A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611149084.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
AI Technical Summary
部分被动减震产品采用橡胶阻尼器、液压缓冲器或弹簧隔振基座等纯机械构件，对不同频率、不同工况下的振动抑制效果差异显著——其仅能覆盖低频固定频段，对高速换向及多轴联动耦合产生的中高频振动抑制几乎失效，且长时间加工后因发热、磨损导致性能衰减严重，无法实现动态适配；有的传统主动控制系统依赖“单一传感器+固定参数控制器”的简易架构，软硬件协同性差，控制响应延迟普遍超过20ms，易出现振动补偿滞后或过补偿问题，同时其控制参数为出厂固化值，无法根据刀具磨损、工件材质变化、热变形等动态工况实时调整，导致多轴联动时轴间耦合振动无法有效解耦抑制，引发共振、轨迹偏移及工件表面振纹；还有些系统的主动减震单元在高频工作时涡流热累积严重、电磁干扰超标，能耗高且长期稳定性差，缺乏温度闭环补偿与磁滞修正机制，影响系统持续可靠运行
1、本发明提供一种用于多轴数控的振动控制系统，通过多通道分布式传感单元并行采集各轴振动、温度、转速数据，配合多轴振动耦合解耦软件模块实现各轴独立振动与耦合振动的精准拆分，结合全频段振动抑制调控软件模块对低频、中频、高频振动实施分级精准抑制，并利用闭环反馈补偿软件模块进行实时微调与热漂移补偿，同时采用工业级FPGA核心控制单元将系统控制响应总延迟压缩至5ms以内，解决了现有技术减震频段窄、多轴耦合振动无法有效抑制、控制滞后严重、热漂移导致精度衰减以及加工效率低的问题。
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Figure CN122883701A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of vibration control technology for CNC machine tools, and in particular to a vibration control system for multi-axis CNC. Background Technology
[0002] In multi-axis CNC machining, the vibration control system, as a key auxiliary unit ensuring machining accuracy and surface quality, plays an indispensable role in suppressing multi-dimensional coupled vibrations generated during the linkage of the machine tool spindle, feed axis, and rotary table. Its working principle is based on the synergy of vibration detection and active / passive suppression technologies: sensors collect vibration signals from key parts of the machine tool, and the controller generates control commands based on preset or adaptive algorithms, driving the actuators to output damping forces to offset or absorb vibration energy, thereby stabilizing the cutting process. When the CNC system performs high-speed cutting, surface milling, or machining of irregular holes, the vibration control system can respond to changes in working conditions in real time, reducing amplitude and avoiding chatter. It is widely used in high-end precision machining fields such as complex aerospace structural parts, precision molds, medical device components, and high-precision automotive irregular parts, and is an important technical support for ensuring the efficient and stable operation of multi-axis CNC equipment.
[0003] Currently, although there are some passive vibration damping structures and traditional active vibration control systems on the market, there are still obvious technical bottlenecks. Some passive vibration damping products use purely mechanical components such as rubber dampers, hydraulic buffers, or spring vibration isolation bases, resulting in significant differences in vibration suppression effects under different frequencies and operating conditions. They can only cover low-frequency fixed frequency bands and are almost ineffective in suppressing mid-to-high frequency vibrations generated by high-speed commutation and multi-axis linkage coupling. Moreover, their performance degrades severely due to heat generation and wear after long-term processing, making dynamic adaptation impossible. Some traditional active control systems rely on a simple architecture of "single sensor + fixed parameter controller," resulting in poor hardware and software coordination and control response delays generally exceeding 20ms. This easily leads to vibration compensation lag or overcompensation problems. At the same time, their control parameters are factory-fixed values and cannot be adjusted in real time according to dynamic operating conditions such as tool wear, workpiece material changes, and thermal deformation. This results in the inability to effectively decouple and suppress inter-axis coupled vibrations during multi-axis linkage, causing resonance, trajectory deviation, and workpiece surface rippling. Some active vibration damping units in other systems suffer from severe eddy current heat accumulation and excessive electromagnetic interference during high-frequency operation. They also have high energy consumption and poor long-term stability, lacking temperature closed-loop compensation and hysteresis correction mechanisms, which affects the continuous and reliable operation of the system. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control, comprising a multi-channel distributed sensing unit, a core numerical control control unit, a multi-axis independent drive execution unit, auxiliary hardware modules, and a software system mounted on the core numerical control control unit; the software system includes a multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module, a multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module, an AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, a full-frequency band vibration suppression and control software module, and a closed-loop feedback compensation software module; The output terminals of the multi-channel distributed sensing unit are respectively connected to the acquisition input terminals of the core CNC control unit; the drive output terminal of the core CNC control unit is connected to the control terminal of the multi-axis independent drive execution unit; the auxiliary hardware module is electrically connected to the core control unit and the multi-axis independent drive execution unit; the software system is embedded in and runs in the memory of the core CNC control unit. The multi-channel distributed sensing unit is used to collect vibration data, temperature data and speed data of each motion axis of the multi-axis CNC equipment in parallel; The core CNC control unit receives data from the sensing unit and runs the software system to generate independent control commands for each axis. The multi-axis independent drive execution unit receives the control command and outputs independent damping compensation force for each axis; The system forms a hardware and software collaborative closed-loop control link consisting of data acquisition, vibration decoupling, parameter self-tuning, vibration suppression, and closed-loop compensation.
[0006] Preferably, the multi-channel distributed sensing unit includes multiple vibration acceleration sensors respectively installed on the lead screw support, spindle end, and rotary table mounting surface of each axis, digital temperature sensors installed on the spindle and the transmission parts of each axis, and speed acquisition sensors installed on each feed axis; all sensors are connected one-to-one to the acquisition interface of the core CNC control unit through shielded high-speed signal lines to realize parallel synchronous acquisition of multi-axis data.
[0007] Preferably, the core CNC control unit is a hardware master controller, with a built-in industrial-grade high-speed FPGA computing chip, a data cache module, and a bus communication module; the bus communication module communicates bidirectionally with the CNC system host to synchronize machining trajectory and working condition data.
[0008] Preferably, the multi-axis independent drive execution unit includes a high-precision electromagnetic damping actuator and a linear drive module matched with each axis, which are respectively installed on the transmission mechanism of each axis and the vibration damping point of the spindle; the input end of the linear drive module is independently connected to the output interface of the core CNC control unit, and the output end of the linear drive module is connected to the corresponding electromagnetic damping actuator, so as to realize the independent control of a single axis and the coordinated control of multiple axes.
[0009] Preferably, the auxiliary hardware module includes a heat dissipation and temperature control module, a power supply voltage regulation module, and a signal isolation module; the heat dissipation and temperature control module, the power supply voltage regulation module, and the signal isolation module are electrically connected to the core control unit and the multi-axis independent drive execution unit, respectively, to ensure stable system operation and reduce the impact of thermal drift and electromagnetic interference on vibration control accuracy.
[0010] Preferably, the multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module is connected to the multi-channel distributed sensing unit to perform noise reduction, filtering and synchronous calibration on the raw acquired data, and to remove environmental and electromagnetic interference noise. The multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module is used to split and decouple the pre-processed multi-axis vibration signal, separate the independent vibration components of each axis from the inter-axis coupled vibration components, and identify the vibration type and frequency band.
[0011] Preferably, the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module has a built-in lightweight machine learning model, which is used to compare historical machining data with the current dynamic working conditions in real time. Combined with tool wear, temperature drift and speed change parameters, it dynamically iterates and optimizes the vibration compensation parameters and damping control coefficients of each axis to achieve real-time self-tuning of parameters that are adaptive to working conditions.
[0012] Preferably, the full-band vibration suppression and control software module generates dedicated vibration control commands for each axis based on the decoupling results output by the multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module and the adaptive parameters output by the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module for vibrations in different frequency bands; wherein, a large damping steady-state compensation strategy is adopted for low-frequency vibrations, a dynamic following compensation strategy is adopted for mid-frequency vibrations, and a fast pulse cancellation compensation strategy is adopted for high-frequency flutter.
[0013] Preferably, the closed-loop feedback compensation software module collects vibration feedback data from the processing process in real time, compares the preset accuracy threshold with the actual vibration deviation, dynamically fine-tunes the control parameters, and combines temperature sensing data for thermal drift compensation to correct actuator output errors, forming a long-term closed-loop high-precision vibration control; the core CNC control unit adopts an industrial-grade FPGA chip and a high-speed parallel bus, with a total system control response delay ≤5ms; the multi-channel distributed sensing unit adopts shielded twisted-pair cable and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, with a signal transmission delay ≤1ms; the multi-axis independent drive execution unit adopts a fast electromagnetic damper, with an actuator response time ≤3ms.
[0014] Preferably, the core CNC control unit is bidirectionally connected to the CNC system host via a high-speed bus to receive machining trajectory and cutting parameters, and to provide feedback on vibration control status. Based on the received machining trajectory and cutting parameters, the software system presets or dynamically adjusts the initial model and parameter boundaries for working condition matching in the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, thereby achieving coordination between vibration control and the CNC machining process.
[0015] Compared with related technologies, the vibration control system for multi-axis CNC provided by the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention provides a vibration control system for multi-axis CNC. It uses a multi-channel distributed sensing unit to collect vibration, temperature, and speed data of each axis in parallel. Combined with a multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module, it can accurately separate the independent vibration and coupled vibration of each axis. Combined with a full-band vibration suppression and control software module, it can implement graded and precise suppression of low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency vibrations. It also uses a closed-loop feedback compensation software module for real-time fine-tuning and thermal drift compensation. At the same time, it uses an industrial-grade FPGA core control unit to compress the total system control response delay to less than 5ms. This invention solves the problems of narrow vibration reduction frequency band, ineffective suppression of multi-axis coupled vibration, severe control lag, accuracy decay caused by thermal drift, and low processing efficiency in existing technologies.
[0016] 2. This invention provides a vibration control system for multi-axis CNC. Through the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module with a built-in lightweight machine learning model, it compares historical machining data with the current dynamic working conditions in real time. Combining parameters such as tool wear, temperature drift, and speed change, it dynamically and iteratively optimizes the damping compensation coefficient and gain parameters of each axis. At the same time, the core CNC control unit communicates bidirectionally with the CNC system host through a high-speed bus to obtain the machining trajectory and cutting parameters in advance to achieve proactive prediction and collaborative control. This solves the problems of traditional control systems where parameters are fixed and cannot adapt to dynamic working conditions, lack adaptive parameter tuning capabilities, are complex to manually debug, and have poor software and hardware coordination.
[0017] 3. This invention provides a vibration control system for multi-axis CNC. By using a heat dissipation and temperature control module, a power supply voltage regulation module, and a signal isolation module in the auxiliary hardware module to reduce heat accumulation and electromagnetic interference, and in conjunction with an AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, it simultaneously optimizes energy consumption strategies and achieves on-demand output of damping force while performing vibration control. Furthermore, it adopts a modular hardware and software architecture (supporting the addition of axis decoupling algorithm templates through software and the expansion of sensing and execution channels through hardware), which solves the problems of high energy consumption, large vibration wear of equipment and tools, high operation and maintenance costs, and poor adaptability when the system is expanded to more axes in traditional active vibration reduction systems. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the composition and relationships of the software system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware and software system architecture of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the hardware system architecture of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the software functional modules of the present invention; Figure 5This is an extended flowchart of the multi-channel distributed sensing unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an extended flowchart of the core numerical control control unit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an extended flowchart of the multi-axis independent drive execution unit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] Please see Figures 1-7 This invention provides a technical solution: a vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control, comprising a multi-channel distributed sensing unit, a core numerical control control unit, a multi-axis independent drive execution unit, auxiliary hardware modules, and a software system mounted on the core numerical control control unit; the software system includes a multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module, a multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module, an AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, a full-frequency vibration suppression and control software module, and a closed-loop feedback compensation software module; The output terminals of the multi-channel distributed sensing unit are respectively connected to the acquisition input terminals of the core CNC control unit; the drive output terminal of the core CNC control unit is connected to the control terminal of the multi-axis independent drive execution unit; the auxiliary hardware module is electrically connected to the core control unit and the multi-axis independent drive execution unit; the software system is embedded and runs in the memory of the core CNC control unit; The multi-channel distributed sensing unit is used to collect vibration data, temperature data and speed data of each motion axis of a multi-axis CNC equipment in parallel; The core CNC control unit receives data from the sensing unit and runs the software system to generate independent control commands for each axis; The multi-axis independent drive actuator receives control commands and outputs independent damping compensation forces for each axis; The system forms a hardware and software collaborative closed-loop control link consisting of data acquisition, vibration decoupling, parameter self-tuning, vibration suppression, and closed-loop compensation.
[0021] In this implementation scheme, after the system is powered on, it enters a five-stage closed-loop workflow: First, the multi-channel distributed sensing unit collects vibration, temperature, and speed data of each axis in parallel at a sampling frequency of 10kHz, and transmits them to the core CNC control unit via a high-speed bus; second, the multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module of the software system performs noise reduction filtering, and the multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module separates the coupled vibration into independent components and coupled components of each axis; then, the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module dynamically optimizes the damping compensation coefficient according to the current working conditions; next, the full-band vibration suppression and control software module generates exclusive vibration control commands for each axis, driving the execution unit to output damping compensation force; finally, the closed-loop feedback compensation software module continuously compares the vibration deviation and fine-tunes the parameters to form a full closed-loop control.
[0022] The multi-channel distributed sensing unit includes multiple vibration acceleration sensors respectively installed on the lead screw support, spindle end, and rotary table mounting surface of each axis; digital temperature sensors installed on the spindle and the transmission parts of each axis; and speed acquisition sensors installed on each feed axis. All sensors are connected one-to-one to the acquisition interface of the core CNC control unit through shielded high-speed signal lines to realize parallel and synchronous acquisition of multi-axis data. In this implementation plan, taking a five-axis CNC machine as an example, high-precision triaxial vibration acceleration sensors are installed at the X, Y, and Z axis lead screw support ends, the A / B axis rotary table bearing end faces, and the spindle end. The sensor sampling frequency is set to 10kHz, with a measurement accuracy of ±0.001g. Digital temperature sensors are installed at the spindle and each axis transmission part, with a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃. Speed acquisition sensors are installed at each feed axis to collect feed speed data in real time. All sensors are connected to the core controller via shielded twisted-pair cables, with a signal transmission delay of ≤1ms, enabling parallel and synchronous acquisition of five-axis data.
[0023] The core CNC control unit is a hardware master controller, with built-in industrial-grade high-speed FPGA computing chip, data cache module and bus communication module; the bus communication module communicates bidirectionally with the CNC system host to synchronize machining trajectory and working condition data; In this implementation scheme, the core control unit adopts an industrial-grade FPGA main control chip with a built-in 256M high-speed cache, supports multi-channel data parallel operation, and has a hardware operation latency of ≤2ms; it is equipped with a high-speed CAN bus communication module to interact with the CNC host in real time with machining trajectory and cutting parameter data, with a communication latency of ≤1ms; it reserves multiple expansion interfaces to adapt to the upgrade of six-axis and above multi-axis equipment.
[0024] The multi-axis independent drive actuator includes a high-precision electromagnetic damping actuator and a linear drive module that are matched with each axis, and are respectively installed at the transmission mechanism of each axis and the vibration damping point of the spindle; the input end of the linear drive module is independently connected to the output interface of the core CNC control unit, and the output end of the linear drive module is connected to the corresponding electromagnetic damping actuator, so as to realize the independent control of a single axis and the coordinated control of multiple axes. In this implementation scheme, each axis is equipped with a high-precision electromagnetic damping actuator. The actuator response time is ≤3ms, and the output damping force is continuously adjustable from 0-50N. The actuator is fixed to the core vibration suppression point of each axis by bolts, and fits seamlessly with the transmission mechanism to ensure accurate transmission of vibration compensation force. The linear drive module independently receives the PWM control signal from the core control unit and converts it into drive current, so that each axis can independently obtain the optimal damping force. At the same time, multiple axes can achieve linkage suppression through the coordinated commands of the core control unit.
[0025] The auxiliary hardware modules include a heat dissipation and temperature control module, a power supply voltage regulator module, and a signal isolation module. The heat dissipation and temperature control module, the power supply voltage regulator module, and the signal isolation module are electrically connected to the core control unit and the multi-axis independent drive execution unit, respectively, to ensure stable system operation and reduce the impact of thermal drift and electromagnetic interference on vibration control accuracy. In this implementation scheme, an intelligent heat dissipation module is installed, which automatically starts graded heat dissipation when the system temperature is ≥45℃; the output voltage fluctuation of the power supply voltage regulation module is ≤±0.1V, which, together with the signal isolation module, completely eliminates the influence of electromagnetic interference on the acquisition and control signals, ensuring the purity of sensing signals and control commands under high-frequency and high-current conditions.
[0026] The multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module interfaces with a multi-channel distributed sensing unit to perform noise reduction, filtering, and synchronous calibration on the raw acquired data, eliminating environmental and electromagnetic interference noise. The multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module is used to split and decouple the pre-processed multi-axis vibration signal, separate the independent vibration components of each axis from the inter-axis coupled vibration components, and identify the vibration type and frequency band. In this implementation scheme, the multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module employs an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm to denoise the raw data, eliminating environmental and electromagnetic interference noise while retaining effective vibration characteristic signals. The data preprocessing time is ≤1ms. The multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module incorporates a five-axis vibration coupling mathematical model. Through a matrix decoupling algorithm, it separates the independent vibration components of each axis (X, Y, Z, A, B) from the inter-axis coupled vibration components, accurately identifying three vibration types: low-frequency structural vibration (<200Hz), mid-frequency feed vibration (200-800Hz), and high-frequency cutting chatter (>800Hz). The decoupling accuracy is ≥98%.
[0027] The AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module has a built-in lightweight machine learning model that compares historical machining data with the current dynamic working conditions in real time. It combines parameters such as tool wear, temperature drift, and speed change to dynamically iterate and optimize the vibration compensation parameters and damping control coefficients of each axis, thereby achieving real-time parameter self-tuning that is adaptive to the working conditions. In this implementation plan, the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module incorporates a lightweight machine learning model that matches the current machining conditions in real time, compares with a massive amount of built-in machining sample data, and dynamically updates the damping compensation coefficients, gain parameters, and frequency thresholds for each axis, achieving adaptive control where "parameters automatically change as the working conditions change." The model update cycle is ≤50ms, ensuring a rapid response to sudden tool wear or thermal deformation.
[0028] The full-band vibration suppression and control software module generates exclusive vibration control commands for each axis based on the decoupling results output by the multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module and the adaptive parameters output by the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module for vibrations in different frequency bands. Among them, a large damping steady-state compensation strategy is adopted for low-frequency vibration, a dynamic following compensation strategy is adopted for mid-frequency vibration, and a fast pulse cancellation compensation strategy is adopted for high-frequency flutter. In this implementation scheme, when the decoupling result is low-frequency structural vibration, the full-band vibration suppression and control software module adopts a large-damping steady-state compensation strategy to output a continuous and large-amplitude damping force to suppress resonance; when it is mid-frequency feed vibration, a dynamic following compensation strategy is adopted to output a damping force that is opposite in phase to the vibration waveform and matches the amplitude in real time; when it is high-frequency cutting chatter, a fast pulse cancellation compensation strategy is adopted to output a spike pulse damping force within half a cycle at the beginning of chatter to quickly interrupt the self-excited vibration establishment process.
[0029] The closed-loop feedback compensation software module collects vibration feedback data from the machining process in real time, compares the preset accuracy threshold with the actual vibration deviation, dynamically fine-tunes the control parameters, and combines temperature sensor data for thermal drift compensation to correct actuator output errors, forming a long-term closed-loop high-precision vibration control. The core CNC control unit uses an industrial-grade FPGA chip and a high-speed parallel bus, with a total system control response delay of ≤5ms. The multi-channel distributed sensing unit uses shielded twisted-pair cables and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, with a signal transmission delay of ≤1ms. The multi-axis independent drive actuator unit uses fast electromagnetic dampers, with an actuator response time of ≤3ms. In this implementation scheme, the system collects vibration feedback data during the processing in real time. The closed-loop feedback compensation software module performs an accuracy comparison every 20ms. When the vibration deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the control parameters are immediately fine-tuned. Simultaneously, combined with temperature sensor data, the actuator output error is corrected through a preset thermal drift model. Actual testing shows that the overall system control response delay is ≤5ms, and there is no accuracy drift during long-term continuous operation for 24 hours.
[0030] The core CNC control unit is bidirectionally connected to the CNC system host via a high-speed bus to receive machining trajectories and cutting parameters, and to provide feedback on vibration control status. Based on the received machining trajectories and cutting parameters, the software system presets or dynamically adjusts the initial model and parameter boundaries for working condition matching in the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, thereby achieving coordination between vibration control and the CNC machining process. In this implementation scheme, the core CNC control unit obtains forward-looking information such as feed rate, spindle speed, depth of cut, and toolpath from the CNC system host via a high-speed bus. The software system uses this information to pre-set initial working condition labels and parameter boundaries in the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, avoiding control lag caused by sudden parameter changes. Simultaneously, the system feeds back real-time vibration suppression effects and energy consumption status to the CNC host, enabling it to optimize machining strategies and achieve deep synergy between vibration control and CNC machining.
[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.
[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control, characterized in that: It includes a multi-channel distributed sensing unit, a core CNC control unit, a multi-axis independent drive execution unit, auxiliary hardware modules, and a software system mounted on the core CNC control unit; the software system includes a multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module, a multi-axis vibration coupling decoupling software module, an AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, a full-frequency band vibration suppression and control software module, and a closed-loop feedback compensation software module; The output terminals of the multi-channel distributed sensing unit are respectively connected to the acquisition input terminals of the core CNC control unit; the drive output terminal of the core CNC control unit is connected to the control terminal of the multi-axis independent drive execution unit; the auxiliary hardware module is electrically connected to the core control unit and the multi-axis independent drive execution unit; the software system is embedded in and runs in the memory of the core CNC control unit. The multi-channel distributed sensing unit is used to collect vibration data, temperature data and speed data of each motion axis of the multi-axis CNC equipment in parallel; The core CNC control unit receives data from the sensing unit and runs the software system to generate independent control commands for each axis. The multi-axis independent drive execution unit receives the control command and outputs independent damping compensation force for each axis; The system forms a hardware and software collaborative closed-loop control link consisting of data acquisition, vibration decoupling, parameter self-tuning, vibration suppression, and closed-loop compensation.
2. The vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel distributed sensing unit includes multiple vibration acceleration sensors respectively installed on the lead screw support, spindle end, and rotary table mounting surface of each axis, digital temperature sensors installed on the spindle and the transmission parts of each axis, and speed acquisition sensors installed on each feed axis; all sensors are connected one-to-one to the acquisition interface of the core CNC control unit through shielded high-speed signal lines to realize parallel synchronous acquisition of multi-axis data.
3. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core CNC control unit is a hardware master controller, with a built-in industrial-grade high-speed FPGA computing chip, data cache module and bus communication module; the bus communication module communicates bidirectionally with the CNC system host to synchronize machining trajectory and working condition data.
4. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-axis independent drive execution unit includes a high-precision electromagnetic damping actuator and a linear drive module matched with each axis, which are respectively installed at the transmission mechanism of each axis and the vibration damping point of the spindle; the input end of the linear drive module is independently connected to the output interface of the core CNC control unit, and the output end of the linear drive module is connected to the corresponding electromagnetic damping actuator, so as to realize the independent control of a single axis and the coordinated control of multiple axes.
5. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary hardware module includes a heat dissipation and temperature control module, a power supply voltage regulation module, and a signal isolation module. The heat dissipation and temperature control module, the power supply voltage regulation module, and the signal isolation module are electrically connected to the core control unit and the multi-axis independent drive execution unit, respectively, to ensure stable system operation and reduce the impact of thermal drift and electromagnetic interference on vibration control accuracy.
6. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-axis data acquisition and preprocessing software module interfaces with the multi-channel distributed sensing unit to perform noise reduction, filtering and synchronous calibration on the raw acquired data, and to remove environmental and electromagnetic interference noise. The multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module is used to split and decouple the pre-processed multi-axis vibration signal, separate the independent vibration components of each axis from the inter-axis coupled vibration components, and identify the vibration type and frequency band.
7. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module incorporates a lightweight machine learning model, which compares historical machining data with the current dynamic working conditions in real time. Combining parameters such as tool wear, temperature drift, and speed change, it dynamically iterates and optimizes the vibration compensation parameters and damping control coefficients of each axis, thereby achieving real-time parameter self-tuning that is adaptive to the working conditions.
8. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full-band vibration suppression and control software module generates dedicated vibration control commands for each axis based on the decoupling results output by the multi-axis vibration coupling and decoupling software module and the adaptive parameters output by the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module for vibrations in different frequency bands. Specifically, a large-damping steady-state compensation strategy is adopted for low-frequency vibrations, a dynamic following compensation strategy is adopted for mid-frequency vibrations, and a fast pulse cancellation compensation strategy is adopted for high-frequency flutter.
9. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The closed-loop feedback compensation software module collects vibration feedback data from the machining process in real time, compares the preset accuracy threshold with the actual vibration deviation, dynamically fine-tunes the control parameters, and combines temperature sensing data for thermal drift compensation to correct actuator output errors, forming a long-term closed-loop high-precision vibration control. The core CNC control unit uses an industrial-grade FPGA chip and a high-speed parallel bus, with a total system control response delay of ≤5ms. The multi-channel distributed sensing unit uses shielded twisted-pair cable and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion, with a signal transmission delay of ≤1ms. The multi-axis independent drive actuator unit uses a fast electromagnetic damper, with an actuator response time of ≤3ms.
10. A vibration control system for multi-axis numerical control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core CNC control unit is bidirectionally connected to the CNC system host via a high-speed bus to receive machining trajectories and cutting parameters, and to provide feedback on vibration control status. Based on the received machining trajectories and cutting parameters, the software system presets or dynamically adjusts the initial model and parameter boundaries for working condition matching in the AI adaptive parameter self-tuning software module, thereby achieving coordination between vibration control and the CNC machining process.