A mine dry-wet mixed multi-stage dust removal purification process and a control system thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to mine dust removal technical field, disclose a kind of mine dry-wet mixed multistage dust removal purification process and control system, process includes: calculating space deflection angle to adjust the posture of hood alignment dust source;According to the transmission time difference of air flow velocity calculation and feedforward regulation dry ash conveying speed;According to the change of spray swing frequency of negative pressure data rising rate;When the demisting filtration node meets the blocking condition, according to the dynamic natural frequency of differential pressure increment calculation, control main exhaust power output pulsating airflow to make demisting filtration node produce pneumatic resonance stripping adherend and synchronous pollution control;System includes flow guide purification mechanism, monitoring mechanism, driving mechanism and control mechanism, control mechanism is configured to execute the above process.The present application realizes dust self-adaptive capture, dry ash load balance delivery and on-line pneumatic resonance ash cleaning without shutdown and cleaning, and guarantees the continuous and stable operation of multistage dust removal process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine dust removal technology, specifically to a multi-stage dry-wet mixed dust removal and purification process and its control system for mines. Background Technology

[0002] The dust diffusion trajectory at the mine operation site is significantly affected by the airflow in the roadway. The existing dust collection hoods of the dust removal equipment are fixedly installed. Since the dust source location moves dynamically with the production process, the fixed-position collection structure cannot adjust its position in real time according to the deviation of the spatial distribution of dust concentration. This causes a spatial deviation between the center of the dust source and the axis of the collection hood, reducing the initial collection rate of high-concentration dust entering the dust removal system and causing the dust concentration inside the roadway to exceed the standard.

[0003] In the dry separation stage of the wet-dry mixed dust removal process, the operating parameters of the ash discharge mechanism are set to constant values, lacking a linkage mechanism with the front-end dust load. As the front-end dust input fluctuates drastically with the intensity of the process, the constant ash discharge speed cannot adapt to the real-time changes in dust settling. When the dust input load decreases, the ash discharge mechanism will run idle, which will damage the airtightness of the bottom of the separator and cause external air backflow, thereby interfering with the stability of the negative pressure field inside the dust removal system. When the dust input load increases sharply, the ash discharge speed lags behind the settling speed, which will cause ash accumulation and blockage inside the cyclone separator, forcing the system to shut down.

[0004] The mud formed during the subsequent wet purification process gradually adheres to the surface of the demisting filter component, causing the system's operating resistance to continuously increase. Existing cleaning methods mainly rely on manual disassembly and cleaning after the pressure sensor triggers an alarm. This passive maintenance method interferes with the continuity of underground mining operations. Currently, there is a lack of a technical means to perform online adaptive cleaning based on changes in the quality of the deposits on the surface of the demisting filter component. It is difficult to solve the problem of ventilation power loss caused by filter clogging without interrupting the dust removal process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-stage dust removal and purification process and control system for mining applications that combines dry and wet processes. This solves the problems of the dust collection hood failing to dynamically align with the dust source, the mismatch between the ash discharge rate and the settling amount damaging the system's airtightness or causing ash accumulation, and the demister assembly becoming clogged with mud and requiring manual shutdown and cleaning.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining applications, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Acquire dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, calculate the spatial deflection angle based on the dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, and generate a first control command based on the spatial deflection angle to adjust the spatial attitude of the dust collection hood to align with the dust source. Based on the airflow velocity data, the transmission time difference of dust reaching the dry separation stage is calculated, and a second control command is generated based on the transmission time difference to feed forward and adjust the dry ash conveying speed to match the dry ash settling amount. The first negative pressure data is obtained to limit the minimum operating frequency of the main exhaust power. The second negative pressure data is obtained. When the rate of increase of the second negative pressure data reaches a preset threshold, the operating frequency of the main exhaust power is locked, and a third control command is generated to change the spray swing frequency of the wet washing stage. When the defogging filter node in the wet washing stage meets the clogging conditions, a fourth control command is generated to adjust the operating frequency of the main exhaust power so that the defogging filter node resonates and peels off the attached material, and a sewage discharge signal is output simultaneously to discharge the deposited sludge.

[0008] This invention adjusts the spatial orientation of the dust collection hood by coupling calculations of dust concentration and airflow velocity to improve the source capture rate; it uses feedforward control by calculating the time delay of dust transmission to maintain the balance between the dry ash conveying speed and the actual settling amount, thus maintaining the airtightness of the system; it uses negative pressure data to limit the basic maintenance air volume and adjust the wet scrubbing intensity, and when the defogging and filtration nodes meet the clogging conditions, it uses the main exhaust power output pulse frequency to generate aerodynamic resonance to peel off the attached substances, thus achieving continuous operation of the dust removal process.

[0009] Furthermore, the steps of acquiring dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, calculating the spatial deflection angle based on the dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, and generating a first control command based on the spatial deflection angle to adjust the spatial attitude of the gas collection hood to align with the dust source include: extracting effective measurement node data from the dust concentration distribution data and inputting the effective measurement node data into a pre-trained dust spatial intelligent tracking and alignment model. The input data of the intelligent tracking and alignment model for dust space includes the concentration difference of each effective measurement node, the lateral relative plane coordinates, the longitudinal relative plane coordinates, and the airflow velocity data. The output data of the intelligent tracking and alignment model for dust space includes the horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle. The horizontal yaw angle and vertical pitch angle are converted into the target axial extension and retraction displacement, and a first control command containing the target axial extension and retraction displacement and the mechanical execution speed is generated.

[0010] The above steps introduce the attitude parameters of the intelligent tracking and alignment model in dusty space to improve the response speed of dust source tracking under local airflow disturbance environment.

[0011] Furthermore, the steps of inputting effective measurement node data into the pre-trained dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model include: when the number of effective measurement nodes is lower than the preset minimum number of nodes, the output angle of the dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model exceeds the mechanical limit angle, or the change in the output angle between two adjacent times exceeds the preset mutation threshold, the direct output result of the dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model is stopped, and the calculation of the target space deflection angle is switched to spatial geometric mapping based on physical reference constraint boundary. The target spatial deflection angle includes the target horizontal yaw angle and the target vertical pitch angle; the target horizontal yaw angle is equal to the sum of the products of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node and the lateral relative plane coordinates, divided by the product of the preset effective acquisition focal length parameter and the sum of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node, and the arctangent value is obtained from the first quotient. The target vertical pitch angle is equal to the sum of the products of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node and the longitudinal relative plane coordinate, divided by the product of the preset effective capture focal length parameter and the sum of the concentration differences of each effective measurement node, and the arctangent value is obtained from the calculated second quotient; the concentration difference is the difference obtained by subtracting the preset environmental background concentration threshold from the real-time dust concentration measurement value.

[0012] The above steps construct a geometric algorithm based on concentration centroid mapping. When the model data is abnormal, the geometric solution is performed using the weighted coordinates of the node concentration difference, ensuring the continuity of the calculation of spatial deflection angle when the sensor partially fails to block.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of calculating the transmission time difference of dust reaching the dry separation stage based on airflow velocity data includes: dividing the preset equivalent length parameter of the physical pipe by the airflow velocity data to obtain the transmission time difference; using the expected ash discharge conversion relationship to calculate the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate generated in the dry separation stage after the transmission time difference delay; the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate is equal to the product of the preset dry centrifugal separation efficiency parameter, the effective cross-sectional average concentration value obtained based on dust concentration distribution data, the preset nominal cross-sectional area parameter, and the airflow velocity data.

[0014] The above calculation steps establish a time delay mapping between the equivalent length of the physical pipeline and the airflow velocity data, and convert the front-end dust concentration data into the input load of the dry separation stage.

[0015] Furthermore, the step of generating a second control command based on the transmission time difference to feedforward and adjust the dry ash conveying speed to match the dry ash settling amount includes: dividing the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate by the product of a preset mechanical volume constant and a preset average dust bulk density parameter to obtain the feedforward target operating speed; after the countdown of the control waiting period set to be equal to the transmission time difference ends, generating a second control command output according to the feedforward target operating speed to maintain the airtight state at the bottom of the dry separation stage.

[0016] The above-mentioned feedforward adjustment steps use the transmission time difference as a control waiting period to achieve synchronous matching between the dry ash conveying speed and the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate, preventing bottom air leakage caused by excessively fast dry ash conveying speed or blockage in the dry separation stage caused by excessively slow dry ash conveying speed.

[0017] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the minimum operating frequency of the main exhaust power based on the first negative pressure data includes: calculating the minimum maintaining air volume that must be provided using the first negative pressure data, mapping the minimum maintaining air volume to the minimum operating frequency boundary; the minimum operating frequency boundary is equal to twice the first negative pressure data divided by a preset standard air density parameter to obtain the quotient value, performing a square root operation on the quotient value to obtain the square root value, and multiplying the square root value by a preset frequency-speed conversion coefficient to obtain the minimum operating frequency boundary value.

[0018] The steps described above for obtaining the minimum operating frequency boundary value determine the basic operating frequency of the main exhaust power based on the first negative pressure data, providing the maintenance air volume required to keep the dust suspended in the pipeline and preventing dust from depositing in the pipeline.

[0019] Furthermore, the steps of locking the operating frequency of the main exhaust fan when the second negative pressure data rise rate reaches a preset threshold and generating a third control command to change the spray oscillation frequency of the wet washing stage include: outputting an acceleration operation signal to increase the spray oscillation frequency inside the wet washing stage; when the second negative pressure data rise rate is detected to fall back to zero and the duration exceeds the set hysteresis waiting period, the main exhaust fan operating frequency lock state is released, and the spray oscillation frequency is restored to the initial oscillation frequency.

[0020] The above steps for locking the operating frequency of the main exhaust power are to determine the increase in dust concentration by monitoring the rise rate of the second negative pressure data, increase the collision probability of droplets and dust by accelerating the spray oscillation frequency, and use the hysteresis waiting period to prevent frequent switching of the spray oscillation frequency.

[0021] Furthermore, when it is determined that the defogging filter node in the wet washing stage meets the clogging conditions, the step of generating a fourth control command to adjust the operating frequency of the main exhaust power to make the defogging filter node resonate and peel off the attached material includes: taking the second negative pressure data as the real-time differential pressure value, subtracting the preset no-load differential pressure benchmark from the real-time differential pressure value to obtain the differential pressure increment, and multiplying the differential pressure increment by the preset mud adhesion equivalent coefficient to calculate the additional mud mass. The dynamic natural frequency of the defogging filter node is calculated using a built-in dynamic natural frequency prediction model. The calculation logic of the dynamic natural frequency is as follows: the preset base unloaded mass and the additional mud mass are added to obtain the total mass; the preset overall mechanical stiffness coefficient is divided by the total mass to obtain the mass stiffness quotient; the square root of the mass stiffness quotient is obtained by performing a square root operation; and the square root result is divided by twice pi to obtain the dynamic natural frequency.

[0022] The above steps for calculating the dynamic natural frequency calculate the additional mud mass by increasing the pressure difference, and combine the overall mechanical stiffness coefficient to calculate the dynamic natural frequency of the demisting filter node, providing aerodynamic frequency parameters for applying resonance.

[0023] Furthermore, the steps of generating the fourth control command to adjust the operating frequency of the main exhaust power to make the demisting filter node resonate and peel off the attached material, and simultaneously output the sewage discharge signal to discharge the deposited sludge include: converting the dynamic natural frequency into the target output frequency, dynamically adjusting the output airflow with pulsating frequency of the main exhaust power to form an aerodynamic excitation wave equal to the dynamic natural frequency. The resonance protection timer is started synchronously. When the resonance protection timer reaches the system's preset fatigue protection time limit, the pumping speed is forcibly restored to a stable state. The real-time liquid level of the mud collection tank is read synchronously. When the real-time liquid level rises to the high-level discharge threshold, the discharge action is executed. When the real-time liquid level drops to the low-level water seal threshold, the discharge action is stopped, and the liquid water is retained to prevent the reverse flow of external air.

[0024] The above-mentioned step of outputting sewage discharge signals to discharge deposited sludge utilizes the main exhaust power to output airflow with a pulsating frequency, generating aerodynamic excitation waves to peel off the sludge adhesion layer on the demisting filter node. Combined with the high-level sewage discharge threshold and the low-level water seal threshold to control the liquid level, liquid water is retained during sludge cleaning to maintain the bottom water seal interface and maintain the negative pressure environment inside the dust removal system.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a multi-stage dust removal and purification control system for mining applications, the control system comprising: The airflow purification mechanism includes a double-layer air collection hood, a flexible negative pressure air duct, a primary cyclone dust collector, a secondary wet dust collector, an exhaust axial flow fan, and a water circulation treatment component. Inside the secondary wet dust collector, spray water pipes and dust removal and demisting devices are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction. The monitoring and purification system includes a front-end collection component, a multi-stage dust removal component, and a water circulation treatment component. The front-end collection component includes a double-layer air collection hood and a flexible negative pressure air duct. The multi-stage dust removal component includes a primary cyclone dust collector, a secondary wet dust collector, and an exhaust axial flow fan. The secondary wet dust collector has spray water pipes and dust removal demisters arranged sequentially along the airflow direction inside. The water circulation treatment component includes a circulating water storage tank. The drive mechanism includes explosion-proof electric push rods symmetrically hinged to the outer wall of the double-layer gas collection hood, as well as an auger conveyor component configured at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector, an eccentric shaft spray adjustment component that drives and connects to the spray water pipe, a liquid collection tank sewage pump, a sewage pneumatic ball valve, a sludge suction pump, a circulating water supply pump, a spray water supply adjustment valve, and a water replenishment valve. The control mechanism includes a mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation and a main fan frequency converter. The input end of the mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation is connected to the monitoring mechanism, and the output end of the mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation is connected to the drive mechanism and the main fan frequency converter, respectively.

[0026] The system of this invention utilizes a monitoring agency to collect operational data, and a control agency calculates and processes the operational data collected by the monitoring agency, and outputs control commands to the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism adjusts the spatial attitude, airflow operation parameters and sewage discharge action of the airflow purification mechanism, so as to achieve dust tracking and collection, dry ash matching and conveying and resonant dust removal of the demisting and filtering nodes without the need for shutdown and disassembly.

[0027] This invention provides a multi-stage dust removal and purification process and control system for mining applications using a combination of dry and wet methods. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention acquires real-time dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, combines a dust spatial intelligent tracking and alignment model or a spatial geometric mapping based on physical reference constraint boundaries to calculate the spatial deflection angle, and then generates a first control command to adjust the spatial attitude of the gas collection hood. The above control steps enable the gas collection hood to automatically align itself according to the changes in dust diffusion trajectory caused by complex airflow disturbances in the mine, avoiding the phenomenon of missed collection when the fixed gas collection hood shifts the position of the dust source, and using a geometric mapping algorithm to maintain the continuity of traceability calculation when some sensors fail, ensuring the lower limit of front-end dust removal efficiency.

[0028] 2. This invention calculates the time difference of dust reaching the dry separation stage by using airflow velocity data, and generates a second control command by combining the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate. After a control waiting period equal to the time difference of the dust, the dry ash conveying speed is adjusted by feedforward. The above feedforward adjustment logic incorporates the time delay in the physical pipeline into the control variable, so that the operating speed of the ash discharge machinery is synchronized with the actual dust settling load, preventing bottom air leakage and negative pressure attenuation caused by excessively fast ash discharge speed, and also avoiding internal cone blockage in the dry separation stage caused by excessively slow ash discharge speed.

[0029] 3. This invention calculates the additional mass caused by the attached mud by monitoring the second negative pressure data, calculates the dynamic natural frequency of the demisting filter node using a dynamic natural frequency prediction model, and controls the main exhaust power output to form an aerodynamic excitation wave with a corresponding pulsating frequency. The above-mentioned dust removal mechanism uses the resonance effect generated by the frequency conversion of the fan to directly and non-contactly peel off the attached substances on the surface of the demisting filter node. Combined with the dual threshold liquid level sewage discharge action of the mud collection tank, the bottom water seal interface is retained to block the backflow of external air when cleaning the mud, eliminating the problems of manpower input and continuous operation interruption caused by conventional shutdown and dismantling operations. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control process for the dust flow field state sensing and dynamic alignment stage of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control flow for the transient mass flow calculation and feedforward maintenance stage of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control process for the synchronous monitoring of operating resistance and gas-liquid load adjustment stage of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control process for the filter resonance self-cleaning and synchronous sewage discharge stages of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a comparative test of dust concentration at the exhaust port after purification, as presented in this invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram comparing the continuous running time of the dust removal and demisting device of the present invention before manual cleaning.

[0031] Among them, 10. Flow diversion and purification mechanism; 101. Front-end collection component; 102. Multi-stage dust removal component; 103. Water circulation treatment component; 20. Monitoring mechanism; 201. Dust concentration sensor array; 202. Ultrasonic air volume sensor; 203. First negative pressure sensor; 204. Second negative pressure sensor; 205. Slurry concentration meter; 206. Circulating liquid level sensor; 207. Slurry collection tank liquid level sensor; 208. Spraying... 30. Fog pressure sensor; 301. Drive mechanism; 302. Explosion-proof electric push rod; 303. Screw conveyor component; 304. Eccentric shaft spray adjustment component; 305. Liquid collection tank sewage pump; 306. Sewage discharge pneumatic ball valve; 307. Sludge suction pump; 308. Circulating water supply pump; 309. Spray water supply regulating valve; 400. Water replenishment valve; 401. Mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation; 402. Main fan frequency converter. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] See attached document Figure 1 The present invention provides a multi-stage dust removal and purification control system for mining applications, comprising: a flow guiding and purification mechanism 10, a monitoring mechanism 20, a drive mechanism 30, and a control mechanism 40.

[0034] The flow guiding and purification mechanism 10 is arranged on the machine platform of the tunneling machine and in the roadway space of the working face. The flow guiding and purification mechanism 10 is used to realize the physical capture, transportation and gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation of the dust-laden airflow. The flow guiding and purification mechanism 10 includes a front-end capture component 101, a multi-stage dust removal component 102 and a water circulation treatment component 103. The front-end capture component 101 includes a double-layer air collection hood and a flexible negative pressure duct. The double-layer air collection hood is used to directionally suck in dust. The exhaust end of the double-layer air collection hood is connected to the air inlet end of the flexible negative pressure duct. The flexible negative pressure duct is used to provide a closed transportation channel for the dust-laden airflow. The multi-stage dust collection assembly 102 includes a primary cyclone dust collector, a secondary wet dust collector, and an exhaust axial flow fan. The outlet of the flexible negative pressure duct is connected to the inlet of the primary cyclone dust collector. The primary cyclone dust collector is used for dry centrifugal separation of large dust particles. Spiral blades are arranged inside the primary cyclone dust collector to extend the airflow rotation path and improve the centrifugal separation efficiency of the dust. The outlet of the primary cyclone dust collector is connected to the inlet of the secondary wet dust collector, which is used for wet washing of fine dust.

[0035] Inside the secondary wet scrubber, spray water pipes and multiple sets of dust demisters are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction. A cleaning nozzle facing the stainless steel wire array can also be added to one side of the dust demister as needed. The dust demister is a gas-liquid separation component composed of an array of stainless steel wires. The stainless steel wire array is used to intercept dust-laden water mist and generate controlled vibration in the subsequent self-cleaning stage.

[0036] The spray pipe is used to spray atomized water droplets to capture dust in the airflow. The dust demister is made of an array of stainless steel wires. The dust demister is used to intercept dust-laden water mist and perform gas-liquid separation. The exhaust axial flow fan is installed at the exhaust end of the secondary wet scrubber. The exhaust axial flow fan is used to provide negative pressure power for the airflow of the whole system. The water circulation treatment component 103 includes a circulating water storage tank, inside which is a sedimentation tank with progressive overflow. The sedimentation tank is used for physical sedimentation and media separation of dust removal sludge. The sewage outlet at the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector is connected to the inlet of the first sedimentation tank in the circulating water storage tank through a pipeline. The outlet of the final sedimentation tank of the circulating water storage tank is connected to the spray water pipe inside the secondary wet dust collector through a spray water supply pipeline. A clear liquid filter is installed on the spray water supply pipeline. The circulating water storage tank is also connected to an external water supply pipeline with a water supply valve 309.

[0037] The monitoring mechanism 20 is arranged in the fluid channel and equipment node. The monitoring mechanism 20 is used to collect external environmental parameters and internal system operation data. The monitoring mechanism 20 includes a dust concentration sensor array 201, an ultrasonic air volume sensor 202, a first negative pressure sensor 203, a second negative pressure sensor 204, a slurry concentration meter 205, a circulating liquid level sensor 206, a mud collection tank liquid level sensor 207, and a spray pressure sensor 208. The dust concentration sensor array 201 is arranged in the space in front of the double-layer gas collection hood. The dust concentration sensor array 201 is used to measure the dust concentration distribution data in the collection space in real time. An ultrasonic airflow sensor 202 is fixed to the inner wall of the flexible negative pressure duct and is used to monitor the airflow velocity inside the flexible negative pressure duct. The sampling probes of the first negative pressure sensor 203 are respectively installed at the air inlet and outlet of the first-stage cyclone dust collector and are used to obtain the pressure difference resistance value in the dry dust removal stage. The sampling probes of the second negative pressure sensor 204 are respectively installed at the air inlet and outlet of the second-stage wet dust collector and are used to obtain the pressure drop change in the wet dust removal stage to determine the demister blockage status. A slurry concentration meter 205 is installed inside the first sedimentation tank of the circulating water tank and is used to detect the concentration index of the slurry in the sedimentation tank. The circulating liquid level sensor 206 is arranged on the inner wall of the sedimentation tank at the end of the circulating water storage tank. The circulating liquid level sensor 206 is used to monitor the remaining height of the available circulating liquid in the system. The mud collection tank level sensor 207 is arranged on the inner wall of the mud collection tank at the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector. The mud collection tank level sensor 207 is used to monitor the real-time liquid level height in the mud collection tank. The spray pressure sensor 208 is arranged on the spray water supply pipeline. The spray pressure sensor 208 is used to monitor the water supply pressure of the spray water pipe to determine the spray water supply status and nozzle blockage status.

[0038] The drive mechanism 30 is installed at the controlled node of the flow guiding and purification mechanism 10. The drive mechanism 30 is used to receive control commands and output corresponding mechanical power. The drive mechanism 30 includes an explosion-proof electric push rod 301, an auger conveying component 302, an eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303, a liquid collection tank sewage pump 304, a sewage pneumatic ball valve 305, a sludge suction pump 306, a circulating water supply pump 307, a spray water supply adjustment valve 308, and a water replenishment valve 309. The explosion-proof electric push rod 301 is symmetrically hinged between the outer wall of the double-layer gas collection hood and the tunneling machine body. The explosion-proof electric push rod 301 is used to adjust the spatial deflection angle of the double-layer gas collection hood to align with the dust source. The auger conveyor component 302 is installed in the ash discharge trough at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector. The auger conveyor component 302 is equipped with a vector control motor. The auger conveyor component 302 is used to convey settled dry ash outward and maintain the airtight state at the bottom. The eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 is installed in the outer shell of the secondary wet dust collector. The drive end of the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 passes through the outer shell and is connected to the spray water pipe inside the secondary wet dust collector. The eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 is used to drive the spray water pipe to perform mechanical oscillation to increase the water mist coverage area. The sludge collection tank discharge pump 304 is installed on the pipeline between the sludge collection tank at the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector and the first sedimentation tank of the circulating water tank. The sludge collection tank discharge pump 304 is used to pump the high-concentration sewage in the collection tank to the sedimentation tank. The sludge discharge pneumatic ball valve 305 and the sludge suction pump 306 are connected in series on the sludge discharge pipeline at the bottom of the first sedimentation tank of the circulating water tank. The sludge discharge pneumatic ball valve 305 and the sludge suction pump 306 are used to extract the high-concentration sludge and discharge it from the system. The circulating water supply pump 307 and the spray water supply regulating valve 308 are installed on the spray water supply pipeline to provide stable pressure circulating water supply to the spray water pipe. The water replenishment valve 309 is installed on the external water replenishment pipeline to receive instructions to open and replenish the circulating medium of the system.

[0039] The control mechanism 40 is located inside the explosion-proof control box of the tunneling machine body. The control mechanism 40 is used to receive sensor data, perform logic calculations, and issue action commands. The control mechanism 40 includes a mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation 401 and a main fan frequency converter 402. The input terminals of the mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation 401 are respectively connected to the sensors in the monitoring mechanism 20 for electrical communication. The mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation 401 is used to summarize multi-dimensional status data and perform system logic calculations. The output terminals of the intrinsically safe and explosion-proof control substation 401 are respectively connected to the explosion-proof electric push rod 301, the auger conveyor component 302, the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303, the liquid collection tank sewage pump 304, the sewage pneumatic ball valve 305, the sludge suction pump 306, the circulating water supply pump 307, the spray water supply adjustment valve 308, the water replenishment valve 309, and the main fan frequency converter 402. The intrinsically safe and explosion-proof control substation 401 is used to issue coordinated execution commands to the underlying physical components. The main fan frequency converter 402 is connected to the drive motor of the exhaust axial flow fan. The main fan frequency converter 402 is used to dynamically adjust the operating speed and suction negative pressure of the exhaust axial flow fan according to the control commands.

[0040] See attached document Figure 2 This invention provides a multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods, the process comprising the following steps: S100, after the system starts, it performs spatial state perception. The control mechanism 40 reads the values ​​of the dust concentration sensor array 201 and the ultrasonic air volume sensor 202 in the monitoring mechanism 20. The control mechanism 40 calculates the spatial deflection angle based on the value of the dust concentration sensor array 201. The control mechanism 40 sends a displacement extension command to the explosion-proof electric push rod 301 in the drive mechanism 30. The control mechanism 40 adjusts the spatial attitude of the double-layer air collection hood through the explosion-proof electric push rod 301 to align with the dust source.

[0041] S200, during system operation, mass flow calculation is triggered in parallel. The control mechanism 40 calculates the transmission time difference of dust particles to the first-stage cyclone dust collector based on the airflow velocity obtained by the ultrasonic airflow sensor 202. The control mechanism 40 adjusts the operating speed of the auger conveyor component 302 in the drive mechanism 30 based on the transmission time difference. The control mechanism 40 changes the ash discharge rate through the auger conveyor component 302 to match the amount of dry ash settling in the airflow and maintain the airtight state at the bottom of the first-stage cyclone dust collector.

[0042] S300, during the airflow conveying process, the operating resistance is monitored synchronously. The control mechanism 40 reads the pressure difference value between the first negative pressure sensor 203 and the second negative pressure sensor 204 in the monitoring mechanism 20. The control mechanism 40 limits the minimum operating frequency of the main fan inverter 402 according to the pressure difference value of the first negative pressure sensor 203. When the pressure difference rise rate of the second negative pressure sensor 204 reaches the preset threshold, the control mechanism 40 locks the output frequency of the main fan inverter 402 and outputs an operating signal to the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 in the drive mechanism 30. The control mechanism 40 changes the mechanical oscillation frequency of the spray water pipe inside the secondary wet dust collector through the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303.

[0043] S400, when the control mechanism 40 determines that the dust blower and demister in the secondary wet dust collector meets the blockage conditions based on the differential pressure rise rate of the second negative pressure sensor 204, the self-cleaning and sewage discharge stage is triggered. The control mechanism 40 sends an excitation frequency command to the main fan inverter 402. The main fan inverter 402 adjusts the output speed of the extraction axial flow fan to make the stainless steel wire inside the dust blower and demister resonate to peel off the attached material. During the resonance cycle, the control mechanism 40 opens the sewage discharge pneumatic ball valve 305 in the drive mechanism 30 and starts the sludge suction pump 306 to extract the sludge based on the data of the slurry concentration meter 205 in the monitoring mechanism 20.

[0044] See attached document Figure 3 The dust flow field state perception and dynamic alignment process is performed by the control mechanism 40 in conjunction with the monitoring mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30. Specifically, S100 can be implemented through the following sub-steps: S110, the control mechanism 40 sends a data acquisition trigger signal for external environmental parameters to the monitoring mechanism 20 through the internal electrical communication connection of the system. The control mechanism 40 simultaneously receives the spatial discrete concentration value transmitted by the dust concentration sensor array 201 in the monitoring mechanism 20 and the flow rate value transmitted by the ultrasonic air volume sensor 202. The dust concentration sensor array 201 is fixedly installed in a matrix arrangement on the frame in front of the double-layer gas collection hood in the flow guiding and purification mechanism 10. The dust concentration sensor array 201 is used to obtain the real-time dust concentration measurement value at each discrete spatial coordinate point in the front-end collection space. The ultrasonic air volume sensor 202 is used to obtain the initial flow field dynamic characteristic parameters inside the conveying pipeline. The control mechanism 40 uses conventional ultrasonic time difference method measurement and digital low-pass filtering technology to perform basic noise reduction processing on the flow velocity data output by the ultrasonic air volume sensor 202.

[0045] S120, the control mechanism 40 constructs a dust concentration spatial distribution matrix by acquiring the dust concentration measurement values ​​at each spatial coordinate point. The control mechanism 40 establishes a local spatial rectangular coordinate system with the current geometric center reference point of the double-layer gas collection hood as the origin. The control mechanism 40 extracts the relative planar coordinate data of each independent sensing probe in the dust concentration sensor array 201 according to the local spatial rectangular coordinate system.

[0046] The control mechanism 40 filters out valid measurement node data with values ​​greater than the preset environmental background concentration from the dust concentration spatial distribution matrix. The preset environmental background concentration is obtained by calibrating the system by averaging multiple samples from the dust concentration sensor array 201 under pure ventilation conditions without cutting operations. The preset environmental background concentration ranges from 2 mg / m³. 3 Up to 10 mg / m 3 .

[0047] The control mechanism 40 uses a pre-trained dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model to solve the target space deflection angle between the desired spatial attitude and the current physical attitude. The input data of the dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model includes at least the concentration difference of each effective measurement node, the lateral relative plane coordinates, the longitudinal relative plane coordinates, and the current airflow velocity. The concentration difference is the difference between the real-time dust concentration measurement value and the environmental background concentration threshold. The model output data includes the horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle.

[0048] The method for creating and training a dust spatial intelligent tracking alignment model includes: during the equipment calibration stage, dust ejection sources with different orientations and intensities are artificially created, and multiple sets of dust concentration measurements and coordinates of effective measurement nodes with different position offsets are collected as input feature datasets; at the same time, by combining high-definition cameras with manual teaching, the optimal horizontal yaw angle and vertical pitch angle required for the gas collection hood to align with the ejection core area under the current dust distribution are recorded as label datasets. The input feature dataset and label dataset are fed into a fully connected neural network algorithm for supervised learning and iterative training. The network weights are continuously optimized until the root mean square error between the model's output angle prediction value and the label's true value is less than the angle tolerance limit set by the system. Finally, a dust space intelligent tracking alignment model is generated. The fully connected neural network includes at least an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The number of nodes in the input layer matches the number of features of the effective measurement nodes in the dust concentration sensor array 201. The output layer includes two output nodes, corresponding to the horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle, respectively. The angle tolerance limit is set according to the alignment error allowed by the double-layer gas collection hood, preferably 1° to 5°.

[0049] Under normal effective dust accumulation conditions, the control mechanism 40 inputs the currently acquired effective measurement node data into the dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model. The model extracts features based on the concentration weight allocation principle and the target space deflection angle is calculated and output by the neural network. The target space deflection angle calculated and output by the neural network specifically includes the horizontal yaw angle in the horizontal direction and the vertical pitch angle in the vertical direction.

[0050] To ensure the stability of the neural network output and provide degradation protection under extreme sensor absence conditions, a physical reference constraint boundary is nested within the model. When the number of effective measurement nodes is lower than the preset minimum number of nodes, the neural network output angle exceeds the mechanical limit angle, or the change in output angle between two consecutive times exceeds a preset mutation threshold, the control mechanism 40 stops using the direct output result of the neural network and switches to the physical geometric mapping result based on the concentration centroid as the target spatial deflection angle. The spatial geometric mapping formula corresponding to the physical reference constraint boundary is as follows: ; In the formula, The horizontal yaw angle of the target in the horizontal direction; The vertical pitch angle of the target in the vertical direction; The index variable for the valid measurement node; The total number of valid measurement nodes selected; For the first Real-time dust concentration measurements at each effective measurement node; The environmental background concentration threshold calibrated by the system; For the first The lateral relative planar coordinates of each effective measurement node in the local spatial rectangular coordinate system; For the first The longitudinal relative planar coordinates of each effective measurement node in the local spatial rectangular coordinate system; The effective capture focal length parameter preset for the double-layer gas collection hood is in the range of 1.5m to 3.0m.

[0051] S130, after the control mechanism 40 calculates and obtains the target space deflection angle, it performs the inverse kinematic mapping calculation of the drive mechanism 30. The control mechanism 40 converts the horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle into the target axial extension displacement of the corresponding explosion-proof electric push rod 301 in the drive mechanism 30. The double-layer gas collection hood is installed on the tunneling machine's onboard platform through a double-axis hinge seat. The two explosion-proof electric push rods 301 are respectively connected between the two side walls of the double-layer gas collection hood and the tunneling machine body. The two explosion-proof electric push rods 301 use synchronous extension or differential extension to realize the pitch and yaw adjustment of the double-layer gas collection hood.

[0052] The control mechanism 40 converts the horizontal yaw angle and vertical pitch angle into the telescopic displacement of each explosion-proof electric push rod 301 according to the pre-calibrated angle and push rod displacement mapping table or geometric link relationship. The control mechanism 40 generates a drive control command that includes the target axial telescopic displacement and mechanical execution speed. The control mechanism 40 sends the drive control command to the drive unit inside the explosion-proof electric push rod 301 via the electrical control connection link.

[0053] The explosion-proof electric push rod 301 performs physical extension and retraction actions according to the drive control command and pushes the double-layer gas collection hood to rotate spatially around the mechanical hinge point of the base. During the process of the explosion-proof electric push rod 301 pushing the double-layer gas collection hood to rotate spatially around the mechanical hinge point of the base, the control mechanism 40 continuously triggers the dust concentration data acquisition and target space deflection angle calculation operations to form a closed-loop tracking feedback. Under the closed-loop tracking feedback, the double-layer gas collection hood dynamically approaches the high-concentration area of ​​the dust ejection source in the working face space of the roadway. Under the negative pressure suction power of the flexible negative pressure air duct in the flow guiding and purification mechanism 10, the double-layer gas collection hood draws the high-concentration dust-laden airflow from the front end into the physical conveying channel inside the system.

[0054] See attached document Figure 4 The transient mass flow calculation and feedforward maintenance are performed. The transient mass flow calculation and feedforward maintenance process is executed by the control mechanism 40 in conjunction with the monitoring mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30. For a specific implementation of S200, it can be processed through the following sub-steps: S210, the control mechanism 40 continuously reads the real-time airflow velocity inside the flexible negative pressure duct measured by the ultrasonic airflow sensor 202 in the monitoring mechanism 20. The control mechanism 40 extracts the equivalent length parameter of the physical pipe from the cross section of the double-layer air collection hood to the air inlet of the first-stage cyclone dust collector in the flow guiding and purification mechanism 10 stored in the system. The equivalent length parameter of the physical pipe is obtained by adding the actual straight pipe length at the front end of the flow guiding and purification mechanism 10 and the equivalent length calculated by the bending pipe component in the system.

[0055] The control mechanism 40 performs a division operation between the equivalent length parameter of the physical pipeline and the real-time airflow velocity to solve the transmission time difference of the dust-laden gas-solid two-phase flow to the separation node. The transmission time difference is used to characterize the physical delay time required for the dust particles captured at the front end to move with the airflow into the first-stage cyclone dust collector. When the real-time airflow velocity is lower than the shutdown velocity threshold set by the system, the value of the shutdown velocity threshold ranges from 1.5 m / s to 3.0 m / s.

[0056] The control mechanism 40 determines that the system is in a non-operating state without suction negative pressure and resets the transmission time difference to avoid the logic operation unit from having a division-by-zero calculation abnormality. Simultaneously, it switches the auger conveyor 302 to a stop or low-speed pressure holding state to prevent the ash discharge chute from being over-emptied and forming an air leakage channel. The stop flow rate threshold is determined based on the upper limit of the background airflow speed under the system's air leakage test state. Furthermore, the control mechanism 40 is internally configured with a maximum delay limit parameter for the transmission time difference to prevent the calculated value from exceeding the register range and causing an overflow error under extremely low flow rate conditions. The maximum delay limit parameter ranges from 10s to 20s.

[0057] S220, after obtaining the transmission time difference, the control mechanism 40 performs a feedforward calculation of the dry ash settling amount. The general physical principle of this calculation is that the control mechanism 40 calculates the volumetric flow rate by multiplying the cross-sectional area by the airflow velocity. The control mechanism 40 multiplies the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional average concentration to obtain the total mass flow rate of dust entering the system. The control mechanism 40 then uses the separation efficiency to evaluate the actual dust fraction that falls to the bottom.

[0058] The control mechanism 40 synchronously extracts the effective cross-sectional average concentration value collected by the dust concentration sensor array 201 in the monitoring mechanism 20. Since the dust concentration sensor array 201 is arranged in the space in front of the double-layer gas collection hood, the control mechanism 40 further introduces the gas collection hood collection efficiency coefficient, pipeline transportation correction coefficient and field calibration correction coefficient to convert the dust concentration in the external collection space into the equivalent cross-sectional average concentration inside the flexible negative pressure duct. The value range of the gas collection hood collection efficiency coefficient is 0.85 to 0.95, the value range of the pipeline transportation correction coefficient is 0.9 to 0.98, and the value range of the field calibration correction coefficient is 0.95 to 1.05.

[0059] The control mechanism 40 constructs a calculation formula for expected ash discharge by combining the cross-sectional area parameters of the flexible negative pressure duct and the dry centrifugal separation efficiency parameters calibrated by the primary cyclone dust collector. The control mechanism 40 uses the expected ash discharge calculation formula to calculate the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate generated in the ash discharge trough at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector after the transmission time difference delay. The specific expected ash discharge calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, The expected dry ash settling mass flow rate of the primary cyclone dust collector after the transmission time difference delay; The parameters for the dry centrifugal separation efficiency of a primary cyclone dust collector; This represents the average concentration value of the effective cross-section of the dust concentration sensor array 201 at the current moment. The nominal cross-sectional area parameters preset for the interior of the flexible negative pressure ventilation duct; This represents the real-time airflow velocity measured by the ultrasonic airflow sensor 202 at the current moment.

[0060] S230, the control mechanism 40 calculates the matching ash discharge rate of the auger conveyor component 302 in the drive mechanism 30 based on the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate. The control mechanism 40 extracts the factory-set mechanical volumetric constant of the auger conveyor component 302 and the average dust bulk density parameter under the current mining environment, wherein the mechanical volumetric constant has a value range of 0.005m. 3 / r to 0.02m 3 / r, the average bulk density parameter for dust is 800 kg / m³. 3 Up to 1200kg / m 3 .

[0061] The control mechanism 40 divides the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate by the product of the mechanical volume constant and the average dust bulk density parameter to obtain the feedforward target operating speed. The control mechanism 40 sets a control waiting period in its internal register that is equal to the transmission time difference. After the countdown of the control waiting period ends, the control mechanism 40 sends a control signal containing the feedforward target operating speed to the vector control motor configured in the auger conveyor 302 via the electrical control link. The vector control motor drives the spiral blades inside the auger conveyor 302 to convey the dry ash outward according to the feedforward target operating speed.

[0062] The control mechanism 40 uses feedforward control logic with time delay to keep the physical ash removal action of the screw conveyor 302 synchronized with the actual dust falling process inside the primary cyclone dust collector on the time axis. The dynamic balance between the ash removal rate and the settling rate helps to prevent excessive dust accumulation in the ash discharge trough at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector, which could lead to blockage inside the ash discharge trough or damage to the local flow field due to ventilation. The control mechanism 40 maintains the negative pressure airtight state at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector through the dynamic balance between the ash removal rate and the settling rate to ensure the stable operation of the front-end dry centrifugal separation flow field.

[0063] See attached document Figure 5 The synchronous monitoring of operating resistance and the adjustment of gas-liquid load are performed. The process of synchronous monitoring of operating resistance and adjustment of gas-liquid load is executed by the control mechanism 40 in conjunction with the monitoring mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30. For a specific implementation of S300, it can be processed through the following sub-steps: S310, the control mechanism 40 periodically reads the real-time pressure difference values ​​of the first negative pressure sensor 203 and the second negative pressure sensor 204 in the monitoring mechanism 20 via the electrical bus. The pressure measuring tube of the first negative pressure sensor 203 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the first-stage cyclone dust collector in the flow-guiding purification mechanism 10 to obtain the operating resistance parameters of the dry separation stage. The pressure measuring tube of the second negative pressure sensor 204 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the second-stage wet dust collector in the flow-guiding purification mechanism 10 to obtain the operating resistance parameters of the wet washing stage.

[0064] The filtering and analog-to-digital conversion of the analog electrical signals output by the first negative pressure sensor 203 and the second negative pressure sensor 204 can be performed using existing conventional data acquisition technology for industrial transmitters. The control mechanism 40 stores the real-time differential pressure values ​​of the first negative pressure sensor 203 and the second negative pressure sensor 204 in the internal memory of the control mechanism 40 according to the timestamp sequence to construct the time-series characteristic matrices of the operating resistance of the dry separation stage and the wet washing stage, respectively.

[0065] S320, after obtaining the operating resistance parameters of the dry separation stage, the control mechanism 40 performs the minimum limit calculation of the basic flow field dynamic boundary. The general physical principle of this calculation process is based on the relationship between fluid dynamic pressure and the square of the velocity in Bernoulli's equation of fluid mechanics, which converts the aerodynamic pressure difference required to maintain effective dust removal into the basic wind speed requirement and then maps it to the speed of the extraction axial flow fan. The control mechanism 40 uses the real-time pressure difference value of the first negative pressure sensor 203 to evaluate the minimum dynamic pressure boundary conditions required to maintain the effective centrifugal rotating flow field inside the first-stage cyclone dust collector.

[0066] Based on the principles of fluid mechanics, the control mechanism 40 transforms the minimum dynamic pressure boundary condition into the minimum sustaining air volume that the extraction axial flow fan must provide. The control mechanism 40 further maps the minimum sustaining air volume to the minimum operating frequency boundary of the main fan inverter 402 to prevent subsequent system adjustments by the control mechanism 40 from causing the front-end centrifugal separation flow field to attenuate due to insufficient suction.

[0067] Before performing the mapping calculation, the control mechanism 40 performs non-negative amplitude limiting filtering on the real-time differential pressure value of the first negative pressure sensor 203 to avoid mathematical logic errors and crashes in the subsequent square root calculation caused by negative differential pressure input. The minimum operating frequency boundary is calculated using the following minimum ventilation boundary constraint relationship: ; In the formula, This is the minimum operating frequency boundary for the main fan inverter 402; The frequency-speed conversion coefficient of the unit system consisting of the main fan inverter 402 and the exhaust axial flow fan is 2.5Hz / (m / s) to 5.0Hz / (m / s). The real-time differential pressure value is obtained by the first negative pressure sensor 203. The standard air density parameter is used in the current mine roadway environment, and the value range of the standard air density parameter is 1.15 kg / m³. 3 Up to 1.25 kg / m 3 .

[0068] S330, the control mechanism 40 synchronously performs a first-order time difference operation on the operating resistance time sequence characteristic matrix constructed by the second negative pressure sensor 204 to extract the pressure difference rise rate during the wet washing stage. The control mechanism 40 compares the pressure difference rise rate with the blockage warning threshold set internally. The blockage warning threshold is obtained by continuous operation test calibration of the system under full load operation under standard dust concentration. The blockage warning threshold is set to 10Pa / s to 20Pa / s.

[0069] When the differential pressure rise rate reaches or exceeds the blockage warning threshold, the control mechanism 40 determines that the concentration of water vapor mixture inside the secondary wet dust collector is too high or that there is an initial trend of dust accumulation on the surface of the dust collector inside the secondary wet dust collector. Under the condition that the concentration of water vapor mixture inside the secondary wet dust collector is too high or that there is an initial trend of dust accumulation on the surface of the dust collector inside the secondary wet dust collector, the control mechanism 40 cuts off the closed-loop regulation circuit of the main fan inverter 402 and locks the current output frequency of the main fan inverter 402 unchanged to avoid further increasing the exhaust volume and aggravating the phenomenon of moisture entrainment to the extraction axial flow fan.

[0070] Simultaneously, the control mechanism 40 outputs an acceleration signal to the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 in the drive mechanism 30. After receiving the acceleration signal, the miniature rotary motor inside the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 drives the eccentric drive shaft to increase its rotation speed, thereby increasing the spatial reciprocating mechanical oscillation frequency of the spray water pipe inside the secondary wet dust collector. The increase in the spatial reciprocating mechanical oscillation frequency causes the water mist sprayed from the nozzles on the spray water pipe to cover a wider cross-sectional area per unit time. The expanded water mist washing coverage disperses the locally accumulated high-concentration dust clouds, reducing the probability of high-concentration dust-laden water mist concentrating on impacting local areas of the dust demister. It also alleviates the initial dust accumulation trend on the surface of the dust demister by improving the uniformity of water mist distribution. When a cleaning nozzle facing the dust demister is provided in the secondary wet dust collector, the spray adjustment action can also cooperate with the cleaning nozzle to assist in rinsing the surface of the dust demister.

[0071] The control mechanism 40 achieves decoupled regulation control of pneumatic suction load and liquid washing load through the combination of frequency locking of main fan inverter 402 and acceleration of eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303. When the control mechanism 40 detects that the differential pressure rise rate falls back to zero or even becomes negative and the duration exceeds the hysteresis waiting period set by the system, where the hysteresis waiting period ranges from 5s to 15s, the control mechanism 40 determines that the physical blockage trend has been eliminated, thereby releasing the frequency locking state of main fan inverter 402 and restoring the initial rotation speed of eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 to complete the closed-loop recovery of gas-liquid load regulation logic.

[0072] When the main fan inverter 402 is in the frequency lock state, if the real-time differential pressure value measured by the second negative pressure sensor 204 continues to rise and reaches the limit blockage differential pressure threshold, and the duration exceeds the judgment period, the control mechanism 40 determines that the conventional gas-liquid load adjustment cannot eliminate the blockage trend, and switches the system from the blockage warning adjustment state to the filter resonance self-cleaning state; after entering the filter resonance self-cleaning state, the control mechanism 40 releases the frequency lock state of the main fan inverter 402 and switches to the excitation frequency control mode.

[0073] S340, the control mechanism 40 synchronously performs spray water supply status monitoring and circulating water replenishment control. The control mechanism 40 reads the data of spray pressure sensor 208, circulating liquid level sensor 206 and slurry concentration meter 205. When the spray pressure sensor 208 detects that the spray water supply pressure is lower than the preset spray pressure threshold, the preset spray pressure threshold ranges from 1.5MPa to 3.0MPa.

[0074] The control mechanism 40 increases the operating frequency of the circulating water pump 307 or opens the spray water supply regulating valve 308. When the spray water supply pressure still fails to recover to the preset spray pressure threshold, the control mechanism 40 determines that there is a risk of blockage in the clear liquid filter or nozzle and triggers a spray abnormality alarm. When the circulating liquid level sensor 206 detects that the liquid level in the sedimentation tank at the end of the circulating water storage tank is lower than the water replenishment threshold, the control mechanism 40 opens the water replenishment valve 309 to replenish the spray medium to the circulating water storage tank. When the liquid level recovers to the water replenishment stop threshold, the water replenishment valve 309 is closed. The water replenishment threshold ranges from 0.5m to 0.8m, and the water replenishment stop threshold ranges from 1.2m to 1.5m to ensure that the spray water pipe of the secondary wet dust collector continuously receives a stable water supply.

[0075] See attached document Figure 6 The filter resonant self-cleaning and synchronous sewage discharge process is executed by the control mechanism 40 in conjunction with the monitoring mechanism 20 and the drive mechanism 30. Specifically, the implementation of S400 can be achieved through the following sub-steps: S410, after executing the gas-liquid load adjustment logic, the control mechanism 40 continuously monitors the real-time differential pressure value of the wet washing stage fed back by the second negative pressure sensor 204. When the real-time differential pressure value is continuously higher than the preset limit clogging differential pressure threshold inside the control mechanism 40 and the duration exceeds the judgment period, the control mechanism 40 determines that the dust blower and demister inside the secondary wet dust collector has physical adhesion clogging that cannot be removed by conventional spray rinsing. The limit clogging differential pressure threshold is obtained by physical experiment calibration based on the maximum wind resistance allowed by the structural strength of the secondary wet dust collector. The typical range of the limit clogging differential pressure threshold is 500Pa to 800Pa and the judgment period is set to 2min to 5min.

[0076] When physical adhesion blockage occurs, the control mechanism 40 triggers the filter resonance self-cleaning program to remove the adhered dust and sludge clumps. The control mechanism 40 calculates the additional sludge mass currently attached to the surface of the dust blower based on the real-time differential pressure value and the system's initial calibrated no-load differential pressure reference. The no-load differential pressure reference ranges from 150 Pa to 300 Pa.

[0077] The physical principle for calculating the additional mud mass is that the increase in resistance of gas flowing through the porous medium is positively correlated with the volume occupied by the deposited material in the porous medium pores and the mass of the deposited material. The control mechanism 40 subtracts the no-load pressure difference benchmark from the real-time pressure difference value to obtain the pressure difference increment, and multiplies the pressure difference increment by the mud adhesion equivalence coefficient preset by the system to obtain the value of the additional mud mass. The value of the mud adhesion equivalence coefficient ranges from 0.01 kg / Pa to 0.05 kg / Pa.

[0078] The control mechanism 40 uses a built-in dynamic natural frequency prediction model for the dust demister to calculate the dynamic natural frequency of the dust demister under the current attachment state to avoid the problem of low energy transfer efficiency caused by fixed frequency aerodynamic excitation. The input data of the dynamic natural frequency prediction model includes the real-time differential pressure value measured by the second negative pressure sensor 204, the no-load differential pressure reference, the differential pressure increment, the extra mud mass estimation value, and at least one of the circulating liquid temperature or mud concentration. The output data is the target dynamic natural frequency of the dust demister. When the model output exceeds the preset frequency range or the model calculation fails, the preset frequency range is 20Hz to 80Hz. The control mechanism 40 uses the factory-calibrated frequency lookup table result or the preset frequency sweep program as the downgrade cleaning method.

[0079] The method for creating and training an adaptive filter dynamic natural frequency prediction model includes: in an offline debugging environment, standard mud of different viscosities is quantitatively sprayed into a secondary wet scrubber to simulate various typical adhesion conditions; the pressure difference increment data and the corresponding extra mud mass estimation value under each condition are collected to form the input feature dataset; simultaneously, a high-frequency laser Doppler vibrometer is used in conjunction with a fan frequency sweep test to accurately determine the true natural frequency of the dust eliminator when it generates the maximum mechanical response amplitude under each adhesion condition, which is used as the label dataset. The support vector regression algorithm is used to perform nonlinear mapping learning on the above input feature data and label data to extract the intrinsic correlation between mud load and frequency decay. After cross-validation and parameter tuning, it is finally solidified into a dynamic natural frequency prediction model for the dust blower and demister. The support vector regression algorithm preferably adopts the radial basis kernel function. The model input features include at least the pressure difference increment and the additional mud mass estimation value. The model output is the dynamic natural frequency. After the model training is completed, it is stored in the control mechanism 40 in the form of lookup table parameters, regression model parameters or embedded control program. When calculating the additional mud mass, the control mechanism 40 limits the minimum value of the additional mud mass to zero to prevent the system's logic operation unit from crashing due to a dead zone error of negative mass square root under no-ash conditions. During the calculation process, the adaptive filter dynamic natural frequency prediction model uses the following mechanical vibration mapping formula as its core physical kernel for feature dimensionality reduction calculations: ; In the formula, The dynamic natural frequency of the dust demister under the current adhesion state; The overall mechanical stiffness coefficient of the dust demister ranges from 5000 N / m to 15000 N / m. The basic unloaded mass of the dust demister is 5kg to 15kg. This refers to the additional mud mass calculated based on the pressure differential increment.

[0080] The adaptive filter dynamic natural frequency prediction model integrates the preliminary frequency calculated by the core physics kernel with the nonlinear deviation extracted by deep learning, and finally outputs a high-precision dynamic natural frequency after compensation and correction.

[0081] S420, after acquiring the dynamic natural frequency, the control mechanism 40 sends an excitation frequency command to the main fan frequency converter 402. After receiving the excitation frequency command, the main fan frequency converter 402 dynamically adjusts the operating speed of the extraction axial flow fan, so that the extraction axial flow fan outputs airflow with a specific pulsating frequency, thereby forming an aerodynamic excitation wave equal to the dynamic natural frequency to force the dust blower to enter a mechanical resonance state.

[0082] The control mechanism 40 converts the target dynamic natural frequency of the dust collector into the target output frequency of the main fan inverter 402 based on the correspondence between the number of blades of the extraction axial flow fan, the fan speed and the airflow pulsation frequency. When blade frequency excitation is used, the airflow pulsation frequency is related to the fan speed and the number of blades. The control mechanism 40 makes the airflow pulsation frequency fall within the allowable deviation range of the target dynamic natural frequency according to the correspondence. The allowable deviation range is preferably ±5% of the target dynamic natural frequency.

[0083] When the dust demister enters the mechanical resonance state, the amplitude deformation generated by the dust demister can overcome the physical adhesion between the mud clump and the metal wire of the dust demister, thereby causing the mud clump to fall off. After the pulsating excitation of the extraction axial flow fan is started, the control mechanism 40 synchronously starts the resonance protection timer inside the control mechanism 40.

[0084] When the resonance protection timer reaches the system's preset fatigue protection time limit, the control mechanism 40 forces the main fan inverter 402 to resume a stable suction speed and stop outputting aerodynamic excitation waves to prevent metal fatigue fracture of the dust demister body caused by prolonged and severe resonance. The fatigue protection time limit is set according to the material life curve of the dust demister and is between 30s and 60s.

[0085] For the frequency conversion regulation control of the pulsating output of the extraction axial flow fan, the existing dynamic speed regulation technology of the fan frequency converter can be used. The control mechanism 40 uses real-time feedback of differential pressure and closed-loop calculation of dynamic natural frequency to make the aerodynamic pulse excitation wave output by the extraction axial flow fan match the real physical characteristics of the dust collector after the dust accumulation when the cleaning action is triggered.

[0086] During the vibration cleaning process, the control mechanism 40 continuously reads the real-time differential pressure value of the second negative pressure sensor 204. When the real-time differential pressure value drops below the cleaning recovery threshold, or when the differential pressure drops to the preset effective cleaning threshold, where the cleaning recovery threshold ranges from 200Pa to 350Pa and the preset effective cleaning threshold ranges from 150Pa to 250Pa, the control mechanism 40 determines that the resonance cleaning is effective and exits the vibration frequency control mode. When the vibration cleaning reaches the fatigue protection time limit and the differential pressure still has not dropped below the cleaning recovery threshold, the control mechanism 40 stops the vibration and triggers a blockage abnormality alarm.

[0087] S430, the detached mud clumps settle into the mud collection tank at the bottom of the secondary wet dust collector under gravity. The control mechanism 40 simultaneously reads the real-time liquid level height inside the mud collection tank obtained by the mud collection tank level sensor 207 in the monitoring mechanism 20. When the real-time liquid level height rises to the high-level sewage discharge threshold set inside the control mechanism 40, the control mechanism 40 outputs an start command to the collection tank sewage pump 304 in the drive mechanism 30. The collection tank sewage pump 304 starts and pumps the high-concentration sewage inside the mud collection tank to the first sedimentation tank of the circulating water storage tank.

[0088] After the dusty wastewater settles in the circulating water tank, it forms clear liquid and sediment slurry. The clear liquid is transported back to the spray water pipe by the circulating water supply pump 307. When the sediment slurry concentration meter 205 detects that the concentration has reached the discharge threshold, the discharge threshold ranges from 15% to 25%. The control mechanism 40 simultaneously opens the discharge pneumatic ball valve 305 and the sludge suction pump 306 to discharge the wastewater from the bottom of the first sedimentation tank of the circulating water tank.

[0089] During the operation of the sludge collection tank discharge pump 304, the control mechanism 40 continuously compares the real-time liquid level with the system-set low-level water seal threshold. The high-level discharge threshold is set to 80% of the total volume of the sludge collection tank, while the low-level water seal threshold is set to 20% of the total volume of the sludge collection tank. The function of the low-level water seal threshold is to retain a minimum amount of liquid water at the bottom of the sludge collection tank so as to block the path of external air flowing back into the secondary wet scrubber and thus maintain the global negative pressure flow field state established by the main fan.

[0090] When the real-time liquid level drops to the low-level water seal threshold, the control mechanism 40 sends a control signal to shut down the collection tank sewage pump 304 to terminate the current sewage cycle. To prevent physical blockage of the sewage pipeline or damage to the liquid level transmitter from causing the collection tank sewage pump 304 to be in a continuous dry-burning state, the control mechanism 40 is equipped with a maximum sewage discharge time parameter, the value of which ranges from 5 minutes to 10 minutes.

[0091] When the continuous running time of the collection tank sewage pump 304 exceeds the maximum sewage discharge time parameter and the real-time liquid level has not dropped to the low water seal threshold, the control mechanism 40 forcibly shuts down the collection tank sewage pump 304 and triggers an abnormal alarm of the dust removal and purification control system equipment. The control mechanism 40 achieves dynamic balance between mud emptying and system negative pressure airtightness maintenance by constraining the upper and lower limits of the real-time liquid level.

[0092] To aid in understanding the technical solution of this invention, a specific application example of a mine-use dry-wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification control system is provided below.

[0093] The mine-use dry and wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification control system is deployed in the roadway space of the coal mine fully mechanized tunneling face. When the tunneling machine starts the cutting operation, it generates dust-laden airflow. The dust concentration sensor array 201 installed in front of the double-layer gas collection hood in the monitoring mechanism 20 collects the spatial discrete concentration values ​​at a preset frequency. The control mechanism 40 receives the discrete concentration values ​​transmitted by the dust concentration sensor array 201 and the environmental background concentration calibration value.

[0094] The control mechanism 40 constructs a dust concentration spatial distribution matrix from discrete concentration values ​​and inputs it into the dust spatial intelligent tracking and alignment model. The dust spatial intelligent tracking and alignment model outputs the horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle. The control mechanism 40 converts the horizontal yaw angle and vertical pitch angle into the target axial extension displacement of the explosion-proof electric push rod 301. The explosion-proof electric push rod 301 performs extension and retraction actions according to the target axial extension displacement, pushing the double-layer gas collection hood to rotate spatially around the mechanical hinge point of the base, so that the double-layer gas collection hood is aligned with the core area of ​​dust ejection.

[0095] During the process of the dust-laden airflow being transported to the first-stage cyclone dust collector through the flexible negative pressure duct inside the airflow purification mechanism 10, the control mechanism 40 reads the airflow velocity inside the flexible duct obtained by the ultrasonic airflow sensor 202 and extracts the physical pipe equivalent length parameter stored inside the control mechanism 40. The control mechanism 40 uses the physical pipe equivalent length parameter and the airflow velocity to calculate the transmission time difference of the dust reaching the separation node.

[0096] The control mechanism 40 combines the effective cross-sectional average concentration value of the dust concentration sensor array 201, the cross-sectional area parameter of the flexible negative pressure duct, and the preset centrifugal separation efficiency of the primary cyclone dust collector to calculate the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate. After a control waiting period equal to the transmission time difference, the control mechanism 40 sends a feedforward target operating speed matching the expected dry ash settling mass flow rate to the vector control motor inside the auger conveyor component 302 in the drive mechanism 30. The auger conveyor component 302 conveys the settling dry ash outward according to the feedforward target operating speed, maintaining the balance between the ash discharge rate and the dust settling rate of the ash discharge trough at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector.

[0097] After the first-stage cyclone dust collector in the airflow purification mechanism 10 performs dry centrifugal separation of large dust particles, the airflow enters the second-stage wet dust collector. The first negative pressure sensor 203 and the second negative pressure sensor 204 in the monitoring mechanism 20 transmit the real-time pressure difference values ​​of the dry separation stage and the wet washing stage to the control mechanism 40, respectively. The control mechanism 40 extracts the pressure difference rise rate of the pressure difference value fed back by the second negative pressure sensor 204.

[0098] When the differential pressure rise rate reaches the blockage warning threshold, the control mechanism 40 locks the output frequency of the main fan inverter 402 and outputs an operating signal to the eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 in the drive mechanism 30. The eccentric shaft spray adjustment component 303 drives the spray water pipe inside the secondary wet dust collector to increase the mechanical oscillation frequency, and the spray water pipe increases the water mist washing coverage.

[0099] When the real-time differential pressure value of the second negative pressure sensor 204 is higher than the ultimate blockage differential pressure threshold and the duration exceeds the judgment period, the control mechanism 40 calculates the additional mud mass attached to the surface of the dust blower and mist eliminator. The control mechanism 40 inputs the real-time differential pressure value and the additional mud mass into the dynamic natural frequency prediction model of the dust blower and mist eliminator, and the dynamic natural frequency prediction model of the dust blower and mist eliminator outputs the target dynamic natural frequency.

[0100] The control mechanism 40 sends an excitation frequency command to the main fan frequency converter 402. The main fan frequency converter 402 adjusts the output frequency of the exhaust axial flow fan to fluctuate the airflow, forcing the dust blower to generate a mechanical resonance effect. The mud clumps fall off the surface of the stainless steel wire of the dust blower and fall into the mud collection tank.

[0101] When the level sensor 207 in the mud collection tank of the monitoring mechanism 20 detects that the level has reached the high-level sewage discharge threshold, the control mechanism 40 starts the sewage discharge pump 304 in the collection tank of the drive mechanism 30. The sewage discharge pump 304 pumps the mud to the first sedimentation tank of the circulating water tank. The sedimentation tank performs physical sedimentation and media separation on the dust removal mud.

[0102] The following are the field operation test data of the mine dry and wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification control system and the conventional dust removal system without the control mechanism 40 and drive mechanism 30 adjustment components.

[0103] Table 1: Test Data of Mine-Use Dry-Wet Mixed Multi-Stage Dust Removal and Purification Control System and Conventional Control System

[0104] According to Table 1 and Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the dust concentration at the exhaust port of the mine's dry-wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification system is reduced to 9.8 mg / m³. 3 Up to 14.1 mg / m 3 The decrease in dust concentration at the exhaust port corresponds to the control mechanism 40 controlling the explosion-proof electric push rod 301 to dynamically align the dust ejection source, reducing the amount of dust-laden airflow escaping during the front-end collection stage. The standard deviation of the single ash discharge volume fluctuation of the ash discharge trough in the mine dry and wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification system is reduced to 1.2kg to 1.5kg. The decrease in the standard deviation of the ash discharge volume fluctuation corresponds to the control mechanism 40 feeding forward to adjust the operating speed of the auger conveyor component 302, maintaining the balance between ash discharge and settling in the ash discharge trough.

[0105] After 12 hours of continuous operation, the system differential pressure of the mine dry-wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification system is controlled between 238.1 Pa and 251.6 Pa. The control mechanism 40 corresponding to the system differential pressure control increases the oscillation frequency of the spray water pipe to alleviate the initial dust accumulation and blockage of the dust demister. The continuous operation time of the mine dry-wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification system before manual cleaning is extended to 328.1 h to 355.2 h. The maintenance-free cycle is extended. The control mechanism 40 uses pulsating frequency airflow to make the dust demister generate mechanical resonance, which peels off the attached dust and mud clumps.

[0106] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Acquire dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, calculate the spatial deflection angle based on the dust concentration distribution data and the airflow velocity data, and generate a first control command based on the spatial deflection angle to adjust the spatial attitude of the gas collection hood to align with the dust source. Based on the airflow velocity data, the transmission time difference of dust reaching the dry separation stage is calculated, and a second control command is generated based on the transmission time difference to feed forward and adjust the dry ash conveying speed to match the dry ash settling amount. The first negative pressure data is obtained to limit the minimum operating frequency of the main exhaust power. The second negative pressure data is obtained. When the rise rate of the second negative pressure data reaches a preset threshold, the operating frequency of the main exhaust power is locked, and a third control command is generated to change the spray swing frequency of the wet washing stage. When it is determined that the defogging filter node in the wet washing stage meets the clogging condition, a fourth control command is generated to adjust the operating frequency of the main exhaust power so that the defogging filter node resonates and peels off the attached material, and a sewage discharge signal is output simultaneously to discharge the deposited sludge.

2. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of acquiring dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, calculating the spatial deflection angle based on the dust concentration distribution data and airflow velocity data, and generating a first control command based on the spatial deflection angle to adjust the spatial attitude of the dust collection hood to align with the dust source include: Valid measurement node data are extracted from the dust concentration distribution data, and the valid measurement node data is input into a pre-trained dust spatial intelligent tracking and alignment model. The input data of the intelligent tracking and alignment model for dust space includes the concentration difference of each effective measurement node, the lateral relative plane coordinates, the longitudinal relative plane coordinates, and the airflow velocity data. The output data of the intelligent tracking and alignment model for dust space includes the horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle. The horizontal yaw angle and the vertical pitch angle are converted into target axial extension / retraction displacement, and a first control command containing the target axial extension / retraction displacement and mechanical actuation speed is generated.

3. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of inputting the effective measurement node data into the pre-trained dust spatial intelligent tracking and alignment model include: When the number of effective measurement nodes is lower than the preset minimum number of nodes, the output angle of the dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model exceeds the mechanical limit angle, or the change in the output angle between two adjacent times exceeds the preset abrupt change threshold, the direct output result of the dust space intelligent tracking and alignment model is stopped, and the calculation of the target space deflection angle is switched to spatial geometric mapping based on physical reference constraint boundary. The target spatial deflection angle includes the target horizontal yaw angle and the target vertical pitch angle; The target horizontal yaw angle is equal to the sum of the products of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node and the lateral relative plane coordinate, divided by the product of the preset effective capture focal length parameter and the sum of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node, and the arctangent value is obtained from the calculated first quotient. The target vertical pitch angle is equal to the sum of the products of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node and the longitudinal relative plane coordinate, divided by the product of the preset effective capture focal length parameter and the sum of the concentration difference of each effective measurement node, and the arctangent value is obtained from the calculated second quotient. The concentration difference is the difference obtained by subtracting the preset environmental background concentration threshold from the real-time dust concentration measurement value.

4. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the time difference of dust reaching the dry separation stage based on the airflow velocity data include: The transmission time difference is obtained by dividing the preset physical pipe equivalent length parameter by the airflow velocity data; The expected dry ash settling mass flow rate generated in the dry separation stage after the transmission time difference delay is calculated using the expected ash discharge conversion relationship. The expected dry ash settling mass flow rate is equal to the product of the preset dry centrifugal separation efficiency parameter, the effective cross-sectional average concentration value obtained based on the dust concentration distribution data, the preset nominal cross-sectional area parameter, and the airflow velocity data.

5. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of generating a second control command based on the transmission time difference to adjust the dry ash conveying speed to match the dry ash settling amount includes: The expected dry ash settling mass flow rate is divided by the product of the preset mechanical volume constant and the preset average dust bulk density parameter to obtain the feedforward target operating speed. After the countdown of the control waiting period, which is equal to the transmission time difference, ends, the second control command is generated according to the feedforward target operating speed to maintain the airtight state at the bottom of the dry separation stage.

6. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the first negative pressure data to limit the minimum operating frequency of the main exhaust power includes: The minimum sustaining air volume that must be provided is calculated using the first negative pressure data, and the minimum sustaining air volume is mapped to the minimum operating frequency boundary. The minimum operating frequency boundary is equal to twice the first negative pressure data divided by a preset standard air density parameter to obtain a quotient value. The square root value is obtained by performing a square root operation on the quotient value. The square root value is then multiplied by a preset frequency-wind speed conversion coefficient to obtain the minimum operating frequency boundary value.

7. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of locking the operating frequency of the main exhaust fan when the rate of increase of the second negative pressure data reaches a preset threshold and generating a third control command to change the spray oscillation frequency during the wet washing stage include: Output an acceleration signal to increase the frequency of the spray oscillation within the wet washing stage; When the rate of increase of the second negative pressure data is detected to fall back to zero and the duration exceeds the set hysteresis waiting period, the operating frequency lock state of the main exhaust power is released, and the spray oscillation frequency is restored to the initial oscillation frequency.

8. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it is determined that the defogging filter node in the wet washing stage meets the clogging condition, the step of generating a fourth control command to adjust the operating frequency of the main exhaust power to cause the defogging filter node to resonate and peel off the attached substances includes: The second negative pressure data is used as the real-time differential pressure value. The real-time differential pressure value is subtracted from the preset no-load differential pressure benchmark to obtain the differential pressure increment. The differential pressure increment is multiplied by the preset mud adhesion equivalent coefficient to calculate the additional mud mass. The dynamic natural frequency of the defogging filter node is calculated using a built-in dynamic natural frequency prediction model. The calculation logic for the dynamic natural frequency is as follows: the preset base unloaded mass is added to the additional mud mass to obtain the total mass; the preset overall mechanical stiffness coefficient is divided by the total mass to obtain the mass stiffness quotient; the square root of the mass stiffness quotient is obtained by performing a square root operation on the mass stiffness quotient; and the square root is divided by twice pi to obtain the dynamic natural frequency.

9. The multi-stage dust removal and purification process for mining using a combination of dry and wet methods according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of generating the fourth control command to adjust the operating frequency of the main exhaust power so that the demisting filter node resonates and peels off the deposited material, and simultaneously outputs a sewage discharge signal to discharge the deposited sludge includes: The dynamic natural frequency is converted into the target output frequency, and the main exhaust power output is dynamically adjusted to produce an airflow with a pulsating frequency, forming an aerodynamic excitation wave equal to the dynamic natural frequency. Synchronously start the resonance protection timer, and when the resonance protection timer reaches the system's preset fatigue protection time limit, forcefully restore the stable suction speed; The real-time liquid level of the mud collection tank is read synchronously. When the real-time liquid level rises to the high-level discharge threshold, the discharge action is performed. When the real-time liquid level drops to the low-level water seal threshold, the discharge action is stopped, and the liquid water is retained to prevent the reverse flow of external air.

10. A multi-stage dust removal and purification control system for mining applications, characterized in that: Using the mining dry-wet mixed multi-stage dust removal and purification process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the control system includes: The airflow purification mechanism includes a front-end collection component, a multi-stage dust removal component, and a water circulation treatment component. The front-end collection component includes a double-layer air collection hood and a flexible negative pressure air duct. The multi-stage dust removal component includes a primary cyclone dust collector, a secondary wet dust collector, and an exhaust axial flow fan. The secondary wet dust collector has spray water pipes and a dust blowing demister arranged sequentially along the airflow direction inside. The water circulation treatment component includes a circulating water storage tank. The monitoring system includes a dust concentration sensor array arranged in front of the double-layer gas collection hood, as well as an ultrasonic air volume sensor, a first negative pressure sensor, a second negative pressure sensor, a slurry concentration meter, a circulating liquid level sensor, a mud collection tank liquid level sensor, and a spray pressure sensor. The drive mechanism includes explosion-proof electric push rods symmetrically hinged to the outer wall of the double-layer gas collection hood, as well as an auger conveyor component configured at the bottom of the primary cyclone dust collector, an eccentric shaft spray adjustment component that drives and connects to the spray water pipe, a liquid collection tank sewage pump, a sewage pneumatic ball valve, a sludge suction pump, a circulating water supply pump, a spray water supply adjustment valve, and a water replenishment valve. The control mechanism includes a mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation and a main fan frequency converter. The input end of the mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation is connected to the monitoring mechanism, and the output end of the mine explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control substation is connected to the drive mechanism and the main fan frequency converter, respectively.

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