Far-end module based photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation method and related device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of current sensing measurement, in particular to a photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation method based on a remote module and related equipment. The method comprises the following steps: a simulation merging unit is closed loop adjusted to regulate laser energy, laser output power intervals and remote module current sampling values are obtained; photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency averages are calculated based on real-time data of the remote module; module response time is calculated according to laser power and sampling current mutation time difference; a temperature rise test is carried out under laser full power, and timing temperature and over-regulation voltage curves are obtained; full-temperature-domain optical output characteristic curves are obtained by fitting multi-temperature-zone optical fiber output optical power; photovoltaic cell thermal runaway risk is determined by combining all collected calculation data and thermal balance rules, and the final thermal effect evaluation result is output. The method can facilitate direct operation of testers, cover multi-dimensional parameter correlation analysis, troubleshoot potential faults in advance, and support conventional and abnormal working condition state evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of current sensing and measurement technology, and in particular to a method and related equipment for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on a remote module. Background Technology

[0002] Internationally, DC current transformers are mainly divided into two types: optical and zero-flux. In the past decade, shunt-type electrical DC current transformers have become the mainstream application in domestic converter stations. This equipment converts DC current into a low-voltage signal via a shunt, which is then converted into an optical signal by the acquisition unit and transmitted via optical fiber. The acquisition unit is remotely powered by a laser in the control room's merging unit, relying on photovoltaic cells to convert light energy to power the equipment. During operation, overshoot energy is converted into heat, placing extremely high demands on module heat dissipation and device temperature reliability. It is a core device for measurement, protection, and control in DC transmission systems. Currently, converter stations only rely on the built-in monitoring mechanism of the merging unit to monitor parameters such as laser drive power, temperature, and overshoot voltage of remote modules during operation. This monitoring method has many inherent defects and cannot meet the needs of on-site operation and maintenance.

[0003] Current monitoring methods only cover normal operating conditions and cannot simulate abnormal conditions for performance evaluation, resulting in significant blind spots in monitoring coverage. Furthermore, existing technologies only collect single, independent data points and lack a correlation analysis system for multi-dimensional data such as temperature, overshoot, output optical power, and current sampling, making it impossible to accurately and comprehensively determine the true health status of remote modules. More critically, current monitoring methods can only capture faults and anomalies that have already occurred; by the time a problem is detected, the remote module is already in a faulty or failed state, making early prediction and potential warning impossible. In addition, there are no effective individual testing methods for backup remote modules before they are put into operation, leaving them in a completely unknown "black box" state, leading to repeated instances of replacement modules failing again shortly afterward. Therefore, existing monitoring technologies suffer from poor predictability, limited evaluation dimensions, and limited detection capabilities, seriously impacting the safe and stable operation of converter stations.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to propose a method and related equipment for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on a remote module. This method facilitates direct operation by testing personnel, covers multi-dimensional parameter correlation analysis, identifies potential faults in advance, and supports evaluation of both normal and abnormal operating conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes a method for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on a remote module. The method is applied to a testing instrument to evaluate and test the remote module, and includes the following steps: The laser energy of the remote module is controlled by the closed-loop regulation of the simulation merging unit to obtain the output power range of the laser and the current sampling value of the remote module. The conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is calculated based on the real-time data obtained from the remote module to obtain the average conversion efficiency. Based on the obtained laser output power change time and current sampling change time, the difference in response delay of the remote module is calculated to obtain the module response time. By locking the laser to continuous full-power output under communication power failure conditions, a constant power temperature rise test was conducted on the remote module to obtain the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve. Based on the optical fiber output power of the remote module at different temperatures, the temperature variation characteristics of the optical fiber output power are fitted and modeled to obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. Based on the output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, the full-temperature-range light output characteristic curve, and the thermal balance rule, the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell is assessed, and the thermal effect evaluation result is obtained.

[0007] In some embodiments, the closed-loop regulation includes the following steps: Obtain the communication link status; When the communication link is in an abnormal state, the initial laser energy is output; When the communication link is in a normal state, the output voltage status and overshoot value reported by the remote module are obtained. When the output voltage is low, the output energy of the laser is increased according to the overshoot value. When the output voltage is too high, the output energy of the laser is reduced according to the overshoot value. When the output voltage is within the normal range, the adjustment of the laser's output energy is stopped.

[0008] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell based on the real-time data obtained from the remote module to obtain the average conversion efficiency includes the following steps: Acquire real-time data from the remote module, including real-time over-adjustment voltage data and real-time temperature data; The photovoltaic cell is temperature-screened based on the real-time over-adjustment voltage data and the real-time temperature data to obtain multiple sets of matching datasets with corresponding power and over-adjustment voltage at the same temperature. A constant power consumption calculation is performed on each set of matching datasets to obtain the instantaneous conversion efficiency of a single set of photovoltaic cells; The average conversion efficiency is obtained by averaging the instantaneous conversion efficiencies of multiple sets at the same temperature.

[0009] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the difference in response delay between the remote module and the obtained laser output power abrupt change time and current sampling abrupt change time to obtain the module response time includes the following steps: Acquire the output power timing data of the laser and the current sampling value timing data of the remote module; The power curve abrupt change inflection point of the output power time series data and the current sampling value curve abrupt change inflection point of the current sampling value time series data are retrieved, and the timestamps of the retrieved power curve abrupt change inflection point and the current sampling value curve abrupt change inflection point are extracted to obtain the laser output power abrupt change time and the current sampling abrupt change time. The module response time is obtained by performing a difference calculation between the sudden change time of the laser output power and the sudden change time of the current sampling.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of locking the laser to continuous full-power output under communication power failure conditions and conducting a constant power temperature rise test on the remote module to obtain the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve includes the following steps: By adjusting the output power of the laser to its maximum power under a constant temperature environment and continuously applying power to the remote module, the laser input power is obtained. During the period when the laser is loaded at maximum power, the real-time temperature and over-adjustment voltage of the remote module are continuously and synchronously acquired in a time-series sampling manner to obtain the original temperature dataset and the original over-adjustment voltage dataset with timestamps. According to the laser input power, the original temperature dataset with timestamps is searched for threshold temperature sampling points. If the original temperature dataset does not meet the threshold temperature sampling points, the original temperature dataset is corrected by temperature coefficient according to the test start temperature to obtain the corrected temperature time series dataset. By binding a unified timestamp, coordinate fitting is performed on the temperature time series dataset and the original over-adjustment voltage dataset with timestamps to obtain the time series temperature curve and the time series over-adjustment voltage curve.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of fitting and modeling the temperature variation characteristics of the optical fiber output power based on the optical fiber output power of the remote module at different temperatures to obtain a full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve includes the following steps: By repeatedly locking the laser to full power continuous output under communication power failure conditions, the remote module was subjected to repeated temperature rise tolerance test to obtain the synchronously associated ambient temperature and the optical fiber output power. After converting the optical fiber output power into logarithmic power units, the optical fiber transmission loss is compensated for by difference calculation to obtain the actual logarithmic output power. After fitting the data with the ambient temperature as the horizontal axis and the actual logarithmic output optical power as the vertical axis, a correlation model is performed on the ambient temperature and the optical fiber output optical power to obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of assessing the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell and obtaining a thermal effect evaluation result based on the output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series overadjustment voltage curve, the full-temperature-range light output characteristic curve, and the thermal balance rule includes the following steps: The output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, and the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve are preprocessed to obtain a standardized dataset; The risk level is obtained by comparing and verifying the standardized dataset and the heat balance rule. The operational reliability of the photovoltaic cell is assessed based on the standardized dataset and the risk level, resulting in the thermal effect evaluation.

[0013] In some embodiments, the tester includes an instruction set processor core and a programmable gate array (PGA); the instruction set processor core is used for human-computer interaction and comprehensive evaluation, and the PGA is used for real-time control of the laser's drive and data acquisition. The laser includes a symmetrical operational amplifier power circuit, a sampling resistor, and a dual differential follower; the symmetrical operational amplifier power circuit is used to convert the control voltage into a high-power drive current to drive the laser, the sampling resistor is used to convert the drive current into an acquireable voltage signal, and the dual differential follower is used to eliminate ground potential interference.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application proposes a photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation system based on a remote module, the system comprising: The basic evaluation unit is used to control the laser energy of the remote module through the closed-loop adjustment of the simulation merging unit to obtain the output power range of the laser and the current sampling value of the remote module. A photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency evaluation unit is used to calculate the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell based on the real-time data acquired from the remote module, and obtain the average conversion efficiency. The response time evaluation unit is used to calculate the difference in response delay of the remote module based on the obtained laser output power change time and current sampling change time, so as to obtain the module response time. The temperature effect evaluation unit is used to conduct a constant power temperature rise test on the remote module by locking the laser to full power continuous output under communication power failure conditions, and obtaining the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve. The optical power temperature characteristic detection unit is used to fit and model the temperature change characteristics of the optical fiber output optical power based on the optical fiber output optical power of the remote module at different temperatures, and obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. The summary output unit is used to assess the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell based on the output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, the full-temperature-range light output characteristic curve, and the thermal balance rule, and obtain the thermal effect evaluation result.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described above.

[0016] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a method and related equipment for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on remote modules. This scheme controls the laser energy by replicating the closed-loop regulation logic of the laser in the merging unit, which can stably drive the cold standby remote module to the actual hot standby operating condition in the field. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies that can only monitor online operating modules and cannot detect standby modules in advance, solving the field problems of unknown status of standby modules before commissioning and repeated failures after replacement. Secondly, multiple key indicators are collected and calculated in layers, and the laser power range, current sampling, photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency, module response time, time-series temperature and pressure curve, and full-temperature-domain fiber optic power curve are acquired simultaneously. This breaks through the limitations of the original monitoring that only collects scattered and independent data with no correlation between parameters. Relying on the mutual verification of multi-dimensional data, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of module status determination are greatly improved. Simultaneously, under extreme fault conditions simulating communication disconnection and full-power laser output, a long-term constant-power temperature rise test was conducted. Temperature and over-adjustment voltage time-series change curves were simultaneously collected. Based on the thermal equilibrium temperature rise threshold, potential thermal runaway hazards of the photovoltaic cells were accurately identified, allowing for early prediction of device failure risks at high temperatures. This differs from existing monitoring systems that only alarm after module failure and lack advance warning capabilities. Finally, all multi-dimensional detection data and thermal equilibrium rules were integrated to uniformly analyze the thermal effects of the photovoltaic cells, automatically outputting a complete evaluation conclusion without requiring manual analysis of scattered data. The entire process is adapted to automated testing instruments, enabling one-click completion of the entire testing process and providing laser protection during abnormal shutdowns, reducing the probability of human error and ensuring the long-term safe and stable operation of the converter station's DC transformers from the source. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal architecture of the remote module acquisition unit; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture for monitoring remote modules and merging units; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture for the tester to test remote modules; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the laser power supply module in the tester; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of remote module power management, overvoltage monitoring, and temperature monitoring; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the thermal effect of a photovoltaic cell based on a remote module, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the logical architecture of the regulation process; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation system based on a remote module provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0020] In related technologies, the high-voltage side remote module of a shunt-type DC current transformer is remotely powered via a low-potential merging unit laser through a power supply fiber, such as... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 Two analog input signals , Two AD conversion modules are connected to the circuit, and the converted digital signals are sent to the CPU control module. The merging unit transmits laser energy to the photovoltaic cell via a power fiber. The photovoltaic cell converts the light energy into electrical energy and sends it to the power control module. The power control module outputs power to the AD conversion, CPU control module, and photoelectric conversion module in three independent paths. The CPU control module processes the sampled data and outputs it to the photoelectric conversion module, which converts it into an optical signal and transmits it outward via a fiber optic serial port and a data fiber. The remote module collects the voltage signals of the shunt and air-core coil through two analog input terminals. The photovoltaic cell and power control module output ±5V, 3.3V, and 5V voltages respectively to supply the AD conversion, CPU control module, and photoelectric conversion circuit. In case of overshoot, the excess light energy of the photovoltaic cell is converted into heat, which places stringent requirements on the reliability of the device's temperature control.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2The merging unit on the low- and medium-potential side establishes bidirectional communication with the high-voltage side remote module via two optical fibers. The power supply fiber transmits laser power downwards, while the data fiber transmits sampling and status data from the remote module upwards. After the merging unit aggregates the collected laser power, temperature, overvoltage, and other data, it uploads them to the transformer monitoring platform. This only enables post-event monitoring of the remote module's online operating status and lacks pre-emptive detection functionality for backup modules. Relying solely on the merging unit's online monitoring of laser drive power, temperature, and over-adjustment voltage allows for the collection of single, independent data from the operating module, lacking parameter correlation analysis capabilities and the ability to simulate abnormal operating conditions such as communication disconnection and full power for predictive analysis. By the time a fault alarm is triggered, the device has already failed. Furthermore, there are no testing methods for the backup remote module before its commissioning, and its status is completely unknown. On-site, there have been multiple instances where the fault reappeared shortly after the backup module was replaced, seriously threatening the stable operation of the converter station.

[0022] In view of this, this application provides a method and related equipment for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on remote modules. This solution aims to evaluate the status of standby remote modules in a cold standby state. By using a tester to obtain the temperature, over-adjustment voltage, energy input optical power, data output optical power, and real-time sampling values ​​of the remote module, a comprehensive evaluation is performed to provide the health status of the remote module in a black box state, thus assisting on-site maintenance personnel.

[0023] The tester consists of six main parts: a host computer PC interaction unit, a ZYNQ dual-core main control unit, a DA laser drive unit, a dual-channel AD acquisition unit, a fiber optic transceiver communication unit, and a laser power supply drive circuit. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The dashed box in the middle represents the entire test instrument, which externally interfaces with a host PC and a remote module on the high-voltage side. The core of the test instrument is a ZYNQ chip, which consists of a programmable gate array (FPGA) and an instruction set processor core (ARM core). The host PC connects to the ARM core via an RJ45 network port and an Ethernet PHY chip through a MII bus. High-speed data exchange between the ARM core and the FPGA is achieved. The FPGA connects to the DA1 converter chip and the AD1 acquisition chip via two SPI buses. The FPGA connects to a fiber optic receiver via I / O interfaces. The fiber optic receiver, equipped with an RC signal conditioning circuit, is then connected to the AD2 acquisition chip. The DA1 converter chip outputs a control voltage. The laser power supply module is fed in, and the laser power supply module outputs a feedback voltage. AD1 is transmitted back; the laser power module transmits laser energy to the remote module through the power supply fiber, and the remote module sends the sampled data back to the fiber optic receiver of the tester through the data fiber. Figure 3 Explanation of Chinese annotation symbols: This indicates the output laser control voltage of DA1. The feedback voltage output by the laser power supply module is represented by IdS, the data transmission bus of AD2 is represented by SPI, the communication bus of DA1 or AD1 is represented by MII, the interface between the ARM core and the Ethernet PHY is represented by I / O interface, the interface between the FPGA and the fiber optic receiver is represented by power fiber, the laser energy transmission channel is represented by data transmission channel of the remote module is represented by RSSI, and the fiber optic received signal strength detection signal is represented by RSSI.

[0024] The main control unit uses a ZYNQ 7020 dual-core chip, integrating an FPGA and an ARM core, paired with a high-temperature constant-temperature OCXO crystal oscillator as the global clock, with a clock frequency accuracy of 5ppm. The hardware division of labor is clear: the FPGA, with its high real-time performance, undertakes real-time hardware tasks such as DA output control, high-speed AD data acquisition, fiber optic data transmission and reception, and timing closed-loop adjustment; the ARM core is responsible for receiving test commands from the host computer, multi-dimensional data processing, thermal effect evaluation algorithm calculation, human-computer interaction, test script distribution, and overall system debugging.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The circuit receives the control voltage output from the DA1 of the test instrument. This completes the entire process of power amplification, laser driving, and differential voltage sampling. The circuit input signal is the control voltage output from DA1. All resistors are uniformly labeled as The current sampling resistor is marked as The left side shows a symmetrical differential operational amplifier circuit, with the op-amp powered by ±12V. through Connect to the inverting input of the op-amp, and the non-inverting input of the op-amp is connected via... Grounding, feedback branch, and balancing branch are all configured This constitutes a symmetrical differential amplifier topology; the op-amp output is... After voltage division, it is split into two paths. One path is connected to two voltage followers. The upper follower outputs V- and the lower follower outputs V+. V+ and V- form a differential sampling voltage, which is sent to AD1 for acquisition. The lower end connects to the laser, and the lasers are connected in parallel. With filter capacitor The circuit adopts a reverse drive architecture, with the negative terminal of the laser grounded, relying on the ground potential to stabilize the output drive current. Figure 4 The laser power supply module converts the control voltage into a current signal with power output via an operational amplifier. To ensure laser safety, the laser employs reverse control, with a stable drive current provided by ground potential. To obtain a precise drive current, an additional current is added to the drive circuit. Sampling resistor, in Two differential followers are placed at both ends to convert the voltage signal into a differential voltage signal, thus avoiding sampling errors caused by power supply and grounding issues between the test instrument and the laser power supply module. The test instrument then reads the feedback voltage signal from the laser power supply module via AD1. The data is then sent to the FPGA via the SPI bus. The FPGA completes the data acquisition and then sends it to the ARM to calculate the laser output optical power according to the calculation formula.

[0026] The laser output provides power to the remote module, putting it into operation. The tester then reads the digital signal from the remote module via a fiber optic receiver. Simultaneously, while the fiber optic receiver converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, an AD2 converter tracks the voltage signal across its grounding resistor R. The FPGA completes the data acquisition and calculates the output power of the remote module's serial port with the long fiber optic cable connected, according to the established formula. The tester parses the remote module's output protocol through the HMI configuration and reads the remote module's output sample value, overshoot of the remote module's self-check, and real-time temperature information from the message. Figure 4 Chinese symbols explanation: The DA output control voltage, This is a high-precision current sampling resistor; V+ and V- are differential sampling voltages. The output filter capacitor is ±12V, the operational amplifier power supply is ±12V, and the laser is a 2W domestically produced driver light source.

[0027] The laser is equipped with a domestically produced 2W laser power supply, employing a reverse current drive design, and is compatible with remote-end module photovoltaic cells from different manufacturers; the circuit... The laser drive current is collected, and two independent voltage followers isolate and output differential sampling signals to eliminate sampling interference caused by the ground potential difference between the test instrument and the laser power supply module, ensuring the AD1 acquisition feedback voltage. Precision.

[0028] The tester is equipped with two 18-bit high-precision AD conversion chips, AD7982 (AD1 and AD2). These chips are successive approximation analog-to-digital converters with a maximum sampling rate of 1000kSPS, a single 2.5V power supply, and a built-in 18-bit sampling unit with no missing codes and an internal conversion clock. They support SPI and daisy-chain communication. The AD1 channel interfaces with the FPGA via the SPI bus to acquire the feedback voltage obtained from differential sampling by the laser power supply circuit. The AD2 channel is used to calculate the laser output power range in real time. The AD2 channel connects to the FPGA via the IdS bus to collect the RSSI signal output by the RC conditioning circuit at the back end of the fiber optic receiver. It converts the optical serial port received power into a voltage signal, which is then converted into dBm logarithmic optical power to eliminate hundreds of meters of optical fiber transmission loss in the field.

[0029] Data reception utilizes the AFBR 2418TZ fiber optic receiver with an ST standard interface, operating in a temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃, a receiving wavelength of 865nm, and a maximum transmission rate of 50MBd. It is adaptable to high and low temperature field conditions and compatible with various remote module fiber optic data protocols. The fiber optic receiver loop is equipped with an RC low-pass filter circuit (resistor R, capacitor C) to smooth the RSSI signal before sending it to AD2. The entire unit uniformly converts the fiber optic output power to the FT3 standard dBm logarithmic power for easy fitting of the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve.

[0030] The host PC connects to the tester's Ethernet PHY chip via an RJ45 network port. The PHY chip interacts with the ZYNQ's ARM core via the MII bus. The ARM core receives automated test commands from the host PC and sends them to the FPGA to execute the entire process of laser closed-loop regulation, temperature rise test, and multi-parameter acquisition. After the test is completed, the photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency, response time, and thermal runaway risk assessment results are sent back to the host PC for display. The entire device is equipped with LURA automated test scripts. The FPGA monitors the AD and DA operation status in real time and immediately cuts off the DA1 output when abnormal acquisition occurs to avoid damage to the laser modulation disorder.

[0031] In some embodiments, the remote module is the core acquisition unit on the high-voltage side of the DC current transformer. The entire unit relies on the power supply fiber on the test instrument side to receive laser energy to complete self-powering, and simultaneously realizes the full-process functions of voltage sampling, temperature acquisition, status monitoring, and fiber optic data upload. The overall hardware architecture is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 The Zhonggong Energy Fiber Optic Receiver Tester sends laser energy input to the photovoltaic cell; the photovoltaic cell outputs two signals, one outputting an over-adjusted voltage sent to the CPU control module, and the other connected to the power control module; the power control module branches out three regulated power supply branches, outputting ±5V, 3.3V, and 5V power respectively; two analog input signals... , Each module is connected to an independent AD conversion unit, whose output digital signal is sent to the CPU control module. A temperature chip acquisition module collects real-time temperature data and uploads it to the CPU control module. The CPU control module then aggregates the data and outputs it to the photoelectric conversion unit, which transmits all monitoring data back to the tester via fiber optic serial port and data fiber optic cable. The section marked "from merging unit" indicates the laser power input link during normal operation; under test conditions, this is replaced by the tester's power supply fiber optic cable. The remote module has no external AC power supply and relies entirely on the laser energy transmitted via the laser power supply fiber optic cable. The photoelectric cell performs photoelectric conversion to obtain the raw electrical energy. However, the laser output energy fluctuates, and the photoelectric cell output voltage is unstable. Therefore, an independent power control module is installed to perform voltage regulation and conversion, which is the core technology for the stable operation of the remote module.

[0032] The power control module receives the unstable raw voltage from the photocell, regulates it to a unified reference voltage of 5V bus, and then outputs standard voltages adapted to different devices through three independent voltage regulation circuits, solving the problem of device malfunction caused by unstable laser power supply. The first voltage regulation circuit outputs ±5V, dedicated to supplying two AD conversion units to meet the positive and negative power requirements for high-precision sampling of analog signals; the second voltage regulation circuit outputs 3.3V, serving as the core operating power for the CPU control module and temperature chip, adapting to the standard power supply of digital chips; the third voltage regulation circuit outputs 5V, supplying fiber optic data transceivers such as photocells and fiber optic serial ports, ensuring stable data transmission over fiber optics. The entire power supply architecture uses 5V as a unified conversion reference, and all functional modules rely on this voltage regulation system to obtain stable operating power, ensuring continuous operation of modules under high and low temperature conditions and laser power fluctuations.

[0033] The remote module is equipped with a multi-dimensional synchronous acquisition channel, capable of simultaneously acquiring three types of status data: analog sampling signals, power supply over-adjustment voltage, and overall unit temperature. Two external analog signals are also included. , An independent AD conversion unit performs analog-to-digital conversion, converting analog signals into digital signals which are then fed into the CPU control module to achieve basic sampling of the current transformer. The photovoltaic cell directly outputs over-adjustment voltage to the CPU control module, monitoring the output voltage of the laser power supply circuit in real time to reflect the current light power status of the photovoltaic cell. An independent temperature chip collects the overall temperature of the remote module in real time and uploads the temperature value to the CPU control module to achieve temperature rise monitoring of the power supply circuit and photovoltaic cell area. Under current normal operating conditions, the above-mentioned over-adjustment voltage, temperature, and sampling current data can only be viewed individually in real time. These data are independent of each other and lack correlation analysis capabilities. Furthermore, in cold standby mode, without laser power supply, no online monitoring can be carried out. After the CPU control module aggregates the AD sampling data, over-adjustment voltage, and temperature data, it converts the electrical signal into an optical signal through the photoelectric conversion unit. All monitoring data is then transmitted back over a long distance to the low-voltage side tester via fiber optic serial port and data fiber optic cable.

[0034] The following parameters are mainly required for the evaluation of this application: laser control voltage. Laser output power The output optical power of the serial fiber in the remote module The following parameters are considered: temperature T of the remote module; over-adjustment voltage u of the remote module; and real-time sampled value i of the remote module output. This forms a multi-dimensional assessment of the thermal effect of the photovoltaic cell based on the remote module.

[0035] The formula for calculating the output power of the laser is: ; in, This indicates the output power of the laser. This indicates the measured voltage of AD1. Indicates the sampling resistor. This indicates the rated voltage of the laser.

[0036] The formula for calculating the output optical power of the serial fiber optic cable of the remote module is as follows: ; in, This indicates the output optical power of the serial fiber in the remote module. R represents the measured voltage of AD1, and R represents the sampling resistor at the front end of AD2. This indicates the rated voltage of the fiber optic receiver. The temperature T of the remote module, the over-adjustment voltage u of the remote module, and the real-time sampled value i of the remote module output are all obtained by reading the information in the remote module output message.

[0037] Figure 6 This is an optional flowchart of a method for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on a remote module, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 The method may include, but is not limited to, steps S110 to S160.

[0038] Step S110: The laser energy of the remote module is controlled by the closed-loop regulation of the simulation merging unit to obtain the output power range of the laser and the current sampling value of the remote module. Step S120: Calculate the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell based on the real-time data obtained from the remote module, and obtain the average conversion efficiency. Step S130: Based on the obtained laser output power change time and current sampling change time, calculate the difference in response delay of the remote module to obtain the module response time. Step S140: By locking the laser to full power continuous output under communication power failure conditions, a constant power temperature rise test is performed on the remote module to obtain the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve. Step S150: Based on the optical fiber output power of the remote module at different temperatures, the temperature variation characteristics of the optical fiber output power are fitted and modeled to obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. Step S160: Based on the output power range, current sampling value, average conversion efficiency, module response time, time-series temperature curve, time-series overadjustment voltage curve, full-temperature range light output characteristic curve, and thermal balance rules, the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell is assessed, and the thermal effect evaluation result is obtained.

[0039] Steps S110 to S160 as shown in the embodiments of this application involve completing a comprehensive performance evaluation test of the remote module using a testing instrument. The first step involves the testing instrument replicating the laser closed-loop adjustment logic of the merging unit, dynamically controlling the laser energy delivered to the remote module, simultaneously calculating the laser output power range, and reading the current sampling value returned by the remote module. The second step involves collecting real-time operating data such as voltage and temperature returned by the remote module, substituting these data into a formula to calculate the photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency, and selecting the average conversion efficiency from multiple sets of data at the same temperature to eliminate interference from temperature and measurement errors. The third step involves simultaneously capturing two time points: a sudden change in laser output power and a sudden change in the current sampling value of the remote module, calculating the time difference between the two, and obtaining the module response time corresponding to the power-on of the remote module and the recovery from a communication failure. The fourth step involves setting the laser to a communication interruption state. In the fault-prone condition, a constant power temperature rise test of the remote module is conducted with continuous full-power laser output. Temperature and over-adjustment voltage time-series data are collected synchronously throughout the process, generating time-series temperature curves and time-series over-adjustment voltage curves. In the fifth step, the optical power output of the remote module fiber is collected under various ambient temperatures, and the optical power variation with temperature is fitted and modeled to obtain a full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. In the sixth step, all the aforementioned detection data are integrated, namely the laser output power range, remote module current sampling value, average photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency, module response time, time-series temperature curve, time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, and full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. Combined with the preset thermal equilibrium temperature rise judgment rules, the risk of photovoltaic cell thermal runaway is comprehensively judged, and finally, a complete photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation result is output to determine whether the long-term cold standby remote module is ready for switching operation.

[0040] In some embodiments, in step S110, the tester executes the laser closed-loop adjustment logic of the analog merging unit according to the internal FPGA-driven DA conversion module. The process is executed cyclically to replicate the actual operating conditions on site, thereby driving the cold standby remote module to a stable hot standby condition. The adjustment process first continuously acquires the data communication link status of the remote module, and the communication detection covers the physical link, application layer messages, and data verification. If the communication link is determined to be abnormal, the preset initial laser energy is directly output to maintain basic power supply. If all communication link verifications are normal, the output voltage status and the corresponding overshoot value in the remote module's feedback message are read, and the energy adjustment action is executed in branches according to the voltage status to form a continuously looping closed-loop control logic.

[0041] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7The branch logic refines the closed-loop adjustment actions: When the remote module reports a low output voltage, the tester synchronously increases the laser output energy according to the corresponding overshoot value, i.e., the upward adjustment branch in the process; when the remote module reports a high output voltage, the tester decreases the laser output energy according to the overshoot value, i.e., the downward adjustment branch in the process; when both the output voltage and the overshoot fall within the standard allowable range, the power supply status is determined to be up to standard, and the adjustment operation is stopped. The closed-loop adjustment enters the steady-state maintenance stage, with continuous dynamic fine-tuning throughout, simulating the real-time voltage stabilization power supply mechanism of the field merging unit. At the same time, the tester establishes the control voltage. The linear correspondence between power and laser output power provides a calculation benchmark for power conversion.

[0042] After the closed-loop regulation stabilizes, the tester acquires the feedback voltage signal from the laser power supply module via AD1. The laser drive current is calculated by substituting it into the preset power calculation formula, and the laser output power range is further solved. After the laser power supply and the remote module's working state are completely stable, the tester reads the current sampling value returned by the standby remote module through the data fiber, completing all data acquisition in this step. This closed-loop adjustment process can simulate real field operating conditions, complete basic function verification in hot standby mode, and preliminarily determine whether the standby remote module can meet the basic conditions for switching to the operating equipment.

[0043] In some embodiments, in step S120, after completing the closed-loop control of laser energy and obtaining the output power range and the current sampling value of the remote module, the tester initiates the photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency calculation process. It first synchronously collects two types of real-time data transmitted back from the remote module: real-time over-adjustment voltage data reflecting the photovoltaic cell's power supply output state and real-time temperature data characterizing the device's operating environment. The tester establishes a corresponding curve relationship between the laser output power and the remote module's over-adjustment voltage. Simultaneously, based on the remote module's hardware characteristics, it determines the overall power consumption model: the remote module's power supply uses a zero-power switching chip, and the overall power consumption is approximately constant over a short period. A basic relationship is established between the total photovoltaic cell output power, the laser output power, and the conversion efficiency. ,in, This indicates the total power of the photovoltaic cells in the remote module. This indicates the output power of the laser. This represents the overall conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, optical fiber, and its accessories. Combining this with the base power consumption and over-adjustment voltage, the complete power consumption formula is derived: ;in, This indicates the total power of the photovoltaic cells in the remote module. This represents the basic power consumption of the remote module, and u represents the over-adjustment voltage value collected within the remote module, providing a theoretical basis for calculating the conversion efficiency.

[0044] The tester repeatedly executes step S110 of the closed-loop adjustment of the analog merging unit, collecting multiple sets of matching data under different operating conditions. Each set of data is synchronously bound to three types of information: laser output power, remote module over-adjustment voltage, and real-time temperature. Temperature filtering is then performed, extracting multiple sets of data with completely identical temperature values ​​to form a same-temperature matching dataset. This eliminates interference from temperature changes affecting the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the photovoltaic cells, preventing temperature drift from distorting the conversion efficiency calculation. Based on the power consumption formula, the formula for calculating the instantaneous conversion efficiency of a single set is derived: ;in, This indicates the overall conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, optical fiber, and its accessories. This represents the base power consumption of the remote module, and u represents the over-adjustment voltage value collected within the remote module. This represents the output power of the laser. For each set of isothermal matched data, the corresponding optical power and overtuning voltage values ​​are substituted to calculate the instantaneous conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell for each set of data.

[0045] The tester aggregates and filters all instantaneous conversion efficiency values ​​at the same temperature, performs an average calculation to obtain the final average conversion efficiency. This multi-point averaging method eliminates random measurement errors caused by single acquisitions and circuit sampling, making the calculation results more closely reflect the actual performance of the photovoltaic cells. This conversion efficiency index integrates the overall photoelectric conversion capability of the photovoltaic cells, power supply optical fibers, and related accessories. It can intuitively reflect the health of the remote module photovoltaic cells under standard normal operating conditions after long-term cold standby, providing core performance parameters for subsequent comprehensive assessment of photovoltaic cell thermal runaway risk.

[0046] In some embodiments, in step S130, after completing the laser closed-loop adjustment and acquiring the laser output power range and remote module current sampling values, the tester simultaneously acquires continuous laser output power time-series data and remote module current sampling value time-series data, completely recording the continuous curves of power and sampling current changes over time. Each sampling data is synchronously bound with a high-precision timestamp, providing a time reference for subsequent abrupt change timing. The tester performs inflection point retrieval on the two time-series curves respectively, accurately identifying the power curve abrupt change in the laser output power curve and the current sampling value curve abrupt change in the remote module current sampling value curve. Then, it extracts the timestamps corresponding to the two inflection points respectively, finally obtaining two sets of time parameters: the laser output power abrupt change time and the current sampling abrupt change time.

[0047] The tester calculates the time difference between the extracted laser output power abrupt change and the current sampling abrupt change, obtaining the time difference value. This difference value is the module response time of the remote module. It can intuitively characterize the response speed of the entire link of photoelectric conversion, power supply regulation, and signal acquisition of the remote module, and can quantitatively reflect the signal recovery time during the power-on startup phase and communication fault recovery phase of the remote module, thereby evaluating the working recovery performance of the backup remote module in the event of sudden communication interruption and laser power fluctuation in the field.

[0048] In some embodiments, in step S140, an extreme fault condition of disconnected fiber optic communication of the remote module is simulated. A constant power temperature rise test is conducted under constant ambient temperature conditions. The tester adjusts the laser output optical power to the initial full power setting value corresponding to the communication power failure condition, completing the continuous constant power loading of the remote module and locking the stable laser input power. Throughout the test, the real-time temperature T and over-adjustment voltage of the remote module are continuously collected synchronously. A unified timestamp is added to each set of temperature and voltage data in a time-series sampling method, generating original temperature datasets and original over-adjustment voltage datasets with timestamps, thereby completely recording the entire process of temperature rise and output voltage fluctuation of the remote module's photovoltaic cells under long-term full-power operation.

[0049] The tester searches the raw temperature dataset for a threshold temperature sampling point, which is preferably a standard temperature of 25°C. The corresponding sampling points are used to calculate the temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic cell. The formula for calculating the temperature coefficient is: ; in, Indicates the temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic cell. This represents the output power at the threshold temperature sampling point, i.e., the output power at 25℃. Indicates in The total power of the remote module photovoltaic cells under the given conditions and These represent the temperatures at the two measuring points, express The total power of the remote module photovoltaic cells under the given conditions express The total power of the photovoltaic cells in the remote module under the given conditions. If no measurement point at 25℃ is collected throughout the test, the initial temperature of the test will be used. Complete the power correction; the correction formula is as follows: ; in, Indicates in The total power of the remote module photovoltaic cells under the given conditions Indicates in The total power of the remote module photovoltaic cells under the given conditions This represents the output power at the threshold temperature sampling point, i.e., the output power at 25℃. This indicates the initial test temperature. All raw temperature data are converted and compensated based on the corrected output power to eliminate calculation errors caused by the initial temperature deviating from the standard 25°C, ultimately generating a corrected temperature time-series dataset.

[0050] The corrected temperature time-series dataset with a unified timestamp was bound one-to-one with the synchronously acquired original over-adjustment voltage dataset with the same timestamp. A coordinate fitting plot was then performed with time as the horizontal axis and corresponding values ​​as the vertical axis, ultimately yielding the time-series temperature curve and the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve. Simultaneously, the temperature rise was calculated based on the curve data. ,in, Indicates a temperature rise. Indicates the starting temperature of the test. This indicates the highest real-time temperature collected by the photovoltaic cell of the remote module throughout the entire temperature rise test. If the temperature rise... If the temperature continues to rise without reaching equilibrium after exceeding 10°C, it can be determined that the photovoltaic cell is at risk of thermal runaway. Based on two time-series curves, a complete quantitative assessment of the photovoltaic cell's temperature tolerance under full-power conditions during communication power outages can be achieved.

[0051] In some embodiments, in steps S150 to S160, the tester acquires the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve based on repeated temperature rise tolerance testing. The test process reuses the test conditions of full-power output under laser communication power failure, and repeatedly performs constant power temperature rise tests on the remote module. Simultaneously, the ambient temperature value corresponding to each temperature node and the optical power received by the tester from the fiber optic serial output are collected to establish a raw data set corresponding to temperature and fiber optic output power. The entire test is uniformly scheduled by a LURA automated script and executed automatically with a single click. If any abnormality occurs in the acquisition link or laser driver, the script will immediately terminate the entire test process to prevent laser modulation disorder caused by acquisition unit failure and to avoid the risks of laser burnout and test data distortion due to human error.

[0052] To compensate for the loss in the collected fiber optic output power, a 400-500 meter long fiber optic cable is typically present between the field and the testing equipment. Fiber optic attenuation loss can interfere with the determination of the true power. Therefore, the fiber optic output power received by the testing instrument is first converted to dBm logarithmic power format before being substituted into the compensation formula. The compensation formula is as follows: ; in, This represents the logarithmic power output from the remote module port. This indicates the fiber optic serial output power received by the tester. The logarithm of L, where L represents the length of the optical fiber in kilometers. This represents the fiber attenuation coefficient. Combining the fiber length L and the fiber attenuation coefficient α, loss difference compensation calculations are performed to eliminate the power attenuation caused by long-distance fiber optics, thus restoring the true logarithmic optical power output from the remote module port. .

[0053] Using the compensated actual logarithmic output optical power as the vertical axis and the synchronously acquired ambient temperature as the horizontal axis, multiple sets of temperature-varying power data are fitted and correlated to form a model, resulting in the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve of the remote module. This curve eliminates the interference of fiber loss on site and can accurately reflect the change law of optical power at the port of the remote module within the entire operating temperature range. It can be directly used to match the actual ambient temperature on site and verify whether the optical output of the module meets the long-term operation standard.

[0054] After all tests and parameters are collected, the process for assessing the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell begins. First, all data, including the laser output power range, remote module current sampling values, average conversion efficiency, module response time, time-series temperature curve, time-series overadjustment voltage curve, and full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve, are standardized to generate a standardized dataset. Then, the standardized dataset is compared and verified item by item with the preset thermal balance judgment rules to determine the corresponding thermal runaway risk level. Finally, the complete standardized dataset and the thermal runaway risk level are combined to comprehensively evaluate the reliability of the photovoltaic cell under long-term high-temperature conditions, and output three categories of thermal effect assessment results: transferable, replaceable, and faulty, thus completing the performance assessment of the backup remote module.

[0055] This application includes a separate portable tester, featuring a portable, separate design where the tester and laser power supply control module are independent. Since the laser generates significant heat during electro-optical conversion, a heat dissipation design is necessary, making it unsuitable to hold the device in the hand. Therefore, during testing, the laser power supply control module is housed in a well-ventilated metal casing, while the tester is handheld for easy operation by the testing personnel. Simulating normal operation, the laser power supply module is independently placed in the metal casing for sufficient heat dissipation, and the handheld host facilitates on-site operation, providing convenience and avoiding safety hazards caused by laser overheating. The method replicates the control logic of the merged unit to convert the cold standby remote module to hot standby, completing a basic operational capability assessment based on operating parameters. It can accurately calculate the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells, intuitively judging the aging degree of the module after long-term cold standby; by capturing the power-on sampling setup time, it quantifies the module fault recovery time and predicts the impact on equipment protection functions; it forces the laser to full power output to create a temperature rise condition, measuring the temperature change characteristics of the photovoltaic cell efficiency. Multi-dimensional data corroborate each other, comprehensively and accurately completing a comprehensive assessment of the thermal effects of the standby remote module photovoltaic cells, effectively avoiding on-site switching operation failures in advance.

[0056] Please see Figure 8This application also provides a photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation system based on a remote module, which can implement the above method. The system includes: The basic evaluation unit is used to control the laser energy of the remote module through the closed-loop adjustment of the simulation merging unit, so as to obtain the output power range of the laser and the current sampling value of the remote module. The photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency evaluation unit is used to calculate the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell based on the real-time data acquired from the remote module, and obtain the average conversion efficiency. The response time evaluation unit is used to calculate the difference in response delay between the remote module and the obtained laser output power change time and current sampling change time to obtain the module response time. The temperature effect evaluation unit is used to conduct a constant power temperature rise test on the remote module by locking the laser to full power continuous output under communication power failure conditions, and obtaining the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve. The optical power temperature characteristic detection unit is used to fit and model the temperature change characteristics of the optical fiber output optical power based on the optical fiber output optical power of the remote module at different temperatures, and obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. The summary output unit is used to assess the thermal runaway risk of photovoltaic cells based on the output power range, current sampling value, average conversion efficiency, module response time, time-series temperature curve, time-series overadjustment voltage curve, full-temperature range light output characteristic curve, and thermal balance rules, and obtain the thermal effect evaluation results.

[0057] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this system embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0058] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method. This electronic device can be any smart terminal, including tablet computers, in-vehicle computers, etc.

[0059] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this device embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this device embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0060] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The electronic device includes: The processor 901 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. The memory 902 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or random access memory (RAM). The memory 902 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 902 and is called and executed by the processor 901 using the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The input / output interface 903 is used to implement information input and output; The communication interface 904 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.). Bus 905 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 901, memory 902, input / output interface 903, and communication interface 904); The processor 901, memory 902, input / output interface 903, and communication interface 904 are connected to each other within the device via bus 905.

[0061] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0063] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0065] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0066] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0067] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0068] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0069] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0070] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the thermal effect of photovoltaic cells based on a remote module, characterized in that, The method is applied to a tester to evaluate and test a remote module, and the method includes the following steps: The laser energy of the remote module is controlled by the closed-loop regulation of the simulation merging unit to obtain the output power range of the laser and the current sampling value of the remote module. The conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is calculated based on the real-time data obtained from the remote module to obtain the average conversion efficiency. Based on the obtained laser output power change time and current sampling change time, the difference in response delay of the remote module is calculated to obtain the module response time. By locking the laser to continuous full-power output under communication power failure conditions, a constant power temperature rise test was conducted on the remote module to obtain the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve. Based on the optical fiber output power of the remote module at different temperatures, the temperature variation characteristics of the optical fiber output power are fitted and modeled to obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. Based on the output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, the full-temperature-range light output characteristic curve, and the thermal balance rule, the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell is assessed, and the thermal effect evaluation result is obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-loop regulation includes the following steps: Obtain the communication link status; When the communication link is in an abnormal state, the initial laser energy is output; When the communication link is in a normal state, the output voltage status and overshoot value reported by the remote module are obtained. When the output voltage is low, the output energy of the laser is increased according to the overshoot value. When the output voltage is too high, the output energy of the laser is reduced according to the overshoot value. When the output voltage is within the normal range, the adjustment of the laser's output energy is stopped.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell based on the real-time data obtained from the remote module to obtain the average conversion efficiency includes the following steps: Acquire real-time data from the remote module, including real-time over-adjustment voltage data and real-time temperature data; The photovoltaic cell is temperature-screened based on the real-time over-adjustment voltage data and the real-time temperature data to obtain multiple sets of matching datasets with corresponding power and over-adjustment voltage at the same temperature. A constant power consumption calculation is performed on each set of matching datasets to obtain the instantaneous conversion efficiency of a single set of photovoltaic cells; The average conversion efficiency is obtained by averaging the instantaneous conversion efficiencies of multiple sets at the same temperature.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the difference in response delay between the remote module and the obtained laser output power abrupt change time and current sampling abrupt change time to obtain the module response time includes the following steps: Acquire the output power timing data of the laser and the current sampling value timing data of the remote module; The power curve abrupt change inflection point of the output power time series data and the current sampling value curve abrupt change inflection point of the current sampling value time series data are retrieved, and the timestamps of the retrieved power curve abrupt change inflection point and the current sampling value curve abrupt change inflection point are extracted to obtain the laser output power abrupt change time and the current sampling abrupt change time. The module response time is obtained by performing a difference calculation between the sudden change time of the laser output power and the sudden change time of the current sampling.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of locking the laser to full-power continuous output under communication power failure conditions and conducting a constant power temperature rise test on the remote module to obtain the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve includes the following steps: By adjusting the output power of the laser to its maximum power under a constant temperature environment and continuously applying power to the remote module, the laser input power is obtained. During the period when the laser is loaded at maximum power, the real-time temperature and over-adjustment voltage of the remote module are continuously and synchronously acquired in a time-series sampling manner to obtain the original temperature dataset and the original over-adjustment voltage dataset with timestamps. According to the laser input power, the original temperature dataset with timestamps is searched for threshold temperature sampling points. If the original temperature dataset does not meet the threshold temperature sampling points, the original temperature dataset is corrected by temperature coefficient according to the test start temperature to obtain the corrected temperature time series dataset. By binding a unified timestamp, coordinate fitting is performed on the temperature time series dataset and the original over-adjustment voltage dataset with timestamps to obtain the time series temperature curve and the time series over-adjustment voltage curve.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of fitting and modeling the temperature-varying characteristics of the optical fiber output power based on the optical fiber output power of the remote module at different temperatures to obtain a full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve includes the following steps: By repeatedly locking the laser to full power continuous output under communication power failure conditions, the remote module was subjected to repeated temperature rise tolerance test to obtain the synchronously associated ambient temperature and the optical fiber output power. After converting the optical fiber output power into logarithmic power units, the optical fiber transmission loss is compensated for by difference calculation to obtain the actual logarithmic output power. After fitting the data with the ambient temperature as the horizontal axis and the actual logarithmic output optical power as the vertical axis, a correlation model is performed on the ambient temperature and the optical fiber output optical power to obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell based on the output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series overadjustment voltage curve, the full-temperature-range light output characteristic curve, and the thermal balance rules, to obtain a thermal effect evaluation result, includes the following steps: The output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, and the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve are preprocessed to obtain a standardized dataset; The risk level is obtained by comparing and verifying the standardized dataset and the heat balance rule. The operational reliability of the photovoltaic cell is assessed based on the standardized dataset and the risk level, resulting in the thermal effect evaluation.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tester includes an instruction set processor core and a programmable gate array; the instruction set processor core is used for human-computer interaction and comprehensive evaluation, and the programmable gate array is used for real-time control of the laser's drive and data acquisition. The laser includes a symmetrical operational amplifier power circuit, a sampling resistor, and a dual differential follower; the symmetrical operational amplifier power circuit is used to convert the control voltage into a high-power drive current to drive the laser, the sampling resistor is used to convert the drive current into an acquireable voltage signal, and the dual differential follower is used to eliminate ground potential interference.

9. A photovoltaic cell thermal effect evaluation system based on a remote module, characterized in that, The system includes: The basic evaluation unit is used to control the laser energy of the remote module through the closed-loop adjustment of the simulation merging unit to obtain the output power range of the laser and the current sampling value of the remote module. A photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency evaluation unit is used to calculate the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell based on the real-time data acquired from the remote module, and obtain the average conversion efficiency. The response time evaluation unit is used to calculate the difference in response delay of the remote module based on the obtained laser output power change time and current sampling change time, so as to obtain the module response time. The temperature effect evaluation unit is used to conduct a constant power temperature rise test on the remote module by locking the laser to full power continuous output under communication power failure conditions, and obtaining the timing temperature curve and timing over-adjustment voltage curve. The optical power temperature characteristic detection unit is used to fit and model the temperature change characteristics of the optical fiber output optical power based on the optical fiber output optical power of the remote module at different temperatures, and obtain the full-temperature-range optical output characteristic curve. The summary output unit is used to assess the thermal runaway risk of the photovoltaic cell based on the output power range, the current sampling value, the average conversion efficiency, the module response time, the time-series temperature curve, the time-series over-adjustment voltage curve, the full-temperature-range light output characteristic curve, and the thermal balance rule, and obtain the thermal effect evaluation result.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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