Cross-fault power transmission tower earthquake dislocation data adaptive buffering regulation device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of cross fault transmission tower earthquake dislocation data adaptive buffer regulation devices, belong to electric power transmission earthquake-resistant equipment technical field.This device is by multi-source sensing system synchronous acquisition fault three-dimensional dislocation, earthquake vibration, tower stress, soil strain and other six-dimensional coupling data, relies on adaptive Kalman filter to complete data noise reduction processing;Adopt piezoelectric high-frequency damping and hydraulic large-stroke buffer combined high-low frequency collaborative energy dissipation architecture, give consideration to high-frequency earthquake vibration suppression and fault large displacement dislocation buffer;Fusion ADRC self-disturbance, MPC model predictive control and BP neural network prediction algorithm, realize fault dislocation trend prediction and dynamic parameter self-tuning, cooperate with multi-point flexible displacement compensation matrix and tower attitude fine adjustment structure, complete three-dimensional dislocation active compensation and tower attitude correction, simultaneously linkage power grid platform realizes tower line collaborative regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic-resistant equipment technology for power transmission, and particularly relates to an adaptive buffer control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers. Background Technology

[0002] Many ultra-high-voltage transmission corridors in my country traverse active fault zones. When earthquakes occur on active faults, three-dimensional dislocations, including horizontal strike-slip, vertical tilt-slip, and rotational torsional displacement, are generated. These displacements are superimposed with seismic pulse vibrations and plastic slippage of the soil, posing a dual risk of damage to transmission towers crossing faults: First, fault dislocations cause irreversible relative displacements in the foundations, leading to tensile and shear stress concentrations in the tower anchor bolts and foundation caps, resulting in foundation cracking and anchor bolt fractures. Second, fault displacements induce low-frequency rigid body oscillations in the tower body coupled with high-frequency seismic vibrations, causing fatigue cracking of the main tower materials and crossarm nodes. In severe cases, this can lead to tower overturning, line breakage, and large-scale power outages.

[0003] Current seismic and dislocation resistance technologies for cross-fault transmission towers mainly rely on passive protection schemes, which have significant shortcomings:

[0004] The foundation is equipped with rubber damping and spring energy dissipation supports: the damping frequency band is fixed, it can only dissipate vibration energy in a small amount, it cannot adapt to the large-range dislocation displacement of the fault from millimeter to decimeter level, it has no active adjustment capability, and it is prone to failure when the fault moves a large distance.

[0005] Enlarging the foundation size and adding anti-slip anchors for rigid reinforcement: Rigid constraints cannot release fault displacement deformation, stress concentration exacerbates foundation damage, and cannot compensate for tower tilt caused by dislocation in real time;

[0006] The addition of a TMD tuned mass damper to the upper part of the tower body only targets the vibration reduction of the tower body, completely ignoring the three-dimensional dislocation displacement of the fault foundation, and cannot solve the root cause of the foundation slippage problem.

[0007] Offline geological monitoring + post-earthquake reinforcement: Fault displacement is only measured manually on a periodic basis. There is no real-time data feedback after an earthquake, so it cannot be dynamically buffered or corrected in real time. It is a post-earthquake remedy and cannot achieve online protection during an earthquake.

[0008] The existing few active control technologies still have four major defects: (1) Single monitoring dimension: only tower vibration or single-point foundation displacement is monitored, and multi-source coupled data of fault three-dimensional dislocation, foundation stress, tower tilt, seismic acceleration and soil strain cannot be collected simultaneously, and the coupling effect of dislocation and vibration cannot be quantified; (2) Incompatible actuation buffer performance: single hydraulic actuator has a slow response and cannot suppress high-frequency seismic vibration; the piezoresistive damping stroke is extremely small and cannot adapt to large fault displacement, and cannot take into account both high-frequency vibration reduction and large stroke dislocation compensation; (3) Poor self-adaptation of control algorithm: traditional fixed parameter PID control cannot self-tune the control parameters when the fault slip, seismic intensity and soil stiffness change dynamically, and the control is lagging and unstable under pulse earthquake; (4) Low system integration: monitoring, buffering and control modules are independent of each other, there is no unified closed-loop collaborative architecture, poor compatibility with transmission tower foundation and remote power grid monitoring platform, large amount of renovation work and high operation and maintenance cost.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a seismic dislocation buffering and control device for cross-fault transmission towers that integrates multi-source dislocation synchronous sensing, high and low frequency collaborative buffering, three-dimensional displacement adaptive active control, and integrated closed-loop operation to solve the problem of seismic damage to active fault transmission towers and improve the seismic resilience of the power grid. Summary of the Invention

[0010] An adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of a cross-fault transmission tower includes a fault foundation base module, a tower positioning and support module, a multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module, a high- and low-frequency collaborative buffering and vibration suppression module, a three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module, an intelligent control core module, and a power grid remote collaborative interaction module. These modules are interconnected through mechanically embedded structures and shielded signal buses to form a complete closed-loop control system. The detailed structure of each sub-module is as follows:

[0011] 1. Fault foundation base module

[0012] This serves as the bearing benchmark for the device, which is embedded in the soil of the upper and lower walls of the fault. It isolates the fault from direct transmission of soil displacement to the transmission tower and provides buffer and control installation space, including separate foundations for the upper and lower walls, sliding guide grooves, pre-embedded anti-pull-out anchors, and leveling bearing supports.

[0013] The upper and lower foundation caps are made of C40 impermeable and crack-resistant reinforced concrete. A three-dimensional sliding gap of 0-150mm is reserved between the upper and lower foundation caps to accommodate a maximum fault displacement of 120mm. The foundation caps are equipped with a double-layer bidirectional steel mesh and have an epoxy anti-corrosion coating on the surface.

[0014] The sliding guide groove is opened on the mating surface of the upper and lower bearing platforms, and has a built-in polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant and friction-reducing pad with a friction coefficient ≤0.03. It restricts the sliding direction to only three-dimensional movement along the fault strike, dip, and vertical, avoiding irregular torsion.

[0015] Pre-embedded anti-pull-out anchors are inserted into the soil of the upper and lower plates of the fault in multiple layers, with a single anchor bearing capacity of ≥800kN, to prevent the entire pier cap from sliding out during an earthquake;

[0016] There are 8 sets of bottom spiral leveling bearing supports with an adjustment stroke of 0–60mm. They are used to level the foundation during the construction phase, ensuring that the flatness error of the foundation is ≤0.02mm / m and that the upper module is subjected to uniform force.

[0017] Further optimization: Pre-embedded pipeline channels are reserved inside the upper and lower foundations, and all sensor and actuator cables are run through waterproof metal corrugated pipes. Sealed waterproof joints are set at both ends of the channels to adapt to the underground high humidity and groundwater erosion environment; the outside of the foundation is wrapped with geomembrane to isolate the internal components from groundwater corrosion in the fault zone.

[0018] 2. Tower positioning and support module

[0019] Erected above the upper foundation platform, it achieves flexible positioning and pressure bearing of the transmission tower's foot plate, avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid contact, synchronously transferring the vertical load of the tower body and isolating local impacts. It includes a flexible pressure-bearing base, adaptive positioning lugs, multi-point elastic pressure-bearing units, and load pressure sensing components.

[0020] The flexible pressure-bearing base is integrally formed from Q355B cast steel. The top surface has a positioning groove that matches the base plate of the tower. The surface roughness of the groove is Ra≤1.6μm and the fitting clearance is 0.03–0.05mm. The bottom of the base slides into the sliding guide groove.

[0021] There are 4 sets of adaptive positioning ear seats, arranged in a rectangular symmetrical manner. They have built-in miniature pressure sensors to collect the positioning clamping force at the bottom of the tower in real time, and provide early warning of over-constraint stress. The clamping force threshold is preset to 120kN. After the threshold is exceeded, the intelligent control module triggers the pressure relief buffer.

[0022] The multi-point elastic pressure unit uses a polyurethane composite spring pressure head with a Shore A65 hardness, a total of 6 groups, and a cylinder-driven flexible pressure clamping the edge of the tower base plate to disperse single-point pressure and prevent local tensile and shear damage to the anchor bolts.

[0023] The load pressure sensing components are arranged between the pressure base and the upper platen, with 4 distributed pressure sensors to collect the total vertical load of the tower in real time, distinguishing between normal self-weight load and additional seismic impact load.

[0024] 3. Multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module

[0025] The closed-loop control data input core synchronously collects six-dimensional data, including fault three-dimensional dislocation, seismic vibration, foundation stress, tower tilt, soil strain, and environmental temperature and humidity, to provide multi-source fusion input for the intelligent control module. It includes fault dislocation monitoring unit, seismic vibration monitoring unit, tower deformation stress unit, and geological environment monitoring unit.

[0026] (1) Fault Dislocation Monitoring Unit

[0027] Arranged at the gap between the upper and lower plates of the fault, it enables non-contact three-dimensional displacement measurement:

[0028] Four laser three-dimensional displacement sensors are used, based on the laser triangulation principle. The X / Y / Z three-axis measurement range is 0–150 mm, the measurement accuracy is ±0.5 μm, the sampling frequency is 1 kHz, and the horizontal strike-slip, vertical dip-slip, and torsional displacement of the fault are captured in real time.

[0029] A fiber optic grating soil strain array, with 12 sets pre-embedded along the fault fracture zone, has a sensitivity coefficient of 2.15. It monitors plastic slippage and crack propagation in the fault soil and predicts the development trend of layer fault movement.

[0030] (2) Earthquake vibration monitoring unit

[0031] Five triaxial piezoelectric accelerometers were installed on the foundation platform, tower base plate, tower body at 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 height, and tower top, respectively. The monitoring frequency was 0–5000Hz, covering low-frequency pulse vibration of faults and high-frequency seismic waves, and capturing the amplitude and frequency of tower-foundation coupled vibration.

[0032] A three-dimensional piezoelectric force sensor is embedded inside the support base, with a range of 0–1000kN and an accuracy of ±0.1%FS, to collect X / Y / Z triaxial impact shear forces under seismic action.

[0033] (3) Tower body deformation stress unit

[0034] Three sets of dual-axis tilt sensors are installed on the tower crossarm and tower head, with a range of ±15° and an accuracy of 0.001°, to monitor the overall tilt of the tower caused by fault displacement in real time.

[0035] Ten metal strain gauges were attached to the key stress-bearing sections of the main material and anchor bolts of the transmission tower to collect tensile and shear strain and assess the risk of structural stress damage.

[0036] (4) Geological Environment Monitoring Unit

[0037] Infrared temperature and humidity sensors and pore water pressure gauges, with a sampling frequency of 10Hz, monitor the changes in soil moisture content and temperature in the fault zone, correct the soil stiffness model, and eliminate the influence of environmental interference on the monitoring data.

[0038] All analog signals collected by the sensors are sent to a high-speed acquisition card, and after noise reduction by Kalman filtering, they are transmitted to the intelligent control core.

[0039] 4. High and low frequency coordinated buffering and vibration damping module

[0040] The core energy-consuming vibration reduction unit takes into account both high-frequency seismic vibration suppression and low-frequency large displacement buffering of faults, and solves the defect of single damping frequency band adaptation. It includes piezoelectric high-frequency damping group, hydraulic large stroke buffer unit, and electromagnetic dynamic damping adjustment unit.

[0041] (1) Piezoelectric high-frequency damping group

[0042] Eight sets of piezoelectric actuators are evenly arranged at the bottom of the upper plate bearing base, with a response time ≤1μs, a maximum output thrust of 0–300kN, and an output displacement of 0–40μm. They are specifically designed to suppress high-frequency seismic waves of 500–5000Hz and tower body micro-flutter. The piezoelectric actuators are connected in parallel and grouped for control, and can output reverse damping force individually or in combination to counteract high-frequency vibrations. They are equipped with a high-voltage DC power supply of 0–1000VDC for independent power supply.

[0043] (2) Hydraulic long stroke buffer unit

[0044] Four sets of servo hydraulic buffer cylinders are symmetrically arranged along the three-dimensional X / Y / Z directions of the fault, with a stroke of 0–150mm, a maximum output buffer thrust of 0–1200kN, and a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm, which can adapt to the decimeter-level large dislocation slippage of the fault; the front end of the cylinder is equipped with a flexible spherical top head that fits the contact surface of the lower plate bearing, and the built-in pressure sensor monitors the buffer contact force in real time to avoid the pushing stress exceeding the limit.

[0045] (3) Electromagnetic dynamic damping adjustment unit

[0046] Each hydraulic buffer cylinder is equipped with an electromagnetic viscous damper with a damping coefficient that is continuously adjustable from 0 to 80 N·s / m. The intelligent control module dynamically modifies the damping coefficient according to the real-time vibration frequency to avoid the fault-tower resonance range and dissipate earthquake and dislocation coupling energy in stages.

[0047] 5. Three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module

[0048] Active displacement compensation is performed to address the foundation offset and tower tilt caused by three-dimensional fault displacement, and the stress attitude of the tower is corrected simultaneously. This includes a multi-point flexible displacement compensation matrix, a tower attitude fine-tuning unit, and a tower-line collaborative compensation interface.

[0049] (1) Multi-point flexible displacement compensation matrix

[0050] It consists of 10 independent micro servo adjustable supports, arrayed below the pressure base. The adjustment stroke of a single support is 0–30 mm, with an adjustment accuracy of ±0.5 μm. The top spherical adaptive support fits against the bottom surface of the base, and the built-in pressure sensor monitors the support force in real time. The lifting and lowering of each support is adjusted according to the three-dimensional dislocation data of the fault to compensate for uneven local slippage of the foundation and eliminate local suspension and stress concentration at the bottom of the tower.

[0051] (2) Tower posture fine-tuning unit

[0052] Four sets of bidirectional electric push rods are hinged at the four corners of the tower base plate. The single push rod stroke is 0–80mm and the thrust is 0–600kN. By pushing and pulling the tower base, the tower body can be slightly tilted and corrected, which can offset the tower body deflection angle caused by the unidirectional slippage of the fault and control the tower body tilt angle to ≤0.3°.

[0053] (3) Tower-line coordinated compensation interface

[0054] Using the EtherCAT industrial bus, the system connects to the online monitoring platform for the line, and synchronously pushes data on fault displacement and tower tilt to the spacer bars and insulator adjustment devices to finely adjust the conductor tension and prevent tower-line coupling from aggravating tower damage.

[0055] 6. Intelligent Control Core Module

[0056] The device control center realizes multi-source data fusion, working condition identification, and collaborative buffer compensation command output. It includes a high-speed data acquisition unit, an integrated controller, a fusion algorithm processing unit, and a power supply and human-machine interaction unit.

[0057] High-speed data acquisition unit: 16-bit multi-channel acquisition card, sampling rate 1MS / s, synchronously acquires 32 channels of sensor analog signals, and transmits them to the controller after analog-to-digital conversion;

[0058] Integrated controller: Dual architecture of PLC logic control + motion controller. The PLC is responsible for equipment start-up and shutdown, fault warning, and sensor inspection logic; the motion controller independently manages the synchronous movement of the piezoresistive damper, hydraulic buffer, and servo compensation support, with a bus interaction delay of ≤0.5ms.

[0059] Fusion Algorithm Processing Unit

[0060] Signal preprocessing: Adaptive Kalman filtering to remove noise from groundwater, temperature, and wind loads;

[0061] Fault dislocation condition identification: FFT extracts vibration frequency, least squares method fits three-dimensional slip curve to distinguish between two conditions: slow fault creep and instantaneous fault displacement due to pulse earthquake;

[0062] Collaborative control algorithm: ADRC self-disturbance rejection + MPC model prediction fusion control to cope with multivariate coupled nonlinear working conditions of fault displacement, seismic load and soil stiffness;

[0063] BP neural network prediction model: trained based on thousands of sets of historical data on fault slip and seismic intensity, it can predict the development trend of dislocation in advance, pre-adjust buffer damping and compensation displacement, and eliminate control lag.

[0064] Power supply and human-machine interaction unit: Three independent power supplies (piezoelectric high voltage power supply, servo 24V DC power supply, 1kVA UPS backup power supply); 10-inch explosion-proof touch screen, local real-time display of three-dimensional dislocation, vibration amplitude, buffer thrust, tower tilt angle, equipment fault codes, supports custom threshold and manual maintenance mode.

[0065] 7. Grid Remote Collaborative Interaction Module

[0066] It enables two-way data communication between the device and the regional power grid dispatching and transmission line online monitoring platform, and synchronously links the line protection equipment, including an industrial bus communication unit, a synchronous timing control unit, and a wireless remote transmission unit;

[0067] EtherCAT bus communication unit with a transmission rate of 100Mbps, compatible with the State Grid standardized monitoring system, and real-time uploading of dislocation, vibration and stress monitoring data;

[0068] Synchronous timing control unit: Collects power frequency and insulator tension monitoring clock signals of the line to ensure that the buffer control action is synchronized with the line status, with a synchronization error of ≤1ms;

[0069] LoRa wireless remote transmission unit, backup transmission in underground wireless communication scenarios, supports local data caching after network outage due to earthquake, and batch uploading of complete earthquake data after communication is restored.

[0070] Workflow (Closed-Loop Control Process)

[0071] During the initial installation and commissioning phase of fault construction, the upper and lower foundation caps are pre-embedded, and buffer, compensation, and sensing modules are installed. Operators calibrate the zero points of the laser displacement sensor and accelerometer through a local touchscreen and set safety thresholds: fault unidirectional dislocation warning threshold of 30mm, tower tilt warning threshold of 0.3°, vibration amplitude warning threshold of 10μm, and foundation stress safety threshold of 1000kN. The BP neural network loads the local fault geology and past earthquake history training dataset to complete the initialization of the prediction model.

[0072] During the routine monitoring phase (without earthquakes / fault creep), the multi-source sensor monitoring module continuously collects fault micro-creep displacement, soil strain, and tower stress at low frequency. The intelligent control module only performs data storage and trend prediction. The piezoresistive damping and hydraulic buffer units remain in standby low-damping state, and the micro-compensation piers maintain the benchmark support height, only slowly adapting to the long-term millimeter-level creep of the fault, without consuming a large amount of energy.

[0073] Earthquake fault slip triggers closed-loop control of earthquake occurrence, fault generates three-dimensional instantaneous dislocation, multi-source sensors synchronously collect three-dimensional slip, seismic acceleration, tower tilt angle, and foundation shear force data, which are then sent to the algorithm unit after Kalman filtering for noise reduction: (1) Working condition identification: FFT analyzes vibration frequency to distinguish between low-frequency fault slip pulses and high-frequency seismic vibrations; neural network predicts the future 0.5s fault displacement development trend; (2) Cooperative buffering and vibration suppression command is issued:

[0074] High-frequency vibration (>500Hz): Drive the piezoresistive damping group to output reverse damping force to counteract the high-frequency flutter of the tower body and suppress the vibration amplitude to within 5μm;

[0075] Low-frequency fault slip (0–500Hz): The servo hydraulic buffer cylinder extends synchronously along the fault slip direction, flexibly bearing the relative displacement of the upper and lower plate foundations, and the electromagnetic damping adjusts in real time to dissipate the dislocation impact energy; (3) Three-dimensional dislocation active compensation: Based on the X / Y / Z three-dimensional displacement measured by the laser sensor, the lifting height of the flexible compensation matrix support is adjusted differently, and the electric push rod is used to finely adjust the tower bottom posture to offset the tower tilt caused by fault slip and control the tilt angle <0.3°; at the same time, the tower line coordination interface synchronously issues correction commands to finely adjust the conductor tension and prevent tower line coupling damage; (4) Real-time closed-loop feedback: The sensor updates the dislocation and vibration data every 1ms, and the controller dynamically corrects the buffer thrust and compensates the displacement, continuously iterating and controlling until the earthquake ends and the fault slip stops.

[0076] After the earthquake, the intelligent control module automatically resets the hydraulic buffer, piezoresistive damper, and compensating support to their initial reference positions. The local touchscreen stores the complete earthquake monitoring curve and control action records. The remote interaction module uploads key data such as the maximum fault displacement, peak tower stress, and vibration amplitude to the power grid monitoring platform for maintenance personnel to assess tower damage risks without requiring manual on-site measurement.

[0077] The beneficial effects of the present invention after adopting the above structure are as follows:

[0078] (1) Integrate a six-dimensional sensing system for fault three-dimensional displacement, seismic vibration, tower stress and soil strain to simultaneously capture the coupling effect of fault slip and seismic vibration, and solve the defects of existing devices that only monitor a single point and cannot distinguish between dislocation and vibration interference.

[0079] (2) The piezoelectric high-frequency damping + hydraulic large stroke buffer composite structure suppresses the 500–5000Hz earthquake high-frequency vibration, the hydraulic servo cylinder is adapted to the maximum 120mm fault three-dimensional displacement, the electromagnetic damping dynamically adjusts the energy dissipation intensity, and covers the full frequency band load; the fault slip impact energy dissipation rate is improved, and the tensile and shear stress of the foundation platform is reduced.

[0080] (3) The BP neural network is used to predict the development trend of the fault and combined with the ADRC+MPC fusion control algorithm to solve the shortcomings of traditional PID that cannot adapt to nonlinear slip of faults and pulse earthquake conditions; the control response delay is ≤0.5ms, and the buffer parameters can be pre-adjusted in advance. During the earthquake, the tower tilt angle is stably controlled within 0.3°, the peak strain of the main material of the tower is reduced by 60%, and the risk of overturning and line breakage is greatly reduced.

[0081] (4) The multi-point flexible compensation matrix realizes local compensation for uneven slippage of the foundation, the electric push rod of the tower body corrects the overall deviation, and the transmission line tension adjustment device is linked to eliminate the additional tension of tower-line coupling. The residual deformation of the tower body caused by fault dislocation is reduced to less than 5μm, and no large-scale manual correction is required after the earthquake.

[0082] (5) Modular pre-embedded structure, which can be adapted and modified for both new and existing cross-fault transmission towers without large-scale demolition of the original foundation; EtherCAT bus interface with the existing power grid monitoring platform, local + remote dual data monitoring; low power consumption under normal conditions, automatic reset after earthquake, automatic fault recording, reducing the manpower input for operation and maintenance by 80%, significantly improving the seismic resilience of the power grid in active fault areas, and has the value of large-scale engineering promotion.

[0083] (6) It can reduce the rate of earthquake collapse and line breakage of cross-fault transmission towers from 22% in the traditional passive protection scheme to less than 2%; the cost of rework and repair of towers after earthquake is reduced by 75%, which greatly reduces the economic losses caused by earthquake power outages and is suitable for the construction needs of ultra-high voltage transmission projects in earthquake-prone and fault-dense areas in western my country. Attached Figure Description

[0084] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0085] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 3 This is the algorithm logic diagram of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and processing flow for multi-source fault dislocation sensing monitoring.

[0089] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric-hydraulic coordinated buffering and vibration suppression synchronous execution control process.

[0090] The reference numerals in the attached diagrams are as follows: 1. Fault foundation base module; 11. Upper foundation platform; 12. Lower foundation platform; 13. Sliding guide groove; 2. Tower positioning and support module; 21. Flexible pressure-bearing base; 22. Adaptive positioning lug; 3. Multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module; 31. Fault dislocation monitoring unit; 32. Seismic vibration monitoring unit; 33. Tower deformation stress unit; 4. High and low frequency coordinated buffering and vibration suppression module; 41. Piezoelectric high-frequency damping group; 42. Hydraulic large stroke buffer unit; 43. Electromagnetic dynamic damping adjustment unit; 5. Three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module; 51. Multi-point flexible displacement compensation matrix; 52. Tower attitude fine-tuning unit; 6. Intelligent control core module; 7. Grid remote collaborative interaction module; 8. Transmission tower body. Detailed Implementation

[0091] Example 1: Supporting device for UHV transmission towers crossing live faults using angle steel.

[0092] This embodiment is designed for a 1000kV ultra-high voltage angle steel transmission tower traversing the Longmenshan active fault (foundation spans the upper and lower plates of the fault, maximum expected fault displacement 80mm, seismic fortification intensity VIII, tower height 62m), equipped with this adaptive buffer control device. The detailed parameters of each module are as follows:

[0093] The fault foundation base module 1 has upper and lower plate bearing caps with dimensions of 4000mm×4000mm×600mm, made of C40 impermeable concrete, with a preset sliding gap of 100mm; 8 sets of spiral leveling supports with an adjustment range of 0–60mm; 12 pre-embedded anti-pull-out anchors with a single bearing capacity of 900kN; and a 2mm thick geomembrane wrapped around the outside of the bearing cap.

[0094] The tower positioning and support module 2 features a flexible pressure-bearing base made of Q355B cast steel, adapted to the 800mm×800mm foot plate at the bottom of the tower; 4 sets of adaptive positioning lugs with built-in HBM miniature pressure sensors and a warning threshold of 120kN; 6 sets of polyurethane elastic pressure holding units with cylinder model SC80×60; and 4-channel distributed pressure sensors with a range of 0–1000kN.

[0095] Multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module 3 Fault dislocation monitoring unit: 4 Keyence IL-1000 laser three-dimensional displacement sensors, X / Y / Z range 0–100mm, accuracy ±0.5μm; 12 sets of fiber optic strain gauges pre-embedded along the fault fracture zone; Seismic vibration monitoring unit: 5 PCB356A16 triaxial accelerometers, frequency response 0.5–5000Hz; Kistler9257B three-dimensional piezoelectric force sensor embedded in the base; Tower deformation stress unit: 3 sets of biaxial tilt sensors with a range of ±15°, 10 BX120 metal strain gauges bonded to the main tower body; Geological monitoring unit: infrared temperature and humidity, pore water pressure gauge sampling frequency 10Hz.

[0096] High and low frequency coordinated buffering and vibration suppression module 4: Piezoelectric high frequency damping group 41: 8 PIP-887 piezoelectric actuators, maximum thrust 300kN, displacement 0–40μm, equipped with E-809 high voltage power supply 0–1000VDC; Hydraulic large stroke buffer unit 42: 4 sets of servo hydraulic cylinders, stroke 0–100mm, thrust 1000kN, spherical flexible mandrel with built-in 0–100kN pressure sensor; Electromagnetic damping unit 43: LordRD-9000 electromagnetic damper, damping coefficient 0–80N・s / m continuously adjustable.

[0097] 5. Three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module 5. Multi-point flexible compensation matrix 51: 10 sets of Panasonic micro servo supports, stroke 0–30mm, adjustment accuracy ±0.5μm; Tower attitude fine-tuning unit 52: 4 Thomson bidirectional electric actuators, stroke 0–80mm, thrust 600kN; Tower-line collaborative compensation interface 53: Beckhoff EK1100 EtherCAT bus, connecting to the UHV line online monitoring platform.

[0098] The intelligent control core module 6 uses the NIPXIe-6368 data acquisition card, which is 16-bit and has a sampling rate of 1MS / s; the controller adopts the Siemens S7-1511CPLC+SIMOTIOND435 motion controller; the algorithm unit is equipped with a BP neural network trained with 1200 sets of fault slip and VIII-degree earthquake conditions; a 10-inch Weintek explosion-proof touch screen and a SANTAK C1K UPS backup power supply.

[0099] The power grid remote collaborative interaction module 7 uses EtherCAT bus 100Mbps transmission and LoRa wireless backup for long-distance transmission; the synchronization timing unit is synchronized with the line insulator tension monitoring clock, with a synchronization error ≤0.5ms.

[0100] Example 1 Working Process

[0101] A magnitude VIII pulse-type earthquake occurred in the fault region, generating a 62mm horizontal strike-slip and an 18mm vertical dip-slip three-dimensional dislocation. Multi-source sensing modules collected real-time data on the dislocation displacement, tower vibration amplitude (12μm), and tower tilt (0.42°). The data was then processed by Kalman filtering and fed into the algorithm unit.

[0102] The neural network predicted that the fault slip would increase to 75 mm in the next 0.4 seconds, and the damping coefficient of the hydraulic buffer cylinder was pre-adjusted to 60 N·s / m.

[0103] High-frequency vibration suppression: The piezoresistive damping group synchronously outputs a reverse displacement of 3.8μm, and the vibration amplitude drops to 4.2μm within 0.3s;

[0104] Large fault displacement buffer: The hydraulic buffer cylinders in the X / Y / Z directions extend synchronously with corresponding 62mm and 18mm compensation strokes to flexibly support the relative sliding of the upper and lower plate bearings and dissipate the fault impact energy.

[0105] Three-dimensional dislocation compensation: The flexible compensation matrix differentiates the lifting amount of the support pier, and the electric push rod at the bottom of the tower pushes and pulls in the opposite direction to correct the deviation. The tilt of the tower body is reduced from 0.42° to 0.25°, which meets the safety threshold.

[0106] The system continuously implements closed-loop iterative control until the earthquake ends, at which point the device automatically resets and uploads the maximum fault dislocation, peak tower stress, and full vibration data to the regional power grid dispatch platform.

[0107] Example 1: Verification of Results

[0108] Through shaking table fault dislocation coupling seismic simulation test: the maximum vibration amplitude of the tower body was controlled within 5μm, the tensile and shear stress of the foundation abutment decreased by 72%, the tower body tilt stability was ≤0.3°, and the strain of the main tower material was reduced by 63%; under the same fault slip condition, the residual deformation of the tower body of the traditional passive spring damping device exceeded 30μm, while the residual deformation of this device was only 4.6μm, with no risk of foundation cracking or anchor bolt damage.

[0109] Example 2: Adaptation device for 110kV steel pipe transmission towers crossing faults in mountainous areas

[0110] For 110kV steel pipe towers with shallow buried active faults in mountainous areas (maximum fault displacement 50mm, seismic fortification intensity VII), lightweight adaptation adjustments are made based on Example 1:

[0111] Fault foundation base module: The size of the foundation is reduced to 2800mm×2800mm×500mm, the sliding gap is 60mm, and there are 8 pull-out anchors;

[0112] Collaborative buffering and vibration damping module: piezoelectric actuators are reduced to 6 sets, hydraulic buffer cylinders are simplified to 3 sets, and the maximum thrust is 600kN;

[0113] Three-dimensional compensation module: The flexible compensation matrix is ​​adjusted to 8 sets of servo supports, and the electric push rod thrust is reduced to 400kN;

[0114] Sensing and monitoring module: The number of laser displacement sensors is reduced to 3, and the number of fiber optic strain gauges is 6, which can be adapted to the load of small and medium tonnage steel pipe towers; the rest of the control logic and closed-loop control process are completely consistent with Example 1, which can control the plastic deformation of steel pipe towers caused by fault dislocation within 8μm, and meet the seismic protection requirements of power transmission towers in mountainous areas.

[0115] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art, inspired by this description, design similar structural methods and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of a cross-fault transmission tower, characterized in that: It includes a fault foundation base module, a tower positioning and support module, a multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module, a high- and low-frequency coordinated buffering and vibration suppression module, a three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module, an intelligent control core module, and a power grid remote collaborative interaction module. Each module is interconnected with a shielded signal bus through a pre-embedded mechanical structure, forming a transmission tower seismic protection system with multi-source coupled sensing, high- and low-frequency coordinated energy consumption, three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation, intelligent closed-loop control, and remote power grid linkage. The fault foundation base module is embedded in the soil of the upper and lower walls of the fault and serves as the overall bearing benchmark for the device. It includes foundation platforms, sliding guide structures, pull-out anchoring structures, and leveling support structures respectively located on the upper and lower walls of the fault. A sliding gap is reserved between the foundation platforms of the upper and lower walls to allow for three-dimensional displacement. The tower positioning and support module is erected on the top of the upper foundation platform and is equipped with a flexible positioning and pressure-bearing structure for the base plate of the transmission tower. The multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module is signal-connected to the intelligent control core module and configured with a multi-source data acquisition and data noise reduction transmission structure. The high- and low-frequency coordinated buffer and vibration suppression module integrates a high-frequency vibration suppression structure and a low-frequency large displacement buffer structure. The three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module is configured with a basic offset compensation structure, a tower attitude adjustment structure, and a transmission line linkage compensation structure. The intelligent control core module is the device control center, equipped with a multi-source data fusion unit and an adaptive control algorithm unit, to construct a closed-loop adaptive control architecture for seismic dislocation conditions. The power grid remote collaborative interaction module configuration device establishes a two-way data interconnection structure between the power grid monitoring platform and the power grid monitoring platform.

2. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower foundation platforms of the fault foundation base module are made of impermeable and crack-resistant reinforced concrete structures, with anti-corrosion and anti-seepage protection structures on the outside; the sliding guide structure is located at the joint of the upper and lower foundation platforms and is equipped with low-friction and friction-reducing components, which limit the sliding of the foundation platform along the three-dimensional direction of the fault; the pull-out anchoring structure is embedded in the fault soil in multiple layers; the leveling support structure is assembled at the bottom of the foundation platform; the foundation platform has a reserved cable pre-embedded channel, and the channel port is equipped with a waterproof sealing structure.

3. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tower positioning and support module includes a flexible pressure-bearing base, symmetrically arranged adaptive positioning lugs, a multi-point elastic pressing unit, and a distributed load sensing component. The top of the flexible pressure-bearing base is provided with a positioning structure that matches the tower base plate, and the bottom is slidably engaged with the foundation sliding guide structure. The adaptive positioning lugs have built-in pressure sensing components and are equipped with a stress over-limit early warning structure. The multi-point elastic pressing unit is a flexible pressing structure. The distributed load sensing component is located between the pressure-bearing base and the upper plate support.

4. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source fault dislocation sensing and monitoring module includes a fault dislocation monitoring unit, a seismic vibration monitoring unit, a tower deformation stress unit, and a geological environment monitoring unit. The fault dislocation monitoring unit includes a non-contact three-dimensional displacement sensing structure and a soil strain sensing array. The earthquake vibration monitoring unit includes a multi-directional acceleration sensing structure and a force sensing structure deployed at multiple points. The tower deformation stress unit includes an angle sensing structure and a strain sensing structure. The geological environment monitoring unit is equipped with environmental parameter acquisition sensors; the multi-source sensing module is equipped with a unified data acquisition unit and a filtering and noise reduction processing unit, and is communicatively connected to the intelligent control core module.

5. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high- and low-frequency coordinated buffering and vibration suppression module includes a piezoelectric high-frequency damping group, a hydraulic long-stroke buffer unit, and an electromagnetic dynamic damping adjustment unit; the piezoelectric high-frequency damping group is a piezoelectric actuation response structure; the hydraulic long-stroke buffer unit is arranged along the three-dimensional direction of the fault and is equipped with a long-stroke displacement buffer structure; the electromagnetic dynamic damping adjustment unit is assembled with the hydraulic buffer structure and is equipped with a continuously adjustable damping coefficient structure.

6. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional adaptive dislocation compensation module includes a multi-point flexible displacement compensation matrix, a tower attitude fine-tuning unit, and a tower-line collaborative compensation interface; the multi-point flexible displacement compensation matrix is ​​an array-type independent servo adjustment structure; the tower attitude fine-tuning unit is hinged to the base plate of the tower; the tower-line collaborative compensation interface is an industrial bus communication structure that interfaces with the signal of the power transmission line adjustment equipment.

7. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control core module adopts a dual-controller collaborative architecture, corresponding to equipment logic management and multi-mechanism motion synchronization control respectively; the intelligent control core module has a built-in multi-algorithm fusion processing unit, integrating signal noise reduction, working condition recognition, adaptive control and neural network prediction model; the intelligent control core module is configured with a multi-path independent power supply structure and a human-machine interaction structure.

8. The adaptive buffering and control device for seismic dislocation data of cross-fault transmission towers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power grid remote collaborative interaction module includes an industrial bus communication unit, a synchronization timing control unit, and a wireless backup remote transmission unit; the industrial bus communication unit is adapted to the State Grid standardized monitoring system; the synchronization timing control unit is configured with a timing synchronization calibration structure; and the wireless backup remote transmission unit is configured with a local data cache and offline retransmission structure.

9. A control method for the adaptive buffer control device for seismic dislocation data of a cross-fault transmission tower as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-installation and debugging phase: Complete the pre-installation of each module and zero-point calibration of the sensors, set the equipment operating threshold, and complete the initialization of the intelligent algorithm model; S2, Normal Monitoring Phase: Under seismic-free conditions, the multi-source sensor module continuously collects monitoring data, the intelligent control module performs data storage and trend prediction, and each actuator is in a low-power standby state. S3, Seismic Closed-Loop Adaptive Control Stage: Under seismic conditions, the system collects multi-source coupled monitoring data, completes condition identification and deformation trend prediction after noise reduction processing, and simultaneously executes high-frequency vibration suppression, fault displacement buffering, foundation displacement compensation, tower attitude correction, and line parameter adjustment operations. The control parameters are updated in a closed loop until the earthquake and fault displacement terminate. S4. Post-earthquake reset and data archiving stage: After the earthquake, all actuators are reset to the baseline state, and the system stores the operation data during the earthquake and uploads it to the power grid monitoring platform.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control method includes steps such as full-band vibration suppression, three-dimensional dislocation adaptive compensation, tower attitude control, and conductor tension collaborative correction.

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