Method, system and electronic device for regulating co2 mineralization sequestration process

Abstract

The application provides a CO2 mineralization sealing process regulation method, system and electronic equipment, relates to the technical field of carbon capture, utilization and storage, and the method comprises the following steps: according to a pre-set reaction process regulation parameter, injecting CO2 into a CO2 mineralization sealing reaction zone, and acquiring reaction data in the reaction zone in real time; determining a CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data; updating the pre-set reaction process regulation parameter according to the deviation of the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and a pre-set target reaction rate, so as to adjust the state of injecting CO2 into the reaction zone; the problem that the reaction rate cannot be acquired in real time in the prior art, resulting in regulation lag and low efficiency, is solved, real-time closed-loop regulation of the CO2 mineralization sealing process is realized, and the sealing efficiency and safety are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology, and more specifically, to a method, system and electronic equipment for controlling the CO2 mineralization and storage process. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, CO2 mineralization and sequestration technology is considered an important approach to achieving carbon emission reduction. It utilizes alkaline materials such as industrial solid waste (e.g., coal gangue) and mine water to react with CO2, generating stable carbonates for permanent sequestration. Existing CO2 mineralization and sequestration processes typically employ a set-value control method, which involves monitoring physical parameters such as pressure and temperature within the reactor and maintaining them within a preset safety range. However, this control method only focuses on the stability of physical parameters and cannot directly reflect the actual progress of the chemical reaction. Since the mineralization reaction rate is affected by various factors, relying solely on set-value control of physical parameters often leads to large fluctuations in the reaction rate, low sequestration efficiency, and significant lag in regulation, making it difficult to achieve precise optimization of the reaction process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, and electronic device for controlling the CO2 mineralization and storage process, so as to alleviate the technical problems of the inability to know the reaction rate in real time, which leads to control lag and low efficiency.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for controlling a CO2 mineralization and storage process. The method includes: injecting CO2 into a CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone according to a pre-set reaction process control parameter, and acquiring reaction data in the reaction zone in real time; determining the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data; and updating the pre-set reaction process control parameter according to the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and a preset target reaction rate, so as to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone.

[0005] In some optional implementations, the above reaction process control parameters include: CO2 injection pressure setpoint, CO2 inlet flow rate, slurry replenishment flow rate, and / or stirring rate.

[0006] In some optional implementations, the reaction data within the aforementioned reaction zone includes: pressure data, gas-liquid volume data, and reaction temperature; the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time based on the acquired reaction data, including: determining the pressure change rate based on the pressure data; determining the ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume based on the gas-liquid volume data; and determining the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the pressure change rate, the gas-liquid phase volume ratio, the reaction temperature, and a predetermined gas constant.

[0007] In some optional implementations, when the CO2 in the reaction zone is in a non-ideal gas state, the pressure change rate is corrected based on the gas compressibility factor, and the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time using the corrected pressure change rate.

[0008] In some optional implementations, the pre-set reaction process control parameters are updated based on the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate. This includes: performing proportional, integral, and differential calculations based on the deviation, superimposing the calculation results to generate a control output, and using the control output to continuously adjust the reaction process control parameters.

[0009] In some optional implementations, updating the aforementioned pre-set reaction process control parameters includes: when the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is lower than a first threshold, increasing the CO2 injection pressure setting by a preset pressure adjustment step, or increasing the CO2 inlet flow rate by a preset flow adjustment step; when the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is higher than a second threshold, decreasing the CO2 injection pressure setting by a preset pressure adjustment step, or decreasing the CO2 inlet flow rate by a preset flow adjustment step; when the liquid phase pH value in the reaction zone is lower than a third threshold, decreasing the CO2 injection pressure setting by a preset pressure adjustment step, decreasing the CO2 inlet flow rate by a preset flow adjustment step, or increasing the slurry replenishment flow rate by a preset slurry adjustment step.

[0010] In some optional implementations, the CO2 mineralization and sequestration reaction zone is a reaction zone containing a slurry formed by coal gangue and mine water; the method for obtaining the preset target reaction rate includes: collecting coal gangue and mine water samples from the target mine and measuring physicochemical parameters; determining the main reaction pathway of CO2 mineralization reaction in the slurry based on the above physicochemical parameters and combining thermodynamic equilibrium simulation; designing and implementing a multi-factor orthogonal experiment based on the above main reaction pathway to establish a multi-factor reaction rate model; selecting the rate value that meets the sequestration scale and efficiency requirements from the above multi-factor reaction rate model and setting it as the preset target reaction rate.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a control system for a CO2 mineralization and storage process, comprising: a data acquisition unit, configured to inject CO2 into a CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone according to preset reaction process control parameters, and to acquire reaction data in the reaction zone in real time; a reaction rate determination unit, configured to determine the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data; and a control parameter update unit, configured to update the preset reaction process control parameters according to the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate, so as to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone.

[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can run on the processor, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in any of the first aspects above.

[0013] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method described in any of the first aspects above.

[0014] This invention provides a method, system, and electronic device for controlling the CO2 mineralization and storage process. The method includes: injecting CO2 into the CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone according to pre-set reaction process control parameters, and acquiring reaction data within the reaction zone in real time; determining the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data; and updating the pre-set reaction process control parameters according to the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone. This invention solves the problems of lagging control and low efficiency caused by the inability to obtain the reaction rate in real time in the prior art, and realizes real-time closed-loop control of the CO2 mineralization and storage process, significantly improving storage efficiency and safety. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for controlling a CO2 mineralization and storage process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for determining the CO2 mineralization reaction rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a control system for a CO2 mineralization and storage process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Current CO2 mineralization and storage processes commonly employ a setpoint control strategy based on physical parameters. This involves real-time monitoring of key physical parameters such as pressure and temperature within the reactor and maintaining them within preset safety thresholds. However, this control method only ensures the stability of physical parameters and cannot directly characterize the actual progress of the chemical reaction. Given that the mineralization reaction rate is influenced by multiple coupled factors, relying solely on setpoint control of physical parameters often leads to significant fluctuations in the reaction rate and low storage efficiency. Furthermore, this control method exhibits a significant regulatory lag, making it difficult to achieve precise optimization control of the reaction process.

[0019] Based on this, the present invention provides a method, system, and electronic device for controlling the CO2 mineralization and storage process to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0020] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, a method for controlling the CO2 mineralization and storage process disclosed in this embodiment of the invention will first be described in detail. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 The diagram shows a flow chart of a method for controlling a CO2 mineralization and storage process. This method can be applied to the control system of a CO2 mineralization and storage process, and mainly includes the following steps S102 to S106: Step S102: According to the preset reaction process control parameters, CO2 is injected into the CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone, and the reaction data in the reaction zone is acquired in real time.

[0021] The CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone usually refers to the physical space where the mineralization reaction takes place, such as a high-pressure reactor or underground storage area containing slurry formed by coal gangue and mine water.

[0022] During the reaction initiation phase, the control system first loads pre-set reaction process control parameters, which define the initial state of CO2 injection, such as initial injection pressure and initial flow rate. Subsequently, the control unit controls the injection pump and other actuators to continuously inject CO2 gas into the reaction zone according to preset parameters, causing it to chemically react with the calcium and magnesium mineral components in the slurry. Throughout this process, the system can collect reaction data in real time through monitoring units deployed at the inlet, outlet, and key nodes of the reaction zone.

[0023] The reaction data described in this embodiment refers to physical or chemical parameters that can directly or indirectly reflect the reaction process, including but not limited to pressure data, temperature data, gas phase volume data, liquid phase volume data, and slurry pH value within the reaction zone. Real-time acquisition of this data provides the basic input for subsequent reaction rate calculation. It should be understood that this embodiment does not limit the specific sensor type used for data acquisition, as long as it meets the requirements for real-time performance and accuracy.

[0024] Step S104: Determine the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data.

[0025] This step is the core of the entire control method. Traditional offline sampling and analysis methods require interrupting the reaction or waiting for a long laboratory analysis period, which cannot meet the needs of real-time control. This embodiment achieves real-time rate calculation by establishing a mapping relationship between reaction data and reaction rate.

[0026] Since CO2 mineralization is a process that consumes gaseous CO2 and generates solid carbonates, the reaction is inevitably accompanied by continuous changes in certain physical quantities within the reaction system. For example, as CO2 is consumed, the gas phase pressure tends to decrease. Therefore, by monitoring real-time changes in reaction data such as pressure and volume, and using physical or chemical kinetic models for calculation, the current mineralization reaction rate can be derived in real time. This process requires no manual intervention and is automatically completed by the control system, greatly shortening the feedback time.

[0027] Step S106: Based on the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate, update the preset reaction process control parameters to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone.

[0028] The preset target reaction rate can be an ideal reaction rate value pre-set based on the target storage scale, efficiency requirements, or material characteristics. The control system compares the current reaction rate determined in real time in step S104 with this target value and calculates the deviation between the two. This deviation reflects the degree of deviation between the current reaction state and the ideal state. If the real-time rate is lower than the target rate, it indicates insufficient reaction kinetics, requiring enhanced reaction conditions; if the real-time rate is higher than the target rate, there may be a risk of excessively rapid reaction leading to scaling or excessive pressure, requiring reaction suppression.

[0029] Based on this deviation, the system dynamically updates the reaction process control parameters, such as adjusting the CO2 injection pressure setpoint and changing the inlet flow rate. The updated parameters then act on the actuators to change the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone (e.g., increasing or decreasing the injection rate), thereby achieving closed-loop control of the reaction process. Through the cyclical execution of monitoring-calculation-control, the system can consistently maintain the mineralization reaction rate within the target range, ensuring the efficiency and safety of the sealing process.

[0030] The above embodiments, by acquiring reaction data in real time and calculating the reaction rate, use the reaction rate as a feedback variable to drive the dynamic update of the injection parameters. This solves the problem of lag in traditional offline detection and achieves real-time closed-loop control of the CO2 mineralization and storage process, significantly improving storage efficiency and safety. More importantly, the above three steps are not simply a series of independent technical means, but constitute a closed-loop control architecture with inherent synergistic effects. That is, the real-time acquired reaction data is both the input for calculating the reaction rate and the object of the control parameter update. The effect of the control action can be perceived and quantified in real time, forming a tight coupling relationship between measurement and control, thereby achieving a more accurate and efficient control effect than applying each technical means independently.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the specific implementation process of determining the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time in step S104 is described in detail. This method utilizes the principle of pressure decay to infer the chemical reaction rate by monitoring changes in physical parameters within the reaction system, thereby avoiding the time lag of traditional chemical analysis methods.

[0032] Specifically, the reaction data within the reaction zone may include: pressure data, gas-liquid volume data, and reaction temperature. In step S104, the process of determining the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data is described in [reference needed]. Figure 2 As shown, it may specifically include the following sub-steps: Step S201: Determine the pressure change rate based on the pressure data.

[0033] The system acquires pressure values ​​within the reaction zone at high frequency and calculates the pressure change trend over time, i.e., dP / dt, using differential or finite difference algorithms. For example, the system acquires pressure data once per second and calculates the pressure change rate at the current moment by the ratio of the pressure difference between adjacent moments to the time difference.

[0034] Since CO2 mineralization is a process that consumes gaseous CO2 and generates solid carbonates, the amount of gaseous CO2 in the reactor continuously decreases as the reaction proceeds. Under constant volume conditions, this directly manifests as a decrease in gaseous pressure. Therefore, there is a direct physical relationship between the pressure change rate dP / dt and the reaction rate.

[0035] Step S202: Determine the ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume based on gas-liquid volume data.

[0036] The total volume of the reaction zone is fixed, and the volume V of the liquid slurry can be obtained in real time using a level gauge or injection volume meter. l gas phase volume V g The gas-liquid volume ratio V is obtained by subtracting the liquid volume from the total volume. g / V l It reflects the size of the interface between the gas and liquid phases and the mass transfer conditions in the reaction system, and is a key parameter affecting the accuracy of reaction rate calculation.

[0037] Step S203: Based on the pressure change rate, the ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume, the reaction temperature, and the predetermined gas constant, the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time.

[0038] Under ideal gas conditions, gaseous CO2 follows the ideal gas law PV = nRT. Differentiating with respect to time t, we get: d(n) / dt = (Vg / RT)dP / dt. Considering that the reaction rate r is usually expressed as the consumption rate per unit volume of liquid phase, we divide the gas phase consumption rate by the liquid phase volume V. l The reaction rate calculation formula is obtained as follows: r CO2 ( t )=( V g / V l RT ) d P / d t ; Where R is the gas constant and T is the real-time monitored reaction temperature. Using this formula, the system can calculate the microscopic reaction rate in real time based solely on easily measurable physical quantities such as pressure, temperature, and volume, greatly improving the timeliness of feedback control.

[0039] Furthermore, considering that in actual underground CO2 storage scenarios in mines, higher injection pressures are often used to improve storage efficiency.

[0040] When CO2 in the reaction zone is in a non-ideal gas state, such as when the pressure exceeds 5 MPa, the intermolecular forces and the volume of the molecules themselves cannot be ignored. In this case, if the ideal gas law is still used for calculation, a large deviation will occur. Therefore, this embodiment introduces a correction logic: the pressure change rate is corrected based on the gas compressibility factor, and the corrected pressure change rate is used to determine the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time.

[0041] Specifically, the compressibility factor Z measures the degree to which a real gas deviates from an ideal gas, and its value depends on the type of gas, temperature, and pressure. Under high-pressure conditions, the equation of state for a real gas is modified to PV = ZnRT. Correspondingly, the formula for calculating the reaction rate is modified as follows: r CO2 ( t )=(V g / V l ZRT)dP / dt.

[0042] The system can have a built-in CO2 gas compressibility factor database or empirical formula, and obtain the current compressibility factor Z value by looking up a table or calculating based on the real-time monitored pressure P and temperature T.

[0043] For example, under operating conditions of 8 MPa pressure and 40°C temperature, the compressibility factor Z of CO2 might be around 0.6. Without correction, the calculated reaction rate would deviate by approximately 60%. By introducing the compressibility factor Z, systematic errors under high-pressure conditions are eliminated, ensuring the accuracy of the reaction rate calculation and thus providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent precise control.

[0044] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the specific strategy for updating the pre-set reaction process control parameters in step S106 is described in detail. This embodiment adopts a multi-parameter coupled PID closed-loop control strategy, aiming to solve the problem of lag or inappropriate adjustment amplitude of a single parameter, and achieve precise tracking of the reaction rate.

[0045] Specifically, the process of updating the pre-set reaction process control parameters based on the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate involves first performing proportional, integral, and differential calculations based on the deviation, then superimposing the calculation results to generate a control output quantity, and finally using the control output quantity to continuously adjust the reaction process control parameters.

[0046] The control system integrates a PID control algorithm module, which calculates the deviation e(t) between the target speed and the real-time speed in real time, where e(t) = r target -r CO2(t) Subsequently, the system calculates the current value, historical cumulative value, and trend of the deviation based on the preset proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, and derivative coefficient Kd, and then superimposes these to generate the final control output u(t). This continuous adjustment method avoids system oscillations caused by on / off control, allowing parameters such as injection pressure or flow rate to smoothly transition to the target value, thus ensuring the stability of the reaction system.

[0047] Furthermore, to address potential extreme conditions during the mineralization reaction, this embodiment, in addition to continuous PID control, can introduce threshold-based stepped control logic as a safety net and rapid response mechanism. The pre-set reaction process control parameters are updated, specifically for the following conditions: (1) When the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is lower than the first threshold, it indicates that the current reaction motive force is insufficient. At this time, the system determines that the reaction is in a "low-speed" state and the reaction conditions need to be strengthened. At this time, the system increases the CO2 injection pressure setting value by a preset pressure adjustment step, or increases the CO2 inlet flow rate by a preset flow rate adjustment step.

[0048] For example, if the first threshold is set to 0.4 mol / L / min, when the real-time rate is lower than this value, the system will automatically increase the injection pressure setting by 0.1 MPa or increase the inlet flow rate by 0.5 m³ / h. The step size mentioned here refers to the parameter value changed in each adjustment action. Its magnitude can be preset according to the volume of the reactor and the characteristics of the pipeline to ensure the adjustment effect while avoiding overshoot.

[0049] (2) When the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is higher than the second threshold, it indicates that the reaction is too vigorous and may cause the gas phase to be consumed too quickly, resulting in a sudden drop in pressure or scaling and blockage of the product. At this time, the system determines that the reaction is in a "high-speed" state and needs to suppress the reaction. At this time, the system reduces the CO2 injection pressure setting value by a preset pressure adjustment step or reduces the CO2 intake flow rate by a preset flow adjustment step.

[0050] For example, if the second threshold is set to 0.6 mol / L / min, when the real-time rate is higher than this value, the system will automatically reduce the injection pressure setting by 0.1 MPa or reduce the gas flow rate by 0.5 m³ / h to reduce the driving force of gas-liquid mass transfer and bring the reaction rate back to the target range.

[0051] (3) When the pH value of the liquid phase in the reaction zone is lower than the third threshold, it indicates that the acidity in the system is too high, which may cause corrosion to the equipment or inhibit subsequent mineralization precipitation. At this time, the system is determined to be in an "acidification risk" state. At this time, the system will reduce the CO2 injection pressure setting by a preset pressure adjustment step, reduce the CO2 inlet flow rate by a preset flow adjustment step, or increase the slurry supply flow rate by a preset slurry adjustment step.

[0052] For example, if the third threshold is set to pH=4.5, when the monitored pH value is lower than this value, in addition to reducing the CO2 supply, the system can also start the slurry supply pump to increase the injection volume of alkaline slurry in steps of 10L / min, so as to neutralize the excess acidity in the system and maintain the stability of the reaction environment.

[0053] Furthermore, when the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is between the first and second thresholds, it indicates that the current reaction rate is within a reasonable range, and the system determines that the reaction is in a "normal" state. At this time, continuous PID control is sufficient to maintain the reaction rate near the target value, without triggering the step-wise control logic. The system maintains the current reaction process control parameters unchanged, or only makes small, continuous adjustments to the control parameters through PID calculations, so that the reaction rate smoothly tracks the preset target reaction rate.

[0054] For example, if the first threshold is set to 0.4 mol L / min and the second threshold is set to 0.6 mol L / min, when the real-time rate is within the range of 0.4-0.6 mol L / min, the system only relies on the PID control output to make small and continuous corrections to the injection pressure or intake flow rate, without performing step-by-step pressure or flow rate increase or decrease operations, thus avoiding unnecessary parameter disturbances and ensuring the stable operation of the reaction system.

[0055] The reaction process control parameters involved in the above adjustment process may specifically include: CO2 injection pressure setpoint, CO2 inlet flow rate, slurry replenishment flow rate, and / or stirring rate. It should be understood that these parameters are not completely independent but rather coupled. For example, increasing the injection pressure usually improves gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, thereby accelerating the reaction rate; while increasing the stirring rate can improve solid-liquid mixing uniformity and reduce external diffusion resistance. In actual operation, the system can select single-parameter adjustment or multi-parameter coordinated adjustment according to preset control priorities to achieve optimal control of the CO2 mineralization and sequestration process.

[0056] In another embodiment, based on the above-mentioned parameter coupling characteristics, this embodiment further constructs a two-layer control architecture that combines PID continuous regulation and threshold step regulation. The two layers are not simply superimposed, but form a complementary and synergistic mechanism.

[0057] Specifically, the PID continuous control layer is responsible for tracking the target rate smoothly and gradually when the response rate is in the normal range (between the first threshold and the second threshold). Its advantage is that the adjustment process is without sudden changes and the system response is stable. The threshold step control layer, as a safety fallback mechanism, pulls the rate back to the safe range with a step-by-step rapid action when the response rate deviates from the normal range and enters extreme conditions. Its advantage is that the response is rapid and the adjustment force is clear.

[0058] Using PID continuous regulation alone results in insufficient response speed under extreme conditions, potentially leading to prolonged deviations from the target. Conversely, using inter-step regulation alone generates frequent on-off oscillations within the normal range, disrupting the stability of the reaction system. This embodiment's dual-layer architecture, by assigning two regulation logics to their respective most suitable operating ranges, achieves a synergistic control effect of smooth tracking under normal conditions and rapid correction under extreme conditions—an effect that no single regulation strategy can achieve. In actual operation, the system can automatically switch or superimpose between the two layers based on preset control priorities and the current operating state to achieve optimal control of the CO2 mineralization and storage process.

[0059] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the method for obtaining the preset target reaction rate in step S106 is described in detail. The CO2 mineralization and sequestration reaction zone described in this embodiment is a reaction zone containing a slurry formed from coal gangue and mine water. Because the composition of coal gangue and mine water from different mines varies greatly, directly applying general reaction rate parameters often leads to control deviations. Therefore, offline modeling is required for specific reactants to scientifically determine the control target.

[0060] Specifically, the method for obtaining the preset target reaction rate may include the following steps: Step S301: Collect coal gangue and mine water samples from the target mine and determine their physicochemical parameters.

[0061] The physicochemical parameters include: mineral composition, calcium and magnesium content, particle size distribution, specific surface area, surface morphology, pH value, ionic composition, and total dissolved solids.

[0062] In practice, coal gangue samples can be crushed and sieved. XRD (X-ray diffraction) technology can be used to quantitatively analyze its mineral composition, XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) can be used to determine calcium and magnesium content, BET nitrogen adsorption method can be used to determine specific surface area, and laser particle size analyzer can be used to determine particle size distribution. For mine water samples, the focus is on determining their pH value and major ionic composition (such as Ca²⁺). + Mg² + HCO3 - SO4² - (etc.) and total dissolved solids (TDS). These physicochemical parameters are the foundational data for subsequent thermodynamic simulations and reaction pathway analyses, directly determining the accuracy of the reaction kinetic model.

[0063] Step S302: Based on physicochemical parameters and combined with thermodynamic equilibrium simulation, determine the main reaction pathway of CO2 mineralization reaction in slurry.

[0064] Specifically, the mineral composition and hydrochemical parameters measured in step S301 can be used to simulate and calculate the dissolution, hydration, and carbonate precipitation processes of CO2 in the slurry system using thermodynamic equilibrium simulation software (such as Phreeqc or TOUGHreact).

[0065] By calculating the saturation index (SI) of each component and the dominant precipitate phase, the possible chemical reaction equations in the system are determined, such as the weathering and carbonatization reaction of anorthite or the mineralization reaction of magnesium silicate, thereby identifying the key rate-controlling steps (such as surface chemical reaction control or diffusion control). This step provides physicochemical mechanism support for the subsequent construction of reaction rate models.

[0066] Step S303: Based on the main reaction pathway, design and implement a multi-factor orthogonal experiment to establish a multi-factor reaction rate model.

[0067] In practical implementation, experimental schemes can be designed based on orthogonal experimental theory, selecting factors and their levels that significantly affect the reaction rate. For example, coal gangue particle size (e.g., 0.025mm, 0.1mm, 0.25mm), reaction temperature (e.g., 20℃, 50℃, 80℃), CO2 partial pressure (e.g., 1MPa, 4MPa, 8MPa), and liquid-solid ratio (e.g., 1:1, 3:1, 5:1) can be selected as factors to be considered, constructing an L9(3) experimental design. 4 Orthogonal experimental design. Dynamic mineralization experiments were conducted in a high-temperature, high-pressure reactor, with real-time monitoring of pressure, temperature, and pH changes during the reaction process. Reaction rates under different operating conditions were calculated. Based on the experimental data, a multi-factor reaction rate model was established through nonlinear regression fitting, and its expression is as follows: r = k 0 e -Ea / RT P α CO2 ( L / S ) β d γ p (1 X ) η ; Where r is the reaction rate (mol·L⁻¹) - ¹·min -¹), k0 is the pre-exponential factor; Ea is the apparent activation energy; R is the gas constant; T is the reaction temperature (K); PCO2 is the partial pressure of CO2; L / S is the liquid-to-solid ratio; dp is the average particle size of gangue; X is the reaction conversion rate; α, β, γ, and η are the reaction orders of each factor. This model quantitatively describes the nonlinear relationship between parameters such as temperature, pressure, and particle size and the reaction rate.

[0068] Among them, k0, Ea and each reaction order parameter are preferably obtained by nonlinear regression fitting of the data obtained from the above dynamic mineralization experiment; the values ​​of α, β, γ and η are based on the joint calibration of the results of orthogonal experiment and dynamic experiment, and the value range is determined by the fitting interval of experimental data, rather than a preset fixed constant.

[0069] Step S304: Select the rate value that meets the requirements of storage scale and efficiency from the multi-factor reaction rate model and set it as the preset target reaction rate.

[0070] Specifically, an optimal operating point can be selected on the model curve based on the daily processing capacity requirements of the target storage project and the safe operating window of the equipment. For example, if the goal is to maximize storage efficiency while ensuring the pressure resistance safety of the equipment, the value with the higher reaction rate in the model and the corresponding process parameters (such as pressure and temperature) within the safe operating range of the equipment can be selected as the preset target reaction rate. Through the above steps, the control target is no longer an empirical value, but a scientifically calculated value based on the specific material characteristics and process conditions, thereby significantly improving the pertinence and effectiveness of subsequent closed-loop control.

[0071] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a control system for the CO2 mineralization and storage process. This system is used to implement the control method described in any of the above embodiments. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 As shown, the system mainly includes a data acquisition unit 310, a reaction rate determination unit 320, and a control parameter update unit 330. The units are connected to each other through signal lines or data buses to achieve real-time closed-loop control of the mineralization and storage process.

[0072] Specifically, the data acquisition unit 310 is used to inject CO2 into the CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone according to the preset reaction process control parameters, and to acquire the reaction data in the reaction zone in real time.

[0073] In terms of hardware implementation, the data acquisition unit mainly includes various sensor components deployed in the reaction zone and key pipeline nodes. For example, to acquire pressure data, the data acquisition unit includes a high-precision pressure sensor, which is installed on the top of the reactor or on the gas phase pipeline, with a range covering 0-10 MPa or even higher, and an accuracy preferably of 0.01 MPa, used to monitor gas phase pressure changes in real time; to acquire gas-liquid volume data, the data acquisition unit includes a level gauge or differential pressure transmitter, used to monitor the liquid level height in the reactor in real time, and then calculate the gas phase volume V based on the total volume of the reactor. g and liquid volume V l To obtain the reaction temperature, the data acquisition unit includes a resistance temperature detector (RTD) or thermocouple temperature sensor, which is inserted into the slurry inside the reactor. Additionally, the data acquisition unit includes a mass flow meter to monitor the CO2 injection flow rate and a pH meter to monitor the slurry's acidity or alkalinity. These sensors convert the acquired analog signals into digital signals and transmit them to the reaction rate determination unit via a data acquisition module (such as a PLC or DAQ card).

[0074] The reaction rate determination unit 320 is used to determine the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data. This unit is typically implemented by a controller or processor with data processing capabilities, such as an industrial computer, embedded controller, or microcontroller. The reaction rate determination unit has a pre-installed calculation program configured to execute the rate calculation logic described in the above embodiments.

[0075] Specifically, the reaction rate determination unit receives real-time data such as pressure P(t), temperature T(t), and volumes Vg and Vl from the data acquisition unit. First, it calculates the pressure change rate dP / dt using a differential algorithm. Then, it calls the pre-stored gas constant R and compressibility factor Z (if under high-pressure conditions) in memory and performs real-time calculations according to the formula r=(Vg / Vl)(1 / ZRT)(dP / dt), outputting the CO2 mineralization reaction rate at the current moment. This unit transforms reaction rate indicators, which originally required offline laboratory analysis, into millisecond-level real-time calculated values, significantly reducing feedback latency.

[0076] The control parameter update unit 330 is used to update the preset reaction process control parameters according to the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate, so as to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone.

[0077] This unit can also be implemented by the aforementioned controller or processor, or by an independent regulator (such as a PID regulator). The control parameter update unit internally stores a preset target reaction rate and the control algorithm (PID algorithm and threshold judgment logic) described in the above embodiments. This unit receives the real-time rate value output by the reaction rate determination unit and calculates its deviation e(t) from the target value. When the deviation exceeds the allowable range, the control parameter update unit generates a corresponding control command.

[0078] In terms of hardware connectivity, the output of the control parameter update unit is connected to the field actuator. For example, its output can be connected to the inverter control terminal of the CO2 injection pump, adjusting the pump speed by regulating the inverter frequency, thereby adjusting the CO2 intake flow rate; or it can be connected to the actuator of the pressure regulating valve, controlling the injection pressure setpoint by adjusting the valve opening; or it can be connected to the control terminal of the slurry supply pump and the driver of the mixing motor to adjust the slurry supply flow rate and mixing speed.

[0079] Through the aforementioned hardware connection and signal transmission, the control parameter update unit can convert the calculated control output into actual physical actions, drive the actuator to adjust the injection state, thereby achieving real-time closed-loop control of the mineralization reaction process and ensuring that the reaction rate is always maintained within a highly efficient and safe range.

[0080] This invention provides a method and system for controlling the CO2 mineralization and storage process. By collecting real-time data on pressure, temperature, and gas-liquid volume in the reaction zone, and using the pressure decay method to calculate the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time, it solves the problems of offline analysis lag and inability to perceive the reaction process in real time in existing technologies. Based on the real-time calculated reaction rate, the system constructs a PID closed-loop control logic with rate deviation as feedback, which can dynamically adjust the CO2 injection pressure, flow rate, and slurry replenishment parameters to keep the mineralization reaction within a highly efficient and safe range. Simultaneously, by combining a pre-established reaction rate model based on multi-factor orthogonal experiments, precise matching between the control target and material characteristics is achieved, further improving the automation level and storage efficiency of the CO2 storage process in mine waste.

[0081] To verify the practical application effect of the control method and system described in this invention, the following section will provide a detailed introduction to the method and system in conjunction with a specific application example.

[0082] This embodiment selects a coal mine gangue backfilling and sealing area as an application scenario for detailed explanation. This area utilizes the space of abandoned underground roadways to construct a CO2 mineralization and sealing reaction system, aiming to react the injected CO2 with a slurry of mixed coal gangue and mine water to achieve permanent CO2 sealing.

[0083] Specifically, the CO2 mineralization and sequestration reaction zone described in this embodiment is a reaction zone containing a slurry formed from coal gangue and mine water. At the application site, the coal gangue, after crushing and screening, has an average particle size controlled to approximately 0.1 mm, and is mixed with mine water at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 3:1 to form a slurry. Before system startup, the preset target reaction rate acquisition step is first executed: coal gangue and mine water samples are collected from the target mine, physicochemical parameters are measured, the main reaction pathway is determined by thermodynamic equilibrium simulation, and a reaction rate model is established through multi-factor orthogonal experiments. Finally, based on the daily processing capacity requirements of the mining area, the preset target reaction rate is set to 0.5 mol / L / min.

[0084] After the system is put into operation, the following control procedure is executed: CO2 is injected into the CO2 mineralization and sequestration reaction zone according to the pre-set reaction process control parameters, and reaction data within the reaction zone is acquired in real time. In the initial stage, the CO2 injection pressure is set to 2.0 MPa, the CO2 inlet flow rate is set to 5.0 m³ / h, and the stirring rate is set to 200 r / min. The data acquisition unit collects pressure data, gas-liquid volume data, and reaction temperature within the reaction zone in real time through pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and a level gauge, at a frequency of 1 time per second.

[0085] Based on the acquired reaction data, the system determines the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time. In the initial stage of operation, due to the rapid dissolution of gaseous CO2 in the reactor, the pressure data shows a decreasing trend from 2.0 MPa. The system determines the pressure change rate based on the pressure data and the ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume based on the gas-liquid volume data. Combining this with the reaction temperature and gas constant, the system calculates the reaction rate in real time. Considering the high pressure under downhole conditions, the system automatically determines that CO2 is in a non-ideal gas state and corrects the pressure change rate based on the gas compressibility factor, ensuring the accuracy of the calculation results.

[0086] As the reaction proceeded, the system monitored fluctuations in the real-time reaction rate. At the 30-minute mark, due to partial passivation of the coal gangue surface leading to a decrease in reaction kinetics, the real-time calculated reaction rate dropped to 0.35 mol / L / min, below the preset first threshold (set to 0.4 mol / L / min). At this point, the control parameter update unit triggered the threshold adjustment logic, determining that the reaction was in a "low-speed" state. The system automatically increased the CO2 injection pressure setpoint by a preset pressure adjustment step of 0.1 MPa, raising the injection pressure to 2.1 MPa. After the pressure increase, the gas-liquid mass transfer driving force strengthened, and the reaction rate gradually recovered.

[0087] At the 60-minute mark, the system temperature rose slightly due to the exothermic reaction, and the reaction rate briefly increased to 0.65 mol / L / min, exceeding the preset second threshold (set to 0.6 mol / L / min). The system determined that the reaction was too vigorous and then performed proportional, integral, and derivative calculations based on the deviation to generate a control output, reducing the CO2 inlet flow rate by a preset flow adjustment step of 0.5 m³ / h, thus bringing the reaction rate back to the target range.

[0088] Throughout the entire operation, the system maintained closed-loop control. When the liquid phase pH value was detected to be close to 4.4 (below the third threshold of 4.5), the system immediately started the slurry supply pump, increasing the slurry supply flow rate, effectively neutralizing the acidity of the system and avoiding the risk of equipment corrosion.

[0089] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, specifically, the electronic device includes a processor and a storage device; the storage device stores a computer program, and the computer program, when run by the processor, executes the method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0090] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 400 includes: a processor 410, a memory 420, a communication interface 430, and a bus 440. The memory 420 stores machine-readable instructions that can be executed by the processor 410. When the electronic device is running, the processor 410 communicates with the memory 420 through the bus 440. The processor 410 executes the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the method described above.

[0091] Specifically, the memory 420 and processor 410 can be general-purpose memory and processor, without any specific limitations. When the processor 410 runs the computer program stored in the memory 420, it can execute the above method.

[0092] Processor 410 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of processor 410 or by instructions in software form. The processor 410 may be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can reside in a mature storage medium in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory 420, and processor 410 reads the information from memory 420 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0093] Corresponding to the above method, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are called and run by a processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to perform the steps of the above method.

[0094] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0095] Furthermore, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0096] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0097] It should be noted that if the functionality is implemented as a software module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0098] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0099] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the CO2 mineralization and sequestration process, characterized in that, The method includes: According to the pre-set reaction process control parameters, CO2 is injected into the CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone, and the reaction data in the reaction zone is acquired in real time. The CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time based on the acquired reaction data; Based on the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate, the preset reaction process control parameters are updated to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction process control parameters include: CO2 injection pressure setpoint, CO2 inlet flow rate, slurry replenishment flow rate, and / or stirring rate.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction data within the reaction zone includes: pressure data, gas-liquid volume data, and reaction temperature; the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time based on the acquired reaction data, including: The pressure change rate is determined based on the pressure data; the ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume is determined based on the gas-liquid volume data. The CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time based on the pressure change rate, the ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume, the reaction temperature, and a predetermined gas constant.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the CO2 in the reaction zone is in a non-ideal gas state, the pressure change rate is corrected based on the gas compressibility factor, and the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is determined in real time using the corrected pressure change rate.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate, the pre-set reaction process control parameters are updated, including: Based on the deviation, proportional, integral, and differential operations are performed, and the results are superimposed to generate a control output quantity. The control output quantity is then used to continuously adjust the reaction process control parameters.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Updating the pre-set reaction process control parameters includes: When the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is lower than the first threshold, the CO2 injection pressure setting value is increased by a preset pressure adjustment step, or the CO2 intake flow rate is increased by a preset flow adjustment step. When the CO2 mineralization reaction rate is higher than the second threshold, the CO2 injection pressure setting value is reduced by a preset pressure adjustment step, or the CO2 intake flow rate is reduced by a preset flow adjustment step. When the pH value of the liquid phase in the reaction zone is lower than the third threshold, the CO2 injection pressure setting value is reduced by a preset pressure adjustment step, the CO2 inlet flow rate is reduced by a preset flow rate adjustment step, or the slurry supply flow rate is increased by a preset slurry adjustment step.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CO2 mineralization and sealing reaction zone is a reaction zone containing a slurry formed by coal gangue and mine water; The method for obtaining the preset target reaction rate includes: Collect coal gangue and mine water samples from the target mine and determine their physicochemical parameters; Based on the aforementioned physicochemical parameters, the main reaction pathway of CO2 mineralization reaction in the slurry was determined by combining thermodynamic equilibrium simulation. Based on the main reaction pathway, a multi-factor orthogonal experiment was designed and implemented to establish a multi-factor reaction rate model; Select the rate value that meets the requirements of storage scale and efficiency from the multi-factor reaction rate model and set it as the preset target reaction rate.

8. A control system for a CO2 mineralization and storage process, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition unit is used to inject CO2 into the CO2 mineralization and storage reaction zone according to the preset reaction process control parameters, and to acquire the reaction data in the reaction zone in real time. A reaction rate determination unit is used to determine the CO2 mineralization reaction rate in real time based on the acquired reaction data; The control parameter update unit is used to update the preset reaction process control parameters according to the deviation between the CO2 mineralization reaction rate and the preset target reaction rate, so as to adjust the state of CO2 injection into the reaction zone.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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