An optical element assembly method, device and medium based on synchronous machining

Abstract

The application discloses an optical element assembling method and device based on synchronous machining, and a medium. The assembling method comprises the following steps: setting a first optical element with an arbitrary-shaped through hole and a second optical element to be machined; lighting a light source so that a light beam emitted by the light source covers and passes through the through hole of the first optical element, is emitted from the opposite side of the first light transmission surface, is reflected by a reflecting mirror to a light splitting surface of a light splitting prism, reaches the second optical element to form a light spot, and a light spot image is obtained; fixing the first optical element as a reference piece, adjusting the second optical element, and machining corresponding through holes according to the region where the light spot is located. The application fundamentally solves the problems of low precision and poor consistency in the traditional manual assembling and adjusting mode, takes one optical element as a reference, adjusts the position and attitude of another optical element according to the reference, and then realizes real-time machining and strict conjugate alignment of the two optical elements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machine vision, and particularly relates to an optical element assembly method, apparatus and medium based on synchronous processing. Background Technology

[0002] In precision optical systems, it is often necessary to achieve a precise spatial conjugate configuration of two optical elements with through-hole structures (such as slits) relative to a beam splitter prism. This configuration is widely used in spectral imaging, confocal measurement, interferometry, and beam shaping. In a typical application, the first optical element is placed on one side of the first light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter prism, and the second optical element is placed on the other side, forming a conjugate relationship through the beam-splitting surface inside the prism. To ensure system imaging quality, energy efficiency, or signal contrast, the two optical elements need to be precisely aligned in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Their conjugate error typically needs to be controlled within the micrometer or even sub-micrometer range, especially when the through-hole size is small, which drastically increases the difficulty of assembly and adjustment.

[0003] Traditional assembly and adjustment processes often rely on a combination of manual visual observation and mechanical fine-tuning frames. Operators use a magnifying microscope or camera monitor to observe the projection or transmitted images of two through-holes on the prism's imaging surface. By repeatedly rotating and translating the fine-tuning frame manually, the images of the two through-holes are visually aligned to approximately coincide. Then, adhesive is applied for curing or locking to secure the alignment. Finally, system-level performance testing verifies the conjugation effect. However, this method has several inherent drawbacks: First, the human eye has limited resolution, making it difficult to accurately quantify minute offsets and angular deviations, and subjective judgment varies greatly, leading to uncontrollable assembly and adjustment accuracy. Second, when the through-hole shape is not limited to rectangular slits, it is difficult to standardize the manual alignment benchmark, making judgment even more challenging. Third, during curing or locking, adhesive shrinkage, stress release, or mechanical return errors can easily introduce secondary offsets, rendering the original alignment invalid. Fourth, in mass production, the process suffers from poor consistency and repeatability, severely restricting product yield and production efficiency, and rework operations are complex and costly.

[0004] Therefore, achieving high-precision, repeatable, and quantifiable automatic alignment of dual optical elements relative to a beam splitter during assembly has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of precision optical assembly. This invention addresses these issues by providing an optical element assembly method, apparatus, and medium based on synchronous processing, fundamentally improving the insufficient precision and poor consistency of traditional assembly methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and provide an optical element assembly method, device and medium based on synchronous processing, which fundamentally improves the problems of insufficient accuracy and poor consistency of traditional assembly methods.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives and effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: An optical component assembly method based on synchronous processing includes: A first optical element with a through hole of arbitrary shape and a second optical element to be processed are set up, respectively located at the conjugate position of the first and second light-transmitting surfaces of the beam splitter, and adjusted so that the planes of the first and second optical elements are parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces, respectively. The light source is lit, causing it to emit a uniform beam of light that is directed toward the first light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter. The beam of light covers and passes through the through-hole of the first optical element, exits from the side of the first light-transmitting surface, is reflected back to the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter by a reflector, reaches the second optical element to form a light spot, and is captured by an image sensor facing the second light-transmitting surface or the side of the second light-transmitting surface to obtain a light spot image. The first optical element is fixed as a reference component, the second optical element is adjusted and kept parallel to the second light-transmitting surface until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range, and corresponding through holes are formed according to the area where the light spot is located. The first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface are adjacent to each other and are located on both sides of the beam-splitting surface of the beam-splitting prism, respectively; the reflector is disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting surface and parallel to the first light-transmitting surface; the optical axis of the light source is consistent with the optical axis of the beam-splitting prism, and the uniform beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source.

[0007] Furthermore, when the second optical element is made of an opaque material, the image sensor faces the side of the second light-transmitting surface; When the second optical element is a light-transmitting material, the image sensor faces the second light-transmitting surface.

[0008] Furthermore, the calibration method for the image sensor includes: Before setting the first and second optical elements, place the calibration object between the light source and the beam splitter, so that the plane of the calibration object is parallel to the first light-transmitting surface. The light source is turned on, so that the beam emitted by the light source passes through the calibration object and the beam splitter in sequence before finally entering the image sensor to obtain the image of the calibration object; Establish a mapping model for all feature points in the image coordinate system and the world coordinate system, and fit the corresponding mapping relationship. When adjusting the second optical element, the spot image is corrected based on the mapping relationship until the size of the corrected spot image is within a preset threshold range; The location of the calibrator is consistent with the position of the first optical element after it is fixed.

[0009] Furthermore, fixing the first optical element includes: using a pre-made thickness of glass gasket to bond and fix the first optical element and the first light-transmitting surface respectively.

[0010] Further, adjusting the planes containing the first and second optical elements to be parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces, respectively, includes: By using a telecentric lens facing the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter, images of the first and second optical elements are captured, resulting in two different side view images. Adjust the first optical element and the second optical element respectively until the intersection line of the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter and the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface is parallel to the length direction of the side view image corresponding to the first optical element and the second optical element respectively, and the width of the two side view images is equal to the imaging width under the theoretical posture. The non-light-transmitting surface is perpendicular to both the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface.

[0011] Furthermore, after adjusting the second optical element and keeping it parallel to the second light-transmitting surface, the process also includes: Measure the distance between the second optical element and the beam splitter, and select a glass gasket of the corresponding thickness and apply adhesive to the second optical element by subtracting the reserved adhesive layer thickness; Adjust the second optical element during the dispensing and curing process until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range.

[0012] Furthermore, the first optical element is a slit.

[0013] The present invention also provides an optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing, comprising: A first optical element with a through hole of arbitrary shape and a second optical element to be processed are set up, located at the conjugate positions on both sides of the beam splitter, and adjusted so that the planes of the first optical element and the second optical element are perpendicular to each other and both form a 45-degree angle with the plane of the beam splitter. The light source is lit, causing it to emit a uniform beam of light that is directed toward one side of the flat beam splitter. The beam passes through the first optical element and exits from the other side of the flat beam splitter. It is reflected back to the flat beam splitter by a mirror and reaches the second optical element to form a light spot. An image sensor facing either side of the flat beam splitter is used to capture the light spot to obtain a light spot image. The first optical element is fixed as a reference component, the second optical element is adjusted and kept perpendicular to the plane of the first optical element until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range, and corresponding through holes are formed according to the area where the light spot is located. The reflector is parallel to the plane of the first optical element and is located on both sides of the flat beam splitter; the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is parallel to the plane of the second optical element; the optical axis of the light source is consistent with the optical axis of the flat beam splitter, and the uniform beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source.

[0014] The present invention also provides an optical element assembly apparatus based on synchronous processing, which utilizes the above-described assembly method to assemble two flat optical elements, respectively positioned at the conjugate positions of the first and second light-transmitting surfaces of a beam splitter, wherein the first and second light-transmitting surfaces are adjacent and located on opposite sides of the beam splitter surface of the beam splitter. The assembly apparatus includes: A reflector is positioned to the side of the first light-transmitting surface and parallel to the first light-transmitting surface; The light source faces the first light-transmitting surface, causing it to emit a uniform light beam that strikes the first light-transmitting surface of the beam-splitting prism. The beam covers and passes through the through-hole of the first optical element, exits from the side of the first light-transmitting surface, is reflected back to the beam-splitting surface of the beam-splitting prism by a reflector, and reaches the second optical element to form a light spot. The optical axis of the light source is aligned with the optical axis of the beam-splitting prism, and the uniform light beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source. An image sensor, facing the second light-transmitting surface or to the side of the second light-transmitting surface, is used to acquire the light spot and obtain a light spot image; The adjustment mechanism includes a translation adjustment module and an angle adjustment module. The translation adjustment module is used to translate the second optical element in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the second optical element is located. The angle adjustment module is used to keep the plane where the second optical element is located parallel to the second light-transmitting surface until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range. The processing module is used to process corresponding through holes according to the area where the light spot is located; The first optical element has a through hole of arbitrary shape, the corresponding through hole of the second optical element is to be processed, and the planes on which the first optical element and the second optical element are located are parallel to the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface, respectively.

[0015] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described assembly method.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) This invention fundamentally solves the problems of low precision and poor consistency in traditional manual assembly and adjustment methods. By taking one optical element as a reference and adjusting the position and orientation of the other optical element accordingly, strict conjugate alignment of the two optical elements can be achieved at the sub-pixel level, which significantly improves the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the coaxial spectral confocal system.

[0017] (2) The present invention only requires adjustment of six degrees of freedom of the optical element. By fixing one of the optical elements in advance as a reference, only the six degrees of freedom of the other optical element need to be adjusted in the subsequent process, which simplifies the complexity of the adjustment model.

[0018] (3) By adjusting the second optical element to be processed, the present invention can quickly meet the ideal installation position and the adjustment is simpler and more convenient. At this time, it is only necessary to complete the through hole processing on the installed second optical element to realize the conjugate relationship between the through holes of the first optical element and the second optical element, which further improves the accuracy and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the assembly method in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment device in this invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1-beam splitter prism; 11-first light-transmitting surface; 12-second light-transmitting surface; 13-beam splitter surface; 2-first optical element; 3-second optical element; 4-light source; 5-reflector; 6-image sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] For ease of understanding, let's take the dual-slit assembly and adjustment in a coaxial spectral confocal system as an example. Traditional slit bonding assembly and adjustment methods are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of mass production and high reliability. To further improve the reliability of slit adjustment, consider the following two methods: First, there is the bonding method based on mechanical limiting and shim control. The operator first fixes the beam splitter to the base, then inserts a metal or thin-film shim approximately 30μm thick between the slit and the beam splitter to control the adhesive layer gap. Optical adhesive is then applied to the side to fill the gap, and finally the shim is removed and cured. However, this method has drawbacks: the shim itself has manufacturing tolerances (±3-5μm) and is prone to deformation after repeated use, resulting in poor adhesive layer thickness consistency; changes in the air gap cannot be observed in real time during adjustment, making it difficult to compensate for beam splitter surface errors or slit substrate warping; the conjugate alignment between the two slits relies entirely on external references or operator visual inspection, with an accuracy typically only reaching ±5μm, which cannot meet submicron-level conjugate requirements.

[0023] Second, a visually assisted bonding method using a single-axis or three-axis displacement stage and a microscope is employed. The slit is mounted on a three-axis precision displacement stage, a beam splitter is fixed, and the intersection-to-exclusion ratio of the slit edge and the prism's marked line is observed under a microscope. The displacement stage is then adjusted gradually. The adhesive layer thickness is indirectly calculated using the stage's feed scale or a displacement sensor. After adhesive dispensing and curing, testing and verification are performed. However, this method has several drawbacks: the microscope's limited depth of field makes it difficult to clearly image and quantify the minute air gap (approximately 30 μm) between the prism and the slit; adhesive layer thickness control is an "open-loop" method, unable to be corrected in real-time after dispensing and before curing, making it prone to deviations from the target thickness due to adhesive shrinkage or surface tension; and when the two slits are assembled and adjusted independently, the lack of a fixed "reference slit" as a conjugate reference leads to accumulated relative positional errors between the two slits. Example 1

[0024] To solve similar problems mentioned above with optical components, such as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment first provides an optical component assembly method based on synchronous processing, including: A first flat optical element with an arbitrary-shaped through-hole and a second flat optical element to be processed are arranged, respectively located at the conjugate position of the first and second light-transmitting surfaces of a beam-splitting prism. The planes containing the first and second optical elements are adjusted so that they are parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces, respectively. The first and second light-transmitting surfaces are adjacent and located on opposite sides of the beam-splitting surface of the prism. A reflector is positioned opposite the first light-transmitting surface and parallel to it. The beam-splitting prism is a cubic structure formed by cementing two right-angled triangular prisms together. The "conjugate position" is a predetermined position, usually close to an ideal conjugate position, used as the initial state. The specific position can be set according to actual needs without unnecessary limitations. The two optical elements are positioned at the conjugate position and are strictly parallel, providing a stable geometric reference for the entire assembly and adjustment process, avoiding systematic errors caused by reference drift, and improving the controllability of subsequent alignment. Optical conjugation requires that the two optical elements not only be conjugate in a direction perpendicular to their respective light-transmitting surfaces, but their own planar directions must also be perpendicular to the optical axis, i.e., parallel to the light-transmitting surface. If the plane containing the optical element is not parallel to the light-transmitting surface, it is equivalent to the optical element being tilted relative to the ideal optical path. This will cause the light beam to be unable to pass through the optical element or the light beam that passes through the optical element to be distorted and have uneven energy distribution, thus destroying the conjugate imaging quality. By adjusting the parallelism of the two optical elements, the attitude foundation is laid for achieving high-precision image superposition. The beam splitter includes four light-transmitting surfaces around its perimeter and non-light-transmitting surfaces at both ends. Taking the double-slit assembly scenario in a coaxial spectral confocal system as an example, the two optical elements correspond to the two slits. The first light-transmitting surface corresponds to the first optical element. The light beam passes through the first optical element, the first light-transmitting surface, the beam-splitting surface of the beam splitter, and the dispersive lens to reach the surface of the object under test. After reflection, it passes through the dispersive lens, the beam-splitting surface of the beam splitter, and the second light-transmitting surface to reach the second optical element.

[0025] The light source is illuminated, emitting a uniform beam that strikes the first light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter. This beam covers and passes through the aperture of the first optical element, exiting from the side of the first light-transmitting surface. It is then reflected back to the beam-splitting surface of the beam splitter by a mirror, reaching the second optical element to form a light spot. An image sensor facing or to the side of the second light-transmitting surface captures this light spot image. The photosensitive surface of the image sensor is parallel to the second light-transmitting surface; the optical axis of the light source is aligned with the optical axis of the beam splitter, and the uniform beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source. Typically, the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is parallel to the second light-transmitting surface to ensure distortion-free light spot images, providing accurate raw data for subsequent image analysis. This also allows for pre-calibration of non-parallel image sensors to meet required accuracy. In this case, the light source is positioned to one side of the first light-transmitting surface, covering and passing through the aperture of the first optical element. This requires the beam emitted by the light source to pass through the entire area of ​​the aperture of the first optical element, ensuring that the final light spot effectively corresponds to the aperture of the first optical element. When observing the light spot, the light spot passing through the second optical element can be collected either from the side of the second light-transmitting surface or from the side of the second light-transmitting surface, using the beam-splitting surface of the beam-splitting prism as an intermediate medium to collect the light spot that does not pass through the second optical element. When the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range, the light spot forms a conjugate relationship with the through-hole of the first optical element. This achieves real-time precision detection, eliminating reliance on operator visual observation and providing accurate feedback signals for subsequent adjustments, which is the technical prerequisite for the entire automated precision adjustment process.

[0026] The first optical element is fixed as a reference component. The second optical element is adjusted and kept parallel to the second light-transmitting surface until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range. Corresponding through-holes are then formed according to the area where the light spot is located. Fixing can be achieved using any method such as bonding, clamping, magnetic attraction, or vacuum adsorption. After fixing the first optical element, only the second optical element needs to be adjusted, reducing the adjustment freedom from six degrees of freedom for two elements to six degrees of freedom for one element. This greatly simplifies the complexity and optimization difficulty of the adjustment model, improving the determinism and efficiency of the adjustment. Since the adjustment process maintains parallelism to the second light-transmitting surface, by analyzing the size of the light spot image—whether it's the length, width, or size at any position—as long as it meets the corresponding preset threshold range, the second optical element is considered to be in the expected position. At this point, only the area where the light spot is located needs to be processed to form corresponding through-holes to obtain through-holes for the second optical element that meet the conjugate requirements. The size of the light spot image directly reflects the imaging quality and alignment degree of the through-holes of the first optical element on the second optical element. Specific processing can employ any existing through-hole processing method, such as laser engraving, which will not be elaborated here. The position and orientation of the second optical element are precisely adjusted at the micron or even sub-micron level by a control system such as a six-axis controller to keep it parallel to the second light-transmitting surface. The ultimate goal of the adjustment is to make the size of the light spot image within a preset threshold range, that is, the distance between the first and second optical elements and the beam splitter is the same. At this point, the two optical elements are considered to be in ideal positions, and subsequent processing only requires completing the corresponding through-hole processing on the second optical element. The specific preset threshold range can be set according to the actual situation. According to geometric optics and aberration theory, when the two optical elements are in ideal positions in the conjugate optical path of the beam splitter, the light spot and the through-hole of the first optical element are completely consistent. Therefore, the precise installation of the second optical element carrier is achieved first, which is convenient and efficient. Subsequent processing only requires forming the corresponding through-hole to achieve high-precision conjugate alignment. Since the light spot itself is the precise projection of the through-hole of the first optical element in the conjugate position, the through-hole processed according to the light spot area naturally forms a precise conjugate with the first through-hole. Since the through-hole is processed "on demand" in an aligned state, the processing position is naturally aligned without additional adjustment, which significantly improves assembly accuracy and efficiency.

[0027] Through the above steps, this invention achieves the following effects: First, by fixing the first optical element in advance as a reference, only the six degrees of freedom of the second optical element need to be adjusted in the subsequent process, simplifying the complexity of the adjustment model. Second, by adjusting the second optical element to be processed, the ideal installation position can be quickly achieved, making the adjustment simpler and more convenient. At this point, only through-hole processing needs to be completed on the installed second optical element to realize the conjugate relationship between the through-holes of the first and second optical elements, further improving accuracy and reliability.

[0028] As shown above, the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is parallel to the second light-transmitting surface. However, whether the image sensor is specifically located on one side or the opposite side of the second light-transmitting surface needs to be confirmed based on the second optical element, as follows: When the second optical element is made of an opaque material, the image sensor faces the side of the second light-transmitting surface. When the second optical element is made of a light-transmitting material, the image sensor faces the second light-transmitting surface, and after processing, an opaque layer is coated on the surface of the second optical element closest to the beam splitter. The opaque material blocks the transmitted light, and the light spot can only form a reflected image on the surface of the second optical element, requiring the image sensor to capture the image from the side of the second light-transmitting surface. The light-transmitting material allows the light beam to pass through, allowing the image sensor to directly capture the transmitted light spot from the front. Coating with an opaque layer after processing ensures that the second optical element only allows light to pass through the aperture area in actual use, fulfilling its functional requirements as an aperture or slit.

[0029] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the calibration method of the image sensor includes: Before setting up the first and second optical elements, a calibration object is placed between the light source and the beam splitter, with the plane of the calibration object parallel to the first light-transmitting surface. The position of the calibration object is consistent with the position of the first optical element after it is fixed. The calibration object is a reference object with known feature points, which can be edge feature points of an opaque object or feature points of a transparent object. At this point, the calibration object is located between the light source and the beam splitter, and the parallel relationship between the calibration object and the beam splitter ensures that the imaging positions of each feature point on the two image sensors after beam splitting have a definite theoretical correspondence.

[0030] The light source is turned on, and the beam emitted by the light source passes sequentially through the calibration object and the beam splitter before finally entering the image sensor to obtain the image of the calibration object. The calibration object image obtained at this time contains all the feature point data in the image coordinate system, which still needs to be calibrated with the actual coordinates.

[0031] A mapping model of all feature points in the image coordinate system and the world coordinate system is established, and the corresponding mapping relationship is obtained by fitting. Since the calibration object is a reference object with known feature points, the corresponding mapping relationship can be obtained by fitting the data of all feature points in the image coordinate system and the world coordinate system.

[0032] When adjusting the second optical element, the light spot image is corrected based on the mapping relationship until the corrected light spot image size is within a preset threshold range. The essence of calibration is to establish a precise mapping relationship between image pixel coordinates and actual spatial coordinates using a calibration object of known size and location, thereby converting the pixel size in the image into the true physical size. The corrected light spot image size eliminates the influence of image sensor distortion and installation errors on measurement accuracy, making the measurement results of the light spot size truly reliable.

[0033] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, fixing the first optical element includes: bonding and fixing a pre-thickness glass pad to the first optical element and the first light-transmitting surface, respectively. In specific operation, a glass pad of customized thickness is used as a positioning aid to bond the first optical element to the conjugate position of the first light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter. By controlling the thickness of the glass pad, the initial distance between the first optical element and the surface of the beam splitter strictly conforms to the optical design dimensions; simultaneously, a height gauge can be used to check the flatness of the first optical element, ensuring that its parallelism deviation with the reference surface of the beam splitter is less than 10μm. The beam splitter assembly with the first optical element bonded is fixed on the air-bearing platform where the six-axis controller is located to ensure positional stability during subsequent adjustment. The optical adhesive has an optimal adhesive layer thickness range after curing (e.g., 30μm); too thin or too thick a layer will affect strength and stability, and direct application of adhesive cannot precisely control the gap. Custom-thickness glass spacers provide a precise and rigid physical gap with accurate thickness tolerances and flatness. This allows for standardized control of the spacing between optical components and prisms, replacing the vague method of manual adhesive application. The fixed thickness of the spacer enables precise pre-setting of the adhesive layer spacing while ensuring the flatness of the optical component assembly surface. By precisely controlling the gap between the bottom surface of the first optical component and the light-transmitting surface of the prism through the spacer, the thickness of the subsequent adhesive layer is equal to the spacer thickness. This achieves precise and quantitative control of the adhesive layer thickness, avoiding spacing deviations and uneven adhesive layer thickness caused by manual bonding, and improving the consistency and stability of the baseline assembly.

[0034] To ensure a reasonable spacing between the first optical element and the beam splitter, the process before fixing the first optical element includes: moving the optical element to be fixed along a direction perpendicular to the first or second light-transmitting surface until the width of the through-hole image of the optical element to be fixed falls within a preset width range; and selecting a glass spacer of appropriate thickness based on the spacing between the optical element to be fixed and the beam splitter. The width of the through-hole images of the two optical elements depends not only on the physical width of the optical elements themselves but also on their defocusing amount in the optical path. Only when the two optical elements are located near the optimal conjugate image plane will the image be the clearest, the width smallest, and equal to the theoretical value. By finding the "minimum width" position, the optimal focal plane position can be accurately located.

[0035] To ensure the parallelism of the two optical elements, adjustments are made to make the planes containing the first and second optical elements parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces, respectively. This includes: using a telecentric lens facing the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter to photograph the first and second optical elements, obtaining two different side-view images; adjusting the first and second optical elements respectively until the intersection lines of the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter with the first and second light-transmitting surfaces are parallel to the length direction of the corresponding side-view images of the first and second optical elements, respectively, and the width of the two side-view images is equal to the imaging width under the theoretical orientation; wherein the non-light-transmitting surface is simultaneously perpendicular to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces. The imaging width under the theoretical orientation is pre-calculated based on optical design parameters. The telecentric lens has the advantages of parallel light imaging and no perspective distortion, and can accurately capture the lateral attitude deviation of the optical elements; the lateral shooting angle can intuitively reflect the pitch and yaw angles of the optical elements, compensating for the deficiency of frontal imaging in identifying attitude tilt angles, and providing a basis for subsequent adjustments. This step accurately acquires the lateral attitude information of optical components without imaging distortion. It can efficiently identify minute tilt errors in optical components, providing precise image data for optical component plane parallelism calibration and improving attitude adjustment accuracy. When the planes containing the two optical components are completely parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces of the beam splitter, the length direction of the side view images of the two optical components will be parallel to the corresponding edge of the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter, and the imaging width of the two optical components will be consistent. If there is a tilt angle, the imaging will be tilted and the width will be widened. This can be used as a basis for accurate attitude calibration. This step decomposes the complex spatial parallelism adjustment into two intuitive image feature comparisons (parallel edges and equal width), making the adjustment process data-driven, enabling automated judgment and closed-loop control, and ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of parallelism adjustment.

[0036] To further address the curing misalignment issue during dispensing, after adjusting the second optical element and ensuring its parallelism with the second light-transmitting surface, the process includes: measuring the distance between the second optical element and the beam splitter; selecting a glass pad of appropriate thickness for dispensing the second optical element by subtracting the reserved adhesive layer thickness; adjusting the second optical element during the dispensing curing process until the spot image size is within a preset threshold range. After precise alignment, the remaining gap, corresponding to the reserved adhesive layer thickness, is observed through a side telecentric lens; dispensing is then performed only if the expected thickness is met. After bonding, the optical element's pose will slightly change due to the adhesive layer, requiring further fine-tuning until the spot image size is within the preset threshold range. This step resolves the contradiction between "precise alignment" and "adhesive layer thickness control." Through alignment, measurement, pad selection, and re-alignment, it ensures both the accuracy of the final conjugate state and precise control of the adhesive layer thickness within the design value, balancing optical performance and mechanical reliability. Secondary fine-tuning compensates for deformation errors, locking in a high-precision assembly state. During UV curing, the alignment status of the two optical elements is continuously observed. Once a slight offset is detected due to glue flow or curing shrinkage, it can be immediately compensated and corrected using a six-axis controller to ensure that the established high-precision conjugate relationship is not changed during the curing process.

[0037] As a specific application scenario of the present invention, the above-mentioned optical element is a slit, which effectively solves the assembly and adjustment problem of double slits in the coaxial spectral confocal system and improves the reliability and consistency of slit adjustment. Example 2

[0038] The present invention also provides an optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing, comprising: A first optical element with a through hole of arbitrary shape and a second optical element to be processed are set up, located at conjugate positions on both sides of the beam splitter, and adjusted so that the planes of the first and second optical elements are perpendicular to each other and both form a 45-degree angle with the plane of the beam splitter.

[0039] The light source is lit, causing it to emit a uniform beam of light that is directed toward one side of the flat beam splitter. The beam passes through the first optical element and exits from the other side of the flat beam splitter. It is then reflected back to the flat beam splitter by a mirror and reaches the second optical element to form a light spot. An image sensor facing either side of the flat beam splitter is used to capture the light spot, thus obtaining a light spot image.

[0040] The first optical element is fixed as a reference component, the second optical element is adjusted and kept perpendicular to the plane where the first optical element is located until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range, and corresponding through holes are formed according to the area where the light spot is located.

[0041] The reflector is parallel to the plane of the first optical element and is located on both sides of the flat beam splitter; the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is parallel to the plane of the second optical element; the optical axis of the light source is consistent with the optical axis of the flat beam splitter, and the uniform beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source.

[0042] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the beam splitter prism is replaced with a flat beam splitter. Although it is still a beam splitter, since the light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter prism is missing for parallel calibration, a new alignment method is adopted: "adjusting so that the planes containing the first and second optical elements are perpendicular to each other, and both form a 45-degree angle with the plane of the flat beam splitter." From a pose perspective, the plane of the flat beam splitter is equivalent to the beam-splitting surface of the beam splitter prism in Example 1; they are essentially the same and will not be described further here. Example 3

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, to achieve the above assembly method, the present invention also provides an optical element assembly device based on synchronous processing, which uses the above assembly method to assemble two flat optical elements respectively at the conjugate positions of the first light-transmitting surface 11 and the second light-transmitting surface 12 of a beam splitter 1. The beam splitter 1 is a cubic structure formed by cementing two right-angled triangular prisms. The first light-transmitting surface 11 and the second light-transmitting surface 12 are adjacent and located on both sides of the beam splitting surface 13 of the beam splitter 1. The assembly device includes: The reflector 5 is disposed on the opposite side of the first light-transmitting surface 11 and is parallel to the first light-transmitting surface 11; The light source 4 faces the first light-transmitting surface 11, so that the light source 4 emits a uniform light beam and directs it toward the first light-transmitting surface 11 of the beam splitter 1. The light beam covers and passes through the through hole of the first optical element 2, exits from the opposite side of the first light-transmitting surface 11, is reflected back to the beam splitting surface 13 of the beam splitter 1 by the reflector 5, and reaches the second optical element 3 to form a light spot. The optical axis of the light source 4 is consistent with the optical axis of the beam splitter 1, and the uniform light beam has the same illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source 4.

[0044] The image sensor 6 faces the second light-transmitting surface 12 or the side opposite to the second light-transmitting surface 12, and the photosensitive surface of the image sensor 6 is parallel to the second light-transmitting surface 12. It is used to collect the light spot and obtain a light spot image.

[0045] The adjustment mechanism includes a translation adjustment module and an angle adjustment module. The translation adjustment module is used to translate the second optical element 3 along the plane perpendicular to the plane where the second optical element 3 is located. The angle adjustment module is used to keep the plane where the second optical element 3 is located parallel to the second light-transmitting surface 12 until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range. The adjustment mechanism as a whole can be adjusted directly using a six-axis controller, or the translation adjustment module and the angle adjustment module can be selected separately. For example, the translation adjustment module can be a guide rail type translation adjustment mechanism such as a lead screw drive, piezoelectric ceramic drive, or motor drive. The angle adjustment module can achieve angle adjustment by driving the rotation of the drive shaft to drive the corresponding connecting parts.

[0046] The processing module is used to process and form corresponding through holes according to the area where the light spot is located. Specifically, it can be achieved by any of the existing technologies such as laser engraving.

[0047] The first optical element 2 has a through hole of arbitrary shape, the corresponding through hole of the second optical element 3 is to be processed, and the planes on which the first optical element 2 and the second optical element 3 are located are parallel to the first light-transmitting surface 11 and the second light-transmitting surface 12, respectively.

[0048] The specific operational details of this device can be found in the assembly method described above, and will not be repeated here. Example 4

[0049] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described assembly method.

[0050] In practical applications, a computer-readable storage medium can be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. A computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium can be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0051] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, capable of sending, propagating, or transmitting programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0052] Program code contained on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical fiber, RF, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0053] Computer program code for performing the operations of this application can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via an Internet service provider).

[0054] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," and "specific example" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0055] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. An optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing, characterized in that, include: A first optical element with a through hole of arbitrary shape and a second optical element to be processed are set up, respectively located at the conjugate position of the first and second light-transmitting surfaces of the beam splitter, and adjusted so that the planes of the first and second optical elements are parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces, respectively. The light source is lit, causing it to emit a uniform beam of light that is directed toward the first light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter. The beam of light covers and passes through the through-hole of the first optical element, exits from the side of the first light-transmitting surface, is reflected back to the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter by a reflector, reaches the second optical element to form a light spot, and is captured by an image sensor facing the second light-transmitting surface or the side of the second light-transmitting surface to obtain a light spot image. The first optical element is fixed as a reference component, the second optical element is adjusted and kept parallel to the second light-transmitting surface until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range, and corresponding through holes are formed according to the area where the light spot is located. The first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface are adjacent to each other and are located on both sides of the beam-splitting surface of the beam-splitting prism, respectively; the reflector is disposed on the side of the first light-transmitting surface and parallel to the first light-transmitting surface; the optical axis of the light source is consistent with the optical axis of the beam-splitting prism, and the uniform beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source.

2. The optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the second optical element is made of an opaque material, the image sensor faces the side of the second light-transmitting surface; When the second optical element is a light-transmitting material, the image sensor faces the second light-transmitting surface.

3. The optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration method for the image sensor includes: Before setting the first and second optical elements, place the calibration object between the light source and the beam splitter, so that the plane of the calibration object is parallel to the first light-transmitting surface. The light source is turned on, so that the beam emitted by the light source passes through the calibration object and the beam splitter in sequence before finally entering the image sensor to obtain the image of the calibration object; Establish a mapping model for all feature points in the image coordinate system and the world coordinate system, and fit the corresponding mapping relationship. When adjusting the second optical element, the spot image is corrected based on the mapping relationship until the size of the corrected spot image is within a preset threshold range; The location of the calibrator is consistent with the position of the first optical element after it is fixed.

4. The optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Fixing the first optical element includes: using a pre-made thickness of glass gasket to bond and fix the first optical element and the first light-transmitting surface respectively.

5. The optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The adjustment to make the planes containing the first and second optical elements parallel to the first and second light-transmitting surfaces, respectively, includes: By using a telecentric lens facing the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter, images of the first and second optical elements are captured, resulting in two different side view images. Adjust the first optical element and the second optical element respectively until the intersection line of the non-light-transmitting surface of the beam splitter and the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface is parallel to the length direction of the side view image corresponding to the first optical element and the second optical element respectively, and the width of the two side view images is equal to the imaging width under the theoretical posture. The non-light-transmitting surface is perpendicular to both the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface.

6. The optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, After adjusting the second optical element and keeping it parallel to the second light-transmitting surface, the process also includes: Measure the distance between the second optical element and the beam splitter, and select a glass gasket of the corresponding thickness and apply adhesive to the second optical element by subtracting the reserved adhesive layer thickness; Adjust the second optical element during the dispensing and curing process until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range.

7. The optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first optical element is a slit.

8. An optical element assembly method based on synchronous processing, characterized in that, include: A first optical element with a through hole of arbitrary shape and a second optical element to be processed are set up, located at the conjugate positions on both sides of the beam splitter, and adjusted so that the planes of the first optical element and the second optical element are perpendicular to each other and both form a 45-degree angle with the plane of the beam splitter. The light source is lit, causing it to emit a uniform beam of light that is directed toward one side of the flat beam splitter. The beam passes through the first optical element and exits from the other side of the flat beam splitter. It is reflected back to the flat beam splitter by a mirror and reaches the second optical element to form a light spot. An image sensor facing either side of the flat beam splitter is used to capture the light spot to obtain a light spot image. The first optical element is fixed as a reference component, the second optical element is adjusted and kept perpendicular to the plane of the first optical element until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range, and corresponding through holes are formed according to the area where the light spot is located. The reflector is parallel to the plane of the first optical element and is located on both sides of the flat beam splitter; the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is parallel to the plane of the second optical element; the optical axis of the light source is consistent with the optical axis of the flat beam splitter, and the uniform beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source.

9. An optical element assembly apparatus based on synchronous processing, comprising assembling using the assembly method described in any one of claims 1-7, for respectively positioning two flat optical elements at conjugate positions on the first and second light-transmitting surfaces of a beam splitter, wherein... The first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface are adjacent and located on opposite sides of the beam-splitting surface of the beam-splitting prism, characterized in that the assembly device includes: A reflector is positioned to the side of the first light-transmitting surface and parallel to the first light-transmitting surface; The light source faces the first light-transmitting surface, emitting a uniform light beam that strikes the first light-transmitting surface of the beam-splitting prism. The beam covers and passes through the through-hole of the first optical element, exits from the side of the first light-transmitting surface, is reflected back to the beam-splitting surface of the beam-splitting prism by a reflector, and reaches the second optical element to form a light spot. The optical axis of the light source is aligned with the optical axis of the beam-splitting prism, and the uniform light beam has consistent illuminance at any position on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source. An image sensor, facing the second light-transmitting surface or to the side of the second light-transmitting surface, is used to acquire the light spot and obtain a light spot image; The adjustment mechanism includes a translation adjustment module and an angle adjustment module. The translation adjustment module is used to translate the second optical element in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the second optical element is located. The angle adjustment module is used to keep the plane where the second optical element is located parallel to the second light-transmitting surface until the size of the light spot image is within a preset threshold range. The processing module is used to process corresponding through holes according to the area where the light spot is located; The first optical element has a through hole of arbitrary shape, the corresponding through hole of the second optical element is to be processed, and the planes on which the first optical element and the second optical element are located are parallel to the first light-transmitting surface and the second light-transmitting surface, respectively.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the assembly method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images