategy—triggered by the final position change to a position event frame, triggered by the potential measurement value exceeding the dead zone threshold to trigger a measurement event frame, and maintained online status by sending heartbeat frames at a preset heartbeat cycle—significantly reduces the number of duplicate invalid messages on the communication link compared to the traditional fixed-cycle full-frame transmission method. This frees up limited serial and network port bandwidth, alleviating the parsing and processing pressure on the front-end of the substation integrated automation system. Without increasing hardware costs, this invention reliably identifies the true position of the air switch, suppresses mechanical jitter, and significantly reduces redundant messages on the communication link, thus reducing the occupancy of the substation integrated automation system's communication link.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 As an optional implementation, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit 410 includes a window length adaptive submodule 411, a position switch initial judgment submodule 412, and a potential cross-verification submodule 413. The window length adaptive submodule 411 is used to set the de-jitter window length to the shortest value when the drive status signal indicates that the motor is in motion, to extend the de-jitter window length by linear interpolation when the drive status signal indicates that the motor has stopped and the time since the last drive cancellation has not reached the mechanism stabilization time, and to set the de-jitter window length to the longest value after the time since the last drive cancellation has reached the mechanism stabilization time.

[0028] Specifically, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit 410 is further divided into a window length adaptive submodule 411, a position switch initial judgment submodule 412, and a potential cross-validation submodule 413 within the edge control module 400. These three submodules sequentially complete the dynamic selection of the de-jitter window length, the initial judgment on the position switch side, and the cross-validation based on the potential measurement value. Finally, under the dual-source arbitration logic, the final position state after jitter suppression is output. Its value can be a combination, a separation, or an uncertain position.

[0029] The window length adaptive submodule 411 adjusts the drive status signal output by the motor drive module 300. And the time since the most recent driver instruction was revoked Dynamically determine the length of the debouncing window The calculation relationship is as follows:

[0030] In the formula, This is the shortest window length used during motor operation, typically ranging from 5 to 10 milliseconds, used to quickly confirm a stable position during rapid engagement and disengagement. This is the longest window length used during the static holding period, typically ranging from 40 to 80 milliseconds, to suppress occasional vibration disturbances during operation; The stabilization time of the mechanism is determined by the type of circuit breaker, with a typical range of 30 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds. These are linear interpolation coefficients, with values ​​ranging from 1 to 2. The adaptive window length submodule 411 uses the motor drive state as the basis for adjusting the de-jitter window length, so that the de-jitter duration is dynamically matched to the actual motion stage of the mechanism under different working conditions. This avoids the problems of fixed duration filtering missing intermediate processes during rapid opening and closing, and misjudging jitter as real displacement when the mechanism is stuck during slow opening or when the mechanism is stuck.

[0031] As an optional implementation, the position switch preliminary judgment submodule 412 is used to collect the position indication signal output by the position detection module 200 according to a preset sampling period, and give a preliminary judgment result of position, separation or uncertain position when the signal combination remains consistent within the number of consecutive samplings corresponding to the de-jitter window length. The potential cross-verification submodule 413 is used to perform a moving average filter on the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module 100 and calculate the difference, and compare the difference with the preset position potential difference threshold and separation potential difference threshold to obtain the potential side position criterion.

[0032] Specifically, the position switch initial judgment submodule 412 uses a sampling period Read the position indication signal With quantile indicator signal A typical value is 1 millisecond; when continuous When the combination of signals from each sampling remains consistent, a preliminary position determination is output. Specifically, when continuous Secondary sampling All combinations When, output For a combined position; when consecutive Secondary sampling All combinations When, output For quantiles; other cases The output is of uncertain position. The position switch initial judgment submodule 412 internally uses a length equal to... The circular buffer enables continuous sampling and scrolling determination. When the window length adaptive submodule 411 switches... At the same time, the effective length of the circular buffer is switched synchronously.

[0033] The potential cross-validation submodule 413 verifies the potentials at both ends acquired by the potential measurement module 100. , Perform lengths of The moving average filter is used to obtain the average potential value. and , A typical value is 16 sampling points; then the potential difference between the two ends is calculated. and will With respect to the preset potential difference threshold and quantile potential difference threshold By comparison, the potential side position criterion is obtained. :when hour, For the position; when hour, For quantiles; when hour, The location is uncertain. The typical value range is 3 volts to 5 volts, which corresponds to an engineering margin where the two ends of the circuit breaker contact are almost at the same potential when the circuit breaker contacts are closed. In the 110 volt DC control circuit commonly used in substations, this value is much smaller than the circuit voltage, which is sufficient to reliably determine the closed state. The typical value range is 20V to 30V, corresponding to the engineering margin when the potential difference between the two ends of the circuit breaker contacts is open, which is determined by the connected branch. Taking a 110V DC control circuit as an example, the potential difference between the two ends is usually close to the circuit voltage when the circuit breaker is in the open position. This threshold value is about one-fifth to one-quarter of the circuit voltage, which takes into account both the judgment sensitivity and the anti-interference margin. The physical basis of the potential cross-verification submodule 413 is that when the circuit breaker is closed, the two ends are short-circuited by the contacts and the potential difference is extremely small. When the circuit breaker is open, the potential difference between the two ends is determined by the connected branch and usually has a significant difference. Therefore, the potential measurement value can be used as a second information source independent of the position switch to participate in position confirmation.

[0034] As a further optional implementation, the final position state is obtained by jointly arbitrating the open / closed position indication signal output by the position detection module 200 and the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module 100. This specifically includes: When both the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion are clear and consistent, the common result of the two shall be adopted as the final position state. When one of the preliminary determination results and the potential side position criteria is clear while the other is uncertain, the clear one shall be adopted as the final position state. When the preliminary judgment result and the potential side position criterion are both clear but conflict with each other, or when both are uncertain in position, the final position state of the previous step is maintained and the conflict timer is started. When the conflict timer exceeds the preset allowable time and no agreement is reached, the final position state is set to uncertain and a position abnormality alarm is generated.

[0035] Specifically, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit 410, upon obtaining... and The final position state is then determined through dual-source arbitration logic. .when and When both results are clear and have the same value, the common result of both is directly adopted as the final result. ;when Clear and When the location is uncertain, As This corresponds to the potential measurement value falling within the middle range between the two thresholds; when Because the location is uncertain When it is clear, with As This corresponds to the operating condition where the position switch cannot output stably due to mechanical vibration; when the two sources are clear but conflict with each other, or when both sources are of uncertain position, Maintain the output of the previous cycle and start the conflict timer. If the timer exceeds the preset dual-source conflict tolerance time... If no agreement is reached, then... If the location is set to uncertain and an abnormal location alarm is generated, the maintenance personnel will be prompted to go to the site to verify. The typical value is 200 milliseconds. Through the above dual-source arbitration logic, this invention achieves bidirectional fallback for two types of operating conditions: single-source instability of the position switch and abnormality of the potential measurement circuit, thus improving the robustness of state determination.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 As an optional implementation, the event-driven edge uploading unit 420 includes a position change triggering submodule 421 and a potential dead zone comparison submodule 422. The position change triggering submodule 421 is used to maintain a previously uploaded position variable. In each scheduling cycle, it compares the current final position state with the previously uploaded position variable. Only when the two are not equal, it immediately encapsulates the final position state, the current timestamp, and the corresponding potential values ​​of both ends to ground into a change event frame and uploads it through the communication interface module 500. At the same time, it refreshes the previously uploaded position variable. The potential dead zone comparison submodule 422 is used to maintain a pair of previously uploaded potential values. In each scheduling cycle, it calculates the absolute value of the difference between the sliding average potential of both ends and the corresponding previously uploaded potential value. When either exceeds the preset potential uploading dead zone or the time since the last uploaded measurement value exceeds the maximum measurement uploading interval, it generates a measurement event frame and refreshes the corresponding record.

[0037] Specifically, the event-driven edge uploading unit 420, within the edge control module 400, outputs data from the dual-source adaptive debouncing determination unit 410. and potential measurement value , The event-driven edge uploading unit 420 generates and sends messages, and is further divided into a position change triggering submodule 421 and a potential dead zone comparison submodule 422, which are then coordinated in parallel by the heartbeat keep-alive submodule 430.

[0038] The position change triggering submodule 421 internally maintains a previously uploaded position variable. In each scheduling cycle, the current and Compare them; if they are not equal, immediately... Current timestamp and corresponding , Encapsulated as a displacement event frame Delivery of communication interface module 500 for transmission, and simultaneously command In this way, the circuit breaker will not generate any position transmission message when its closed or open position remains unchanged for a long period of time; a message will only be output when a real position change occurs. The potential dead-time comparison submodule 422 internally maintains a pair of previously transmitted potential values. , Calculate separately in each scheduling cycle and If any of them exceeds the preset potential dead zone, Or, the time since the last measurement was sent exceeds the maximum measurement sending interval. Then the current , And timestamps are encapsulated into measurement event frames. Deliver the communication interface module 500 and refresh it. , And send the timestamp. The typical value range is 1 volt to 2 volts. The typical value is 30 seconds. This dead zone comparison plus maximum interval protection composite criterion ensures that no measurement transmission messages are generated during the potential stabilization period, and that a transmission is only sent once when the potential undergoes an engineering-significant change or when there has been no transmission for a long period of time.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 As an optional implementation, the edge control module 400 further includes a heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430. The heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430 generates a heartbeat frame every preset heartbeat cycle and sends it up via the communication interface module 500. The heartbeat frame carries a device identifier, a summary of the current final location status, and a health status word. The health status word includes at least the validity of the analog-to-digital sampling, the self-test result of the motor drive module 300, and information on whether the most recent dual-source conflict timing was triggered. The heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430 is used to maintain the online status of the link with the external system through the heartbeat frame.

[0040] Specifically, the heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430 operates as an independently running timed task, performing tasks every heartbeat cycle. Encapsulate a heartbeat frame The data is transmitted to the substation integrated automation system via the communication interface module 500. A typical value is 60 seconds. Heartbeat frames. It only carries device identification, currently The summary and health status word, which includes at least the validity of the analog-to-digital sampling, the self-test result of the motor drive module 300, and whether the most recent dual-source conflict timing was triggered. Heartbeat frame. The content is concise and has minimal impact on the communication link load. Its purpose is to enable the substation integrated automation system to determine that the device is still online when there are no change events or measurement events transmitted for a long time, thus avoiding being mistakenly judged as offline.

[0041] As an optional implementation, the communication interface module 500 includes an RS-485 serial port and an Ethernet port, and supports at least one of the IEC60870-5-103, IEC61850 and Modbus-RTU protocols. Displacement event frames, measurement event frames and heartbeat frames are all sent through the same communication interface and the same protocol, and are distinguished by a frame type field or a transmission reason field.

[0042] Specifically, displacement event frame Measurement event frames With heartbeat frames All three types of event frames share the same communication interface and are transmitted according to the same protocol, distinguished only by the frame type field or transmission reason field. Under the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol, change event frames... Corresponding to spontaneous remote signaling change transmission, measurement event frames Corresponding to spontaneously measured values ​​being sent up, heartbeat frames Corresponding to general call responses or custom private functions; under the Modbus protocol, the three types of event frames are implemented through custom function codes or register mappings; under the IEC61850 protocol, change event frames... Measurement event frames are sent quickly via GOOSE. With heartbeat frames The report is sent via the MMS control block. In practical applications, the mapping can be adjusted according to the specific specification implementation needs, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited herein.

[0043] As an optional implementation, when the edge control module 400 receives a remote split-and-join command from an external system through the communication interface module 500, it controls the motor drive module 300 to perform the split-and-join action and sets the drive status signal to the active state. Based on this, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit 410 switches the de-jitter window length to the shortest value, and then the event-driven edge uploading unit 420 immediately generates a displacement event frame and uploads it when a confirmatory change occurs in the final position state.

[0044] Specifically, the edge control module 400 internally operates according to the aforementioned sampling period. The main scheduling loop is run. Within each scheduling cycle, the edge control module 400 first reads the position indication signal output by the position detection module 200. , gradation indicator signal and the drive status signal output by the motor drive module 300 The original potential values ​​at both ends of the synchronous sampling potential measurement module 100 are then processed through a length of... The moving average filter is obtained , Secondly, the window length adaptive submodule 411 adjusts the current... Calculation with the most recent drive revocation timestamp Based on this, the effective length of the circular buffer zone is determined. Then the position switch initial judgment submodule 412 outputs... Output from potential cross-validation submodule 413 Then, through dual-source arbitration logic, it is obtained Finally, the position change triggering submodule 421, the potential dead zone comparison submodule 422, and the heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430 decide whether to generate the corresponding event frame based on their respective criteria. The real-time requirements of the entire main scheduling loop match the conventional position signaling refresh requirements of the remote control circuit breaker, without imposing additional computing power requirements on the original microcontroller of the edge device.

[0045] In the embodiment of the substation on-site operation, the workflow of the present invention can be divided into five stages: underlying signal acquisition, dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination, event-driven uploading decision, message uploading via communication interface, and response to remote control commands.

[0046] During the underlying signal acquisition phase, the potential measurement module 100 continuously acquires the potential between the two ends of the circuit breaker and ground at a sampling rate of 1 kHz. , The signal is then sent to the analog-to-digital interface of the edge control module 400; the position detection module 200 will then send the alignment indication signal. With quantile indicator signal After optical isolation, the signal is sent to the general-purpose input / output port of the edge control module 400; the motor drive module 300 sends a drive status signal back to the edge control module 400 each time a remote start / stop command is executed. This phase is executed once every 1 millisecond.

[0047] In the dual-source adaptive debouncing determination stage, the window length adaptive submodule 411 determines the window length based on the driving state signal. Dynamic selection The position switch initial judgment submodule 412 outputs accordingly. The output of the potential cross-validation submodule 413 The dual-source arbitration logic synthesis yields .

[0048] In the event-driven decision-making phase, the position change triggering submodule 421, the potential dead zone comparison submodule 422, and the heartbeat keep-alive subunit 430 work in parallel, generating displacement event frames according to their respective criteria. Measurement event frames or heartbeat frame .

[0049] During the message uploading phase, the communication interface module 500 encapsulates the three types of event frames into corresponding protocol messages according to the configured protocol and directly uploads them to the substation integrated automation system and the information protection system via RS-485 serial port or Ethernet port. After receiving the message, the integrated automation system parses it according to the protocol and refreshes the screen or forwards it to the superior dispatching system.

[0050] During the remote control command response phase, when the substation integrated automation system issues a remote control start / stop command, the communication interface module 500 parses the command and forwards it to the edge control module 400. The edge control module 400 executes the start / stop action through the motor drive module 300 according to the existing control logic. During the action, the drive status signal... Switching from zero to one or two triggers the window length adaptive submodule 411 to switch to... This ensures that the final stable state of this separation and combination action is accurately captured immediately after the action is completed, and the position change trigger submodule 421 immediately generates a displacement event frame. This process sends commands upwards, thus forming a closed loop of instruction issuance, action execution, and status feedback.

[0051] Based on the parameter values ​​shown in the foregoing specific embodiments, those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the parameters for remote-controlled circuit breakers of different levels and with different mechanism characteristics. For example, for small circuit breakers with short operating times, the mechanism settling time can be adjusted. Shortened to below 30 milliseconds, correspondingly reduced For circuit breakers with large inertia or slow operation, the following can be used: Extended to over 50 milliseconds and increased accordingly For example, in special scenarios where the voltage level of the connected branch is low and the potential difference between the two ends is small when dividing the points, the threshold value for the potential difference between the points can be appropriately lowered. Up to approximately 15 volts, and correspondingly reduce the junction potential difference threshold. This is to maintain the sensitivity of dual-source arbitration. For example, in situations where communication link quality is poor or integrated automation systems are highly sensitive to online decisions, the heartbeat cycle can be adjusted. The heartbeat cycle can be shortened to 30 seconds; for applications with good communication link quality and sensitivity to bandwidth usage, the heartbeat period can be reduced. Extended to 120 seconds. This invention does not limit the specific values ​​of the parameters.

[0052] As a further optional implementation, the air switch device includes: The high breaking capacity DC protection body has a built-in magnetic blow-out structure and a multi-piece arc-extinguishing grid. It uses the strong magnetic field generated by the magnetic blow-out structure to apply Lorentz force to the DC arc, which elongates, cuts and drives the arc into the multi-piece arc-extinguishing grid to cool and extinguish it. The intelligent drive module, including an MCU, a micro geared motor, and a mechanical shift fork, is used to generate torque through the MCU and amplify it through the micro geared motor to drive the mechanical shift fork to smoothly push and pull the circuit breaker handle. The intelligent drive module and the high-breaking capacity DC protection body are assembled using a side-clamping decoupling method. The electromechanical dual anti-misoperation interlocking mechanism includes a manual / automatic switching slider, a cam clutch release mechanism, and a micro-motion cut-off switch; When the manual / automatic switching slider is in the automatic position, the output gear of the micro geared motor is engaged with the transmission main gear of the mechanical shift fork through the cam clutch release mechanism, and the power supply to the drive circuit of the micro geared motor is closed through the micro-motion cut-off switch, so that the intelligent drive module can respond to remote control commands. When the manual / automatic switching slider is in the manual position, the drive circuit of the micro geared motor is physically cut off by the micro-motion cut-off switch, and the output gear of the micro geared motor is mechanically engaged with the transmission main gear of the mechanical shift fork by the cam clutch release mechanism, thereby achieving dual physical isolation of the power supply circuit and the mechanical transmission link.

[0053] Specifically, the present invention provides a standardized multi-interface intelligent DC circuit breaker with electromechanical dual anti-misoperation interlocking function, specifically comprising: 1) High breaking capacity DC protection body The high-voltage side is equipped with a dedicated DC arc-extinguishing chamber, employing a composite arc-extinguishing structure of "permanent magnet strong magnetic blow + multi-plate arc-extinguishing grid". Its working principle is as follows: When the circuit breaker interrupts the DC current under load, the strong magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet applies a Lorentz force to the ionized arc, rapidly elongating, cutting, and driving the arc into the arc-extinguishing chamber composed of multiple metal grid plates. After entering the grid plates, the arc is divided into multiple short arcs connected in series. The superposition of the cathode and anode voltage drops of each short arc causes the total arc voltage to rise rapidly. Simultaneously, the efficient cooling effect of the grid plates on the arc promotes the rapid recovery of the arc gap dielectric strength, ultimately achieving reliable extinction of the DC arc.

[0054] 2) Intelligent drive module The intelligent drive module is seamlessly integrated into the low-voltage control side, employing a core technology approach of "high-performance MCU + micro geared motor + mechanical shift fork". The MCU uses a domestically produced, controllable chip, and the micro geared motor amplifies torque through a multi-stage gear set, which is then smoothly pushed and pulled by a high-precision mechanical shift fork to control the circuit breaker handle. Compared to the traditional electromagnet-driven instantaneous impact method, this solution fundamentally avoids impact-induced mechanical losses, achieving long-life, low-noise remote control and automatic reclosing operations. The drive module achieves high-precision rigid coupling with the circuit breaker's operating handle through a customized high-strength stainless steel transmission link and internal fixing pins, ensuring lossless torque transmission and perfectly adapting to the installation space requirements of confined protection cabinets.

[0055] 3) Electromechanical dual anti-misoperation interlocking mechanism Composed of three elements—a manual / automatic switching slider, a cam-driven clutch release mechanism, and a micro-motion cut-off switch—this mechanism provides absolute safety assurance for on-site maintenance personnel from two dimensions: the motor power supply circuit and the mechanical transmission link. The operating mechanism is as follows: Automatic mode (remote control mode): When the maintenance personnel place the manual / automatic switch slider on the front of the mechanism into the "automatic" position, the cam mechanism tightly meshes the output gear of the micro servo motor with the transmission main gear of the circuit breaker lever, while the micro-motion cut-off switch closes the power supply circuit of the motor drive circuit. At this time, the intelligent drive module is in standby mode and can respond in real time to remote sequential control opening and closing commands from the RS485 bus (Modbus-RTU protocol).

[0056] Manual Mode (Local Maintenance Hard Interlock Mode): When maintenance personnel arrive on-site to perform routine inspections or maintenance on the protection devices, they should switch the manual / automatic switch to the "manual" position. This action simultaneously triggers two levels of physical isolation: First, the micro-switch embedded in the switch instantly cuts off the power supply to the drive motor in the physical circuit, completely depriving the motor of its power source; Second, the downward movement of the switch drives the internal cam mechanism, forcibly separating the transmission gear set (disengaging the clutch), completely disconnecting the mechanical transmission chain between the motor output shaft and the circuit breaker lever. At this point, even if the remote master station issues a closing command due to a scheduling misjudgment, or if a short circuit occurs in the control circuit due to strong electromagnetic interference within the system, because the motor power supply has been physically cut off and the transmission chain has been completely disconnected, no remote command or interference signal can drive the circuit breaker to close, fundamentally ensuring the safety of on-site maintenance personnel.

[0057] The fundamental difference between this anti-misoperation interlocking mechanism and a pure software logic interlocking scheme is that software interlocking relies solely on the MCU program to determine whether to respond to the instruction based on the "local / remote" flag. If the MCU program malfunctions, the memory flips, or the control loop is subjected to strong electromagnetic pulse interference, the flag may be abnormally rewritten, causing the interlocking to fail. In contrast, the electromechanical dual interlocking scheme of this invention completely cuts off the two necessary conditions for driving force from the physical link—power supply (microswitch disconnection) and torque transmission (cam clutch tripping). Even if the MCU is completely out of control and the communication bus is injected with malicious instructions, the circuit breaker can never be remotely driven to close, meeting the stringent requirement in power safety regulations that "maintenance equipment must have two or more independent isolation measures."

[0058] As an optional implementation, the intelligent drive module is also used for: During the closing sprint phase, the current loop feedback of the micro geared motor is monitored in real time by the MCU. When a sharp rise in current is detected, indicating that the energy storage spring has entered the dead zone, a preset current is injected within a preset time to break through the spring resistance peak. After breaking through the spring resistance peak, the normal current is restored, and a preset end thrust is maintained at the closing end point and an anti-rebound delay confirmation window is started. If no position retraction is detected within the window, the closed loop latches the closing success status to the internal status register.

[0059] Specifically, DC circuit breakers rely on robust energy storage springs to achieve rapid tripping and arc extinguishing during short circuits. When the operating mechanism pushes the handle to close the circuit, it encounters an extremely steep "mechanical resistance peak (spring dead zone)." If the drive motor's thrust is insufficient or the stroke positioning algorithm is flawed, it can easily lead to a major safety hazard: the handle getting stuck in mid-air, poor contact between the moving and stationary contacts, and overheating. This invention deploys the following adaptive obstacle-crossing and anti-rebound closed-loop control strategies at the software control layer: Closing obstacle-crossing strategy: During the closing sprint phase, the MCU identifies moments of sharp resistance increases by monitoring the motor current loop feedback in real time. When a sudden current surge is detected (i.e., entering the spring dead zone), the algorithm utilizes the motor's transient overload characteristics to inject 1.5 times the rated current instantaneously within approximately 80-100ms, using ample transient torque to break through the spring resistance peak. After breaking through the dead zone, normal drive current is immediately restored to avoid prolonged overload damage to the motor windings.

[0060] End-of-close thrust maintenance and anti-rebound confirmation: After breaking through the dead zone and reaching the closing endpoint, the algorithm switches to holding mode, maintaining an end-of-close thrust of ≥30N to ensure tight contact between the moving and stationary contacts. Simultaneously, a 200ms anti-rebound delay confirmation window is activated—within this window, the handle position sensor and motor current feedback are continuously monitored. If no mechanical rebound (position retraction) or abnormal current fluctuation is detected within 200ms, the closing is deemed complete and the moving and stationary contacts are reliably in contact, and the system refreshes the "closing successful" remote signaling status in a closed-loop manner. If a rebound is detected within the delay window, the closing action is automatically re-executed, with a maximum of 3 retries. If all attempts fail, a "closing abnormality" alarm is sent and the drive output is locked.

[0061] Forced verification of tripping stroke: When executing the tripping command, the control algorithm strictly requires that the handle stroke after tripping be ≥15mm. This threshold is determined based on the electrical insulation creepage distance requirements of the DC 220V system, ensuring that the physical disconnection distance between the moving and stationary contacts absolutely meets the requirements for arc extinguishing and insulation margin. A 200ms delay confirmation is also performed after the tripping is complete to ensure no mechanical rebound.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, the MCU built into the drive module collects and manages the real-time status and full lifecycle action data of the circuit breaker: it provides real-time feedback on the circuit breaker's physical open / close position via position sensors, and classifies and counts the number of times the circuit breaker is closed by command, the number of times it is opened by command, the number of times it is manually closed locally, and the number of times it trips due to faults (including manual tripping). All of the above counts can be read and cleared via the Modbus bus, providing a quantitative basis for equipment life assessment and predictive condition maintenance, as well as providing raw data support for accident replay and operation and maintenance decisions.

[0063] In some optional embodiments, the intelligent circuit breaker driver module uniformly adopts the standard Modbus-RTU industrial communication protocol, with the physical layer based on RS485 differential bus and master-slave half-duplex transmission. The default baud rate is 9600bps (configurable to 19200bps), using a standard asynchronous serial frame format of 1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. Each frame consists of "address code (8 bits) + function code (8 bits) + data code (N×8 bits) + CRC-16 checksum (16 bits)".

[0064] To prevent command distortion in the strong electromagnetic field environment of substations, each message frame includes a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-16) with a check polynomial of 0x8005 and an initial value of 0xFFFF, with the low byte first and the high byte last. The slave MCU only responds to the message when the check is correct and the station address matches. The main function codes are reading status (function code 03H) and remote opening / closing control (function code 06H). The register mapping covers circuit breaker status (0000H), communication address setting (0001H), circuit breaker control commands (0002H), various action count counters (0003H~0006H), communication baud rate (0007H), and factory reset (0008H), etc. Remote opening writes 0x0001 to register 0002H, and closing writes 0x0002. The slave response is completely consistent with the master message, achieving hardware-level readback confirmation of the write operation.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, remote control employs a strict closed-loop timing sequence: After the master station sends the open / close Modbus message via the RS485 bus, the circuit breaker MCU first performs CRC-16 verification and station address matching. If the verification is successful, the MCU accurately outputs PWM pulses to drive the motor to execute the action, while simultaneously acquiring position sensor signals and motor current feedback in real time. After the action is completed, the system transmits the actual physical opening distance of the circuit breaker, fault tripping status, and cumulative action count back to the station control system via the bus. The entire closed-loop refresh delay is strictly controlled within 2 seconds. If the action execution times out (>3 seconds) or the position sensor feedback is inconsistent with the command target, the system automatically determines the action has failed, triggering a retry mechanism (maximum 2 times). After all failures, a "remote control failure" alarm is immediately sent and subsequent operations are locked to prevent the MCU from entering an infinite loop.

[0066] This invention employs a dual electromechanical anti-misoperation interlocking mechanism to achieve physical isolation from both the motor power supply circuit (electrical dimension) and the mechanical transmission link (torque dimension), fundamentally ensuring the personal safety of on-site maintenance personnel and meeting the stringent requirements of power safety regulations for dual or more independent isolation measures for maintenance equipment. It utilizes a composite arc-extinguishing structure of "permanent magnet strong magnetic blow + multi-plate arc-extinguishing grid" to achieve ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity without reignition, fully meeting the safety breaking requirements of substation secondary DC circuits. Through a spring dead-zone adaptive obstacle-crossing and anti-rebound control algorithm, it ensures precise and accurate operation of each opening and closing action, eliminating any false connections. Reliable communication is achieved through a standardized Modbus-RTU protocol and CRC-16 verification mechanism. It supports full lifecycle classification statistics of action counts (remote closing / remote opening / manual closing / fault tripping), providing quantitative data support for equipment life assessment and predictive condition-based maintenance.

[0067] The structure and workflow of the embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present invention can reliably identify the actual displacement of air switches and suppress mechanical jitter without increasing hardware costs, and can also significantly reduce redundant messages in the communication link and reduce the occupation of the communication link of the substation integrated automation system.

[0068] In the foregoing description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0069] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0070] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission, characterized in that, The system includes a potential measurement module for acquiring the ground potential values ​​of the two ends of an air switch device, a position detection module for acquiring the open / close position indication signal of the air switch device, a motor drive module for driving the air switch device to perform open / close actions and sending back drive status signals, a communication interface module for message interaction with external systems, and an edge control module connected to the potential measurement module, the position detection module, the motor drive module, and the communication interface module respectively. The edge control module includes a dual-source adaptive debouncing determination unit and an event-driven edge uploading unit, wherein: The dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit is used to dynamically adjust the length of the de-jitter window according to the drive status signal output by the motor drive module, and to obtain the final position state by jointly arbitrating the separation and reunification position indication signal output by the position detection module and the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module. The event-driven edge uploading unit is used to trigger the uploading of a displacement event frame when the final position state changes, and to trigger the uploading of a measurement event frame when the change in the ground potential value at both ends relative to the previously uploaded value exceeds a preset dead zone threshold.

2. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit includes a window length adaptive submodule, a position switch initial judgment submodule, and a potential cross-verification submodule. The window length adaptive submodule is used to set the de-jitter window length to the shortest value when the drive status signal indicates that the motor is in motion, to extend the de-jitter window length by linear interpolation when the drive status signal indicates that the motor has stopped and the time since the last drive cancellation has not reached the mechanism stabilization time, and to set the de-jitter window length to the longest value after the time since the last drive cancellation has reached the mechanism stabilization time.

3. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: The position switch preliminary judgment submodule is used to collect the position indication signal output by the position detection module according to a preset sampling period, and give a preliminary judgment result of position, position, or uncertain position when the signal combination remains consistent within the number of consecutive samplings corresponding to the de-jitter window length. The potential cross-verification submodule is used to perform a moving average filter on the potential values ​​of the two ends to ground output by the potential measurement module and then calculate the difference, and compare the difference with the preset position potential difference threshold and position potential difference threshold to obtain the potential side position criterion.

4. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that, The final position state is obtained by jointly arbitrating the separation / combination position indication signal output by the position detection module and the ground potential values ​​at both ends output by the potential measurement module. Specifically, this includes: When both the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion are clear and consistent, the combined result of the two shall be adopted as the final position state. When one of the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion is clear while the other is position uncertain, the clear one shall be adopted as the final position state. When the preliminary determination result and the potential side position criterion are both clear but conflict with each other, or when both are uncertain in position, the final position state of the previous step is maintained and a conflict timer is started. When the conflict timer exceeds the preset allowable time and no agreement is reached, the final position state is set to uncertain and a position abnormality alarm is generated.

5. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The event-driven edge uploading unit includes a position change triggering submodule and a potential dead zone comparison submodule. The position change triggering submodule maintains a previously uploaded position variable. In each scheduling cycle, it compares the current final position state with the previously uploaded position variable. Only when the two are not equal, it immediately encapsulates the final position state, the current timestamp, and the corresponding ground potential values ​​at both ends into a change event frame and uploads it through the communication interface module. At the same time, it refreshes the previously uploaded position variable. The potential dead zone comparison submodule maintains a pair of previously uploaded potential values. In each scheduling cycle, it calculates the absolute value of the difference between the sliding average potential at both ends and the corresponding previously uploaded potential value. When either exceeds the preset potential uploading dead zone or the time since the last uploaded measurement value exceeds the maximum measurement uploading interval, it generates a measurement event frame and refreshes the corresponding record.

6. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge control module further includes a heartbeat keep-alive subunit. The heartbeat keep-alive subunit generates a heartbeat frame every preset heartbeat cycle and sends it up through the communication interface module. The heartbeat frame carries a device identifier, a current final location status summary, and a health status word. The health status word includes at least the validity of the analog-to-digital sampling, the self-test result of the motor drive module, and information on whether the most recent dual-source conflict timing was triggered. The heartbeat keep-alive subunit is used to maintain the online status of the link with the external system through the heartbeat frame.

7. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication interface module includes an RS-485 serial port and an Ethernet port, and supports at least one of the IEC60870-5-103, IEC61850 and Modbus-RTU protocols. The displacement event frame, the measurement event frame and the heartbeat frame are all sent through the same communication interface and the same protocol, and are distinguished by the frame type field or the transmission reason field.

8. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the edge control module receives a remote split-and-join command from an external system through the communication interface module, it controls the motor drive module to perform the split-and-join action and sets the drive status signal to the active state. Based on this, the dual-source adaptive de-jitter determination unit switches the de-jitter window length to the shortest value. Then, when the final position state undergoes a confirmatory change, the event-driven edge uploading unit immediately generates a displacement event frame and uploads it.

9. An air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The air switch device includes: The high breaking capacity DC protection body has a built-in magnetic blow-out structure and a multi-piece arc-extinguishing grid. It is used to apply Lorentz force to the DC arc by the strong magnetic field generated by the magnetic blow-out structure, which elongates, cuts and drives the arc into the multi-piece arc-extinguishing grid for cooling and extinguishing. The intelligent drive module includes an MCU, a micro geared motor, and a mechanical shift fork. It is used to generate torque through the MCU and amplify it through the micro geared motor to drive the mechanical shift fork to smoothly push and pull the circuit breaker handle. The intelligent drive module and the high breaking capacity DC protection body are assembled by a side snap-fit ​​decoupling method. The electromechanical dual anti-misoperation interlocking mechanism includes a manual / automatic switching slider, a cam clutch release mechanism, and a micro-motion cut-off switch; When the manual / automatic switching slider is in the automatic position, the output gear of the micro geared motor meshes with the transmission main gear of the mechanical shift fork through the cam clutch release mechanism, and the power supply to the drive circuit of the micro geared motor is closed through the micro-motion cut-off switch, so that the intelligent drive module can respond to remote control commands. When the manual / automatic switching slider is in manual mode, the drive circuit of the micro geared motor is physically cut off by the micro-motion cut-off switch, and the output gear of the micro geared motor is mechanically engaged with the transmission main gear of the mechanical shift fork by the cam clutch release mechanism, thereby achieving dual physical isolation of the power supply circuit and the mechanical transmission link.

10. The air switch status monitoring system based on edge data transmission according to claim 9, characterized in that, The intelligent drive module is also used for: During the closing sprint phase, the current loop feedback of the micro geared motor is monitored in real time by the MCU. When a sharp rise in current is detected, indicating that the energy storage spring has entered the dead zone, a preset current is injected within a preset time to break through the spring resistance peak. After breaking through the spring resistance peak, the normal current is restored, and a preset end thrust is maintained at the closing end point, and an anti-rebound delay confirmation window is started. If no position retraction is detected within the window, the closing success status is latched in the closed loop to the internal status register.

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