Optical communication system and control method, control device therefor

Abstract

The application discloses an optical communication system and a control method and device thereof, and relates to the technical field of thin-film lithium niobate optical switch control. The optical communication system comprises a thin-film lithium niobate optical switch, a temperature control module and a bias voltage control module. The control method triggers a PID controller to adjust the temperature and bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch by acquiring an initial deviation. When entering a working stage, the final control parameters of the PID controller are set as the second initial control parameters of a fuzzy PID controller and a transition weight, the fuzzy PID controller is triggered to correct the control parameters of the PID controller to adjust the temperature and bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switches so that the real-time deviation is within a preset deviation range. The application can solve the problems of slow convergence, large steady-state fluctuation and non-smooth switching of the existing insertion loss control, and improve the start response speed and steady-state insertion loss stability of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thin-film lithium niobate optical switch control technology, and in particular to an optical communication system and its control method and control device. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-film lithium niobate optical switches, with their high bandwidth, low half-wave voltage, and excellent electro-optical characteristics, have become core components in high-end optical communication systems. The stability of their insertion loss directly affects optical signal transmission efficiency and system reliability. In practical applications, insertion loss is easily affected by temperature drift and bias voltage offset, and existing control schemes are insufficient in addressing this issue.

[0003] First, existing single-algorithm control struggles to balance response speed and steady-state accuracy. While proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control offers a fast response and can quickly approach the minimum insertion loss, it suffers from poor adaptability to the nonlinear characteristics and time-varying disturbances of thin-film lithium niobate photoswitches. In steady-state operation, excessive insertion loss fluctuations are easily caused by real-time strict control. On the other hand, while fuzzy PID control is robust and exhibits low steady-state fluctuations, its computational complexity is high, and its convergence speed is slow during startup, making it difficult to quickly reduce insertion loss to the target range.

[0004] Secondly, existing hybrid control schemes lack targeted phased strategies, mostly relying on manual switching or switching based on interference intensity. They fail to design adaptive algorithms that take into account the differences in characteristics between the startup and normal operation phases of thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switches. The startup phase typically requires rapid exit from large deviation ranges, while the normal operation phase needs to suppress minor fluctuations. Existing schemes fail to accurately match the core requirements of these two phases, resulting in poor control performance.

[0005] Furthermore, the switching process of existing algorithms lacks smoothness. Although some schemes involve switching between two algorithms, they do not design a parameter transition mechanism. During the switch, control signals are prone to abrupt changes, which can cause sudden changes in insertion loss and violate the core objective of insertion loss stability.

[0006] Furthermore, existing dual-parameter adjustment methods cannot adapt to stage changes and ignore the strong coupling effect of temperature on bias voltage. The weights of temperature and bias voltage on insertion loss change with the operating stage. During startup, the larger temperature deviation results in a higher temperature weight, while in the steady-state stage, voltage drift is more significant. More importantly, the half-wave voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch has a significant temperature dependence. Temperature fluctuations directly cause half-wave voltage bias point drift. When the drift exceeds the linear operating region, the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch will fail to conduct normally, causing signal interruption. This makes temperature control not only a means to optimize insertion loss but also a prerequisite for ensuring the basic function of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch. However, existing solutions mostly use fixed weight adjustment, which neither considers the strong coupling effect between temperature and bias voltage nor can adapt to changes in control priority at different stages. This exacerbates the contradiction between rapid convergence and low steady-state fluctuations, and may even lead to the failure of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch due to temperature runaway.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an insertion loss control scheme that can accurately match the operating characteristics of thin-film lithium niobate optical switches, resolve the contradiction between rapid start-up convergence and low steady-state fluctuations, and achieve smooth switching, in order to fill the gap in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The main objective of this invention is to propose an optical communication system and its control method and device, aiming to solve the problems of slow convergence, large steady-state fluctuations and unsmooth switching in existing insertion loss control, and to improve the start-up response speed and steady-state insertion loss stability of thin-film lithium niobate optical switches.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a control method for an optical communication system, wherein the optical communication system includes a thin-film lithium niobate optical switch, a temperature control module, and a bias voltage control module, and the control method includes: Obtain the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate opto-switch, and calculate the initial deviation between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss; If the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the startup phase based on the initial deviation, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first adjustment mode. In the first adjustment mode, based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the real-time deviation after adjustment is obtained. When it is determined that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the working stage based on the real-time deviation, the final control parameter of the PID controller is set as the second initial control parameter of the fuzzy PID controller, and the starting weight in the preset allocation rule is transitioned to the steady-state weight. The fuzzy PID controller is triggered to enter the second adjustment mode; In the second adjustment mode, the fuzzy PID controller acquires the real-time deviation and the real-time deviation change rate; Based on the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation, the control parameters of the PID controller are corrected using the final control parameters as the starting point for iteration. Based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weight, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, so that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range.

[0010] In one embodiment, obtaining the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch includes: The input optical power, output optical power, and target insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch were obtained. The initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch is determined based on the input optical power, output optical power, and the logarithmic conversion formula of optical power.

[0011] In one embodiment, the logarithmic conversion formula for optical power is: ; in, The initial insertion loss, The input optical power, The output optical power; The formula relating the initial insertion loss, the target insertion loss, and the initial deviation is: ; Where e is the initial deviation. The target insertion loss is denoted as .

[0012] In one embodiment, determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the startup phase based on the initial deviation includes: If the initial deviation is determined to be greater than a preset deviation threshold, the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the startup phase. And / or, determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the operating phase based on the real-time deviation includes: If the real-time deviation is determined to be no greater than a preset deviation threshold and the duration of the deviation reaches a preset startup duration, the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the working stage.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first initial control parameter includes an initial proportional coefficient, an initial integral coefficient, and an initial derivative coefficient, and the corrected control parameter includes a corrected proportional coefficient, a corrected integral coefficient, and a corrected derivative coefficient. The preset allocation rules include a total control quantity formula, a temperature allocation formula, a bias voltage allocation formula, a start-up weight, and a steady-state weight. The start-up weight includes a start-up temperature weight and a start-up bias voltage weight, and the steady-state weight includes a steady-state temperature weight and a steady-state bias voltage weight. The step of controlling the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and controlling the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the initial deviation, the initial deviation change rate, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules includes: The first total control quantity is determined based on the initial deviation, initial deviation change rate, initial proportional coefficient, initial integral coefficient, initial derivative coefficient, and total control quantity formula. Based on the aforementioned start-up temperature weight, start-up bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula, the first total control quantity is allocated into a first temperature control quantity and a first bias voltage control quantity. According to the first temperature control value, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and according to the first bias voltage control value, the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. The step of controlling the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and controlling the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weight, so that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range, includes: The second total control quantity is determined based on the real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, correction proportional coefficient, correction integral coefficient, correction derivative coefficient, and total control quantity formula. Based on the steady-state temperature weight, steady-state bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula, the second total control quantity is allocated as the second temperature control quantity and the second bias voltage control quantity. According to the second temperature control value, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and according to the second bias voltage control value, the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, so that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range.

[0014] In one embodiment, the formula for the total control quantity is: ; in, It is either the first total control value or the second total control value. This refers to either the initial scaling factor or the modified scaling factor. The initial integration coefficient or the corrected integration coefficient. Let e ​​be the initial differential coefficient or the corrected differential coefficient, and let e be the initial deviation or the real-time deviation. The initial deviation change rate or the real-time deviation change rate; The temperature distribution formula is as follows: ; in, It is either the first temperature control value or the second temperature control value. The starting temperature weight or the steady-state temperature weight; The bias voltage distribution formula is as follows: ; in, It is either the first bias voltage control value or the second bias voltage control value. The starting bias voltage weight or the steady-state bias voltage weight.

[0015] In one embodiment, the control method further includes: During the working phase, if it is determined that the real-time deviation is greater than a third preset deviation threshold, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first adjustment mode. In the first adjustment mode, based on the real-time deviation, the real-time deviation change rate, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the adjusted real-time deviation is obtained. If the real-time deviation after adjustment is determined to be within the preset difference range, the fuzzy PID controller is triggered to enter the second adjustment mode.

[0016] The present invention also proposes a control device for an optical communication system, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores a control program for the optical communication system. When the control program for the optical communication system is executed by the processor, the control method for the optical communication system described above is implemented.

[0017] The present invention also proposes an optical communication system, comprising: Thin-film lithium niobate optical switch; An optical power monitoring module is coupled to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch and is used to collect the input optical power and output optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch. A temperature control module, electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch, is used to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch; A bias voltage control module, electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch, is used to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch; The control device of the optical communication system described above is electrically connected to the optical power monitoring module, the temperature control module, and the bias voltage control module, respectively.

[0018] In one embodiment, the optical power monitoring module includes: A first optical power detector, the detection end of which is coupled to the input end of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch, is used to collect the input optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch; The second optical power detector has its detection end coupled to the output end of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and is used to collect the output optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. A first signal conditioning unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first optical power detector, and the output terminal of which is connected to the control device, is used to perform logarithmic amplification and filtering on the input optical power and then output it to the control device. The second signal conditioning unit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the second optical power detector and its output terminal connected to the control device. It is used to perform logarithmic amplification and filtering on the output optical power and then output it to the control device. And / or, the temperature control module includes: A temperature sensor, electrically connected to the control device, is used to detect the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and feed it back to the control device. A thermoelectric cooler module is used to regulate the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. The first driving module is electrically connected to the control device and the thermoelectric cooler module respectively, and is used to drive the thermoelectric cooler module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the temperature control quantity output by the control device; And / or, the bias voltage control module includes: The second driving module is used to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch; The digital-to-analog converter module is electrically connected to the control device and the second drive module, respectively, and is used to convert the digital bias voltage control quantity output by the control device into an analog voltage signal and output it to the second drive module, so that the second drive module adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the analog voltage signal.

[0019] In this invention, the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is obtained, and the initial deviation between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss is calculated. When the initial deviation indicates that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the startup phase, the PID controller is triggered to enter a first adjustment mode. In this first adjustment mode, based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller, and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. This allows the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch to quickly respond to the initial deviation during the startup phase using the first adjustment mode of the PID controller, thus shortening the convergence time and causing the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch to quickly move away from the large deviation range. This mitigates the risk of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch failing to conduct normally due to half-wave voltage bias point drift caused by temperature fluctuations, maintaining the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch's... The lithium niobate photoswitch performs basic conduction functions and simultaneously acquires the adjusted real-time deviation to determine whether the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch meets the conditions for switching from the startup stage to the working stage. If the real-time deviation indicates the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the working stage, the final control parameters of the PID controller are set as the second initial control parameters of the fuzzy PID controller, and the startup weights in the preset allocation rules are transitioned to steady-state weights. This triggers the fuzzy PID controller to enter the second adjustment mode. In the second adjustment mode, the fuzzy PID controller acquires the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation. Using the final control parameters as the iteration starting point, the control parameters of the PID controller are corrected. Based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, rate of change of the real-time deviation, and steady-state weights, the temperature control module adjusts the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, ensuring the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range. This configuration allows the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch to smoothly transition from the startup phase to the operating phase through parameter inheritance and weighting, reducing control signal jumps. Simultaneously, the second adjustment mode, based on steady-state weighting, specifically adjusts the temperature and bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch. This adapts to the changes in control priority of temperature and bias voltage during different operating phases, suppressing the strong coupling effect between temperature and bias voltage on the insertion loss stability of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch. This helps alleviate the contradiction between rapid convergence during startup and low steady-state fluctuations during operating phases, thereby improving the insertion loss stability of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch and the system reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 5 ; Figure 6 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 6 ; Figure 7 The flowchart of the control method for the optical communication system of the present invention is as follows. Figure 7 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit functional modules of the control device of the optical communication system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit functional modules of the optical communication system of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit functional modules of the optical communication system of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0022] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Optical communication system; 10. Thin-film lithium niobate optical switch; 20. Optical power monitoring module; 21. First optical power detector; 22. Second optical power detector; 23. First signal conditioning unit; 231. First amplifier; 232. First low-pass filter; 24. Second signal conditioning unit; 241. Second amplifier; 242. First low-pass filter; 30. Temperature control module; 31. Temperature sensor; 32. Thermoelectric cooler module; 33. First drive module; 40. Bias voltage control module; 41. Second drive module; 42. Digital-to-analog converter module; 50. Control device; 51. Processor; 52. Memory.

[0023] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Thin-film lithium niobate optical switches, with their high bandwidth, low half-wave voltage, and excellent electro-optical characteristics, have become core components in high-end optical communication systems. The stability of their insertion loss directly affects optical signal transmission efficiency and system reliability. In practical applications, insertion loss is easily affected by temperature drift and bias voltage offset, and existing control schemes are insufficient in addressing this issue.

[0026] First, existing single-algorithm control struggles to balance response speed and steady-state accuracy. While proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control offers a fast response and can quickly approach the minimum insertion loss, it suffers from poor adaptability to the nonlinear characteristics and time-varying disturbances of thin-film lithium niobate photoswitches. In steady-state operation, excessive insertion loss fluctuations are easily caused by real-time strict control. On the other hand, while fuzzy PID control is robust and exhibits low steady-state fluctuations, its computational complexity is high, and its convergence speed is slow during startup, making it difficult to quickly reduce insertion loss to the target range.

[0027] Secondly, existing hybrid control schemes lack targeted phased strategies, mostly relying on manual switching or switching based on interference intensity. They fail to design adaptive algorithms that take into account the differences in characteristics between the startup and normal operation phases of thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switches. The startup phase typically requires rapid exit from large deviation ranges, while the normal operation phase needs to suppress minor fluctuations. Existing schemes fail to accurately match the core requirements of these two phases, resulting in poor control performance.

[0028] Furthermore, the switching process of existing algorithms lacks smoothness. Although some schemes involve switching between two algorithms, they do not design a parameter transition mechanism. During the switch, control signals are prone to abrupt changes, which can cause sudden changes in insertion loss and violate the core objective of insertion loss stability.

[0029] Furthermore, existing dual-parameter adjustment methods cannot adapt to stage changes and ignore the strong coupling effect of temperature on bias voltage. The weights of temperature and bias voltage on insertion loss change with the operating stage. During startup, the larger temperature deviation results in a higher temperature weight, while in the steady-state stage, voltage drift is more significant. More importantly, the half-wave voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch has a significant temperature dependence. Temperature fluctuations directly cause half-wave voltage bias point drift. When the drift exceeds the linear operating region, the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch will fail to conduct normally, causing signal interruption. This makes temperature control not only a means to optimize insertion loss but also a prerequisite for ensuring the basic function of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch. However, existing solutions mostly use fixed weight adjustment, which neither considers the strong coupling effect between temperature and bias voltage nor can adapt to changes in control priority at different stages. This exacerbates the contradiction between rapid convergence and low steady-state fluctuations, and may even lead to the failure of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch due to temperature runaway.

[0030] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an insertion loss control scheme that can accurately match the operating characteristics of thin-film lithium niobate optical switches, resolve the contradiction between rapid start-up convergence and low steady-state fluctuations, and achieve smooth switching, in order to fill the gap in existing technologies.

[0031] This invention proposes a control method for an optical communication system 100.

[0032] like Figure 9 As shown, the optical communication system 100 includes a thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, a temperature control module 30, and a bias voltage control module 40. The thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 may include an optical switch, an optical modulator, or an optical attenuator. The optical device of this invention is a thin-film lithium niobate optical switch. As mentioned earlier, thin-film lithium niobate optical switches possess excellent electro-optical characteristics such as high bandwidth and low half-wave voltage; however, their insertion loss is highly susceptible to fluctuations caused by ambient temperature drift and bias voltage offset, thus affecting optical signal transmission efficiency. The temperature control module 30 is electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and mainly uses an actuator such as a thermoelectric cooler module 32 or a heater to change the physical temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to compensate for optical performance drift caused by thermal effects. The bias voltage control module 40 is electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. It mainly applies DC voltage to the electrodes of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 through a high-precision digital-to-analog converter to maintain the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 at the optimal linear operating point and suppress the insertion loss change caused by voltage drift.

[0033] Based on the above hardware structure, such as Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the control method of the optical communication system includes: S100. Obtain the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate opto-switch and calculate the initial deviation between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss. S200: When the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the startup stage based on the initial deviation, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first regulation mode. S300 In the first adjustment mode, based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the real-time deviation after adjustment is obtained. S400. When it is determined that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the working stage based on the real-time deviation, the final control parameter of the PID controller is set to the second initial control parameter of the fuzzy PID controller, and the starting weight in the preset allocation rule is transitioned to the steady-state weight. S500 triggers the fuzzy PID controller to enter the second regulation mode; S600, in the second adjustment mode, the fuzzy PID controller obtains the real-time deviation and the real-time deviation change rate; S700. Based on the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation, the control parameters of the PID controller are modified with the final control parameters as the starting point of the iteration. S800: Based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weight, the temperature control module adjusts the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch to keep the real-time deviation within the preset difference range.

[0034] In this embodiment, the optical communication system 100 acquires the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and calculates the initial deviation between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss. The initial insertion loss is the measured optical power loss value initially acquired during the startup phase and used to trigger the PID controller. It is the starting point of the startup control process and reflects the degree to which the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 deviates from its ideal operating state at power-on. The target insertion loss is a pre-set expected optical power loss threshold. This target insertion loss can be determined based on the factory test data of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, with a typical value not exceeding 2dB, and is used to measure whether the performance of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 meets the standards.

[0035] When the optical communication system 100 determines that the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is in the startup phase based on the initial deviation, it triggers the PID controller to enter the first adjustment mode. This mode involves rapidly coarsely adjusting the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to quickly reduce the initial deviation and move it out of the large deviation range. The PID controller is implemented using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. PID controllers are characterized by simple algorithm structure, low computational load, and fast dynamic response. They are suitable for handling large initial deviations during startup, utilizing the rapid error correction capability of the proportional element and the steady-state error elimination capability of the integral element to quickly output a large control quantity, enabling the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 100 to rapidly approach the target insertion loss. In the first adjustment mode, the optical communication system 100 generates a first temperature adjustment command and outputs it to the temperature control module 30 based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller, and the preset allocation rules. This command controls the temperature control module 30 to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The system also generates a first bias voltage adjustment command and outputs it to the bias voltage control module 40 to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. This allows the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to rapidly decrease to near the target insertion loss level within a first preset adjustment period. Specifically, the preset allocation rules assign a higher start-up weight to temperature adjustment during the startup phase to prioritize overcoming larger temperature deviations, while correspondingly reducing the weight of bias voltage adjustment to avoid introducing additional disturbances due to excessive voltage adjustment before the temperature stabilizes. This ensures that control resources during the startup phase are focused on the primary issue. The first preset adjustment time is 5 seconds. This time setting fully considers the thermal response time constant of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 and the dynamic convergence characteristics of the proportional-integral-derivative controller. It allows the temperature control module 30 enough time to complete the initial thermal equilibrium to eliminate most of the temperature deviation, while avoiding delays in entering the working stage due to excessive adjustment time, thus helping to achieve the goal of rapid convergence in the start-up stage.

[0036] The optical communication system 100 acquires the real-time insertion loss of the adjusted thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and calculates the real-time deviation between the real-time insertion loss and the target insertion loss. Based on the real-time deviation, the optical communication system 100 determines that the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 100 is in the working phase. It then sets the final control parameters of the PID controller to the second initial control parameters of the fuzzy PID controller. This avoids severe fluctuations in the first temperature regulation command and the first bias voltage regulation command output by the PID controller due to parameter resets or sudden changes during the switching between the PID controller and the fuzzy PID controller. This maintains the continuity and stability of the control action on the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40, and transitions the startup weights in the preset allocation rules to steady-state weights. This adapts to the more significant voltage drift impact during the working phase, because during the working phase, the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 has stabilized, and the small drift in the bias voltage becomes the main cause of insertion loss fluctuations. Increasing the voltage regulation weight helps improve the steady-state accuracy of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The switching process between the startup phase and the working phase continues for a preset switching duration. The preset switching duration is 100ms. This setting updates the first temperature adjustment command of the temperature control module 30 and the first bias voltage adjustment command of the bias voltage control module 40 through a linear transition method. Under the premise of avoiding abrupt changes in the above commands, it ensures that the insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 is not abrupt, thereby realizing a smooth transition from rapid convergence in the startup stage to steady-state fine adjustment in the working stage.

[0037] After the switching is complete, the optical communication system 100 triggers the fuzzy PID controller to enter the second adjustment mode, that is, it calls the fuzzy PID controller to perform steady-state fine-tuning of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to effectively suppress small fluctuations and maintain long-term stability. The fuzzy PID controller is implemented using a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (FID) controller. The fuzzy FID controller combines the nonlinear mapping capability of fuzzy inference with the accuracy of proportional-integral-derivative (FID) control, and can adaptively adjust the control strategy according to the error state, effectively dealing with the nonlinear characteristics of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 during the working stage and external time-varying disturbances, thereby enhancing robustness and reducing steady-state fluctuations. In the second adjustment mode, the optical communication system 100 acquires the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 at preset sampling intervals, calculates the real-time deviation between the real-time insertion loss and the target insertion loss, and calculates the real-time deviation change rate based on the derivative of the real-time deviation and the preset sampling interval, providing accurate and real-time input variables for fuzzy inference to evaluate the current dynamic trend of the optical communication system 100. The preset sampling duration is 20ms. This duration setting can capture the insertion loss change trend of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 in a timely manner, while avoiding excessive sensitivity to noise due to excessively high sampling frequency, which could lead to frequent malfunctions of the fuzzy PID controller. This is beneficial for maintaining the stability of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 during operation. The optical communication system 100 corrects the control parameters of the PID controller based on the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation, using the final control parameters as the starting point for iteration. This allows the fuzzy PID controller to further optimize the control output based on the adjustment results of the first adjustment mode, thereby significantly improving the steady-state control accuracy while maintaining the continuity of response. This enables the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to smoothly transition to the vicinity of the target insertion loss and remain stable. The optical communication system 100 generates a second temperature adjustment command based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weights, and outputs it to the temperature control module 30 to control the temperature control module 30 to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. It also generates a second bias voltage adjustment command and outputs it to the bias voltage control module 40 to control the bias voltage control module 40 to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, ensuring that the real-time deviation remains within a preset difference range within a second preset adjustment duration. The second preset adjustment duration is 10ms. This duration limits the maximum duration of a single adjustment action, preventing overshoot in the temperature or bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 due to excessively long adjustment actions. This helps the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 quickly and smoothly converge the real-time deviation to the preset difference range in the second adjustment mode, further improving the dynamic quality and steady-state accuracy of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0038] In the technical solution of this invention, by obtaining the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 and calculating the initial deviation between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss, and determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 is in the startup stage based on the initial deviation, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first adjustment mode. In the first adjustment mode, based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller, and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module 30 is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10, and the bias voltage control module 40 is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10. This allows the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 to quickly respond to the initial deviation during the startup stage using the first adjustment mode of the PID controller to shorten the convergence time, and to cause the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 to quickly move away from the large deviation range. This mitigates the risk that the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 may fail to conduct normally due to the drift of the half-wave voltage bias point caused by temperature fluctuations, and maintains... The thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 performs its basic conduction function and simultaneously acquires the adjusted real-time deviation to determine whether the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 meets the conditions for switching from the start-up stage to the working stage. When the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 is determined to be in the working stage based on the real-time deviation, the final control parameters of the PID controller are set as the second initial control parameters of the fuzzy PID controller, and the start-up weights in the preset allocation rules are transitioned to steady-state weights. The fuzzy PID controller is then triggered to enter the second adjustment mode. In the second adjustment mode, the fuzzy PID controller acquires the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation. The control parameters of the PID controller are corrected using the final control parameters as the iteration starting point. Based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, rate of change of the real-time deviation, and steady-state weights, the temperature control module 30 is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10, and the bias voltage control module 40 is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10, so that the real-time deviation is within the preset difference range. This configuration allows the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to smoothly transition from the startup phase to the operating phase through parameter inheritance and weighting, reducing control signal jumps. Simultaneously, the second adjustment mode, based on steady-state weighting, specifically adjusts the temperature and bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. This adapts to the changes in control priority of the temperature and bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 at different operating phases, suppressing the strong coupling effect between temperature and bias voltage on the insertion loss stability of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. This helps alleviate the contradiction between rapid convergence during startup and low steady-state fluctuations during operating phases, thereby improving the insertion loss stability of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and the system reliability.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, step S100, obtaining the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch includes: S110. Obtain the input optical power, output optical power, and target insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch; S120. Determine the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch based on the input optical power, output optical power, and the logarithmic conversion formula of optical power.

[0040] In this embodiment, the optical communication system 100 first acquires the input optical power, output optical power, and target insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The input optical power is the power value of the optical signal entering the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, the output optical power is the power value of the optical signal output after transmission through the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, and the target insertion loss is a pre-set desired optical power loss threshold. Subsequently, the optical communication system 100 determines the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 based on the input optical power, output optical power, and the logarithmic conversion formula for optical power. That is, the logarithmic conversion formula for optical power is used to convert the ratio of input optical power to output optical power into a loss value expressed in decibels. This calculation process accurately reflects the degree of attenuation of the optical signal by the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 in the current state, thereby determining the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. This configuration enables the optical communication system 100 to accurately calculate the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 based on the actual measured input and output optical power. This provides an accurate basis for deviation calculation to determine whether the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is in the startup phase and to trigger the PID controller to enter the first adjustment mode. This, in turn, helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0041] In one embodiment, the logarithmic transformation formula for optical power is: ; in, For the initial insertion loss, For input optical power, For output optical power; The formulas relating initial insertion loss, target insertion loss, and initial deviation are as follows: ; Where e is the initial deviation. The target is the insertion loss.

[0042] In this embodiment, the logarithmic conversion formula for optical power determines the initial insertion loss by calculating the logarithm of the ratio of input optical power to output optical power. This formula converts the linear optical power ratio into a decibel value that conforms to the common standards in the field of optical communication, thereby accurately quantifying the attenuation degree of the optical signal by the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The formulas relating the initial insertion loss, target insertion loss, and initial deviation determine the initial deviation by calculating the difference between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss. This initial deviation directly reflects the degree to which the actual loss state of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 deviates from the ideal target state at the moment of startup.

[0043] The target insertion loss can be set according to the specific model and application scenario of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. For example, the target insertion loss can be set to 1 dB, which represents the expected optical power loss level of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 under ideal operating conditions. By substituting the actually calculated initial insertion loss and the preset target insertion loss into the formula between the initial insertion loss, the target insertion loss, and the initial deviation, the optical communication system 100 can accurately obtain the specific value of the initial deviation. Then, based on the magnitude of the initial deviation, it can accurately determine whether the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is in the startup stage and establish a clear control input for the PID controller to enter the first adjustment mode, which helps to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, step S200, determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the startup phase based on the initial deviation, includes: S210. If the initial deviation is determined to be greater than the preset deviation threshold, the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the start-up stage.

[0045] In this embodiment, the startup phase is the period from the power-on of the optical communication system 100 to the convergence of the initial deviation to below the preset deviation threshold. The core objective of this phase is to rapidly converge the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to a level close to the target insertion loss. The target insertion loss can be set to 1 dB, and the preset deviation threshold can be set to 0.3 dB. When the initial deviation is greater than the preset deviation threshold, it indicates that the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 during the startup phase is greater than 1.3 dB. At this point, the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 deviates significantly from its ideal operating state, requiring adjustment using a control strategy with a fast response speed. By determining that the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is in the startup phase when the initial deviation is greater than the preset deviation threshold, the optical communication system 100 can accurately identify the current operating state of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, thereby triggering the PID controller to enter the first adjustment mode in a timely manner to quickly coarsely adjust the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. This helps to shorten the time for the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to transition from a large deviation state to a steady state, and improves the efficiency and stability of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0046] like Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, step S400, determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the working stage based on the real-time deviation, includes: S410. If the real-time deviation is determined to be no greater than the preset deviation threshold and the duration reaches the preset start-up duration, the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the working stage.

[0047] In this embodiment, the working phase is the phase following the start-up phase. The core objective of this phase is to suppress minor fluctuations and maintain stable insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The target insertion loss can be set to 1 dB, and the preset deviation threshold can be set to 0.3 dB. When the real-time deviation is not greater than the preset deviation threshold, it indicates that the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 in the working phase is not greater than 1.3 dB, meaning the insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 has converged to a reasonable range close to the target insertion loss. At this point, the main challenge shifts from rapid adjustment of large deviations to fine suppression of minor disturbances. The preset start-up duration can be set to 500 ms. This duration is used to confirm that the state of maintaining the real-time deviation within the preset deviation threshold is continuous rather than instantaneous, avoiding misjudgment of the optical communication system 100 entering the working phase due to measurement noise or brief interference. This ensures that the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is indeed in a relatively stable operating state when switching to the second adjustment mode. By determining that the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is in the working stage when the real-time deviation is not greater than the preset deviation threshold and the duration reaches the preset start-up duration, the optical communication system 100 can accurately distinguish the boundary between the start-up stage and the working stage, and then trigger the fuzzy PID controller to enter the second adjustment mode for steady-state fine adjustment in a timely manner, which helps to improve the stability and reliability of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0048] The first initial control parameters include the initial proportional coefficient, the initial integral coefficient, and the initial derivative coefficient; the corrected control parameters include the corrected proportional coefficient, the corrected integral coefficient, and the corrected derivative coefficient. The preset allocation rules include the total control quantity formula, temperature allocation formula, bias voltage allocation formula, start-up weight and steady-state weight. The start-up weight includes the start-up temperature weight and the start-up bias voltage weight, and the steady-state weight includes the steady-state temperature weight and the steady-state bias voltage weight. like Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, step S300, controlling the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and controlling the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the initial deviation, the initial deviation change rate, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, includes: S310. Determine the first total control quantity based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the initial proportional coefficient, the initial integral coefficient, the initial derivative coefficient, and the total control quantity formula. S320. Based on the starting temperature weight, starting bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula, the first total control quantity is allocated into a first temperature control quantity and a first bias voltage control quantity. S330. Based on the first temperature control quantity, control the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and based on the first bias voltage control quantity, control the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch.

[0049] In this embodiment, the PID controller uses the initial proportional coefficient, initial integral coefficient, and initial derivative coefficient to calculate the initial deviation and the rate of change of the initial deviation, and combines this with the total control quantity formula to calculate the first total control quantity reflecting the intensity of the current adjustment demand. Subsequently, based on the starting temperature weight and the starting bias voltage weight, and in conjunction with the temperature allocation formula and the bias voltage allocation formula, the first total control quantity is decoupled into a first temperature control quantity and a first bias voltage control quantity. This allocation process reflects the different contribution ratios of temperature and bias voltage to insertion loss regulation during the starting phase. Finally, the temperature control module 30 adjusts the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the first temperature control quantity, while the bias voltage control module 40 adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the first bias voltage control quantity, so that the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40 can work together to facilitate the insertion loss convergence process of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10. This configuration enables the PID controller to rationally coordinate the adjustment intensity of the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40 according to the magnitude and trend of the initial deviation during the startup phase through preset allocation rules. This utilizes the fast response speed of the bias voltage to accelerate initial convergence and leverages the wide temperature adjustment range to cover large deviation conditions, thereby improving the efficiency and smoothness of the transition of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 from the startup phase to the working phase.

[0050] like Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, in step S800, the temperature control module adjusts the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weight, and the bias voltage control module adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch to ensure that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range, including: S810. Determine the second total control quantity based on the real-time deviation, the real-time deviation change rate, the correction proportional coefficient, the correction integral coefficient, the correction derivative coefficient, and the total control quantity formula. S820. Based on the steady-state temperature weight, steady-state bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula, the second total control quantity is allocated as the second temperature control quantity and the second bias voltage control quantity. S830. According to the second temperature control quantity, control the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and according to the second bias voltage control quantity, control the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, so that the real-time deviation is within the preset difference range.

[0051] In this embodiment, the real-time deviation and the rate of change of real-time deviation are calculated using the corrected proportional coefficient, corrected integral coefficient, and corrected derivative coefficient. Combined with the total control quantity formula, a second total control quantity reflecting the current steady-state adjustment requirements is calculated. This second total control quantity embodies the comprehensive adjustment intensity required to maintain the insertion loss stability of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 during the operating phase. Subsequently, based on the steady-state temperature weight and steady-state bias voltage weight, and in conjunction with the temperature allocation formula and bias voltage allocation formula, the second total control quantity is decoupled into a second temperature control quantity and a second bias voltage control quantity. This allocation process reflects the different weights of temperature and bias voltage in suppressing minor fluctuations and maintaining insertion loss stability during the operating phase. Finally, the temperature control module 30 adjusts the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the second temperature control quantity, while the bias voltage control module 40 adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the second bias voltage control quantity. This allows the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40 to work synergistically on the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10, causing the real-time deviation to converge and remain within a preset difference range. This configuration allows the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40 to be reasonably coordinated according to the magnitude and trend of the real-time deviation during the working phase through preset allocation rules. This not only utilizes the corrected control parameters to meet the needs of steady-state fine adjustment, but also leverages the advantages of temperature and bias voltage under steady-state weights to suppress minor disturbances, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0052] In one embodiment, the formula for the total control quantity is: ; in, This is either the first total control variable or the second total control variable. This refers to the initial scaling factor or the corrected scaling factor. These are the initial integration coefficients or the corrected integration coefficients. Here, e represents the initial differential coefficient or the corrected differential coefficient, and e represents the initial deviation or the real-time deviation. This refers to the initial deviation change rate or the real-time deviation change rate. The temperature distribution formula is: ; in, It can be either the first temperature control variable or the second temperature control variable. To enable temperature weighting or steady-state temperature weighting; The bias voltage distribution formula is: ; in, This is either the first bias voltage control value or the second bias voltage control value. To enable bias voltage weighting or steady-state bias voltage weighting.

[0053] In this embodiment, before entering the startup phase, the preset temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 can be set to 25°C, the preset bias voltage can be set to 1.6V, the preset deviation range can be set to not less than -0.5dB and not more than 0.5dB, and the preset deviation change rate can be set to not less than -0.05dB / s and not more than 0.05dB / s. During the startup phase, the initial proportional coefficient can be 3.0, the initial integral coefficient can be 0.2, the initial derivative coefficient can be 0.1, the startup temperature weight can be 0.6, and the startup bias voltage weight can be 0.4. This parameter configuration indicates that during the startup phase, the temperature control module 30 prioritizes adjusting the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. After the optical communication system 100 is powered on, if the initial deviation is determined to be greater than the preset deviation threshold, the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is determined to be in the startup phase, triggering the PID controller to enter the first adjustment mode. In the first regulation mode, the first total control quantity is determined based on the initial deviation, the initial deviation change rate, the initial proportional coefficient, the initial integral coefficient, the initial derivative coefficient, and the total control quantity formula. The first total control quantity is then allocated into a first temperature control quantity and a first bias voltage control quantity based on the starting temperature weight, the starting bias voltage weight, the temperature allocation formula, and the bias voltage allocation formula. When the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 and the preset temperature is greater than the preset temperature deviation threshold, where the preset temperature deviation threshold can be set to 1℃, for example, when the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 and the preset temperature is 3℃, the temperature control module 30 performs coarse adjustment of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 in 0.5A steps. At this time, the current adjustment amplitude corresponding to the first temperature control quantity is large to quickly reduce the temperature deviation, while the voltage adjustment amplitude corresponding to the first bias voltage control quantity is small to help stabilize the insertion loss. When the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 and the preset temperature is not greater than the preset temperature deviation threshold, for example, when the temperature deviation between the real-time temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 and the preset temperature is 0.8℃, the temperature control module 30 performs fine adjustment of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 in 0.1A steps. At this time, the current adjustment amplitude corresponding to the first temperature control quantity is reduced to avoid temperature overshoot, while the voltage adjustment amplitude corresponding to the first bias voltage control quantity is adjusted accordingly to cooperate with the temperature control module 30 to maintain stable insertion loss. After the first preset adjustment period of 5 seconds, the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 stabilizes to the target insertion loss of 1 dB and the absolute value of the real-time deviation change rate is 0.02 dB / s, and continues for a preset start-up period of 500 ms, at which point the start-up phase ends.

[0054] Subsequently, the optical communication system 100 extracts the final control parameters of the PID controller as the initial control parameters of the fuzzy PID controller, where the final proportional coefficient is 2.8, the final integral coefficient is 0.18, and the final derivative coefficient is 0.12. Simultaneously, the starting temperature weight (0.6) is adjusted to a steady-state temperature weight (0.3), and the starting bias voltage weight (0.4) is adjusted to a steady-state bias voltage weight (0.7). The weights are linearly transitioned within a preset switching duration of 100ms, maintaining the insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 at the target insertion loss of 1dB without significant fluctuations. When the real-time deviation is determined to be no greater than a preset deviation threshold and the duration reaches the preset starting duration of 500ms, the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is determined to be in the working stage, triggering the fuzzy PID controller to enter the second adjustment mode. In the second adjustment mode, the second total control quantity is determined based on the real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, correction proportional coefficient, correction integral coefficient, correction derivative coefficient, and the total control quantity formula. The second total control quantity is then allocated as the second temperature control quantity and the second bias voltage control quantity based on the steady-state temperature weight, steady-state bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula. When ambient temperature fluctuations cause the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 to rise to 1 dB, the real-time deviation to rise to 0.03 dB, and the real-time deviation change rate to be 0.01 dB / s, the correction proportional coefficient is reduced to -0.1, the correction integral coefficient to 0, and the correction derivative coefficient to +0.02. The bias voltage output by the bias voltage control module 40 is increased by 0.08 V relative to the current bias voltage, causing the insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch 10 to recover to the target insertion loss of 1 dB within the second preset adjustment period of 10 ms.

[0055] The above parameter configuration and adjustment process demonstrates the specific application of the total control quantity formula, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula at different stages. During the startup phase, by setting larger initial proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients, coupled with a higher startup temperature weight and a lower startup bias voltage weight, the first total control quantity is primarily allocated to the temperature control module 30. This leverages the wide temperature adjustment range to quickly eliminate large deviations in the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10. Simultaneously, the bias voltage control module 40 performs fine-tuning to accelerate convergence. During the operating phase, by using the final proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients as the initial control parameters for the fuzzy PID controller, and reducing the steady-state temperature weight while increasing the steady-state bias voltage weight, the allocation of the second total control quantity is more heavily weighted towards the bias voltage control module 40. This utilizes the fast response speed of the bias voltage to suppress minor disturbances caused by ambient temperature fluctuations, while retaining the basic adjustment capability of the temperature control module 30 to maintain long-term stability. The linear transition within the preset switching time avoids the impact of sudden weight changes on the insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The dynamic output of the corrected proportional coefficient, corrected integral coefficient and corrected derivative coefficient further enhances the adaptability of the fuzzy PID controller to real-time deviation changes during the working stage, thereby improving the smoothness of the transition of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 from the start-up stage to the working stage and the reliability of the insertion loss control during the working stage.

[0056] The corrected proportional coefficient, corrected integral coefficient, and corrected derivative coefficient are determined using a fuzzy PID control algorithm, specifically including: The real-time deviation e and the real-time deviation change rate ec are used as input variables, and the PID proportional coefficient correction amount ΔKp, PID integral coefficient correction amount ΔKi, and PID derivative coefficient correction amount ΔKd are used as output variables. The real-time deviation *e* is the difference between the actual insertion loss and the target insertion loss, expressed in dB, and its universe of discourse is […]. 0.6, 0.6]; The real-time deviation change rate ec is the rate of change of the real-time deviation over time, in dB / s, and its universe of discourse is [ 0.1, 0.1]; The universe of discourse for the PID proportional coefficient correction ΔKp is [ 0.5, 0.5]; The universe of discourse for the PID integral coefficient correction ΔKi is [ [0.1, 0.1]; The universe of discourse for the PID differential coefficient correction ΔKd is [ 0.05, 0.05]; The fuzzy subsets of both input and output variables are divided into five levels: NB (negative large), NS (negative small), ZO (zero), PS (positive small), and PB (positive large). Both input and output variables use triangular membership functions, and the vertex coordinates of the membership functions for each variable are distributed as follows: The vertex coordinates of the membership function of the real-time deviation e are: NB corresponds to ( 0.6, 1), ( 0.4, 0), ( 0.2, 0); NS corresponds to ( 0.4, 0), ( 0.2, 1), (0, 0); ZO corresponds to ( 0.2, 0), (0, 1), (0.2, 0); PS corresponds to (0, 0), (0.2, 1), (0.4, 0); PB corresponds to (0.2, 0), (0.4, 1), (0.6, 1); The vertex coordinates of the membership function of the real-time deviation change rate ec are: NB corresponds to ( 0.1, 1), ( 0.06, 0), ( 0.02, 0); NS corresponds to ( 0.06, 0), ( 0.02, 1), (0, 0); ZO corresponds to ( 0.02, 0), (0, 1), (0.02, 0); PS corresponds to (0, 0), (0.02, 1), (0.06, 0); PB corresponds to (0.02, 0), (0.06, 1), (0.1, 1); The vertex coordinates of the membership function of the PID proportional coefficient correction ΔKp are: NB corresponds to ( 0.5, 1), ( 0.3, 0), ( 0.1, 0); NS corresponds to ( 0.3, 0), ( 0.1, 1), (0, 0); ZO corresponds to ( 0.1, 0), (0, 1), (0.1, 0); PS corresponds to (0, 0), (0.1, 1), (0.3, 0); PB corresponds to (0.1, 0), (0.3, 1), (0.5, 1); The vertex coordinates of the membership function of the PID integral coefficient correction ΔKi are: NB corresponds to ( 0.1, 1), ( 0.06, 0), ( 0.02, 0); NS corresponds to ( 0.06, 0), ( 0.02, 1), (0, 0); ZO corresponds to ( 0.02, 0), (0, 1), (0.02, 0); PS corresponds to (0, 0), (0.02, 1), (0.06, 0); PB corresponds to (0.02, 0), (0.06, 1), (0.1, 1); The vertex coordinates of the membership function of the PID differential coefficient correction ΔKd are: NB corresponds to ( 0.05, 1), ( 0.03, 0), ( 0.01, 0); NS corresponds to ( 0.03, 0), ( 0.01, 1), (0, 0); ZO corresponds to ( 0.01, 0), (0, 1), (0.01, 0); PS corresponds to (0, 0), 0.01, 1), (0.03, 0); PB corresponds to (0.01, 0), (0.03, 1), (0.05, 1); Based on a preset 5×5 fuzzy rule table, fuzzy inference is performed on the input variables to obtain the fuzzy quantities of the output variables. The fuzzy rule table is as follows: The fuzzy rule table for the PID proportional coefficient correction ΔKp is as follows: When e is NB, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKp is PB, PB, PS, PS, ZO in sequence; When e is NS, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKp is PB, PS, ZO, NS, NS in sequence; When e is ZO, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKp is PS, ZO, ZO, ZO, PS in sequence. When e is PS, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKp is NS, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence; When e is PB, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKp is ZO, PS, PS, PB, PB in sequence; The fuzzy rule table for the PID integral coefficient correction ΔKi is as follows: When e is NB, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKi is PB, PS, ZO, NS, NB in ​​sequence; When e is NS, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKi is PS, ZO, ZO, ZO, NS in sequence. When e is ZO, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKi is ZO, ZO, ZO, ZO, ZO in sequence. When e is PS, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKi is NS, ZO, ZO, ZO, PS in sequence; When e is PB, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKi is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence. The fuzzy rule table for the PID differential coefficient correction ΔKd is as follows: When e is NB, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKd is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence. When e is NS, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKd is NS, ZO, PS, ZO, PS in sequence; When e is ZO, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKd is ZO, PS, PB, PS, ZO in sequence. When e is PS, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKd is PS, ZO, PS, ZO, NS in sequence. When e is PB, ec is NB, NS, ZO, PS, PB in sequence, and the corresponding ΔKd is PB, PS, ZO, NS, NB in ​​sequence. Fuzzy inference is performed by matching the fuzzy rule table with the principle of taking the smaller and larger values, and the centroid method is used to clarify the fuzzy values ​​of the output variables to obtain the accurate ΔKp, ΔKi and ΔKd. The corrected proportional coefficient Kp′=Kp0+ΔKp, the corrected integral coefficient Ki′=Ki0+ΔKi, and the corrected differential coefficient Kd′=Kd0+ΔKd, where Kp0, Ki0, and Kd0 are the initial proportional coefficient, initial integral coefficient, and initial differential coefficient, respectively.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the control method further includes: S900: During the working phase, if the real-time deviation is determined to be greater than the third preset deviation threshold, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first adjustment mode. S1000 In the first adjustment mode, based on the real-time deviation, the real-time deviation change rate, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the adjusted real-time deviation is obtained. S1100: When it is determined that the real-time deviation after adjustment is within the preset difference range, the fuzzy PID controller is triggered to enter the second adjustment mode.

[0058] In this embodiment, if a sudden interference occurs during the operation phase, causing the real-time temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to rise sharply by 5°C relative to its steady-state operating temperature, it may cause the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 to suddenly increase to 2.2dB. At this time, the absolute value of the real-time deviation is greater than the third preset deviation threshold of 0.5dB, and the optical communication system 100 triggers the PID controller to re-enter the first adjustment mode. In the first adjustment mode, the PID controller uses the first initial control parameters and preset allocation rules to quickly respond to the large real-time deviation. Through the coordinated adjustment of the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40, the real-time insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 is restored to the target insertion loss of 1dB within the third preset time period of 15s. After determining that the adjusted real-time deviation is within the preset difference range, the fuzzy PID controller is triggered again to enter the second adjustment mode to maintain steady-state control.

[0059] The process of switching from the second adjustment mode back to the first adjustment mode and then back to the second adjustment mode demonstrates the adaptive handling capability of the control method for abnormal operating conditions during the working phase. When the real-time deviation exceeds the third preset deviation threshold, it indicates that the current disturbance amplitude has exceeded the conventional adjustment capability range of the fuzzy PID controller based on the corrected proportional coefficient, corrected integral coefficient, and corrected derivative coefficient. At this time, the system temporarily switches back to the PID controller, utilizing the larger initial proportional coefficient, initial integral coefficient, and initial derivative coefficient in the first initial control parameters, along with the allocation strategy corresponding to the starting temperature weight and starting bias voltage weight, to more quickly eliminate large deviations. After the adjusted real-time deviation converges back to the preset difference range, the system promptly switches back to the fuzzy PID controller to avoid the PID controller's prolonged operation from adversely affecting steady-state accuracy. This setting enables the optical communication system 100 to orderly recover to the target insertion loss even when encountering extreme interference during the working phase, improving the robustness and reliability of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0060] The present invention also proposes a control device 50 for an optical communication system 100, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the control device 50 of the optical communication system 100 includes a processor 51 and a memory 52. ​​The memory 52 stores the control program of the optical communication system 100. When the control program of the optical communication system 100 is executed by the processor 51, the control method of the optical communication system 100 as described above is implemented. The specific structure of the control method of the optical communication system 100 refers to the above embodiments. Since the control device 50 of the optical communication system 100 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0061] The present invention also proposes an optical communication system 100, such as Figure 9As shown, the optical communication system 100 includes a thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, an optical power monitoring module 20, a temperature control module 30, a bias voltage control module 40, and a control device 50. The specific structure of the control device 50 is as described in the above embodiments. Since this optical communication system 100 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here. Among them, the optical power monitoring module 20 is coupled to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and is used to collect the input optical power and output optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10; the temperature control module 30 is electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and is used to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10; the bias voltage control module 40 is electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and is used to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10; the control device 50 is electrically connected to the optical power monitoring module 20, the temperature control module 30, and the bias voltage control module 40, respectively.

[0062] In this embodiment, the control device 50 can use a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as the main control chip. This main control chip integrates a stage recognition state machine, a proprietary core of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm or a fuzzy PID algorithm, and a parameter transition logic unit. The operation frequency can be set to 100MHz to meet the real-time processing requirements of the data collected by the optical power monitoring module 20 and the rapid adjustment requirements of the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40. The stage recognition state machine is used to determine the current startup or working stage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 based on the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation, and accordingly triggers the operation of the PID controller or fuzzy PID controller. The proprietary core of the PID algorithm or fuzzy PID algorithm is used to perform the calculation of the total control quantity formula to generate a first total control quantity or a second total control quantity. The parameter transition logic unit is used to complete the linear transition from startup temperature weight to steady-state temperature weight and from startup bias voltage weight to steady-state bias voltage weight within a preset switching time, and to complete the smooth switching of control parameters during abnormal back-cut.

[0063] The hardware configuration of the aforementioned control device 50 corresponds to the adjustment strategies of each stage in the aforementioned control method. The high operating frequency of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) enables the control device 50 to complete real-time deviation calculation, total control quantity determination, and control quantity allocation within a short period, thereby adapting to the rapid switching between coarse and fine adjustments during the startup phase, the timely response to minor disturbances during operation, and the temporary back-switch requirements under abnormal operating conditions. The integrated design of the stage identification state machine, algorithm intellectual property core, and parameter transition logic unit reduces communication latency between external devices, which is beneficial to improving the timeliness of the coordinated adjustment of temperature and bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 by the optical communication system 100, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the insertion loss control of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10.

[0064] like Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the optical power monitoring module 20 includes: The first optical power detector 21 has its detection end coupled to the input end of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, and is used to collect the input optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The second optical power detector 22 is coupled to the output end of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 and is used to collect the output optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. The first signal conditioning unit 23 has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first optical power detector 21 and its output terminal connected to the control device 50. It is used to logarithmically amplify and filter the input optical power before outputting it to the control device 50. The second signal conditioning unit 24 has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the second optical power detector 22 and its output terminal connected to the control device 50. It is used to logarithmically amplify and filter the output optical power before outputting it to the control device 50.

[0065] In this embodiment, the first optical power detector 21 and the second optical power detector 22 can be selected as indium gallium arsenide high-speed photodetectors, with a response wavelength range covering 1500nm to 1600nm, a measurement range of -70dBm to +10dBm, and a power accuracy of ±0.005dBm, to meet the optical power monitoring requirements of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 during the startup and operation phases.

[0066] The first signal conditioning unit 23 may include a first amplifier 231 and a first low-pass filter 232. The input terminal of the first amplifier 231 is connected to the output terminal of the first optical power detector 21, and the output terminal of the first amplifier 231 is connected to the input terminal of the first low-pass filter 232. The output terminal of the first low-pass filter 232 is connected to the control device 50. The first amplifier 231 is used to logarithmically amplify the weak current signal output by the first optical power detector 21 and convert it into a voltage signal. The first low-pass filter 232 is used to filter out high-frequency noise components in the voltage signal. The second signal conditioning unit 24 may include a second amplifier 241 and a second low-pass filter 242. The input terminal of the second amplifier 241 is connected to the output terminal of the second optical power detector 22, and the output terminal of the second amplifier 241 is connected to the input terminal of the second low-pass filter 242. The output terminal of the second low-pass filter 242 is connected to the control device 50. The second amplifier 241 is used to logarithmically amplify the weak current signal output by the second optical power detector 22 and convert it into a voltage signal. The second low-pass filter 242 is used to filter out high-frequency noise components in the voltage signal.

[0067] The cutoff frequencies of the first low-pass filter 232 and the second low-pass filter 242 can be set to 10kHz. This cutoff frequency setting helps to eliminate ambient light interference and high-frequency noise generated inside the circuit, making the input and output optical power signals transmitted to the control device 50 more stable and reliable. Through logarithmic amplification, the optical power variation within the wide dynamic range of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 can be linearly mapped to a voltage signal, facilitating the control device 50 to accurately calculate the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation. The filtered signal reduces the impact of stray interference on the calculation results of the total control quantity formula, which helps to improve the accuracy of the temperature control module 30 and the bias voltage control module 40 when adjusting the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10, thereby enhancing the stability of the insertion loss control of the optical communication system 100 under different operating conditions.

[0068] like Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the temperature control module 30 includes: Temperature sensor 31 is electrically connected to control device 50 and is used to detect the temperature of thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 and feed it back to control device 50. Thermoelectric cooler module 32 is used to regulate the temperature of thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10; The first drive module 33 is electrically connected to the control device 50 and the thermoelectric cooler module 32 respectively, and is used to drive the thermoelectric cooler module 32 to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the temperature control quantity output by the control device 50.

[0069] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 31 can be a high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor 31, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃, to meet the precise sensing requirements of temperature deviation during the coarse and fine adjustment switching in the startup phase. The thermoelectric cooler module 32 can use a dual-channel Peltier element, with a temperature adjustment range covering -40℃ to 85℃ and a response speed of no more than 5℃ / s. This response characteristic helps to quickly eliminate large deviations between the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 and the preset temperature in the startup phase, and at the same time, it works with the bias voltage control module 40 to suppress minor disturbances caused by ambient temperature fluctuations in the working phase. The first drive module 33 can use a thermoelectric cooler drive chip, which can precisely adjust the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the dual-channel Peltier element according to the first or second temperature control quantity output by the control device 50, thereby realizing bidirectional continuous adjustment of the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10.

[0070] The configuration of the aforementioned temperature sensor 31, thermoelectric cooler module 32, and first drive module 33 is adapted to the adjustment strategies at different stages of the aforementioned control method. The real-time temperature data fed back by the high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor 31 provides a reliable input for the control device 50 to calculate the temperature deviation and determine whether the preset temperature deviation threshold is met. This allows for coarse adjustment in 0.5A steps during the startup phase when the temperature deviation is greater than 1℃, and fine adjustment in 0.1A steps when the temperature deviation is not greater than 1℃. The wide temperature adjustment range and fast response speed of the dual-path Peltier element enable the temperature control module 30 to undertake the main deviation elimination task during the startup phase and maintain basic adjustment capability with a lower steady-state temperature weight during the operating phase. The precise current control of the thermoelectric cooler drive chip helps reduce temperature overshoot. Combined with the linear transition of weights within the preset switching time, this further improves the smoothness of the transition of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10 from the startup phase to the operating phase and the reliability of insertion loss control during the operating phase.

[0071] like Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the bias voltage control module 40 includes: The second driving module 41 is used to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10; The digital-to-analog conversion module 42 is electrically connected to the control device 50 and the second drive module 41, respectively, and is used to convert the digital bias voltage control quantity output by the control device 50 into an analog voltage signal and output it to the second drive module 41, so that the second drive module 41 adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the analog voltage signal.

[0072] In this embodiment, the digital-to-analog converter module 42 can be a digital-to-analog converter module, which can convert the digital form of the first bias voltage control quantity or the second bias voltage control quantity output by the control device 50 into a corresponding analog voltage signal. The second drive module 41 can be a digital-to-analog converter drive module, which is electrically connected to the digital-to-analog converter module and is used to receive the analog voltage signal output by the digital-to-analog converter module, and to precisely adjust the bias voltage applied to the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10 according to the analog voltage signal. The conversion accuracy of the digital-to-analog converter module and the drive stability of the digital-to-analog converter drive module work together to enable the bias voltage control module 40 to accurately execute the adjustment command of the control device 50, thereby achieving continuous and smooth adjustment of the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch 10.

[0073] The specific selection of the aforementioned digital-to-analog converter module 42 and the second drive module 41 is adapted to the bias voltage adjustment requirements at different stages in the aforementioned control method. During the startup phase, when the temperature deviation exceeds the preset temperature deviation threshold, the bias voltage control module 40 participates in coordinated adjustment with a smaller startup bias voltage weight. The cooperation between the digital-to-analog converter module and the digital-to-analog converter drive module helps avoid the impact of sudden bias voltage changes on the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch 10. During the operating phase, as the steady-state bias voltage weight gradually increases, the bias voltage control module 40 undertakes the main task of insertion loss fine-tuning. The higher conversion resolution of the digital-to-analog converter module and the lower output ripple of the digital-to-analog converter drive module help improve the ability to maintain the real-time deviation within the preset difference range. When an abnormal operating condition triggers a temporary switchback of the PID controller, the digital-to-analog converter module 42 and the second drive module 41 can quickly respond to the switching of control parameters and, in conjunction with the preset allocation rules, complete the timely adjustment of the bias voltage, thereby enhancing the robustness of the optical communication system 100 against extreme interference.

[0074] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for an optical communication system, characterized in that, The optical communication system includes a thin-film lithium niobate optical switch, a temperature control module, and a bias voltage control module. The control method includes: Obtain the initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate opto-switch, and calculate the initial deviation between the initial insertion loss and the target insertion loss; If the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the startup phase based on the initial deviation, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first adjustment mode. In the first adjustment mode, based on the initial deviation, the rate of change of the initial deviation, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the real-time deviation after adjustment is obtained. When it is determined that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the working stage based on the real-time deviation, the final control parameter of the PID controller is set as the second initial control parameter of the fuzzy PID controller, and the starting weight in the preset allocation rule is transitioned to the steady-state weight. The fuzzy PID controller is triggered to enter the second adjustment mode; In the second adjustment mode, the fuzzy PID controller acquires the real-time deviation and the real-time deviation change rate; Based on the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the real-time deviation, the control parameters of the PID controller are corrected using the final control parameters as the starting point for iteration. Based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weight, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, so that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range.

2. The control method for an optical communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch includes: The input optical power, output optical power, and target insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch were obtained. The initial insertion loss of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch is determined based on the input optical power, output optical power, and the logarithmic conversion formula of optical power.

3. The control method for an optical communication system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for the logarithmic transformation of optical power is: ； in, The initial insertion loss, The input optical power, The output optical power; The formula relating the initial insertion loss, the target insertion loss, and the initial deviation is: ； Where e is the initial deviation. The target insertion loss is denoted as .

4. The control method for an optical communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the startup phase based on the initial deviation includes: If the initial deviation is determined to be greater than a preset deviation threshold, the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the startup phase. And / or, determining that the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is in the operating phase based on the real-time deviation includes: If the real-time deviation is determined to be no greater than a preset deviation threshold and the duration of the deviation reaches a preset startup duration, the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is determined to be in the working stage.

5. The control method for an optical communication system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first initial control parameter includes an initial proportional coefficient, an initial integral coefficient, and an initial derivative coefficient, and the corrected control parameter includes a corrected proportional coefficient, a corrected integral coefficient, and a corrected derivative coefficient; The preset allocation rules include a total control quantity formula, a temperature allocation formula, a bias voltage allocation formula, a start-up weight, and a steady-state weight. The start-up weight includes a start-up temperature weight and a start-up bias voltage weight, and the steady-state weight includes a steady-state temperature weight and a steady-state bias voltage weight. The step of controlling the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and controlling the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the initial deviation, the initial deviation change rate, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules includes: The first total control quantity is determined based on the initial deviation, initial deviation change rate, initial proportional coefficient, initial integral coefficient, initial derivative coefficient, and total control quantity formula. Based on the aforementioned start-up temperature weight, start-up bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula, the first total control quantity is allocated into a first temperature control quantity and a first bias voltage control quantity. According to the first temperature control value, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and according to the first bias voltage control value, the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. The step of controlling the temperature control module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and controlling the bias voltage control module to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch based on the corrected control parameters, real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, and steady-state weight, so that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range, includes: The second total control quantity is determined based on the real-time deviation, real-time deviation change rate, correction proportional coefficient, correction integral coefficient, correction derivative coefficient, and total control quantity formula. Based on the steady-state temperature weight, steady-state bias voltage weight, temperature allocation formula, and bias voltage allocation formula, the second total control quantity is allocated as the second temperature control quantity and the second bias voltage control quantity. According to the second temperature control quantity, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch so that the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch is within a preset operating temperature range. According to the second bias voltage control quantity, the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch so that the real-time deviation is within a preset difference range.

6. The control method for an optical communication system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for the total control quantity is: ； in, It is either the first total control value or the second total control value. This refers to either the initial scaling factor or the modified scaling factor. The initial integration coefficient or the corrected integration coefficient. Let e ​​be the initial differential coefficient or the corrected differential coefficient, and let e be the initial deviation or the real-time deviation. The initial deviation change rate or the real-time deviation change rate; The temperature distribution formula is as follows: ； in, It is either the first temperature control value or the second temperature control value. The starting temperature weight or the steady-state temperature weight; The bias voltage distribution formula is as follows: ； in, It is either the first bias voltage control value or the second bias voltage control value. The starting bias voltage weight or the steady-state bias voltage weight.

7. The control method for an optical communication system as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The control method further includes: During the working phase, if it is determined that the real-time deviation is greater than a third preset deviation threshold, the PID controller is triggered to enter the first adjustment mode. In the first adjustment mode, based on the real-time deviation, the real-time deviation change rate, the first initial control parameters of the PID controller and the preset allocation rules, the temperature control module is controlled to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the bias voltage control module is controlled to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and the adjusted real-time deviation is obtained. If the real-time deviation after adjustment is determined to be within the preset difference range, the fuzzy PID controller is triggered to enter the second adjustment mode.

8. A control device for an optical communication system, characterized in that, The system includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a control program for an optical communication system, and when the processor executes the control program for the optical communication system, it implements the control method for the optical communication system as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. An optical communication system, characterized in that, include: Thin-film lithium niobate optical switch; An optical power monitoring module is coupled to the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch and is used to collect the input optical power and output optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch. A temperature control module, electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch, is used to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch; A bias voltage control module, electrically connected to the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch, is used to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoelectric switch; The control device for the optical communication system as described in claim 8 is electrically connected to the optical power monitoring module, the temperature control module, and the bias voltage control module, respectively.

10. The optical communication system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The optical power monitoring module includes: A first optical power detector, the detection end of which is coupled to the input end of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch, is used to collect the input optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate optical switch; The second optical power detector has its detection end coupled to the output end of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch, and is used to collect the output optical power of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. A first signal conditioning unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first optical power detector, and the output terminal of which is connected to the control device, is used to perform logarithmic amplification and filtering on the input optical power and then output it to the control device. The second signal conditioning unit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the second optical power detector and its output terminal connected to the control device. It is used to perform logarithmic amplification and filtering on the output optical power and then output it to the control device. And / or, the temperature control module includes: A temperature sensor, electrically connected to the control device, is used to detect the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch and feed it back to the control device. A thermoelectric cooler module is used to regulate the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch. The first driving module is electrically connected to the control device and the thermoelectric cooler module respectively, and is used to drive the thermoelectric cooler module to adjust the temperature of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the temperature control quantity output by the control device; And / or, the bias voltage control module includes: The second driving module is used to adjust the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch; The digital-to-analog converter module is electrically connected to the control device and the second drive module, respectively, and is used to convert the digital bias voltage control quantity output by the control device into an analog voltage signal and output it to the second drive module, so that the second drive module adjusts the bias voltage of the thin-film lithium niobate photoswitch according to the analog voltage signal.

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