A sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection method, system, terminal and medium

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of slope water conservation and protection simulation, and specifically discloses a sandy soil slope water conservation and protection method, system, terminal and medium. By collecting slope environment multi-source data, using a hydrodynamic model to calculate raindrop kinetic energy and runoff shear force, and through iterative optimization, the minimum particle coverage and target roughness that meet the anti-scouring threshold are output. The dynamic process of capillary water absorption of water conservation materials is converted into a water content and matric suction boundary, coupled with the input of the unsaturated soil shear strength model for multidimensional optimization to determine the optimal particle configuration scheme. Then, combined with stability simulation, the optimal laying scheme is determined to guide the preparation of a composite water conservation and protection net composed of a bottom smooth net, a particle sandwich layer and a top rough net, and anchoring and guest soil spraying are performed. The application realizes the quantification of protection design and the precision of construction, enhances the anti-scouring capacity before vegetation coverage, and improves the slope surface water storage and soil conservation environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope water conservation and slope protection simulation, specifically involving a method, system, terminal and medium for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of infrastructure construction, a large number of slopes have been formed in engineering fields such as highways, railways, water conservancy, and mining areas. Among them, sandy soil slopes, due to their weak inter-particle bonding, low cohesion, and poor water retention capacity, are prone to serious soil erosion problems under the scouring action of natural rainfall and surface runoff, which in turn induces a series of geological disasters such as slope cracking, gully development, and shallow landslides.

[0003] To address the issues of erosion and ecological restoration of sandy soil slopes, the engineering field currently employs two main types of traditional protection methods. The first type consists of traditional rigid protection measures, primarily using masonry and shotcrete anchoring. The second type utilizes flexible ecological protection materials, such as traditional three-dimensional vegetation nets.

[0004] However, in practical use, while the first type of measure can provide high structural strength in the short term, it is expensive, cumbersome to construct, and the large-area concrete coverage will completely block the exchange of water and air between the soil and the outside world, damaging the original ecosystem of the slope, which is inconsistent with the current advocacy of green ecological development. The second type of measure, although beneficial to the growth of plants and the restoration of the ecological landscape in the later stage, still has obvious limitations in practical application. First, due to the simple physical properties of traditional three-dimensional vegetation nets, their porous structure cannot effectively buffer the impact energy of raindrops in the early stage of rainfall. The protective effectiveness of traditional three-dimensional vegetation nets depends heavily on the reinforcement and soil stabilization effect after the plants germinate, grow and form deep root systems. If rainfall occurs during the period from the end of the initial construction to the complete coverage of the entire slope by vegetation, surface runoff can easily carry away the topsoil and grass seeds in the net, causing severe erosion and stripping of the surface soil and shallow instability, ultimately making the ecological protection completely ineffective.

[0005] In addition, existing slope protection engineering designs often rely on experience-based guidance, resulting in a high degree of blindness in the selection of slope protection materials and laying processes, making it difficult to provide optimal customized anti-erosion solutions for sandy soil slopes under specific working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems in existing technologies by providing a water-retaining and slope-protecting method, system, terminal, and medium for sandy soil slopes. It solves the problems of high cost, cumbersome construction, and large-area concrete covering that completely blocks water and air exchange between the soil and the outside environment, damaging the original ecosystem of the slope. It also addresses the issue of traditional three-dimensional vegetation net materials having limited physical properties; their porous structure cannot effectively buffer the impact energy of raindrops in the initial stages of rainfall. During the period from the end of the initial construction to the complete vegetation coverage of the slope, rainfall easily carries away topsoil and grass seeds from the net, leading to severe erosion and shallow instability of the surface soil, ultimately causing complete failure of the ecological protection. Furthermore, it addresses the problem that existing slope protection engineering designs often rely on experience, resulting in significant arbitrariness in the selection of slope protection materials and laying processes, making it difficult to provide optimal customized anti-erosion solutions for sandy soil slopes under specific conditions.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: Firstly, this application provides a method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Collect the physical and mechanical parameters of the target sandy soil slope and the meteorological and hydrological data of the corresponding area. After data processing, output the basic parameter set characterizing the initial state of the slope. Step S2: Call the basic parameter set to calculate the raindrop impact kinetic energy and slope runoff velocity at the beginning of rainfall, and calculate the total shear force of water flow on the slope. By dynamically adjusting the preset water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, the effective shear force of the slope is calculated until the effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil. The minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the erosion resistance safety threshold are then output. Step S3: Based on the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters, optimize the candidate water-retaining materials and particle size distribution schemes; calculate the cumulative water absorption of each candidate scheme and convert it into a water content parameter; calculate the shear strength of each scheme in combination with the unsaturated soil shear strength model; perform multi-dimensional weighted summation based on the increment of water absorption and water retention capacity and shear strength, and output the optimal particle configuration scheme with the highest comprehensive score. Step S4: Receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and combine it with the slope parameters of the slope. Perform slope stability simulation calculations on different preset paving methods and paving layers. By comparing the safety factor and the predicted amount of sediment erosion under each calculation scheme, output the optimal paving process command. Step S5: Prepare composite water-retaining slope protection netting according to the optimal particle configuration scheme and optimal laying process instructions. On the slope site, carry out anchoring and topsoil spraying according to the required laying method and layer position to complete the physical construction.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S2, the process of calculating the effective shear force of the slope and outputting the erosion resistance parameters specifically includes the following steps: Step S2-1: Calculate the initial impact energy of rainfall using the raindrop kinetic energy formula. The formula is as follows:

[0009] in, For raindrop mass, For the density of water, Where is the radius of the raindrop. The falling speed of the raindrops; the impact energy. Used to correct the critical starting shear force of soil , It is the acceleration due to gravity. The height at which raindrops fall. This is an empirical reduction factor; Step S2-2: Calculate the slope runoff velocity using Manning's formula. The formula is as follows:

[0010] in, The cross-sectional average velocity is... The roughness coefficient is Manning's coefficient. For hydraulic radius, Hydraulic gradient; Step S2-3: Calculate the drag force of the water flow on the water-retaining particles. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0011] in, The resistance exerted by a single particle on the water flow. The drag coefficient, The projected area of ​​the water-retaining particles perpendicular to the water flow direction. The density of water; Step S2-4: Calculate the effective shear force on the soil surface according to the formula, which is as follows:

[0012] in, The effective shear force on the soil surface. The total shear force of the water flow. To maintain the coverage of water-retaining particles; Step S2-5: Determine whether the calculated effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil. If not, continuously adjust the preset mapping values ​​of the water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, and return to step S2-2 to recalculate iteratively; If so, output the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the erosion safety threshold at this time.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, the capillary water absorption dynamic process of the water-retaining material is coupled with the unsaturated soil shear strength model as the data flow logic for material selection and optimization, specifically including the following steps: Step S3-1: Obtain the permeability and permeability stability coefficient of each candidate water-retaining material, quantify the capillary water absorption dynamic process of the water-retaining material using the capillary water absorption kinetic equation, and calculate the cumulative water absorption within a preset time. The capillary water absorption kinetic equation is as follows:

[0014] in, To accumulate water absorption, The material's permeability. The permeability coefficient, For time; Step S3-2: The quantified capillary water absorption dynamic process is transformed into the boundary conditions of the mechanical model. Specifically, based on the initial pore characteristics of the slope soil, the cumulative water absorption is transformed into the soil volumetric water content under the corresponding state, and the dynamically changing pore water pressure and matrix suction are calculated. Step S3-3: The calculated pore water pressure and matrix suction are directly coupled and input into the unsaturated soil shear strength formula to calculate and output the shear strength that incorporates dynamic water retention characteristics. This shear strength is used as the mechanical optimization criterion for outputting the optimal particle configuration scheme. The formula for the shear strength of unsaturated soil is:

[0015] in, For shear strength, For effective cohesion, For the total normal stress, Pore ​​gas pressure, Pore ​​water pressure, For net normal stress, For matrix suction, For the effective internal friction angle, The internal friction angle of the suction force; Step S3-4: Extract the water retention capacity difference, calculated shear strength and preset erosion resistance index of each candidate scheme obtained in the simulation, and normalize them as evaluation factors. Step S3-5: According to the preset ratio of hydrological regulation weight 0.3, mechanical strengthening weight 0.4 and erosion resistance weight 0.3, the normalized evaluation factors are weighted and summed to calculate the comprehensive score of each candidate scheme. Step S3-6: Compare the comprehensive scores of all candidate schemes and extract the one with the highest comprehensive score as the optimal particle configuration scheme.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, slope stability simulation calculations are performed for different preset laying methods and laying layers, specifically including the following steps: Step S4-1: Based on the received optimal particle configuration scheme and the preset laying thickness, determine the equivalent cohesion, equivalent internal friction angle and density of the composite protective layer; Step S4-2: Calculate the safety factor of the overall protective layer under different paving schemes using the infinite slope model formula. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0017] in, For safety reasons, The composite weight is z, and the protective layer thickness is z. For the slope angle, Pore ​​water pressure; Step S4-3: Compare the safety factor under each calculation scheme with the predicted amount of sediment erosion under the corresponding working conditions, and select the scheme that meets the slope stability threshold and has the smallest predicted amount of sediment erosion as the optimal laying process command output.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S5, the specific process for preparing the composite water-retaining slope protection net according to the optimal particle configuration scheme includes: Using polypropylene or polyethylene synthetic fibers as the substrate, a bottom three-dimensional vegetation net with a smooth surface and a top three-dimensional vegetation net with a rough surface are respectively made. According to the coarse and fine particle gradation ratio determined in the optimal particle configuration scheme, the water-retaining material is evenly distributed and bonded between the bottom three-dimensional vegetation net and the top three-dimensional vegetation net by hot melt adhesive, forming the composite water-retaining slope protection net consisting of a smooth bottom layer, a water-retaining particle sandwich layer and a rough top layer from bottom to top.

[0019] Furthermore, the specific procedures for anchoring on the slope according to the required laying method and layer include: Using the leveled sandy soil slope as the construction base, the composite water-retaining slope protection net is laid out from top to bottom in the horizontal laying method required by the optimal laying process instruction. According to the laying layer instruction, the surface layer is directly bonded or the surface soil is excavated for semi-buried backfilling. Steel anchors with a length of not less than 10 cm are used and arranged in a quincunx pattern at a spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters on the composite water-retaining slope protection net. The steel anchors are driven into the stable soil layer through the net body, so that the composite water-retaining slope protection net and the slope soil form a tight fit and provide initial structural constraints. After anchoring is completed, topsoil spraying is carried out.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific process for topsoil spraying after anchoring includes: Hydraulic spraying technology is used to uniformly spray topsoil slurry containing grass and shrub seeds, water-retaining agent, slow-release nutrients and nutrient matrix onto the surface of the composite water-retaining slope protection net. The spraying thickness is sufficient to cover the rough top layer. After the hydroseeding is completed, the slope surface is covered to retain moisture and for initial maintenance. The seeds germinate and together with the composite water-retaining slope protection net, they form a composite slope protection layer.

[0021] Secondly, this application provides a water-retaining and slope-protecting system for sandy soil slopes, used to implement the water-retaining and slope-protecting method for sandy soil slopes as described in the first aspect. The system includes: The data acquisition and basic parameter processing module is used to collect the physical and mechanical parameters of the target sandy soil slope and the meteorological and hydrological data of the corresponding area, and output the basic parameter set representing the initial state of the slope after processing at the data processing terminal. The hydraulic calculation and scour optimization module is used to call the basic parameter set, calculate the raindrop impact kinetic energy and slope runoff velocity at the beginning of rainfall, and then calculate the total shear force of water flow on the slope; by dynamically adjusting the preset water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, the effective shear force of the slope is calculated until the effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil, and outputs the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the scour safety threshold. The water-retaining material optimization and coupled calculation module is used to exhaustively optimize candidate water-retaining materials and particle size distribution schemes based on the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters; calculate the cumulative water absorption under each candidate scheme and convert it into a water content parameter; calculate the shear strength corresponding to each scheme in combination with the unsaturated soil shear strength model; perform multi-dimensional weighted summation based on the increment of water absorption and water retention capacity and shear strength, and output the optimal particle configuration scheme with the highest comprehensive score. The stability simulation and process decision module is used to receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and combine it with the slope parameters of the slope to perform slope stability simulation calculations for different preset paving methods and paving layers. By comparing the safety factor and the predicted amount of sediment erosion under each calculation scheme, the module outputs the optimal paving process instruction. The instructions are issued to the on-site execution terminal to receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and optimal laying process instructions and output them on-site, so as to instruct the construction end to prepare the composite water-retaining slope protection net according to the instructions, and to carry out anchoring and topsoil spraying on the slope according to the required laying method and layer position to complete the physical construction.

[0022] Thirdly, this application provides a terminal, including: Memory for storing water conservation and slope protection programs for sandy soil slopes; A processor is used to implement the steps of the sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection method as described in the first aspect when executing the sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection program.

[0023] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions. When a computer reads the computer instructions in the storage medium, the computer executes the water conservation and slope protection method for sandy soil slopes as described in the first aspect.

[0024] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the advantages of the present invention are: By integrating multi-source field data acquisition, hydraulic shear force evaluation, hydraulic coupling optimization of water-retaining materials, paving process simulation, and physical entity preparation and construction into a closed-loop process, quantitative assessment and targeted protection of sandy soil slopes under rainfall and runoff erosion are achieved. It can adaptively output material gradation and construction parameters according to the field conditions, weaken raindrop kinetic energy and reduce runoff velocity, and provide reliable physical constraints during the window period when vegetation is not fully covered, thereby improving the scientific nature and long-term stability of slope protection schemes.

[0025] By introducing a correction mechanism for the critical initiation shear force of soil by raindrop impact energy, and by jointly calculating the runoff velocity and the drag force of water flow on water-retaining particles to dynamically adjust the roughness coefficient, the combined erosion process of raindrop impact and slope runoff on sandy soil and protective materials in the early stage of rainfall can be reproduced. This achieves the consistency between the effective shear force calculation boundary and the actual hydrodynamic environment, ensuring that the output coverage and roughness parameters can prevent soil loss and avoid the slippage and damage of the slope protection material itself.

[0026] By transforming the dynamic water absorption process quantified by the capillary water absorption kinetic equation into the volumetric water content and matrix suction boundary conditions required by the unsaturated soil mechanics model, and by directly coupling hydrological parameters into the unsaturated soil shear strength formula, a quantitative conversion between the water-holding capacity of water-retaining materials and the incremental shear strength of shallow soil on slopes is realized. This enables the scientific evaluation of the comprehensive control effect of different materials and gradation combinations, and thus the selection of the particle configuration scheme with the best anti-scour and mechanical strengthening effects.

[0027] By employing an infinite slope model to comprehensively calculate the equivalent cohesion, equivalent internal friction angle, and composite layer unit weight under a specific protective layer thickness, and using the safety factor and predicted sediment erosion as joint screening indicators, it is possible to predict the mechanical response of different laying methods and layers under extreme working conditions in advance. This achieves the digitization and objectification of on-site construction process guidance instructions, avoiding material waste or protection failure caused by construction based on experience.

[0028] By preparing an asymmetric three-dimensional vegetation net structure with a smooth bottom layer and a rough top layer using synthetic fiber substrate, and using hot melt adhesive to solidify and bond the optimally graded water-retaining material between the two layers, a composite solid structure with stable internal pores and impact-resistant buffering capacity can be formed. This achieves multiple protection mechanisms, including bottom netting to adhere to the soil to prevent sand leakage, middle layer particles to increase storage and reduce flow, and top netting to increase roughness and dissipate energy, thereby improving the overall integrity and functional integration of the solid slope protection net.

[0029] By clearly defining the top-down deployment method, the surface or semi-buried laying layer based on slope instructions, and the on-site anchoring process using steel anchors of specified lengths at quincunx-shaped intervals to penetrate the net and embed into the stable soil layer, a close fit between the composite water-retaining slope protection net and the underlying sandy soil is achieved. This eliminates the void phenomenon between the net and the soil interface, provides immediate surface structural constraints for loose slopes, and effectively resists the buoyancy and scouring effects of rainfall runoff on the net.

[0030] Hydraulic spraying technology precisely sprays a topsoil slurry containing plant seeds, water-retaining agents, and slow-release nutrients to a thickness just enough to bury the top rough mesh surface. This is supplemented by covering to retain moisture and initial maintenance. It can make full use of the water-retaining particles in the bottom layer to release water during the dry season, providing a micro-ecological germination environment with balanced water and nutrients for the seeds. This achieves a deep integration of physical slope protection structure and the soil reinforcement effect of plant roots, and constructs an ecological slope protection system with self-repair capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the water conservation and slope protection method for sandy soil slopes according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the water-retaining slope protection net of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Bottom layer three-dimensional vegetation net; 2. Water-retaining particles; 3. Top layer three-dimensional vegetation net; 4. U-shaped nails; 5. Net fixing adhesive. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes, including the following steps: Step S1: Collect the physical and mechanical parameters of the target sandy soil slope and the meteorological and hydrological data of the corresponding area. After data processing, output the basic parameter set characterizing the initial state of the slope. Step S2: Call the basic parameter set to calculate the raindrop impact kinetic energy and slope runoff velocity at the beginning of rainfall, and calculate the total shear force of water flow on the slope. By dynamically adjusting the preset water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, the effective shear force of the slope is calculated until the effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil. The minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the erosion resistance safety threshold are then output. Step S3: Based on the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters, optimize the candidate water-retaining materials and particle size distribution schemes; calculate the cumulative water absorption of each candidate scheme and convert it into a water content parameter; calculate the shear strength of each scheme in combination with the unsaturated soil shear strength model; perform multi-dimensional weighted summation based on the increment of water absorption and water retention capacity and shear strength, and output the optimal particle configuration scheme with the highest comprehensive score. Step S4: Receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and combine it with the slope parameters of the slope. Perform slope stability simulation calculations on different preset paving methods and paving layers. By comparing the safety factor and the predicted amount of sediment erosion under each calculation scheme, output the optimal paving process command. Step S5: Prepare composite water-retaining slope protection netting according to the optimal particle configuration scheme and optimal laying process instructions. On the slope site, carry out anchoring and topsoil spraying according to the required laying method and layer position to complete the physical construction.

[0036] In some embodiments, from raindrop splash to runoff erosion, the essence of the erosion process is the destruction of soil by kinetic energy. Water-retaining particle systems achieve systematic dissipation of erosion kinetic energy through multi-stage buffering and energy conversion. The flexible reinforcement layer on the slope surface, rich in water-retaining particles, has an elastic modulus far lower than that of a rigid revetment. When raindrops impact the slope with their final velocity, this layer undergoes micro-deformation, converting the impact kinetic energy of the raindrops into minute thermal energy and non-destructive deformation energy through the viscoelastic hysteresis of the material. In the initial stages of rainfall, the kinetic energy carried by the raindrops is the primary driving force for splash erosion. Step S2, which calculates the effective shear force of the slope and outputs the erosion resistance parameters, specifically includes the following steps: Step S2-1: Calculate the initial impact energy of rainfall using the raindrop kinetic energy formula. The formula is as follows:

[0037] in, For raindrop mass, For the density of water, Where is the radius of the raindrop. The falling speed of the raindrops; the impact energy. Used to correct the critical starting shear force of soil , It is the acceleration due to gravity. The height at which raindrops fall. This is an empirical reduction factor; Furthermore, the flexible boundary layer formed by the gel-soil composite exhibits slight fluctuations under runoff. This dynamic interaction at the solid-liquid interface induces additional turbulent kinetic energy generation and dissipation, further consuming the mechanical energy of the water flow. Some energy is used to overcome the internal friction of the gel material, rather than all of it being applied to the stripped soil particles. In summary, water-retaining particles in sandy soil slopes achieve runoff reduction at the "source" level by increasing water retention and promoting infiltration, and achieve multi-stage energy dissipation at the "process" level by providing flexible buffering, increasing resistance, and enhancing soil resistance. This dual mechanism of "source control and energy reduction" fundamentally weakens the dynamic conditions for scour, and is the core physical basis for water-retaining particle technology to improve the scour resistance of sandy soil slopes.

[0038] Runoff is the primary external force causing soil stripping and transport on slopes. Unlike traditional three-dimensional vegetation nets, the novel slope protection net incorporating water-retaining particles serves as a composite protection structure. Its outer mesh structure provides the overall framework and reinforcement, while the particles within the mesh act as the main energy-dissipating medium and roughness element. By altering the rainfall-runoff conversion relationship, it actively regulates surface runoff volume and processes. The two work synergistically, through two core mechanisms—physical storage and hydraulic regulation—to indirectly enhance the shear strength and structural stability of the soil, jointly changing the hydraulic properties of the slope boundary layer.

[0039] From "laminar shearing" to "turbulent dissipation," runoff on exposed slopes is typically a thin layer of water flowing along the slope surface. However, on water-retaining slope protection nets, the water flow must bypass or pass through water-retaining particles protruding from the surface. This fundamentally changes the flow pattern, effectively increasing surface resistance and hindering the convergence and acceleration of runoff. This keeps the thin layer of water flow more dispersed and uniform, preventing the formation of concentrated streams with strong scouring capabilities. The semi-buried state of the particles causes a sharp increase in slope surface roughness and a decrease in flow velocity, macroscopically manifesting as a highly rough bed surface.

[0040] Step S2-2: Calculate the slope runoff velocity using Manning's formula. The formula is as follows:

[0041] in, The cross-sectional average velocity is... The roughness coefficient is Manning's coefficient. For hydraulic radius, Hydraulic gradient; When water flows over surface particles on a slope, it creates eddies and separation flows behind the particles, forming shape resistance. This is fundamentally different from the surface friction generated when water flows on a smooth surface.

[0042] Step S2-3: Calculate the drag force of the water flow on the water-retaining particles. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0043] in, The resistance exerted by a single particle on the water flow. The drag coefficient, The projected area of ​​the water-retaining particles perpendicular to the water flow direction. The density of water; Water-retaining particles act as obstacles, forcing the water flow to constantly change direction, accelerate around the flow, and generate vortices. This vortex dissipation process converts a large amount of the macroscopic kinetic energy of the water flow into heat and sound energy, thereby significantly reducing the effective energy of the water flow for transporting sediment.

[0044] The scouring effect of runoff on soil particles is mainly caused by the shear force exerted by the water flow on the bed surface. According to a variation of the Chezy-Manning formula, the average shear force acting on the bed surface is:

[0045] in, The average shear force exerted by the water flow on the bed surface. R is the specific weight of water; J is the hydraulic radius; and J is the hydraulic gradient. By combining Manning's formula, the relationship between shear force and flow velocity can be derived:

[0046]

[0047] The slope protection netting reduces the flow velocity, directly causing a quadratic decrease in the shear force of the water flow on the underlying soil. The particles now bear the majority of the water flow shear force. The water flow shear force is now borne by the tips of the water-retaining particles, rather than acting directly on the soil below. The effective shear force acting on the soil surface is much smaller than the total shear force. Step S2-4: Calculate the effective shear force on the soil surface according to the formula, which is as follows:

[0048] in, The effective shear force on the soil surface. The total shear force of the water flow. To maintain the coverage of water-retaining particles; Step S2-5: Determine whether the calculated effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil. If not, continuously adjust the preset mapping values ​​of the water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, and return to step S2-2 to recalculate iteratively; If so, output the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the erosion safety threshold at this time.

[0049] Whether soil particles will be washed away depends on the ratio of the actual shear force of the water flow to the critical starting shear force of the soil particles.

[0050] Particles begin to move when the actual shear force exceeds the critical initiation shear force. According to the Shields curve and its simplified formula, the critical initiation shear force is related to particle size and soil cohesion. Under the action of a slope protection net, the critical initiation conditions of the soil change. Considering the initiation of particles on the slope, the commonly used formula for critical drag force is:

[0051] in, The critical starting shear force is k; k is an empirical coefficient. d represents the unit weight of soil particles; d represents the particle size of soil particles. φ is the internal friction angle; c is the cohesive force. Slope protection netting reduces the actual water flow energy acting on the soil. A significant decrease, while the soil's resistance... Significantly improved. Conditions for scouring to occur. > It becomes extremely difficult to satisfy, thus achieving the purpose of erosion resistance.

[0052] Integrating the above mechanisms, the total energy dissipation of rainfall and runoff in the new slope protection net can be divided into raindrop kinetic energy dissipation and runoff energy dissipation. The former uses a water-retaining particle layer as a buffer, dissipating the impact kinetic energy of raindrops into particle vibration and heat energy, preventing direct impact on the soil. The latter, runoff, consumes energy through processes such as vortexing, friction, and flow around particles in the complex flow between them. The energy loss per unit length of slope can be expressed by the Darcy-Weisbach formula:

[0053] in, For head loss along the route, The value is the Darcy-Weisbach drag coefficient, and L is the slope length; The new type of water-conserving slope protection net constructs a highly efficient water energy dissipation system through a triple mechanism: increasing roughness to reduce flow velocity, using morphological resistance to dissipate kinetic energy, and sharing shear force to protect the soil. It transforms the destructive water flow energy that would normally act on the soil surface and cause erosion into harmless frictional heat and turbulent dissipation, thereby forming a physical "energy reduction layer" on the slope surface and achieving long-term protection of the slope soil.

[0054] Sandy soil slopes, due to their inherent defects such as weak interparticle cohesion, high porosity, and high permeability, are highly susceptible to surface soil erosion, shallow landslides, and even overall instability under rainfall conditions. Traditional engineering slope protection methods often rely on rigid structures, which lack sufficient coordination with the ecological environment.

[0055] The rapid water absorption of water-retaining particles lies in the capillary-driven effect generated by the interconnected pore network within them. From a microscopic perspective, the surface and interior of expanded clay aggregates are densely covered with numerous open pores, which are interconnected, forming a complex capillary water absorption system. When the liquid phase contacts the surface of the water-retaining particles, capillary force rapidly overcomes air resistance, driving water to infiltrate into the matrix along the pore channels. The initial water absorption rate is typically highest within the first 30 minutes after contact, reaching over 80% of the saturation absorption capacity in a short time, followed by a slow saturation stage. The incorporation of water-retaining particles increases the soil's water-holding capacity and slows the advance of the rainwater infiltration front into the deeper parts of the slope. This helps delay the saturation process of deep soil layers, buying time for the dissipation of pore water pressure within the slope, thus indirectly contributing to the overall stability of the slope.

[0056] In some embodiments, in step S3, the capillary water absorption dynamic process of the water-retaining material is coupled with the unsaturated soil shear strength model as a data flow logic for material selection optimization, specifically including the following steps: Step S3-1: Obtain the permeability and permeability stability coefficient of each candidate water-retaining material, quantify the capillary water absorption dynamic process of the water-retaining material using the capillary water absorption kinetic equation, and calculate the cumulative water absorption within a preset time. The capillary water absorption kinetic equation is as follows:

[0057] in, To accumulate water absorption, The material's permeability. The permeability coefficient, For time; Step S3-2: The quantified capillary water absorption dynamic process is transformed into the boundary conditions of the mechanical model. Specifically, based on the initial pore characteristics of the slope soil, the cumulative water absorption is transformed into the soil volumetric water content under the corresponding state, and the dynamically changing pore water pressure and matrix suction are calculated. Step S3-3: The calculated pore water pressure and matrix suction are directly coupled and input into the unsaturated soil shear strength formula to calculate and output the shear strength that incorporates dynamic water retention characteristics. This shear strength is used as the mechanical optimization criterion for outputting the optimal particle configuration scheme. The formula for the shear strength of unsaturated soil is:

[0058] in, For shear strength, For effective cohesion, For the total normal stress, Pore ​​gas pressure, Pore ​​water pressure, For net normal stress, For matrix suction, For the effective internal friction angle, The internal friction angle of the suction force; The key to establishing a link between particle water absorption and strength lies in relating water absorption parameters to matrix suction. When the expanded clay aggregate-soil system is in hydraulic equilibrium, the water content of the expanded clay aggregate and the matrix suction of the soil satisfy the inverse function relationship of SWCC:

[0059] in, This represents the volumetric moisture content of the expanded clay aggregate. This represents the total volume of the expanded clay layer. It is the inverse function of SWCC; Substituting into the shear strength formula and integrating the above process, the water retention-consolidation coupling effect of the water-retaining particle slope protection net can be uniformly characterized by the following state equation:

[0060] Step S3-4: Extract the water retention capacity difference, calculated shear strength and preset erosion resistance index of each candidate scheme obtained in the simulation, and normalize them as evaluation factors. Step S3-5: According to the preset ratio of hydrological regulation weight 0.3, mechanical strengthening weight 0.4 and erosion resistance weight 0.3, the normalized evaluation factors are weighted and summed to calculate the comprehensive score of each candidate scheme. Step S3-6: Compare the comprehensive scores of all candidate schemes and extract the one with the highest comprehensive score as the optimal particle configuration scheme.

[0061] Water-retaining slope protection netting utilizes a temporal coupling mechanism of "water absorption-water release-rooting-reinforcement." After particles are embedded in the surface soil, they form a three-dimensional reinforced system with plant roots, creating a stable ecological composite protective layer on the slope surface. The presence of this composite layer means that runoff erosion no longer relies on the gravity of individual sand grains, but rather on the shear resistance of micro-aggregates or composite material blocks. Fiber reinforcement gives the protective layer a certain tensile strength. This allows it to resist the minute tensile stresses caused by drying shrinkage, wetting expansion, or uneven settlement, maintaining surface integrity and preventing cracks from becoming entry points for runoff erosion.

[0062] The well-developed porous structure inside the water-absorbing particles endows them with significant water absorption, retention, and release functions. Based on the capillary water rise theory, the water absorption height of the particles can be expressed as:

[0063] in: This refers to the water absorption height of the particles; The surface tension coefficient of water; Where is the pore radius; During rainfall, the expanded clay aggregate absorbs excess water and stores it in its internal pores; during dry periods, the stored water diffuses through the pores into the surrounding soil, maintaining the moist microenvironment required for root growth. This "peak shaving and drought compensation" water regulation effect creates suitable hydrothermal conditions for the directional extension of plant roots into the expanded clay aggregate layer, inducing dense root growth in the pores and intergranular spaces of the expanded clay aggregate.

[0064] When plant roots penetrate and entwine around particles, the roots and particles form a mechanically interlocked and embedded structure, constituting a three-dimensional reinforced network. Referring to research findings on the shear strength of root-soil composites, the shear strength of root-containing soil can be expressed using a modified Coulomb formula:

[0065] in, Shear strength of the root-particle-soil composite; Additional shear strength provided by the combination of roots and particles.

[0066] The additional shear strength has a linear relationship with the root content, which can be expressed as:

[0067] in, This refers to the root content, i.e., the root volume fraction. is the root tensile strength reduction factor; k is the particle-root interface synergy factor; The three-dimensional vegetation network, along with water-retaining particles and root systems, constitutes a spatial framework structure. Based on the law of mixtures, the macroscopic mechanical parameters of the composite can be obtained by superimposing the volume fractions of each phase material.

[0068]

[0069] Where is the equivalent elastic modulus of the composite; is the equivalent cohesion of the composite; and represent the soil, root system, and ceramsite, respectively. The particles, acting as rigid aggregate embedded in the soil, increase the internal friction angle of the composite; the root system, acting as flexible reinforcement, enhances the tensile strength of the composite; and the three-dimensional mesh, acting as a spatial constraint framework, restricts the lateral displacement of the particles. The synergistic effect of these three elements transforms the surface soil from a loose medium into a reinforced composite structure with a certain degree of stiffness and toughness.

[0070] In some embodiments, step S4 involves performing slope stability simulation calculations for different preset laying methods and laying layers, specifically including the following steps: Step S4-1: Based on the received optimal particle configuration scheme and the preset laying thickness, determine the equivalent cohesion, equivalent internal friction angle and density of the composite protective layer; Step S4-2: Calculate the safety factor of the overall protective layer under different paving schemes using the infinite slope model formula. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0071] in, For safety reasons, The composite weight is z, and the protective layer thickness is z. For the slope angle, Pore ​​water pressure; Step S4-3: Compare the safety factor under each calculation scheme with the predicted amount of sediment erosion under the corresponding working conditions, and select the scheme that meets the slope stability threshold and has the smallest predicted amount of sediment erosion as the optimal laying process command output.

[0072] In some embodiments, the specific process for preparing the composite water-retaining slope protection net according to the optimal particle configuration scheme in step S5 includes: Using polypropylene or polyethylene synthetic fibers as the substrate, a bottom three-dimensional vegetation net with a smooth surface and a top three-dimensional vegetation net with a rough surface are respectively made. According to the coarse and fine particle gradation ratio determined in the optimal particle configuration scheme, the water-retaining material is evenly distributed and bonded between the bottom three-dimensional vegetation net and the top three-dimensional vegetation net by hot melt adhesive, forming the composite water-retaining slope protection net consisting of a smooth bottom layer, a water-retaining particle sandwich layer and a rough top layer from bottom to top.

[0073] In some embodiments, the specific process for anchoring on-site at the slope according to the required laying method and layer includes: Using the leveled sandy soil slope as the construction base, the composite water-retaining slope protection net is laid out from top to bottom in the horizontal laying method required by the optimal laying process instruction. According to the laying layer instruction, the surface layer is directly bonded or the surface soil is excavated for semi-buried backfilling. Steel anchors with a length of not less than 10 cm are used and arranged in a quincunx pattern at a spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters on the composite water-retaining slope protection net. The steel anchors are driven into the stable soil layer through the net body, so that the composite water-retaining slope protection net and the slope soil form a tight fit and provide initial structural constraints. After anchoring is completed, topsoil spraying is carried out.

[0074] In some embodiments, the specific process for applying topsoil after anchoring includes: Hydraulic spraying technology is used to uniformly spray topsoil slurry containing grass and shrub seeds, water-retaining agent, slow-release nutrients and nutrient matrix onto the surface of the composite water-retaining slope protection net. The spraying thickness is sufficient to cover the rough top layer. After the hydroseeding is completed, the slope surface is covered to retain moisture and for initial maintenance. The seeds germinate and together with the composite water-retaining slope protection net, they form a composite slope protection layer.

[0075] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the new water-retaining slope protection net system mainly consists of a bottom layer of three-dimensional vegetation net 1, water-retaining particles 2, net-fixing adhesive 5, and a top layer of three-dimensional vegetation net 3. The bottom layer of three-dimensional vegetation net 1 is laid on the surface of the slope and makes close contact with the soil to enhance stability. The top layer of three-dimensional vegetation net 3 faces upward to fix seeds and promote vegetation rooting. The water-retaining particles 2 are fixedly connected between the bottom layer and the top layer of vegetation net by the net-fixing adhesive 5. The vegetation net system is laid flat along the slope from top to bottom, with the net tightly attached to the slope without wrinkles or gaps. When laid at the top of the slope, a portion needs to be extended and buried in the soil and compacted. The vegetation net is fixed to the four corners of the slope by U-shaped nails 4, and the middle is further fixed by small U-shaped nails 4.

[0076] In some embodiments, this application provides a water-retaining and slope-protecting system for sandy soil slopes, used to implement a method for water-retaining and slope-protecting sandy soil slopes, the system comprising: The data acquisition and basic parameter processing module is used to collect the physical and mechanical parameters of the target sandy soil slope and the meteorological and hydrological data of the corresponding area, and output the basic parameter set representing the initial state of the slope after processing at the data processing terminal. The hydraulic calculation and scour optimization module is used to call the basic parameter set, calculate the raindrop impact kinetic energy and slope runoff velocity at the beginning of rainfall, and then calculate the total shear force of water flow on the slope; by dynamically adjusting the preset water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, the effective shear force of the slope is calculated until the effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil, and outputs the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the scour safety threshold. The water-retaining material optimization and coupled calculation module is used to exhaustively optimize candidate water-retaining materials and particle size distribution schemes based on the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters; calculate the cumulative water absorption under each candidate scheme and convert it into a water content parameter; calculate the shear strength corresponding to each scheme in combination with the unsaturated soil shear strength model; perform multi-dimensional weighted summation based on the increment of water absorption and water retention capacity and shear strength, and output the optimal particle configuration scheme with the highest comprehensive score. The stability simulation and process decision module is used to receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and combine it with the slope parameters of the slope to perform slope stability simulation calculations for different preset paving methods and paving layers. By comparing the safety factor and the predicted amount of sediment erosion under each calculation scheme, the module outputs the optimal paving process instruction. The instructions are issued to the on-site execution terminal to receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and optimal laying process instructions and output them on-site, so as to instruct the construction end to prepare the composite water-retaining slope protection net according to the instructions, and to carry out anchoring and topsoil spraying on the slope according to the required laying method and layer position to complete the physical construction.

[0077] In some embodiments, this application provides a terminal, including: Memory for storing water conservation and slope protection programs for sandy soil slopes; A processor is used to implement the steps of the sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection method when executing the sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection program.

[0078] In some embodiments, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions. When a computer reads the computer instructions in the storage medium, the computer executes the water conservation and slope protection method for sandy soil slopes.

[0079] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of one or more embodiments of this specification and is not intended to limit the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the protection scope of one or more embodiments of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect the physical and mechanical parameters of the target sandy soil slope and the meteorological and hydrological data of the corresponding area. After data processing, output the basic parameter set characterizing the initial state of the slope. Step S2: Call the basic parameter set to calculate the raindrop impact kinetic energy and slope runoff velocity at the beginning of rainfall, and calculate the total shear force of water flow on the slope. By dynamically adjusting the preset water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, the effective shear force of the slope is calculated until the effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil. The minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the erosion resistance safety threshold are then output. Step S3: Based on the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters, optimize the candidate water-retaining materials and particle size distribution schemes. The cumulative water absorption under each candidate scheme is calculated and converted into a water content parameter. The shear strength of each scheme is calculated in combination with the unsaturated soil shear strength model. The optimal particle configuration scheme with the highest comprehensive score is output by multi-dimensional weighted summation based on the increment of water absorption and water retention capacity and shear strength. Step S4: Receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and combine it with the slope parameters of the slope. Perform slope stability simulation calculations on different preset paving methods and paving layers. By comparing the safety factor and the predicted amount of sediment erosion under each calculation scheme, output the optimal paving process command. Step S5: Prepare composite water-retaining slope protection netting according to the optimal particle configuration scheme and optimal laying process instructions. On the slope site, carry out anchoring and topsoil spraying according to the required laying method and layer position to complete the physical construction.

2. The method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2, which calculates the effective shear force of the slope and outputs the erosion resistance parameters, specifically includes the following steps: Step S2-1: Calculate the initial impact energy of rainfall using the raindrop kinetic energy formula. The formula is as follows: in, For raindrop mass, For the density of water, Where is the radius of the raindrop. The falling speed of the raindrops; the impact energy. Used to correct the critical starting shear force of soil , It is the acceleration due to gravity. The height at which raindrops fall. This is an empirical reduction factor; Step S2-2: Calculate the slope runoff velocity using Manning's formula. The formula is as follows: in, The cross-sectional average velocity is... The roughness coefficient is Manning's coefficient. For hydraulic radius, Hydraulic gradient; Step S2-3: Calculate the drag force of the water flow on the water-retaining particles. The calculation formula is as follows: in, The resistance exerted by a single particle on the water flow. The drag coefficient, The projected area of ​​the water-retaining particles perpendicular to the water flow direction. The density of water; Step S2-4: Calculate the effective shear force on the soil surface according to the formula, which is as follows: in, The effective shear force on the soil surface. The total shear force of the water flow. To maintain the coverage of water-retaining particles; Step S2-5: Determine whether the calculated effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil. If not, continuously adjust the preset mapping values ​​of the water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, and return to step S2-2 to recalculate iteratively; If so, output the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the erosion safety threshold at this time.

3. The method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the capillary water absorption dynamic process of the water-retaining material is coupled with the unsaturated soil shear strength model as the data flow logic for material selection and optimization. Specifically, this includes the following steps: Step S3-1: Obtain the permeability and permeability stability coefficient of each candidate water-retaining material, quantify the capillary water absorption dynamic process of the water-retaining material using the capillary water absorption kinetic equation, and calculate the cumulative water absorption within a preset time. The capillary water absorption kinetic equation is as follows: in, To accumulate water absorption, The material's permeability. The permeability coefficient, For time; Step S3-2: The quantified capillary water absorption dynamic process is transformed into the boundary conditions of the mechanical model. Specifically, based on the initial pore characteristics of the slope soil, the cumulative water absorption is transformed into the soil volumetric water content under the corresponding state, and the dynamically changing pore water pressure and matrix suction are calculated. Step S3-3: The calculated pore water pressure and matrix suction are directly coupled and input into the unsaturated soil shear strength formula to calculate and output the shear strength that incorporates dynamic water retention characteristics. This shear strength is used as the mechanical optimization criterion for outputting the optimal particle configuration scheme. The formula for the shear strength of unsaturated soil is: in, For shear strength, For effective cohesion, For the total normal stress, Pore ​​gas pressure, Pore ​​water pressure, For net normal stress, For matrix suction, For the effective internal friction angle, The internal friction angle of the suction force; Step S3-4: Extract the water retention capacity difference, calculated shear strength and preset erosion resistance index of each candidate scheme obtained in the simulation, and normalize them as evaluation factors. Step S3-5: According to the preset ratio of hydrological regulation weight 0.3, mechanical strengthening weight 0.4 and erosion resistance weight 0.3, the normalized evaluation factors are weighted and summed to calculate the comprehensive score of each candidate scheme. Step S3-6: Compare the comprehensive scores of all candidate schemes and extract the one with the highest comprehensive score as the optimal particle configuration scheme.

4. The method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, slope stability simulation calculations are performed for different preset laying methods and laying layers, specifically including the following steps: Step S4-1: Based on the received optimal particle configuration scheme and the preset laying thickness, determine the equivalent cohesion, equivalent internal friction angle and density of the composite protective layer; Step S4-2: Calculate the safety factor of the overall protective layer under different paving schemes using the infinite slope model formula. The calculation formula is as follows: in, For safety reasons, The composite weight is z, and the protective layer thickness is z. For the slope angle, Pore ​​water pressure; Step S4-3: Compare the safety factor under each calculation scheme with the predicted amount of sediment erosion under the corresponding working conditions, and select the scheme that meets the slope stability threshold and has the smallest predicted amount of sediment erosion as the optimal laying process command output.

5. The method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the specific process for preparing the composite water-retaining slope protection net according to the optimal particle configuration scheme includes: Using polypropylene or polyethylene synthetic fibers as the substrate, a bottom three-dimensional vegetation net with a smooth surface and a top three-dimensional vegetation net with a rough surface are respectively made. According to the coarse and fine particle gradation ratio determined in the optimal particle configuration scheme, the water-retaining material is evenly distributed and bonded between the bottom three-dimensional vegetation net and the top three-dimensional vegetation net by hot melt adhesive, forming the composite water-retaining slope protection net consisting of a smooth bottom layer, a water-retaining particle sandwich layer and a rough top layer from bottom to top.

6. The method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific procedures for anchoring on the slope according to the required laying method and layer include: Using the leveled sandy soil slope as the construction base, the composite water-retaining slope protection net is laid out from top to bottom in the horizontal laying method required by the optimal laying process instruction. According to the laying layer instruction, the surface layer is directly bonded or the surface soil is excavated for semi-buried backfilling. Steel anchors with a length of not less than 10 cm are used and arranged in a quincunx pattern at a spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters on the composite water-retaining slope protection net. The steel anchors are driven into the stable soil layer through the net body, so that the composite water-retaining slope protection net and the slope soil form a tight fit and provide initial structural constraints. After anchoring is completed, topsoil spraying is carried out.

7. The method for water conservation and slope protection of sandy soil slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific process for topsoil spraying after anchoring includes: Hydraulic spraying technology is used to uniformly spray topsoil slurry containing grass and shrub seeds, water-retaining agent, slow-release nutrients and nutrient matrix onto the surface of the composite water-retaining slope protection net. The spraying thickness is sufficient to cover the rough top layer. After the hydroseeding is completed, the slope surface is covered to retain moisture and for initial maintenance. The seeds germinate and together with the composite water-retaining slope protection net, they form a composite slope protection layer.

8. A water-retaining and slope-protecting system for sandy soil slopes, used to implement the water-retaining and slope-protecting method for sandy soil slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes: The data acquisition and basic parameter processing module is used to collect the physical and mechanical parameters of the target sandy soil slope and the meteorological and hydrological data of the corresponding area, and output the basic parameter set representing the initial state of the slope after processing at the data processing terminal. The hydraulic calculation and scour optimization module is used to call the basic parameter set, calculate the raindrop impact kinetic energy and slope runoff velocity at the beginning of rainfall, and then calculate the total shear force of water flow on the slope; by dynamically adjusting the preset water-retaining particle coverage and roughness parameters, the effective shear force of the slope is calculated until the effective shear force is less than the critical starting shear force of the soil, and outputs the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters required to meet the scour safety threshold. The water-retaining material optimization and coupled calculation module is used to exhaustively optimize candidate water-retaining materials and particle size distribution schemes based on the minimum particle coverage and target roughness parameters; calculate the cumulative water absorption under each candidate scheme and convert it into a water content parameter; calculate the shear strength corresponding to each scheme in combination with the unsaturated soil shear strength model; perform multi-dimensional weighted summation based on the increment of water absorption and water retention capacity and shear strength, and output the optimal particle configuration scheme with the highest comprehensive score. The stability simulation and process decision module is used to receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and combine it with the slope parameters of the slope to perform slope stability simulation calculations for different preset paving methods and paving layers. By comparing the safety factor and the predicted amount of sediment erosion under each calculation scheme, the module outputs the optimal paving process instruction. The instructions are issued to the on-site execution terminal to receive the optimal particle configuration scheme and optimal laying process instructions and output them on-site, so as to instruct the construction end to prepare the composite water-retaining slope protection net according to the instructions, and to carry out anchoring and topsoil spraying on the slope according to the required laying method and layer position to complete the physical construction.

9. A terminal, characterized in that, include: Memory for storing water conservation and slope protection programs for sandy soil slopes; A processor is used to implement the steps of the sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection method as described in claim 1 when executing the sandy soil slope water conservation and slope protection program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores computer instructions. When the computer reads the computer instructions from the storage medium, the computer executes the water conservation and slope protection method for sandy soil slopes as described in claim 1.

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