Design method of full-parameter controlled three-dimensional vectorial vortex beam

Abstract

The full parameter control three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method belongs to the field of micro-nano optics and structural light field regulation. The method of the present application is as follows: the continuous differential change of the generalized vortex phase distribution is coupled with the spatial multi-order diffraction design, the phase-space distribution parameter is jointly modulated through the vortex grating / waveband sheet structure; the Daman optimization is introduced to accurately control the multi-diffraction order energy distribution of the generalized vortex beam array; and then the vector Daman optimization is fused, the polarization information control parameter is independently introduced in each level of diffraction channel to realize the joint control of the full parameter optical information of the orbital angular momentum, the phase distribution, the beam profile, the three-dimensional space diffraction order and the polarization state. The present application can significantly improve the light field control degree of freedom and information utilization rate, break through the bottleneck of single generation parameter and limited intensity structure form of vortex beam, and is helpful to the orbital angular momentum multiplexing, large-capacity optical information transmission and storage, and multi-dimensional light field combination application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for designing a three-dimensional vector vortex beam with full parameter control, and more particularly to a method for designing a beam based on multi-dimensional optical field information jointly controlled by optical metasurfaces, belonging to the fields of vortex beams and micro-nano optics. Background Technology

[0002] A vortex beam is a special type of structured beam that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), and its main characteristics are expressed by its phase distribution. , Represents the topological charge number. The azimuth angle is indicated. The spiral phase wavefront, donut-shaped annular intensity distribution, and unique phase singularity constitute the most fundamental characteristics of a vortex beam. With the continuous development and application of its basic theory, vortex beams, due to their unique advantages, have gradually been applied to many research and production fields. For example, generalized vortex beams can fully utilize phase characteristic information through phase distribution design around the singularity; vortex arrays can arrange and unfold various beam information in space; and vector vortex beams can achieve joint control of beam phase and polarization information. Optical metasurfaces, as novel devices with multi-dimensional optical field information modulation, can achieve effective control of high-precision, high-accuracy, and high-complexity optical field information through micro-nano optical design.

[0003] Combining vortex beam design methods with multi-dimensional optical information control techniques can adapt to complex optical application scenarios. For example, in the field of optical communication, due to the orthogonal nature of orbital angular momentum and the theoretically infinite number of channels, applying vortex beams to information transmission can drastically expand the number of communication channels, theoretically reaching an infinite number. Combining vector control with generalized vortex beam design methods can further expand the information dimension and free space of optical communication. In the field of particle manipulation, the unique optical gradient force of vortex light can better achieve particle capture and improve the precision of particle manipulation. Combining vector control with spatial array design methods can achieve precise capture of complex-shaped micro- and nano-particle swarms. In addition, vortex beam design methods combined with full-parameter optical field information design methods can also play a role in imaging holography, information encryption, and quantum optics. This full-parameter optical field information design method includes multiple dimensions such as polarization, phase, orbital angular momentum, and three-dimensional spatial information, bringing great design freedom to the development of optical design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of low freedom of optical field control, insufficient information utilization, limited application range of vortex beams, single generation parameters, and lack of freedom in beam intensity structure in existing micro-nano optics technologies, this invention discloses a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method. The objectives are: 1. To design a generalized vortex beam with continuously differentially varying phase distribution characteristics and combine it with a spatial multi-order diffraction design method to achieve joint modulation of continuous phase control and spatial distribution parameters, resulting in a spatial generalized vortex beam array; 2. To combine the spatial generalized vortex beam array with the Damman optimization design method to achieve accurate control of the spatial multi-diffraction order distribution characteristics, resulting in a generalized vortex beam array with optimized spatial diffraction order energy; 3. To combine the optimized generalized vortex beam array with the vector Damman design method to manipulate the polarization information of the spatial diffraction order, achieving joint control of all-parameter optical information such as orbital angular momentum, phase distribution information, beam profile information, three-dimensional spatial diffraction order distribution information, and polarization information. This invention extends its application areas to include orbital angular momentum multiplexing, optical information transmission and storage, and multi-dimensional optical field combination.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0006] This invention discloses a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Design a generalized vortex beam with continuously differential phase distribution characteristics, and combine it with a spatial multi-order diffraction design method to achieve joint modulation of continuous phase control and spatial distribution parameters, thereby obtaining a spatial generalized vortex beam array.

[0008] Step 1.1: Design a generalized vortex beam with continuously differentially varying phase distribution characteristics and a custom beam profile. For the generalized vortex beam, the topological charge number L0 is used to describe the phase accumulation around the singularity, as shown in equation (1):

[0009] (1)

[0010] in, Indicates azimuth. Indicates phase distribution, This represents the local phase gradient at any azimuth angle. The complex amplitude characteristic of a generalized vortex beam in real space is... The radius profile of k-space Proportional to .

[0011] Step 1.2: Construct the corresponding expression for the spatial generalized vortex array distribution. By combining the generalized vortex beam with the spatial multi-order diffraction design method, a spatial generalized vortex beam array is constructed, as shown in formula (2):

[0012] (2)

[0013] in, Represents the imaginary unit. For global phase, Representation space Three-dimensional diffraction order in the direction, This represents the intensity distribution of each diffraction order in the plane. It represents the intensity distribution of various diffraction orders at multiple depths in space. express The period of the Damman grating in the direction. Indicates wave number, The wavelength of light in a vacuum. This indicates the focal length of the Damienband belt plate. These are polar coordinates along the radial direction. Representation space Phase distribution in the direction.

[0014] Through reasonable design , , and Four phases are available, enabling the realization of phase information for different diffraction orders according to... Regular variations control the beam characteristics of each diffraction order and the beam profile radius at different azimuth angles. Proportional to This generates a generalized vortex beam array with varying three-dimensional diffraction orders. Combined with the external Fourier lens used in practice, the values ​​for each observation are calculated using the Gaussian formula. The focal length position of the plane is: , is the focal length of the Fourier lens.

[0015] Step 2: Combine the spatial generalized vortex beam array obtained in Step 1 with the Daman optimization design method to achieve accurate control of the spatial multi-diffraction order distribution characteristics, and obtain the spatial diffraction order energy optimized generalized vortex beam array.

[0016] Step 2.1: Damman Grating Optimization Method. By optimizing the phase distribution within the Damman grating period, an ideal distribution of target energy in the two-dimensional spatial diffraction order is achieved. Damman grating period. , , This represents the size of a pixel unit. This represents the number of pixels within one grating period. The pixel unit optimized by the Damman grating is: The optimization objective is ,in , Each represents a design The diffraction order in the direction is determined. In the design, the target diffraction order has the highest and equal intensity, while the intensities of other diffraction orders are zero. Gradient descent is used to obtain the optimized phase distribution of the periodic cells of the Damman grating, which is then filled into a vortex Damman grating to obtain the overall phase distribution.

[0017] Step 2.2: Damman Zone Plate Optimization Method. By optimizing the phase distribution within the period of the Damman zone plate, an ideal distribution of target energy in the diffraction order along the spatial propagation direction is achieved. Damman zone plate period. The pixel unit optimized for Damian zone plates is: The optimization objective is ,in Design The diffraction orders in the direction are considered. In the design, the target diffraction order intensities are maximized and equal, while the intensities of other diffraction orders are zero. Gradient descent is used to obtain the optimized phase distribution of the periodic units of the Daman zone plate, which is then filled into the vortex Daman zone plate to obtain the overall phase distribution.

[0018] Step 3: Combine the optimized generalized vortex beam array obtained in Step 2 with the vector Damman design method to manipulate the polarization information of the spatial diffraction order and achieve joint control of all-parameter optical information.

[0019] Step 3.1: Vector Damman Optimization Method. The generalized vortex beam array optimized by the diffraction order sub-energy obtained in Step 2 is combined with the vector Damman design method, as shown in formula (3): [Formula omitted for brevity] and That is, the horizontal and vertical linear polarization basis vectors are independently controlled to manipulate polarization information.

[0020] (3)

[0021] The design method of vector three-dimensional vortex array is basically the same as that of formula (2), the difference being that and The parameters were replaced with polarization modulation parameters that have vector characteristics. as well as Corresponding to and The modulation information of the polarization channel needs to be adjusted during the optimization process, specifically the complex amplitude parameter. , , , Amplitude characteristics , , , and relative phase relationship , To achieve accurate control. , for and Polarization channel corresponding The phase of the diffraction order.

[0022] Depend on and Six special polarization properties can be constructed. (Horizontal polarization direction) (Vertical polarization direction) (Main diagonal polarization direction) (Second diagonal polarization direction) (Left-handed circular polarization direction) The vector diffraction order corresponding to (right-hand circular polarization direction). Further, six different light intensity optimization targets are defined, namely... , , , , and . Indicates inclusion , Vector information of the output light field of all diffraction orders in the polarization channel. , Can be accurately defined , The amplitude characteristics of the diffraction order in the polarization channel , . , , and Can be accurately defined , The phase difference of the diffraction order in the polarization channel is , , They are respectively , Phase of the diffraction order in the polarization channel. Horizontal and vertical polarization components modulated by the metasurface. , Corresponding pure phase modulation information , As two fundamental variables jointly optimized, the emitted light field The light intensity of six typical polarization states is used as the optimization constraint. A vector multi-order diffraction optimization method is established, employing gradient descent optimization techniques to accurately construct the target diffraction order vector information. The optimization method for vector Damman zone plates is similar. and Vector information of the target diffraction order in the z-direction, constrained by the common phase optimization of polarization components.

[0023] Step 3.2: Joint Control of Full-Parameter Optical Information. Based on the above steps, the design of a three-dimensional vector vortex beam is realized, which can be controlled... , , and To achieve accurate description of the phase information and beam profile of each diffraction order in space, i.e., phase information. beam profile By designing the plane The diffraction order distribution in both the direction of spatial diffraction and the spatial propagation direction can be jointly controlled using the Damman optimization method, enabling the control of both spatial diffraction order and beam information parameters. Furthermore, the vector Damman optimization method can achieve full parameter control of spatial diffraction order, vector information, and beam information.

[0024] This invention discloses a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method, including steps one to three of the fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method, and also includes step four: for the practical application of the fully parameter-controlled vector vortex beam design method, based on the vortex array design method designed in steps one, two, and three, a vortex array metasurface is prepared, thereby solving the engineering and technical problems related to the practical application of multi-parameter controlled vortex beams.

[0025] The practical applications of the generalized vortex beam described in step four include microparticle optical manipulation, optical encryption, optical communication, structured beam design, and micro / nano optical surface element design.

[0026] In practical applications of particle optical manipulation, vortex beams possess unique optical gradient forces that enable better particle capture and improve the precision of particle manipulation. Fully parametric vortex beam arrays can control the distribution of optical gradient forces through customized beam profile design and multi-dimensional optical information characteristics, achieving more accurate and flexible control.

[0027] In practical applications of optical encryption and optical communication, the orbital angular momentum of vortex beams provides numerous orthogonal parallel paths for information storage and encryption. However, the number of usable communication paths for traditional vortex beams is limited by physical constraints such as beam radius and topological charge number, preventing the achievement of truly unlimited orthogonal paths. Fully parameterized vector vortex beams, on the other hand, enable infinite path design and spin-orbit angular momentum multiplexing control within a finite number of topological charges, significantly increasing the information capacity of vortex beams in orbital communication.

[0028] In practical applications of structured beams, the deformation manipulation of traditional vortex beams is limited by the design of their geometric shapes. Fully parametric vector vortex beams, on the other hand, can create structured beams of arbitrary patterns and shapes, expanding the flexibility of multi-parameter free control and overcoming the limitation of structured beam design being restricted by geometric shapes.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. In the basic definition formula of vortex beams in existing technologies, the topological charge number, as a characteristic expression describing the cumulative phase gradient around the optical singularity, is the only controllable parameter of the vortex beam. This invention discloses a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method that combines a generalized vortex beam design method with continuously differentially varying phase distribution characteristics with a spatial multi-order diffraction design method. This achieves joint modulation of continuous phase control and spatial distribution parameters, increasing the degrees of freedom in vortex beam design and thus enhancing the means of vortex beam control.

[0031] 2. This invention discloses a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method, which combines a spatial generalized vortex beam array design method with Daman optimization to achieve accurate control of the spatial multi-diffraction order distribution characteristics. It combines the design freedom of arbitrary-shaped vortex beams with the spatial three-dimensional diffraction order distribution freedom, expanding the information capacity of vortex beam design.

[0032] 3. The present invention discloses a three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method with full parameter control, which combines the spatial generalized vortex beam array design method with vector Damman optimization to achieve accurate control of the polarization information of spatial multi-diffraction order distribution characteristics. The vector Damman optimization method introduces polarization information control parameters based on the vector Damman optimization method, which can realize the joint control of full parameter optical information such as orbital angular momentum, phase distribution information, beam profile information, three-dimensional spatial diffraction order distribution information, and polarization information, providing an implementation method for the design of more complex beam information.

[0033] 4. The present invention discloses a three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method with full parameter control. In traditional vortex beam design, the number of available orthogonal channels is limited within a certain topological load range. Based on the beneficial effect 1 of increasing the means of vortex beam control and the beneficial effect 3 of providing freedom of implementation method for designing more complex beam information, it can realize the freedom of infinite channel design within a limited topological load range, and significantly enhance the optical information carrying capacity of the vortex beam.

[0034] 5. The present invention discloses a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method, which is aimed at the practical application of vortex beam array design. According to steps one, two and three in the invention, a vector vortex metasurface is designed and prepared, thereby solving related engineering problems in the fields of particle light manipulation, optical encryption, optical communication, structured beam design, and micro-nano optical surface element design. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the fabrication process of the fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the basic design principle of the spatial generalized vortex beam array combined with Damman optimization in the three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method of the present invention with full parameter control; Figure a shows the phase period arrangement law in the X, Y, and Z directions; Figure b is a flowchart of Damman grating optimization and Damman zone plate optimization; Figure c is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of the Damman vortex array and the energy distribution of the target diffraction order; Figure d is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of the Damman vortex zone plate and the energy distribution of the target diffraction order.

[0037] Figure 3 This invention presents a schematic diagram and experimental results of a fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method. Figure a shows an example of a spatial multi-depth generalized vortex beam pattern array design. Figure b shows the distribution characteristics of typical phase information differential curves. Figure c shows the experimental optical path, where AP1 and AP2 are apertures, LP1, LP2, and LP3 are polarizers, QWP1 and QWP2 are two quarter-wave plates, F1 and F2 are lenses, Sample is a metasurface sample, Objective is a microscope objective, and CCD is a camera. Figure d shows a scanning electron microscope image of the geometric phase metasurface sample. Figure e shows the experimental results at three observation depths.

[0038] Figure 4 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vector Damman optimization design case of the fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flowchart of vector Damman optimization; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of spatial multi-diffraction order vector distribution; Figure 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a resonant phase metasurface sample.

[0039] Figure 5 This is an experimental result diagram of the three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method of the present invention, which uses full parameter control. H, D, V, A, R, and L represent the six typical polarization states observed, including transverse polarization, polarization along the main diagonal, longitudinal polarization, polarization along the sub-diagonal, right-hand circular polarization, and left-hand circular polarization. Z1, Z2, and Z3 represent the three spatial depths. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The method of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] As attached Figure 2 As shown in Figure 3, the fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method disclosed in this embodiment modulates the phase of the emitted beam under 800nm ​​wavelength light illumination. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0043] Step 1: Design a generalized vortex beam with continuously differential phase distribution characteristics, and combine it with the spatial multi-order diffraction design method to achieve joint modulation of continuous phase control and spatial distribution parameters, thereby obtaining a spatial generalized vortex beam array. Based on the metasurface transmittance function formula (2), design the phase arrangement characteristics and optimization flowchart of the generalized vortex beams with different spatial arrangements corresponding to 27 spatially arranged patterns for a spatial 3×3×3 diffraction order, as shown in the following flowchart. Figure 2 As shown. The beam profile curve function corresponding to the diffraction orders (0, 1, 1) is: The (0,0,0) diffraction corresponds to the basic circular vortex beam profile distribution, with a topological charge number of 80, i.e. The definition method for the phase of the remaining diffraction orders is provided by , and Confirmed, defined here. ,in Therefore, the profiles of each diffraction order sub-beam can be represented as... ,in Proportional to The beam profiles and experimental results for each diffraction order are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0044] Step Two: Combine the spatial generalized vortex beam array obtained in Step One with the Damman optimization design method to achieve accurate control of the spatial multi-diffraction order distribution characteristics, resulting in a generalized vortex beam array with optimized spatial diffraction order energy. The Damman optimization design method includes Damman grating optimization and Damman zone plate optimization: The Damman grating optimization method controls the amplitude or phase information of pixel units within the grating period to achieve a uniform energy distribution and maximum energy for the target diffraction orders, while the energy of other diffraction orders is zero. The Damman zone plate optimization method optimizes a certain number of pixel information within a unit pixel period to form a phase characteristic distribution pattern. This pattern is then filled into the phase distribution interval of the vortex zone plate, thus obtaining the energy distribution of N diffraction orders with a specific arrangement in space along the propagation direction, while the energy distribution of other diffraction orders is zero.

[0045] In this embodiment, the pixel size is selected as p=400nm, and the number of pixels in the damman grating optimization period is: 8. The optimization objective is 3×3, including diffraction orders in the x-direction (-1, 0, 1) and y-direction (-1, 0, 1). The optimization objective for the Dammein zone plate is in the z-direction (-1, 0, 1). The optimization flowchart and optimization results are as follows. Figure 2 As shown.

[0046] Step 3: Combine the optimized generalized vortex beam array obtained in Step 2 with the vector Damman design method to manipulate the polarization information of the spatial diffraction order, thereby achieving joint control of all-parameter optical information. The vector Damman optimization method, based on the vector Damman optimization method, introduces polarization information control parameters, enabling joint control of all-parameter optical information such as orbital angular momentum, phase distribution information, beam profile information, three-dimensional spatial diffraction order distribution information, and polarization information. The optimization flowchart is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in (a). In the embodiment, the spatial distribution of each diffraction order is selected as follows: Figure 4 As shown in (b). The experimental results are as follows. Figure 5 As shown.

[0047] The above detailed description further illustrates the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing three-dimensional vector vortex beams with full parameter control, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, Step 1: Design a generalized vortex beam with continuously differential phase distribution characteristics, and combine it with a spatial multi-order diffraction design method to achieve joint modulation of continuous phase control and spatial distribution parameters, thereby obtaining a spatial generalized vortex beam array. Step 2: Combine the spatial generalized vortex beam array obtained in Step 1 with the Daman optimization design method to achieve accurate control of the spatial multi-diffraction order distribution characteristics, and obtain the spatial diffraction order energy optimized generalized vortex beam array. Step 3: Combine the optimized generalized vortex beam array obtained in Step 2 with the vector Damman design method to manipulate the polarization information of the spatial diffraction order and achieve joint control of all-parameter optical information.

2. The method for designing a three-dimensional vector vortex beam with full parameter control as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step four, which is aimed at the practical application of the full-parameter control vector vortex beam design method. Based on the vortex array design method designed in steps one, two and three, a vortex array metasurface is prepared to solve the relevant engineering and technical problems of the practical application of multi-parameter control vortex beam. The practical applications of the generalized vortex beam described in step four include microparticle optical manipulation, optical encryption, optical communication, structured beam design, and micro / nano optical surface element design.

3. The fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step one, Design a generalized vortex beam with continuously differential phase distribution characteristics and custom beam profile characteristics. For a generalized vortex beam, the topological charge number Used to describe the phase accumulation around the singularity, as in formula (1): （1） in, Indicates azimuth. Indicates phase distribution, The local phase gradient at any azimuth angle is represented; the complex amplitude characteristic of the generalized vortex beam in real space is... The radius profile of k-space Proportional to ; By combining the generalized vortex beam with the spatial multi-order diffraction design method, a spatial generalized vortex beam array is constructed, as shown in formula (2): （2） in, Represents the imaginary unit. For global phase, Representation space Three-dimensional diffraction order in the direction, Represents the Fourier series of each diffraction order in the plane. Represents the Fourier series of various diffraction orders at multiple depths in space; express The period of the Damman grating in the direction; Indicates wave number, The wavelength of light in a vacuum. This indicates the focal length of the Damienband belt plate. These are polar coordinates along the radial direction; Representation space Phase distribution in the direction; Through design , , and Four phases are used to realize phase information of different diffraction orders according to Regular variations control the beam characteristics of each diffraction order and the beam profile radius at different azimuth angles. Proportional to This generates a generalized vortex beam array with varying three-dimensional diffraction orders; combined with the external Fourier lens actually used, the Gaussian formula is used to calculate the values ​​of each observation. The focal length position of the plane is: , is the focal length of the Fourier lens.

4. The fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step two, By combining the spatial generalized vortex beam array obtained in step one with the Daman optimization design method, a spatial generalized vortex beam array with a specific diffraction order energy distribution can be realized. By optimizing the phase distribution within the period of the Damman grating, an ideal distribution of target energy in the two-dimensional diffraction order in space is achieved; Damman grating period , , This represents the size of a pixel unit. This represents the number of pixels within one grating period; the pixel unit optimized by the Damman grating is: The optimization objective is ,in , Representing the design The diffraction order in the direction; in the design, the target diffraction order intensity is the largest and equal, and the intensity of the other diffraction orders is zero; the phase distribution of the optimized Damman grating periodic unit is obtained by using gradient descent, and then filled into the vortex Damman grating to obtain the overall phase distribution.

5. The fully parameter-controlled three-dimensional vector vortex beam design method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step two, By optimizing the phase distribution within the Damman zone plate period, an ideal distribution of target energy in the diffraction order along the spatial propagation direction is achieved; Damman zone plate period The pixel unit optimized for Damian zone plates is: The optimization objective is ,in Design The diffraction order in the direction; in the design, the target diffraction order intensity is the largest and equal, and the intensity of the other diffraction orders is zero; the gradient descent method is used to obtain the phase distribution of the optimized Damman zone plate periodic unit, and it is filled into the vortex Damman zone plate to obtain the overall phase distribution.

6. The method for designing a three-dimensional vector vortex beam with full parameter control as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the generalized vortex beam array optimized by the diffraction order sub-energy obtained in step two is combined with the vector Damman design method, as shown in formula (3): For and That is, the horizontal and vertical linear polarization basis vectors are provided with independent control to realize the manipulation of polarization information; （3） The design method of vector three-dimensional vortex array is basically the same as that of formula (2), the difference being that and The parameters were replaced with polarization modulation parameters that have vector characteristics. as well as Corresponding to and The modulation information of the polarization channel needs to be adjusted during the optimization process, specifically the complex amplitude parameter. , , , Amplitude characteristics , , , and relative phase relationship , To achieve accurate control. , for and Polarization channel corresponding The phase of the diffraction order.

7. The method for designing a three-dimensional vector vortex beam with full parameter control as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In step three, by and Constructing six special polarization properties The direction of horizontal polarization. The direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction. The main diagonal polarization direction. The polarization direction is the sub-diagonal line. It is a left-handed circularly polarized direction. This represents the vector diffraction order corresponding to the right-hand circular polarization direction; further, six different light intensity optimization targets are defined, namely... , , , , and Indicates inclusion , Vector information of the output light field of all diffraction orders in the polarization channel; , Can be accurately defined , The amplitude characteristics of the diffraction order in the polarization channel , , , and Can be accurately defined , The phase difference of the diffraction order in the polarization channel is , , They are respectively , Phase of diffraction orders in polarization channels; horizontal and vertical polarization components modulated by metasurface. , Corresponding pure phase modulation information , As two fundamental variables jointly optimized, the emitted light field The light intensity of six typical polarization states is used as the optimization constraint target; a vector multi-order diffraction optimization method is established, and gradient descent optimization is adopted to accurately construct the target diffraction order vector information; The optimization methods for vector Damian zone plates are also similar; , Vector information of the target diffraction order in the z-direction, constrained by the common phase optimization of polarization components.

8. The method for designing a three-dimensional vector vortex beam with full parameter control as described in claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, By controlling , , and To achieve accurate description of the phase information and beam profile of each diffraction order in space, i.e., phase information. beam profile ; through designing a plane The distribution of diffraction orders in both the direction of spatial propagation and the spatial propagation direction is controlled by the Damman optimization method to achieve joint control of spatial diffraction orders and beam information parameters; the vector Damman optimization method is used to achieve joint control of all parameters of spatial diffraction orders, vector information, and beam information.

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