AGC distribution method considering the limited operation area of hydroelectric generating set

Abstract

AGC distribution method considering the limiting operation area of hydroelectric generating set belongs to the field of hydropower station monitoring, and solves the problems that the existing AGC does not distinguish the limiting operation area of the generating set, is easy to cause the generating set to stay in the dangerous working condition for a long time, the power distribution deviation is large, and the generating set grouping cannot be optimized in advance in combination with the load plan. The three-level load distribution priority is established according to stable operation area two > stable operation area one > limiting operation area, and the power optimization distribution is completed through eight steps: first, the generating set to be crossed is screened, then the power deviation of the limiting operation area generating set is closed loop corrected, the partition margin is counted step by step, the generating set re-adjustment identifier is judged, the remaining load is finely distributed according to the scene, and finally, the distribution is executed and the power is checked; the traditional full-area distribution mode can be switched through the function pressure plate. The application preferentially guides the generating set to run in the stable area, shortens the running time in the limiting operation area, reduces the whole plant active power distribution deviation, considers the grid dispatching demand and the safety of the generating set equipment, and improves the dispatching economy and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydropower station monitoring technology, and in particular to an AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is one of the core functions in the field of power system dispatch automation. Its main function is to optimize the distribution of active power setpoints among various generating units, so that the actual active power generated by the entire plant is consistent with the active power setpoints, and the efficiency of each generating unit is close to the highest level. Therefore, AGC plays a crucial role in the stable operation of generating units.

[0003] With the continuous increase in the installed capacity of new energy sources, the demand for peak shaving and frequency regulation of the power grid is becoming increasingly stringent. Hydropower units need to frequently switch between start-up and shutdown, low load, and variable load conditions. Without clear guidance on restricted operating zones, the units may be forced to operate under high-risk conditions for extended periods to meet dispatch instructions, falling into a dilemma between "protecting the power grid" and "protecting the equipment." For high-head, large-capacity hydropower units, their operating conditions are more complex. Through testing and monitoring across the entire head range, three major areas can be scientifically divided: the stable operating zone, the restricted operating zone, and the vibration zone. These can be further subdivided into a vibration zone, a restricted operating zone (referred to as the restricted operating zone), and two operable zones (referred to as stable operating zone one on the left and stable operating zone two on the right). When a unit cannot be allocated within the operating zone, it can be allocated to the restricted operating zone. However, by scientifically dividing the operating zone through testing and monitoring across the entire head range, the turbine can provide the dispatching department with clear load adjustment boundaries, ensuring that the unit completes peak shaving tasks within a safe range. This also avoids damage to equipment due to blindly following instructions, thus achieving a dynamic balance between grid demand and unit safety.

[0004] However, most existing AGC programs do not consider restricted operating areas and lack optimized allocation logic based on operating areas, making it difficult to achieve an effective balance between "protecting the power grid" and "protecting equipment".

[0005] For example, CN105870979A discloses a hydropower station AGC active power allocation method based on a unit combined output model. By establishing a unit combined output model and calculating the joint optimal operating zone and joint restricted operating zone, the optimal allocation algorithm is started when the AGC active power allocation value of the entire station falls into the joint optimal operating zone, and the restricted allocation algorithm is started when it falls into the joint restricted operating zone. The minimum number of stations crossing the vibration zone is used as the selection criterion for the target distribution combination mode. However, this method only divides the total active power allocation value of the entire station into two categories: "joint optimal operating zone" and "joint restricted operating zone," without further distinguishing the priority differences between stable operating zone one and stable operating zone two, and lacks a three-level weighted allocation mechanism. Although its restricted allocation algorithm considers the number of units crossing the vibration zone, it uses whether the total active power target value of the entire station can be fully allocated as the sole criterion. When the dispatching command exceeds the current unit grouping capacity, it lacks pre-grouping and active adjustment methods based on future load curves, and can only passively force units to enter the restricted operating zone to meet power demand. At the same time, this method does not design a separate closed-loop regulation process for units in the restricted zone. Units in the restricted zone and units in the stable zone participate in the power sharing in a unified manner, which is prone to the problem of multiple units simultaneously increasing or decreasing load, causing them to crowd into the vibration danger zone.

[0006] For example, CN116557203A discloses a method and device for regulating the operating power of a hydro-generator unit. This method divides the operating zone into a first vibration zone, a restricted operating zone, a second vibration zone, and a stable operating zone. When a unit with AGC (Automatic Generation Control) is in the first vibration zone and meets preset conditions, it is adjusted to the restricted operating zone by a preset step size and then allocated based on AGC. When the target total power value changes and the units in the stable operating zone meet the conditions, active power load replacement is performed. This method achieves the basic strategy of automatically avoiding the restricted operating zone, but its regulation logic only performs a unidirectional migration between the "vibration zone → restricted operating zone → stable operating zone," lacking a hierarchical priority design for stable operating zone one and stable operating zone two. Furthermore, it uses an "immediate upgrade" function to achieve automatic upgrades after unit startup, making the strategy rather mechanical. It does not introduce a forward-looking pre-grouping and trend judgment mechanism based on load planning, nor does it establish an independent closed-loop correction process for units in the restricted zone.

[0007] For example, CN111654068A discloses a method for active power control of hydropower units with dual suggested operating zones, applicable to a four-zone division of "vibration zone → suggested operating zone 1 → restricted operating zone → suggested operating zone 2". It uses an upward / downward trial-and-error calculation process based on a trial-and-error method to determine the optimal operating zone and shortens the real-time allocation calculation time through pre-modeling. However, this method is designed for units with dual suggested operating zones (suggested operating zone 1 and suggested operating zone 2). While its trial-and-error method avoids the dimensionality curse of exhaustive methods, it lacks a strategy design for separate closed-loop regulation of units in the restricted zone and does not introduce a three-level weighted ranking mechanism, making the selection of the two allocation strategies somewhat extreme and mechanical.

[0008] For example, CN111740452A discloses a single recommended operating zone hydropower unit active power control method applicable to a four-zone division of "vibration zone 1 → restricted operating zone → vibration zone 2 → recommended operating zone". It establishes an intermediate table of all possible distribution modes through an exhaustive method and selects the optimal distribution mode by sorting the sum of the superiority / inferiority parameters and the matching degree parameters. However, this method is based on an exhaustive or enumeration method, and the computational workload increases exponentially with the number of random groups, resulting in low computational efficiency in multi-unit scenarios. Furthermore, its core strategy is to make a choice between "entering the vibration zone" and "not entering the vibration zone", without establishing a three-level priority weight between stable operating zone 1 / stable operating zone 2 and restricted operating zone, and without designing a separate closed-loop regulation for units in the restricted zone or a pre-grouping mechanism based on load plans.

[0009] In summary, while existing technologies have proposed AGC allocation schemes with different focuses under different unit operating zones, none have established a three-level weighted allocation mechanism of "Stable Operating Zone II > Stable Operating Zone I > Restricted Operating Zone." They lack a complete strategy chain, including separate closed-loop regulation of units in the restricted zone, forward-looking pre-grouping and trend judgment based on load plans, and automatic migration of units in the restricted zone back to the stable zone. This fails to meet the dual requirements of safety and flexibility for refined hydropower scheduling in the context of high renewable energy integration. Based on the aforementioned deficiencies of existing technologies, this application proposes a hierarchical, zoned AGC optimization allocation method with pre-grouping prediction and separate closed-loop regulation of the restricted zone. Summary of the Invention The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an AGC allocation method that takes into account the restricted operating area of ​​hydro-generator units, and overcomes the shortcomings of existing AGC allocation strategies that do not distinguish the zoning constraints of generator units, are prone to causing generator units to stay in the restricted operating area for a long time, have large power allocation deviations, cannot optimize generator grouping in advance in conjunction with load plans, have multiple generator units cross the restricted operating area in a disorderly manner, and have inconvenient scheduling mode switching, while taking into account the requirements of grid active power command compliance and the safe operation of hydro-generator equipment.

[0010] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides an AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating zone of a hydro-generator unit. While retaining the original basic AGC allocation rules, it adds optimized allocation logic based on the unit's operating zone. A three-level weighted allocation mechanism is constructed according to the priority of stable operating zone 2 > stable operating zone 1 > restricted operating zone. Priority is given to allocating unit output to the stable operating zone. When the total active power target value of the entire plant falls into the equivalent restricted operating zone, and power allocation cannot be completed solely by relying on the stable operating zone, the unit can be temporarily allocated to the restricted operating zone, thereby improving the operating conditions and stability of the generator unit. The entire allocation process executes steps 1 to 8 sequentially. Step 1: Grouping Basic Calculation and Restricted Operation Zone Unit Screening, including four sub-steps: unit operation data statistics, load plan target grouping calculation, grouping adjustment determination, and priority selection of units entering the restricted operation zone. The first restricted operation zone regulating unit number is selected and output. No need to assign values ​​when changing groupings for units crossing restricted operating areas. The system collects and collects the upper and lower power limits of stable operating zones I and II, and calculates the number of generating units in stable operating zones I, II, and restricted operating zones, as well as the total actual power of units not participating in joint control. Based on this, the upper and lower limits of the current group operation are calculated. The load plan is grouped and spliced ​​with the complete load plan curves of the current day and the next day. The planned power values ​​of each subsequent time are extracted at fixed intervals. The optimal grouping scheme is solved by boundary fast judgment and multi-combination iterative traversal. The optimization criterion is to maximize the number of units configured in stable operating zone II under the premise of reserving the up and down adjustment margin of the units under the same load demand. The grouping adjustment is divided into two categories: forced adjustment when the plant's set power exceeds the group power range and active adjustment based on the future load prediction results to optimize the unit ratio. The system pre-enters the crossing priority parameters of each unit. The higher the priority value of the unit in stable operating zone I, the higher the priority value of the unit in stable operating zone II, and the lower the priority value of the unit in stable operating zone II, the higher the priority value of the unit in stable operating zone II, and the higher the priority value of the unit in stable operating zone II, the lower the priority value of the unit in stable operating zone II. The unit with the highest priority is selected as the only target unit to cross the restricted operating zone according to the load rise and fall direction. Step 2: Limit the operation of individual closed-loop regulation of the unit in the restricted operating area to eliminate the baseline power deviation, only when... This step is initiated when the active generating units are traversed to calculate the total power currently allocated to the units. Total power of units in the stable zone The power deviation of the entire plant can be solved using formula (1): (1); Actual adjustment of a single unit For increased load conditions, formula (2) is used to calculate the unit's upward adjustment margin, and the single adjustment amount is the smaller value between the shortfall power and the upward adjustment margin: (2); Actual adjustment of a single unit For load reduction conditions, the reduction margin is calculated using formula (3), and the larger of the shortfall power and the reduction margin is used for each adjustment: (3); Then update the set power of the unit in the restricted operating area according to formula (4): (4); Simultaneously, the unit is added to the restricted operating area regulation sequence, the cumulative number of regulated units is recorded, and the unit is marked with a separate regulation identifier. Step 3: Re-detect the unit operating zone, calculate the zone power and margin, refresh the operating zone identifier of each unit based on the actual output of the unit after adjustment in Step 2, and calculate the total allocated power of the units in the restricted operating zone, the overall upward and downward adjustment margin of the units in the restricted operating zone, and summarize the current total set power and the upper and lower limits of the power of the units in the stable operating zone 1 and stable operating zone 2, so as to provide data support for subsequent margin calculation. Step 4: Determine the readjustment flag for units in restricted operating areas Values ​​are assigned only when all three conditions are met: the number of units in the restricted operating area is 1, the total plant target power does not fall within the equivalent restricted operating range, and the number of units in the target configuration restricted operating area is 0. This indicates that the number of units configured in the target stable operation zone 2 is higher than the current actual number, and the units in the restricted operation zone need to be adjusted to the stable operation zone 2. This means that the number of units configured in the target stable operation zone 1 is higher than the current actual number, and the units in the restricted operation zone need to be adjusted to the stable operation zone 1. If the readjustment conditions are not met, the units in the restricted operating area will maintain their current operating range, and the remaining power will be distributed only between the units in stable operating area one and stable operating area two. Step 5: Calculate the adjustment margin of the units under joint control in stable operation zone 1 / stable operation zone 2, initialize the joint control target power, and calculate the adjustment margins of units in stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2 respectively based on the regional statistical data in step 3; initialize the target power of units in stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2 to be equal to the current original set power of the units, and simultaneously clear the joint control readjustment flags corresponding to stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2; Step 6: Refined allocation of remaining power for units under joint control in stable operation zone 1 / stable operation zone 2. First, the total target power for joint control is obtained by subtracting the actual power generated by independent non-joint control units from the plant's set power. Then, the total power in the restricted operation zone is subtracted to obtain the remaining power to be allocated. Based on the readjustment flags obtained in step 4, three allocation scenarios are defined: The remaining power is allocated only between stable operating zone one and stable operating zone two, and the adjustable margin of stable operating zone two is used first. After the margin is exhausted, the remaining gap is taken over by the unit in stable operating zone one. Units in the restricted operating area will be incorporated into the second unit group in the stable operating area for unified allocation; Units in restricted operating areas will be incorporated into a unified set of units in stable operating areas for overall allocation. After power adjustments for various scenarios are completed, the corresponding unit joint control recalculation identifiers will be marked synchronously. Step 7: Joint control power allocation is executed. Based on the various joint control readjustment flags generated in Step 6, units not in the target adjustment area are temporarily blocked to avoid irrelevant units from participating in power changes. The underlying power allocation function is called to complete the fine assignment of power values ​​for units in the target area. After all allocations are completed, the unit blocking is removed and all units are restored to normal adjustable status. Step 8: Verify the joint control allocation results, calculate the total allocated power, and perform upper and lower limit hard limit verification on the newly set power of all participating units. If the set power exceeds the upper limit, it will be forcibly locked to the upper limit; if it is lower than the lower limit, it will be forcibly locked to the lower limit. Iterate through the effective units, accumulate the final set power of each unit, and add the fixed actual power generated by the non-joint control units to obtain the final total allocated power of the power plant. This invention also includes a mode switching logic: when the function pressure plate for limiting the running area allocation is closed, the program is cleared. The constraints on the zoned operation of the entire unit are cancelled, the full power adjustable range of the unit is restored, and the traditional full power general allocation logic is adopted. The whole set of zoned fine scheduling logic in steps 1 to 8 is no longer executed. Only parameter reset, full range calculation, general power allocation, output limit verification and total power calculation of the whole plant are completed in sequence.

[0011] The AGC allocation method for hydro-generator units considering restricted operating areas provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention effectively solves the problem that existing AGC programs do not consider the restricted operating area of ​​hydro-generator units and lack optimized allocation logic based on the operating area. When the total active power target value of the entire plant falls into the equivalent restricted operating area and power allocation cannot be completed by relying solely on the stable area, it cannot effectively guide the units to be allocated to the restricted operating area for a short period of time, nor can it prioritize moving the units out of the restricted operating area in subsequent adjustments. This results in the units operating in the restricted operating area for a long time, falling into the dilemma of "protecting the power grid" and "protecting the equipment".

[0012] 2. This invention prioritizes ensuring that as many units as possible operate in the second stable operating zone. Secondly, load regulation is primarily undertaken by units in the second stable operating zone; when the regulation margin of units in the second stable operating zone is insufficient, units in the first stable operating zone participate in the regulation. Finally, if a unit is in the restricted operating zone, it will be moved out of the restricted operating zone and restored to the stable operating zone during the next power regulation. By optimizing the load distribution to the high-efficiency operating range of each unit through these principles, the invention effectively avoids units operating in the vibration range for extended periods and minimizes the number of times they cross the vibration range, thereby improving the operating conditions and stability of the generator units.

[0013] 3. Based on the original basic allocation principle of AGC, this invention adds an optimized allocation logic based on the operating area: according to the quality of the unit's operating conditions, it sorts the units in the order of stable operating area 2 > stable operating area 1 > restricted operating area, forming a three-level weight allocation mechanism to achieve safer, more economical and flexible automatic power generation control.

[0014] 4. Based on the load plan, this invention calculates in advance the number of units that can be put into stable operation zone two in the future period. During the calculation process, sufficient upward and downward adjustment margins are reserved, and the unit grouping strategy is dynamically adjusted according to the calculation results to control the units to cross the restricted operation zone in order to match the future load plan curve.

[0015] 5. This invention realizes an integrated power dispatching logic of "joint control and distribution integration + separate adjustment of restricted operating areas + conventional full power distribution". It executes according to the branch status of the restricted operating area distribution function pressure plate, taking into account both the fine-grained dispatching of unit operating zones (stable operating area one / stable operating area two / restricted operating area) and the general distribution of the traditional full power range. It also includes the entire process of limit verification, margin calculation, operating area recalculation, and distribution result verification, so as to achieve safer, more economical and flexible automatic power generation control.

[0016] 6. This invention sets up a three-level priority allocation rule for operating zones, giving priority to utilizing the margin of units in stable operating zones to handle load fluctuations. This reduces the frequency and duration of units entering restricted operating zones from the source of allocation logic, effectively reducing unit vibration and cavitation losses, extending the overhaul cycle of hydro-generator units, and saving operation and maintenance costs.

[0017] 7. This invention adds a separate closed-loop correction link for units operating in restricted areas, which accurately corrects power deviations for units operating across restricted areas, gradually reducing the power deficit of the entire plant, significantly narrowing the difference between the actual output of the entire plant and the dispatch target power, reducing grid dispatch assessment penalties, and improving the economic benefits of power plant grid connection.

[0018] 8. This invention relies on the pre-optimization of unit grouping based on long and short-term load planning curves, distinguishes between active and forced grouping adjustment conditions, and selects only a single unit with the best priority to cross the restricted operating area each time, avoiding the problem of multiple units entering the vibration zone simultaneously, thus significantly improving the stability of unit operating conditions.

[0019] 9. This invention integrates the restricted operating area and stable area unit allocation by readjusting the identification and scenario, and dynamically changes the power allocation object according to the real-time partition status of the unit. The power allocation is closer to the actual adjustable operating conditions of the unit, and the load allocation accuracy is higher.

[0020] 10. This invention isolates unrelated units through a temporary unit shielding mechanism, avoiding frequent small increases and decreases in output of ineffective units, reducing the wear and tear from frequent governor operation, and reducing mechanical wear of the speed control system.

[0021] 11. This invention sets up a power hard limit verification mechanism to prevent the allocated power from exceeding the physical output boundary of the unit, avoid over-generation and under-generation conditions, and ensure the safe operation of the unit within the rated parameter range of the equipment.

[0022] 12. This invention sets up two allocation modes for switching between function pressure plates. When the partition optimization function is turned off, it can seamlessly revert to the traditional full-range AGC allocation algorithm, which not only meets the daily fine-grained optimization scheduling needs, but also is compatible with conventional scheduling methods under equipment maintenance and testing conditions, making the solution more adaptable to a wider range of scenarios.

[0023] 13. The present invention features unified parameter definitions and modular, step-by-step algorithm execution, which facilitates iterative program modification within the existing AGC control system of existing hydropower stations without the need for additional hardware equipment, resulting in low modification and implementation costs.

[0024] 14. This invention quantifies the unit's adjustment margin, using both margin and power gap constraints to determine the single adjustment range, avoiding excessive single adjustment that could cause the unit to instantly jump between multiple operating zones, resulting in smooth power adjustment without shock.

[0025] 15. The present invention provides a partitioned power output statistics system, which can separate the power output data of the stable zone and the restricted operation zone in real time. This facilitates online monitoring of the operating ratio of the unit in each zone by operation and maintenance personnel, and provides data support for unit maintenance and operation optimization.

[0026] 16. The present invention designs a closed-loop regulation strategy for units in restricted areas, decoupling restricted area regulation from joint control allocation. First, the units in restricted areas eliminate the basic power deviation independently, and then the remaining power of the joint control units in stable operation zone one / stable operation zone two is finely allocated, avoiding allocation chaos caused by multiple units rushing to adjust.

[0027] 17. The present invention sets up a restricted area unit reconfiguration identification mechanism. When the number of restricted area units is 1 and the target power is not in the equivalent restricted operating area, the relocation direction of the restricted area unit is automatically determined based on the comparison between the target and the number of units in the current stable operating area one / stable operating area two, so as to realize the active relocation of the restricted area unit to a better operating area.

[0028] 18. This invention ensures that the actual active power generated by the entire plant is consistent with the active power setpoint and that the efficiency of each unit is close to the highest level. By eliminating the deviation between the AGC target power and the total allocated power, the core objective of this invention is to achieve the optimal allocation of the active power setpoint among the units. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a technical flowchart of the AGC allocation method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the equivalent operating range of a single unit controlling the entire plant according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the equivalent operating range of the four generating units under the joint control of the entire plant according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating zone of a hydro-generator unit. Priorities are set according to the quality of operating conditions: Stable operating zone 2 > Stable operating zone 1 > Restricted operating zone, constructing a three-level weighted allocation mechanism. The unit's output is preferentially allocated to the stable operating zone. Only when the plant's target power cannot be borne by the stable zone is the unit briefly put into operation in the restricted operating zone. The specific steps include: Step 1: Grouping basic calculations and unit screening for restricted operating areas; Step 2: Limit the individual closed-loop regulation of the unit in the operating area to eliminate the basic power deviation; Step 3: Re-test the unit's operating area and calculate the power and margin of each zone; Step 4: Determine the readjustment flag for units in restricted operating areas; Step 5: Calculate the regulation margin of the joint control unit in stable operation zone 1 / stable operation zone 2, and initialize the joint control target power; Step 6: Refined allocation of remaining power for the units under joint control in stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2; Step 7: Execute the joint control power allocation; Step 8: Verify the joint control and allocation results, and calculate the total allocated power.

[0031] Furthermore, the specific details of the grouping basic calculation and restricted operating area unit screening in step 1 include: Complete steps 1.1 (unit operation data statistics), 1.2 (load plan target group calculation), 1.3 (group adjustment determination), and 1.4 (selection of units to prioritize entering the restricted operation zone), ultimately obtaining the first restricted operation zone regulating unit number. This unit is the sole target for subsequent adjustments within the restricted operating area, preventing allocation chaos caused by multiple units vying for control. When the preceding sequence determines that the unit does not currently need to traverse the restricted operating area to change its grouping, .

[0032] Further, in step 1.1, the unit operation data statistics will separately count the number of units participating in AGC (Automatic Generation Control) joint control that are operating in stable operating zone two, restricted operating zone, and stable operating zone one. Based on the unit combination, the adjustment range of the current unit without changing its operating area (the unit does not cross the restricted operating zone) will be calculated. This includes the following data: 1) Lower power limit in the stable operating range: Stable operating range power limit: Lower power limit in stable operating region: Stable operating range power limit 2: ; 2) Number of dual-control units currently in stable operation zone: Number of units in the current stable operating zone under joint control: Number of units currently operating in the restricted area: ; 3) Total actual generating power of units not included in the joint control system: ; 4) Current group running limit: (5); 5) Current group operating lower limit: (6); In the formula, , These are the upper and lower power limits for the current group, respectively.

[0033] Further, step 1.2, load planning target grouping calculation, includes: By piecing together the planned curves for today and tomorrow, a two-day load plan is constructed. Based on the pre-grouping judgment time set by the operators, the optimal grouping result for each subsequent planned time is calculated. (Using the current time...) Based on this, calculate the future planned time points sequentially. Target grouping at any given time. The principle for calculating target grouping is to select and reserve adjustment margins from all grouping schemes that meet the target load. The grouping scheme that maximizes the number of units in the stable operating area.

[0034] Step 1.2.1: Calculation of optimal grouping 1) Based on the pre-grouping time ( Read subsequent plans time( Power planning value (Note: The power generation plan curve is a planned value every 5 minutes), among which, For the estimated duration; 2) Boundary conditions are determined directly: (1) The upper boundary condition of power is directly determined. If the planned power is greater than that of all currently controlled units ( If the output limit of ) is determined, the pre-grouping result will be that all units participating in the joint control will be assigned to stable operation zone two, that is (7); (2) The lower boundary condition of power is directly determined. If the planned power is less than that of all currently controlled units ( If the lower limit of the output is determined, the pre-grouping result will be that all units participating in the joint control are assigned to stable operating zone one, i.e. (8); In the formula, , , They are respectively The target number of units in the stable operating zone I, II and restricted operating zone under the optimal grouping configuration at any time.

[0035] 3) Iterative computation for general scenarios: (1) When the boundary direct determination condition is not met, traverse the number of units in the restricted operating area. ( (Can only be 0 or 1), for each group Traversal ( ), and calculate the lower limit of calculated group power for each combination ( ) and power limit ( ): (9); (10); In the formula, , They are respectively The upper and lower limits of the overall output of the unit group corresponding to the optimal grouping at any given time; (2) Valid grouping criteria: The planned power falls within the upper and lower limits of the grouped power. ); (3) Optimal grouping selection rule: For all valid groups, calculate the load increase direction adjustment margin: (11); Calculate the adjustment margin in the direction of load reduction: (12); In the formula, , They are respectively Adjust the overall power margin by grouping data at different times; The initial number of units in the current optimal stable operating zone is 0. Each selected grouping scheme is filtered according to the following conditions: (13); After filtering out the grouping results that meet the criteria, update ,in , These represent the target number of units for Units 1 and 2 in the stable operating zone under optimal configuration, respectively. (4) Iteration termination condition: If a solution that meets the condition is selected when there are no units in the restricted operating area, the iteration is terminated; otherwise, the iteration is executed. Continue iterating.

[0036] 4) Calculate the current set value according to the above algorithm. Corresponding optimal grouping .

[0037] Step 1.2.2: Trend Judgment and Target Grouping Decision 1) Pre-grouping calculation time window ( )common For each planned time point, the optimal stable operating range number of units is calculated. Define trend indicators : (14); 2) Target grouping decision-making rules: (15); in, Configure parameters for the target group output of the load pre-calculation. , , These represent the number of units planned and configured in stable operating zone 1 under the optimal grouping, the target number of units pre-assigned to restricted operating zone, and the number of units planned and configured in stable operating zone 2. and To increase the lower and upper limits of the group power after adding a stable operating unit, and To reduce the lower and upper limits of the grouped power after one stable operating unit, This represents the optimal grouping result calculated based on the current power setpoint. This represents the current actual grouping; for The current active power setting of the entire plant at any given time; taking 30 minutes (6 planned time periods) as an example, when the number of units in the stable operating zone 2 in the pre-grouping results of the next 6 planned time periods is higher or lower than the current number of units in the stable operating zone 2, the AGC program will actively control the unit with the highest priority in the current corresponding direction to cross the restricted operating zone when the set value does not exceed the current operating range of not crossing the restricted operating zone, so as to adapt to the subsequent planned curve.

[0038] Furthermore, step 1.3, group adjustment determination, includes: The current group needs to be adjusted based on the current active power setpoint and the planned target group. There are two triggering mechanisms: forced adjustment and active adjustment.

[0039] Forced adjustment: Current active power setpoint Exceeds the current group's operating range: (16); Active adjustment: Within the pre-grouping judgment time set by the operators, the number of units in the stable operating zone 2 of the target group is either higher or lower than the current number of units in the stable operating zone 2, and the number of units in the stable operating zone 1 is either lower or higher than the current number of units in the stable operating zone 1. That is, the target group is calculated according to the target grouping decision rules. Adjustments will be made.

[0040] Furthermore, step 1.4 prioritizes the screening of units entering the restricted operating area, including: Determining the priority of unit numbers for crossing restricted operating zones: Unit selection follows a "first up, then down" or "last up, first down" principle to ensure units cross into stable operating zone two. Operators set crossing priorities for all units via the monitoring system's human-machine interface. For units currently in stable operating zone one, those with higher priority values ​​cross upwards first; for units currently in stable operating zone two, those with lower priority values ​​cross downwards first. When unit grouping needs adjustment based on prior calculations, the AGC program selects the unit with the highest priority in the corresponding adjustment direction based on the load change direction and records the unit number in an internal program variable.

[0041] Furthermore, step 2, which involves individually closing the loop to regulate the unit in the restricted operating area to eliminate the baseline power deviation, specifically includes the following steps: Step 2.1 Startup conditions: If (i.e., there are units in the restricted operating area that are being regulated), otherwise the loop will be terminated and the unit in the restricted operating area will be determined to have completed its independent closed-loop regulation.

[0042] Step 2.2 Power Sum and Deviation Calculation: Traverse all units participating in the allocation (generation status + individual adjustment flag for adjustable / restricted operating zones + no shutdown action), calculate the total allocated power sum ( ), steady-state power and ( ), thus obtaining the basic deviation: (1); Step 2.3 Load Adjustment ( ): Computer Group From the current power setting ( Adjustment margin required to reach the lower limit of the second stable operating region: (2); Actual adjustment value taken and The smaller value is ; Step 2.4 Load Reduction Adjustment ( ): Computer Group From the current power setting ( Adjust the adjustment margin to the upper limit of the stable operating range: (3); Actual adjustment value taken and The larger value is ; Step 2.5 Adjustment Result Implementation: The adjustment value is superimposed on the unit. Current power setting ,Right now: (4); In the formula, for The power regulation margin of the unit in the restricted operating area; This is the minimum allowable output limit for stable operation zone two; Number The unit's current original set output value is also the reference power before adjustment; This is the maximum allowable output limit for stable operation zone one; for The newly set power after the unit adjustment and update is the closed-loop control output result.

[0043] Record the unit number participating in the restricted operation area adjustment to the restricted operation area adjustment sequence: (17); The count variable is incremented by 1 from its original value, that is: (18); Individual adjustment indicator for this unit Set to 1 (marked as having participated in separate adjustment of the restricted operation area), where, , These are the unit numbering sequences for the restricted area regulating units before and after the update.

[0044] Furthermore, step 3 involves re-detecting the unit operating area, calculating the power and margin of each zone, and specifically updating the operating area identifiers of all units based on the adjusted unit power according to the restricted operating area, and completing the following core statistics: Step 3.1 Calculate the total set power of all available units and ( ), and the power of the units in the restricted operating area and ( ); Step 3.2 Calculate the regulation margin of the unit in the restricted operating area: Increase margin: (19); Reduce margin: (20); In the formula, , The overall margin for adjustment in the restricted area is adjusted upwards and downwards, respectively. , , They represent the numbers respectively. The upper limit of the rated output power of the unit in the restricted area, the current actual set output value (the target power after the closed-loop regulation is completed), and the lower limit of the minimum allowable output power; Step 3.3 Calculate the total current power setting of the units under joint control in stable operating zone 1 and stable operating zone 2. Upper and lower power limits This provides a foundation for subsequent margin calculations.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 4, the determination of the unit readjustment flag in the restricted operating area ( Specific features include determining whether to adjust the unit in the restricted operating area to the stable area (Stable Operating Area 1 / Stable Operating Area 2) only when the number of units in the restricted operating area is 1. The core determination condition is that the target power does not fall into the plant-wide equivalent restricted operating area and the number of units in the target restricted operating area is 0. The identifier value rules include: If the number of units in the target stable operating zone 2 is greater than the current number of units in the stable operating zone 2, the units in the restricted operating zone will be moved to the stable operating zone 2. If the number of units in the target stable operating zone is greater than the number of units in the current stable operating zone, the units in the restricted operating zone will be moved to stable operating zone one. If the readjustment conditions are not met, the units in the restricted operating area will remain as they are, and the remaining power will only be allocated to the units in the stable operating area I / stable operating area II joint control.

[0046] Preferably, in step 5, the regulation margin of the jointly controlled units in stable operating zone one / stable operating zone two is calculated, the target power for joint control is initialized, and the core regulation margin of the jointly controlled units is calculated based on the operating zone statistics in step 3, providing a basis for the allocation of remaining power. This step has the following characteristics: Step 5.1 Unit margin in stable operating range: Increase margin: (twenty one); Reduce margin: (twenty two); Step 5.2 Margin of Unit 2 in Stable Operation Zone: Increase margin: (twenty three); Reduce margin: (twenty four); In the formula, , These represent the overall upward and downward adjustment margins for the stable operating range. , These represent the overall upward and downward adjustment margins for the second stable operating zone. Step 5.3 Initialize the target power for joint control (based on the current power, to be adjusted later according to the remaining power): (25); (26); In the formula, , Initialize the joint control target power in stable operation zones one and two; Step 5.4 Clear the joint control readjustment indicator: , .

[0047] Furthermore, the refined allocation of remaining power of the jointly controlled units in stable operation zone one / stable operation zone two in step 6 is based on... The target setpoint of the current control unit will be calculated based on different values ​​in three scenarios. The total active power output of the entire plant is calculated by subtracting the actual output of units not included in the control system from the plant's overall active power setpoint. (27); The remaining target power for joint control units after deducting the power in the restricted operating area from the current target setpoint: (28); The units allocated for joint control in stable operation zone one / stable operation zone two are prioritized for adjustment only. Only when the margin is insufficient will the units in stable operation zone one be coordinated. Simultaneously, a joint control readjustment flag is marked to provide a basis for subsequent allocation execution. For the total target power of the joint control unit, Remaining power to be allocated; Set the power level for the overall AGC target of the entire plant; To limit the total power allocated to units in the operating area.

[0048] Step 6.1 Restrict the operation area of ​​the unit from readjustment ( The remaining power is allocated only to the units under joint control in stable operating zone one / stable operating zone two: 1) Joint control load increase ( ): (1) Calculate the load increase gap: (29); In the formula, This represents the remaining unallocated power gap; (2) If the load gap is less than the upward adjustment margin of the second unit in the stable operating range ( ): Only adjust the two units in the stable operating range. Total setpoints for the two units in the stable operating range: (30); Marking the recalculation of Unit 2 in the stable operating zone ; (3) The load gap is greater than or equal to the upward adjustment margin of the second unit in the stable operating range ( ): Prioritize setting the load of Unit 2 in the stable operating zone to full load: (31); The remaining shortfall will be covered by Unit 1 in the stable operating zone: (32); Mark the recalculation flags for Unit 2 and Unit 1 of Stable Operation Zone. , ; 2) Joint control load reduction ( ): (1) Calculate the load reduction gap: (33); (2) If the load gap is less than the lower margin of the two units in the stable operating range ( ): Only adjust the two units in the stable operating range. Total setpoints for the two units in the stable operating range: (30); Marking the recalculation of Unit 2 in the stable operating zone ; (3) The load gap is greater than or equal to the reduction margin of the second unit in the stable operating range ( ): Prioritize setting the load of Unit 2 in the stable operating zone to full load: (34); The remaining shortfall will be covered by Unit 1 in the stable operating zone: (32); Mark the recalculation flags for Unit 2 and Unit 1 of Stable Operation Zone. , ; Step 6.2 Adjust the unit from the restricted operating area to the stable operating area II ( ) The units in the restricted operating area will be included in Unit 2 of the stable operating area, and the target power of Unit 2 in the stable operating area will be recalculated: 1) Calculate the target total power requirement for Unit 2 in the stable operating range: (35); In the formula, The target total power required for stable operation in Zone 2 after the units are incorporated into the restricted area; 2) If this demand is within the adjustable range after the units in the restricted operating area are included in the stable operating area of ​​Unit 2 ( Only adjust the two units in the stable operating range. Mark the stable operating area of ​​Unit 2 for recalculation. ; 3) If the demand exceeds the adjustable range after the units in the restricted operating area are included in the stable operating area of ​​Unit 2: The two generating units in the stable operating range are set to the minimum adjustable power: (36); In the formula, The minimum allowable total output of the two generating units in the stable operating area; The remaining power will be supplied by Unit 1 in the stable operating zone: (37); Mark the recalculation flags for Unit 2 and Unit 1 of Stable Operation Zone. , ; Step 6.3 Adjust the unit from the restricted operating area to the stable operating area one ( ) The units in the restricted operating area are included in Unit 1 of the stable operating area, and the target power of Unit 1 in the stable operating area is recalculated: 1) Calculate the target total power requirement of a unit in the stable operating range: (38); In the formula, This represents the target total power required for stable operation in the restricted area after the units are incorporated into the restricted area. 2) If the demand is within the adjustable range after the unit in the restricted operating area is included in the stable operating area ( Only one unit in the stable operating range is adjusted. Mark the stable operating area of ​​a unit for recalculation. ; 3) If the demand exceeds the adjustable range after a unit in the restricted operating area is included in the stable operating area: The unit in the stable operating range is set to its maximum adjustable power: (39); In the formula, The maximum permissible total output of a single unit in the stable operating zone; The remaining power will be supplied by Unit 2 in the stable operating zone: (40); Mark the recalculation flags for Unit 2 and Unit 1 of Stable Operation Zone. , ; Furthermore, step 7 specifically includes temporarily shielding non-target area units based on the joint control readjustment flag to prevent irrelevant units from participating in the adjustment, calling the underlying power allocation function to complete the fine allocation of power in the target area, and restoring the usable state of the shielded units after the allocation is completed.

[0049] Furthermore, in step 8, the joint control allocation result verification and calculation of the total allocated power have the following characteristics: Step 8.1 Perform hard limit verification on the set power of all participating units to avoid exceeding the maximum / minimum output of the units, and calculate the total allocated power of the power plant; Step 8.2 Limit Verification Rules: If the unit set value is greater than the unit output upper limit, set it to the output upper limit; if the unit set value is less than the unit output lower limit, set it to the output lower limit. Step 8.3 Calculate the power distribution of the joint control system: Traverse all power generation states + individually adjust the available / restricted operating areas + units without shutdown actions, and sum the unit set values ​​to obtain the current unit set value of the power plant; Step 8.4 superimposes the actual generated power of the non-controlled units to obtain the final total allocated power of the power plant.

[0050] Preferably, if the restricted operating area allocation enable is turned off, the AGC program reverts to the traditional general allocation method without operating area grouping, reusing the original full power range allocation logic, without fine-grained scheduling of restricted operating area / stable operating area one / stable operating area two. The steps are simplified and direct, with the core being "reset parameters → full power range calculation → general allocation → limit verification". 1) Clear the indicator of the regulating unit in the restricted operating area: ; 2) Reset the upper and lower limits of the vibration zone for all units: (Reset according to the full power range); 3) Full-power operating range of computer groups: Eliminate the range restrictions of the restricted operating range; 4) Perform general power allocation: Call the underlying power allocation function, and all units participate in the allocation according to the full power range, without zone restrictions; 5) Limit verification rules: If the unit set value is greater than the unit output limit, set it to the output limit; if the unit set value is less than the unit output limit, set it to the output limit. 6) Calculate the power distribution of the joint control system: Traverse all generating units with joint control availability and no shutdown actions, and sum the unit setpoints to obtain the current unit setpoint of the power plant; 7) The actual generated power of the non-controlled units is superimposed to obtain the final total allocated power of the power plant.

[0051] This invention, through a series of innovative designs and technological applications, has developed an AGC allocation method that takes into account the restricted operating area of ​​hydro-generator units, providing a strong guarantee for the safe production of power plants.

[0052] Example 2 In another preferred embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit, and an AGC allocation method for a single unit under isolated load, corresponding to... Figure 2 Diagram showing the equivalent operating range of a single unit across the entire plant.

[0053] Following the complete allocation steps, calculation formulas, parameter definitions, and zone determination rules of Example 1, the hydropower station is equipped with one turbine-generator unit capable of AGC (Automatic Guided Vehicle) control. The remaining units do not participate in AGC control and are used as fixed-output units. Each unit is divided into three zones: Stable Operation Zone 1, Stable Operation Zone 2, and Restricted Operation Zone. Figure 2 As shown, the maximum rated capacity for a single machine. Stable Zone 1 Lower Limit Real-time operating conditions: Total actual power generation of non-controlled units Total AGC setting power of the entire power grid plant Currently, the actual output of the jointly controlled generating units is 29MW, operating within the restricted operating range. .

[0054] Step 1: Grouping Basic Calculations and Unit Screening for Restricted Operating Areas Available control unit , , , ; Calculate according to formulas (5) and (6):

[0055]

[0056] Between and Between these points, no forced adjustments are triggered; after pre-grouping calculations, no proactive cross-regional adjustments are required to determine the first-deployment unit. .

[0057] Step 2: Individual closed-loop regulation of units in restricted operating areas Statistical analysis of the total power of the units involved in the allocation The result is obtained by formula (1):

[0058] Apply formula (3) to calculate the margin under reduced load conditions. Calculate the single adjustment amount according to the rules. ; Calculated using formula (4):

[0059] Based on formulas (17) and (18), we obtain: , The marking unit has participated in restricted area regulation.

[0060] Step 3: Re-test the unit's operating range and calculate the power and margin of each zone. Updated power of restricted area units ; Using the margin formula (19) and supplementary number (20), calculate the upward and downward adjustment margins in the restricted area; for units without a stable area, .

[0061] Step 4: Determine the readjustment flag for units in restricted operating areas Units without a stable operating range cannot complete the unit integration and conversion process. .

[0062] Step 5: Initialize the target power in the stable region , The two zones were cleared and redistributed.

[0063] Step 6: Fine-grained allocation of remaining power Calculated using formula (27): ; Calculated using formula (28): There is no residual power, and no need for load redistribution in the steady zone.

[0064] Step 7: Execute the joint control power allocation 23MW was directly allocated to the unit under joint control.

[0065] Step 8: Verify the allocation results Total power of the whole plant Precise matching of scheduling setpoints; constrained by single-machine partitioning characteristics, such as Figure 2 As shown, the unit is still in the restricted operating area, but the power deviation has been completely eliminated, and sufficient adjustment margin has been reserved.

[0066] By employing the hierarchical adjustment logic of this invention, the output of the unit in the restricted area is corrected in a closed loop first, so as to avoid the unit falling into the vibration restriction zone when the load fluctuates, and to achieve precise AGC tracking under the condition of single unit joint control.

[0067] Example 3 In another preferred embodiment, based on embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment provides an AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​the hydro-generator units. All four units participate in the plant-wide AGC joint control, based on the algorithm of embodiment 1, corresponding to... Figure 3 Multi-machine equivalent partition curve diagram.

[0068] Reusing the entire set of calculation methods and formulas from Example 1, all four identical hydro-turbine generator units of the power station were put into AGC joint control, with no isolated non-joint control units. ; Figure 3 This is the equivalent operating range for four machines operating in parallel, compared to a single machine ( Figure 2 The equivalent operating range is narrowed, while the stable operating range is widened. Individual unit parameters are the same as in Example 2, and the real-time plant-wide target power is [not specified]. Real-time operation: Unit 1, 27MW (restricted area), Units 2, 3, and 4 have capacities of 35MW, 36MW, and 32MW respectively (in the stable zone). , , .

[0069] Step 1: Grouping Basic Calculations and Unit Screening for Restricted Operating Areas Substituting into formulas (5) and (6), we can obtain the upper and lower limits of the whole plant grouping. If the unit falls within the specified range, the pre-grouping determination does not require cross-regional unit changes, and the first regulating unit is selected. .

[0070] Step 2: Individual closed-loop regulation of units in restricted operating areas

[0071] Calculated according to formula (1): ; The adjustable margin of a single unit is calculated according to formula (2) to determine the adjustment amount when the load is increased. ; The result is obtained according to formula (4): ; renew , .

[0072] Step 3: Regional power and margin statistics ; Apply formulas (21), (22), and (24) to calculate the upward and downward adjustment margins for the stable zone 1, zone 2, and restricted zone, respectively.

[0073] Step 4: Re-adjustment of flags There is ample margin for units in the restricted area. This restricts the units from being included in the stable zone allocation.

[0074] Step 5: Initialize target power in the stable region According to formulas (25) and (26), we get: , The redistribution marker for the two zones is set to 0.

[0075] Step 6: Distribute Remaining Power The result is obtained according to formula (27): ; The result is obtained according to formula (27): ; Total power in the original stable region No allocation gap The target power in the stable region remains unchanged.

[0076] Step 7: Assign Execution Power output of each unit: 1#=31MW, 2#=35MW, 3#=36MW, 4#=32MW.

[0077] Step 8: Result Verification Total output ; comparison Figure 3 Equivalent zoning: After optimized allocation, Unit 1 in the original restricted zone was moved out of the restricted zone, and all four units are now operating in the green and stable operating zone.

[0078] The parallel operation of multiple units optimizes the operating range. Based on the strategy of first eliminating the differential in the restricted area and then finely allocating the stable area, the present invention enables all units to operate outside the dangerous restricted area, significantly reducing the risk of unit vibration and cavitation. The stability of AGC regulation is better than that of single-unit joint control.

[0079] In the preferred embodiment, step 1 specifically includes: unit operation data statistics, load plan target group calculation, group adjustment determination, priority selection of units entering the restricted operation zone, and finally, outputting the first restricted operation zone regulating unit number. , only As a separate adjustment object for restricted operating areas; assigned a value when there is no need for the unit to change grouping when crossing restricted operating areas. The above settings, by treating only the first unit in the restricted operating area as a separate adjustment target, avoid the allocation chaos caused by multiple units competing for adjustment, ensure the orderliness and controllability of the restricted area adjustment process, and keep the plant's actual active power generation consistent with the active power setpoint.

[0080] In the preferred embodiment, the statistical content of the unit operation data includes: collecting the upper and lower power limits of stable operation zone one and stable operation zone two; and counting the number of units in stable operation zone one. Number of Units 2 in Stable Operation Zone Number of units in restricted operating areas ; Statistics on the total actual power generated by units not participating in joint control ; Calculate the upper limit of group operation With the lower limit of group operation The above settings, by collecting the upper and lower power limits of the first and second stable operating zones and the number of units in each group, and calculating the upper and lower limits of group operation, provide complete basic data support for subsequent load planning target group calculations, ensuring the accuracy and real-time nature of group decision-making.

[0081] In the preferred embodiment, the load plan target grouping calculation is as follows: splicing the load plan curves of the current day and the next day, extracting the power values ​​of multiple subsequent planned time points with a preset pre-grouping duration, and solving for the optimal number of unit groups at each time point using two methods: direct boundary judgment and iterative calculation for general scenarios; the criterion for selecting the grouping scheme is to maximize the number of units configured in the stable operating area under the premise of equally meeting the load, while reserving the load adjustment margin for the units; the above settings, by extracting the power values ​​of multiple subsequent planned time points with a preset pre-grouping duration, maximize the number of units configured in the stable operating area under the premise of equally meeting the load and reserve the adjustment margin, realize the forward-looking optimization of unit grouping, and actively adapt to the future load plan curve.

[0082] In the preferred embodiment, the group adjustment determination includes two triggering logics: forced adjustment and proactive adjustment; forced adjustment refers to the plant-wide active power setpoint. If the current group operation exceeds the upper and lower limits, the system will be proactively adjusted so that the number of units in the second stable operating zone of the target group is continuously higher or lower than the current actual number of units within the pre-calculated time period, and the number of units in the first stable operating zone changes in the opposite direction. This requires the units to be driven to cross the restricted operating zone to complete the group switch. The above settings, through the coordinated use of two triggering logics, forced adjustment and proactive adjustment, can not only respond to emergency situations where the current active power setpoint exceeds the limit, but also proactively drive the units to cross the restricted operating zone to complete the group switch based on future trends, thereby improving the flexibility and foresight of the scheduling.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the selection rule for units prioritizing entry into the restricted operating zone is as follows: the system presets unit crossing priority parameters; units with higher priority values ​​in stable operating zone one are prioritized to cross upwards into stable operating zone two, while units with lower priority values ​​in stable operating zone two are prioritized to cross downwards into stable operating zone one; the unit with the highest priority is selected as the unit to be crossed based on the load rise / fall direction, and its priority value is assigned to... The above settings, by pre-setting the unit crossing priority parameters and selecting the unit with the highest priority as the unit to be crossed according to the load rise and fall direction, realize the orderly management of the unit crossing the restricted operating area, avoid the distribution oscillation caused by multiple units crossing at the same time, and ensure a smooth transition in the scheduling process.

[0084] In the preferred embodiment, when the restricted operating area allocation function pressure plate is closed, the AGC switches to the traditional full-range allocation mode, and the execution steps are: clearing the number of the first restricted operating area regulating unit. The system removes unit zoning restrictions, restores the full power operating range of units, implements universal power allocation for all units, verifies limits, and summarizes the total power of the entire plant. It no longer distinguishes between stable operating zone one, stable operating zone two, and restricted operating zone for refined scheduling. By clearing the restricted zone adjustment unit number, removing unit zoning restrictions, and restoring the full power operating range, the AGC program can seamlessly switch back to the traditional universal allocation mode, taking into account the dual-mode operation requirements of refined scheduling and universal allocation, and improving system compatibility and operational flexibility.

[0085] In the preferred embodiment, the starting condition for the individual closed-loop regulation of the unit in the restricted operating area described in step 2 is as follows: , If the condition is not met, exit this step directly. The above settings use whether the unit number of the restricted operating area is greater than zero as the start-up condition. When there is no need for adjustment in the restricted area, the program will exit directly, avoiding invalid loop calculations, improving program execution efficiency, and ensuring the accurate elimination of adjustment deviations.

[0086] In the preferred embodiment, the load increase condition determination condition in step 2.2 is as follows: Formula (2) represents the unit's upward adjustment margin, and the actual adjustment amount of the unit in a single operation. Pick , Minimum of the two; Criteria for determining load reduction conditions The downward adjustment margin is expressed as formula (3); the actual adjustment amount of the unit in a single operation. Pick , The maximum value of the two; the new power is expressed by formula (4); the above settings, by increasing the load and taking the smaller value of the power deviation and the adjustment margin, and by reducing the load and taking the larger value of the two, ensure that the restricted area unit can effectively eliminate the power deviation in a single adjustment, and will not cross the boundary of the restricted operating area due to excessive adjustment, thus ensuring the safe operation of the unit.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, step 3, re-detecting the unit operating zone, includes: refreshing all unit operating zone identifiers based on the unit output adjusted in step 2; and calculating the total power of the restricted operating zone. Overall upward adjustment margin for units in restricted operating areas With reduced margin The system summarizes the current total set power and upper and lower power limits of the units in stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2. The above settings refresh the operating zone identifiers of all units based on the adjusted unit output, and calculate the total power and upper and lower adjustment margins of the restricted zone, and summarize the current total set power and upper and lower limits of the units in stable operation zone 1 and 2, providing a complete real-time operating status data foundation for subsequent refined allocation of joint control power.

[0088] In the preferred embodiment, step 4 determines the unit readjustment flag for the restricted operating area. Specifically, this includes: assigning values ​​only when the number of units in the restricted operating zone is 1, the plant's target power is not in the equivalent restricted operating zone, and the number of units in the target restricted operating zone is 0; and marking when the number of units in the target stable operating zone is greater than the number of units in the current stable operating zone. Set to 1 to restrict the unit from adjusting to stable operating zone two; when the number of units in the target stable operating zone is greater than the number of units in the current stable operating zone, indicate this. Set to -1 to restrict the unit from adjusting to the stable operating range; other situations are marked as such. Setting it to 0 restricts the unit to maintain its original operating range. The above settings enable readjustment judgment only when there is 1 unit in the restricted area and the target power is not in the equivalent restricted operating area. Different identifiers are assigned based on the comparison between the number of units in the target stable operating area one or stable operating area two and the current number of units, so as to achieve accurate migration of the restricted area units to a better operating range and avoid unnecessary frequent adjustments.

[0089] In the preferred embodiment, step 5, calculating the adjustment margin of the jointly controlled units in stable operation zone one / stable operation zone two, specifically includes: calculating the total upward and downward adjustment margins of each unit in stable operation zone one and stable operation zone two respectively; initializing the target power of stable operation zone one and stable operation zone two to be equal to the current set power of the units; and clearing the joint control readjustment flags of stable operation zone one and stable operation zone two. , The above settings, by calculating the total margin for each unit in the stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2 respectively and initializing the target power to be equal to the current set power, while clearing the joint control readjustment flag, establish a clear initial state and margin boundary for the fine allocation of remaining power, ensuring the accuracy and traceability of subsequent allocation.

[0090] In the preferred embodiment, the fine allocation of remaining power in step 6 is divided into three allocation scenarios based on the readjustment flag in step 4: when the flag is 0, remaining power is allocated only between stable operating zone 1 and stable operating zone 2, prioritizing the use of the margin in stable operating zone 2, and the remaining power gap is filled by stable operating zone 1 after the margin is exhausted; when the flag is 1, the units in the restricted operating zone are incorporated into stable operating zone 2 for overall power allocation; when the flag is -1, the units in the restricted operating zone are incorporated into stable operating zone 1 for overall power allocation; after the power is adjusted in each scenario, the corresponding unit joint control recalculation flag is simultaneously marked; the above settings, by dividing the remaining power allocation into three scenarios based on the readjustment flag, prioritizing the use of the margin in stable operating zone 2, the remaining power being filled by stable operating zone 1 after the margin is exhausted, or incorporating the units in the restricted zone into stable operating zone 1 / stable operating zone 2 for overall allocation, achieve orderly flow and optimal configuration of power between different operating zones, and improve the overall plant operating efficiency.

[0091] In the preferred embodiment, step 7, the joint control power allocation, involves the following steps: temporarily shielding non-target operating area units based on the joint control readjustment flag generated in step 6, isolating irrelevant units from participating in power adjustment; calling the underlying power allocation function to complete the power allocation for the target units; and after allocation, removing the unit shielding and restoring all units to an adjustable state. These settings, by temporarily shielding non-target operating area units based on the joint control readjustment flag, isolating irrelevant units from participating in power adjustment, and restoring the shielding after completing the fine allocation for the target area using the underlying power allocation function, ensure that power adjustment only applies to units in the designated area, avoiding cross-area interference and guaranteeing allocation accuracy.

[0092] In the preferred embodiment, step 8, the joint control allocation result verification, includes power hard limit verification and total power calculation: if the newly set power of a unit exceeds its own output upper limit, it is locked to the upper limit value; if it is lower than the output lower limit, it is locked to the lower limit value; the set power of all valid participating units is accumulated, and the actual generated power of non-joint control units is added to obtain the final total allocated power of the entire plant; the above settings, by performing hard limit verification on the set power of the units and accumulating the set values ​​of valid participating units and adding the actual generated power of non-joint control units to obtain the total allocated power of the entire plant, ensure that the final allocation result does not exceed the upper and lower limit constraints of the unit output, and achieve precise consistency between the actual active power generated by the entire plant and the given value.

[0093] In summary, this invention proposes an AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​hydro-generator units. It employs a three-level weighted allocation mechanism: Stable Operating Area II > Stable Operating Area I > Restricted Operating Area. A progressive allocation architecture is designed, decoupling the individual closed-loop regulation of units in the restricted area from the refined allocation of remaining power of units under joint control in Stable Operating Area I / Stable Operating Area II. By using forward-looking pre-grouping based on load plans and trend judgment to drive units to actively traverse the restricted operating area, and setting a readjustment flag to achieve automatic migration of units from the restricted area back to the stable area, an AGC function pressure plate is introduced to achieve seamless switching between refined scheduling and traditional universal allocation across all areas. This successfully overcomes the shortcomings of existing AGC allocation strategies, such as not distinguishing between group and zone constraints, easily causing units to remain in the restricted operating area for extended periods, large power allocation deviations, inability to optimize unit grouping in advance based on load plans, disorderly traversal of multiple units through the restricted area, and inconvenient switching of scheduling modes. It also takes into account both the requirements for grid active power command compliance and the safe operation of hydro-generator equipment.

[0094] This invention deeply integrates the stable zone, restricted zone, and vibration zone defined by the full head test of the turbine with the active power allocation in AGC allocation, constructing a three-stage progressive allocation architecture of "separate closed-loop adjustment in the restricted zone → re-detection of the operating zone → refined allocation of remaining power through joint control." It first eliminates basic deviations before performing refined allocation, ensuring that the actual active power output of the entire plant remains consistent with the active power setpoint. By quantifying the unit's adjustment margin and using both margin and power gap constraints to determine the single adjustment range, it avoids excessive single adjustment that could cause the unit to instantly cross multiple operating zones, resulting in smooth and shock-free power adjustment. Simultaneously, based on the readjustment indicator, it integrates the joint allocation of units in the restricted zone and stable zone in three scenarios, introduces a temporary unit shielding mechanism to shield units in non-target areas, and combines a hard power limit verification mechanism to prevent exceeding the physical output boundary of the generator unit, forming a complete safety constraint closed loop.

[0095] Addressing the industry pain point of complex operating conditions for high-head, large-capacity hydropower units, this invention splices today's and tomorrow's load plan curves. It calculates the optimal grouping for multiple future planned timeframes based on the criterion of maximizing the number of units in the stable operating zone within the reserved adjustment margin. Furthermore, it uses trend analysis to drive units to proactively traverse restricted operating zones to match future load curves, achieving an upgrade from passive response to proactive prediction in scheduling. For unit traversal control, a parameterized screening rule is proposed: units with higher priority values ​​in the stable operating zone are prioritized for upward traversal, while units with lower priority values ​​in the stable operating zone are prioritized for downward traversal. Only the first restricted zone regulating unit is screened at a time to avoid multiple units competing for scheduling. Regarding restricted zone unit management, a readjustment judgment is initiated only when there is one unit in the restricted zone and the target power is not in the equivalent restricted operating zone. The relocation direction is automatically determined based on a comparison of the target power with the current number of units in the zone, achieving precise relocation of units from the restricted zone to the stable zone.

[0096] The entire solution features unified parameter definitions and modular, step-by-step algorithm execution. It can complete program iteration and modification within the existing hydropower station AGC control system without adding new hardware equipment. It realizes the function of dividing power into zones and sub-items for statistical analysis, and can split the contribution data of stable operation zone I, stable operation zone II, and restricted operation zone in real time. It provides maintenance personnel with data support capabilities that traditional AGC does not have, enabling them to monitor the operation ratio of unit groups in different zones online and optimize maintenance strategies. It balances the advanced nature of the algorithm with the feasibility of engineering implementation.

Claims

1. A method for allocating AGC (Automatic Guided Vehicle) within the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit, characterized in that: Prioritize units based on their operating conditions, with Stable Operating Zone 2 > Stable Operating Zone 1 > Restricted Operating Zone, establishing a three-tiered weighted allocation mechanism. Unit output is prioritized for allocation to the Stable Operating Zone. When the plant's target power cannot be borne by the Stable Operating Zone, the unit is temporarily switched to the Restricted Operating Zone. This process includes the following steps: Step 1: Grouping basic calculations and unit screening for restricted operating areas; Step 2: Limit the individual closed-loop regulation of the unit in the operating area to eliminate the basic power deviation; Step 3: Re-test the unit's operating area and calculate the power and margin of each zone; Step 4: Determine the readjustment flag for units in restricted operating areas; Step 5: Calculate the regulation margin of the joint control unit in stable operation zone 1 / stable operation zone 2, and initialize the joint control target power; Step 6: Refined allocation of remaining power for the units under joint control in stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2; Step 7: Execute the joint control power allocation; Step 8: Verify the joint control and allocation results, and calculate the total allocated power.

2. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 specifically includes: unit operation data statistics, load plan target grouping calculation, grouping adjustment determination, priority selection of units to enter the restricted operation zone, and finally outputting the first restricted operation zone regulating unit number. , only As a separate adjustment object for restricted operating areas; assigned a value when there is no need for the unit to change grouping when crossing restricted operating areas. .

3. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The statistical content of the unit operation data includes: collecting the upper and lower power limits of stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2; counting the number of units in stable operation zone 1, stable operation zone 2, and restricted operation zone; counting the total actual power generated by units not participating in joint control; and calculating the upper and lower limits of group operation.

4. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The load plan target grouping calculation is as follows: splice the load plan curves of the current day and the next day, extract the power values ​​of multiple subsequent planned time points with a preset pre-grouping time, and solve the optimal number of unit groups at each time point by two methods: direct boundary judgment and iterative calculation of general scenarios; the criterion for selecting the grouping scheme is to maximize the number of units configured in the stable operation area under the premise of equally meeting the load, while reserving the load margin for unit adjustment.

5. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The group adjustment determination includes two triggering logics: forced adjustment and active adjustment. Forced adjustment occurs when the plant's active power setpoint exceeds the upper and lower limits of the current group's operation. Active adjustment occurs when the number of units in the second stable operating zone of the target group is continuously higher or lower than the current actual number of units during the pre-calculated period, and the number of units in the first stable operating zone changes in the opposite direction, requiring the units to cross the restricted operating zone to complete the group switch.

6. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The priority selection rule for generating units entering the restricted operating area is as follows: The system presets a unit crossing priority parameter. Units with higher priority values ​​in stable operating area one are prioritized to cross upwards into stable operating area two; units with lower priority values ​​in stable operating area two are prioritized to cross downwards into stable operating area one. Based on the load increase / decrease direction, the unit with the highest priority is selected as the unit to be crossed, and its priority value is assigned to... .

7. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the restricted operating area allocation function pressure plate is closed, the AGC switches to the traditional full-range allocation mode, and the execution steps are: zeroing. Remove the unit zone restrictions, restore the full power operating range of the units, implement universal power allocation for all units, limit verification, and summarize the total power of the entire plant. The fine-grained scheduling of stable operating zone I, stable operating zone II, and restricted operating zone is no longer distinguished.

8. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The starting conditions for the individual closed-loop regulation of the unit in the restricted operating area described in step 2 are as follows: , Then exit this step directly; After startup, step 2 includes the following sub-steps: Step 2.1: Traverse and calculate the total allocated power of all participating generating units. Stable range unit power and Calculate the power basis deviation: （1）； In the formula, Set the power target for the entire plant's AGC; This represents the plant's overall power baseline deviation value. Step 2.2: Based on the basic deviation The positive and negative load conditions are distinguished and the unit is calculated separately for each load increase and decrease condition. Adjustment margin and actual adjustment amount ; Step 2.3: Update the power setpoints of the units in the restricted operating area, and update the adjustment sequence and statistical quantity of the units in the restricted operating area. Individual adjustment of marking unit .

9. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The load increase condition determination criteria mentioned in step 2.2 are as follows: ,unit The upward adjustment margin is expressed as: （2）； Actual adjustment amount of unit per operation Pick , The minimum value of both; Conditions for determining load reduction conditions The downward margin is expressed as: （3）； Actual adjustment amount of unit per operation Pick , The maximum value of both; The new power is: （4）； In the formula, for The power regulation margin of the unit in the restricted operating area; This is the minimum allowable output limit for stable operation zone two; Number The unit's current set output value is also the reference power before adjustment; This is the maximum allowable output limit for stable operation zone one; for The newly set power after the unit adjustment and update is the closed-loop control output result.

10. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3, re-detecting the unit operating zone, includes: refreshing all unit operating zone identifiers based on the unit output adjusted in Step 2; calculating the total power of units in the restricted operating zone, the overall upward and downward adjustment margins of units in the restricted operating zone; and summarizing the current total set power and the upper and lower limits of the power of the units in the stable operating zone 1 and stable operating zone 2.

11. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4, determining the re-adjustment flag for units in the restricted operating area, specifically includes: assigning a value when the number of units in the restricted operating area is 1, the total plant target power is not in the equivalent restricted operating area, and the number of units in the target restricted operating area is 0; when the number of units in the target stable operating area 2 is greater than the number of units in the current stable operating area 2, the re-adjustment flag for units in the restricted operating area is set to 1, and the units in the restricted operating area are adjusted to stable operating area 2; when the number of units in the target stable operating area 1 is greater than the number of units in the current stable operating area 1, the re-adjustment flag for units in the restricted operating area is set to -1, and the units in the restricted operating area are adjusted to stable operating area 1; in other cases, the re-adjustment flag for units in the restricted operating area is set to 0, and the restricted units maintain their original operating range.

12. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 5, calculating the adjustment margin of the joint control unit in stable operation zone 1 / stable operation zone 2, specifically includes: calculating the total upward and downward adjustment margins of the units in stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2 respectively; initializing the target power of stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2 to be equal to the current set power of the units; and clearing the joint control readjustment flag of stable operation zone 1 and stable operation zone 2.

13. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refined allocation of remaining power in step 6 is divided into three allocation scenarios based on the unit readjustment flag in step 4: When the flag is 0, the remaining power is allocated between stable operating zone 1 and stable operating zone 2, with priority given to using the margin in stable operating zone 2. After the margin is exhausted, stable operating zone 1 will take over the remaining power gap; when the flag is 1, the units in the restricted operating zone will be incorporated into stable operating zone 2 for unified power allocation; when the flag is -1, the units in the restricted operating zone will be incorporated into stable operating zone 1 for unified power allocation. After the power is adjusted in each scenario, the corresponding unit joint control recalculation flag will be marked synchronously.

14. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of step 7, joint control power allocation, are as follows: based on the joint control readjustment flag generated in step 6, the non-target operating area units are temporarily shielded, and irrelevant units are isolated from power adjustment; the underlying power allocation function is called to complete the power allocation of the target units; after the allocation is completed, the unit shielding is removed, and all units are restored to the adjustable state.

15. The AGC allocation method considering the restricted operating area of ​​a hydro-generator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 8, the joint control allocation result verification, includes power hard limit value verification and total power calculation: if the newly set power of the unit exceeds its own output upper limit, it is locked to the upper limit value; if it is lower than the output lower limit, it is locked to the lower limit value; the set power of all valid participating units is accumulated, and the actual power generated by non-joint control units is added to obtain the final total allocated power of the entire plant.

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