Geological hidden danger detection and risk assessment method for goaf

Abstract

The present application provides a goaf geological hidden danger detection and risk assessment method, the method comprises the following steps: step one: data reconnaissance and preliminary preparation; step two: comprehensive geophysical prospecting and global survey; step three: drilling verification, detection sampling and sample detection; step four: data analysis and hidden danger identification; step five: zoning and hidden danger prevention; step six: risk assessment. The present application adopts a multi-geophysical prospecting combination + drilling verification mode, combined with a special quantitative calculation formula, completely solves the problems of traditional detection misjudgment, misjudgment and low precision, accurately restores the spatial form of the goaf; the evaluation is standardized and quantified, a multi-index weighted evaluation system is constructed, artificial subjective experience determination is abandoned, risk level accurate quantization grading is realized, the evaluation result is more scientific and reliable; the treatment is highly targeted, four-level risk grading differential treatment, accurate matching of hidden danger working conditions, avoiding the problems of excessive treatment or inadequate treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological hazard detection equipment, specifically to methods for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas. Background Technology

[0002] Underground mining is complex and ever-changing. The goaf that appears in mines poses a serious safety hazard to mine production. Personnel and machinery may be injured due to the collapse of the goaf. Therefore, it is essential to understand the internal conditions of the goaf. Goafs may cause geological disasters such as ground subsidence and collapse. Their development and changes will naturally affect the safety of normal mine production, transportation roads, and surface buildings. Therefore, grasping its changing trends is an important basis for engineering technicians to take timely preventive and reinforcement measures.

[0003] According to patent document CN222689168U, a three-dimensional panoramic camera for detecting goaf areas in underground mines includes a traction device, a measuring device, and an auxiliary device. The traction device consists of a hollow nylon rope, an elastic rope, and a fixing rope, with the elastic rope inside the hollow nylon rope, allowing it to slide freely. The auxiliary device consists of a protective cover, an operation panel, operation buttons, a light, a memory card slot, a battery, and a protective shell. The battery has a battery bracket and a charging cable. The hollow nylon rope is fixed to the top of the protective cover by four fixing ropes. This technical solution, equipped with a light and a laser rangefinder, improves the accuracy and clarity of data measurement. The freely rotatable camera and laser rangefinder facilitate adjustments based on the specific location and direction to be detected. However, while the above technical solution allows for position and direction adjustments, it only allows for single image acquisition during use. Sampling and subsequent device positioning and fixation are not possible during image acquisition, which is inconvenient in use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background section. This invention is novel. In use, an image acquisition device and a gas sensor on the detection equipment are used to detect the internal conditions of the borehole. Simultaneously, a tiltable conical cylinder contacts the borehole wall to scrape and collect samples. While sampling, the tiltable conical cylinder opens outwards to limit and fix the detection equipment, ensuring its stability during detection.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Data reconnaissance and preliminary preparation, collecting basic data on the geology, mining engineering, mining history, and hydrological subsidence of the mining area, conducting on-site reconnaissance to investigate macroscopic surface hazards, delineating key detection areas, and preparing a special detection implementation plan; Step 2: Comprehensive geophysical exploration and full-area survey. A comprehensive geophysical exploration using multiple methods is carried out to conduct a full-area survey. Through technologies such as ground-penetrating radar, high-density electrical resistivity tomography, transient electromagnetic methods, and shallow seismic surveys, shallow cavities and fissures, loose and fractured rock zones, deep mined-out areas and water accumulation areas, and the development range of collapse zones are detected to preliminarily delineate geological anomaly areas and identify the scope of suspected mined-out areas. Step 3: Drilling verification, exploration and sampling, and sample testing; clarify the exploration range, stratum type, sampling depth and location, divide the sampling areas, and mark the locations. Step 4: Data analysis and hazard identification. Noise reduction, correction, mapping and comprehensive interpretation of all raw geophysical, drilling and monitoring data. At the same time, classify mining-induced hazards, distinguish between cavitation type, filling type, water accumulation type and other hazard types, identify potential geological disasters such as collapse, water inrush and surrounding rock instability, and determine the degree of hazard development. Step 5: Risk assessment. Using the risk matrix method, analytic hierarchy process, or comprehensive qualitative assessment, the risk of the goaf area is divided into four levels: Level I low risk, Level II medium risk, Level III high risk, and Level IV extremely high risk, clarifying the degree of hazard and the scope of impact of each area. Step Six: Step Five: Implement zoned measures and prevent and control hidden dangers. In low-risk areas, conduct routine patrols and monitoring; in medium-risk areas, carry out surface drainage, crack sealing, and regular re-testing; in high-risk and extremely high-risk areas, implement special rectification measures such as grouting backfilling, roof reinforcement, fencing and isolation, and personnel relocation to completely eliminate or reduce geological hidden danger risks. Preferably, the geophysical exploration-specific calculation formula in step two includes: The formula for calculating the detection depth is: H = v × t / 2 (where H is the detection depth in meters, v is the electromagnetic / seismic wave velocity in meters per second, and t is the two-way propagation time in seconds). Formula for calculating the horizontal dimension of the abnormal body: L=v×Δt (L is the horizontal width of the mining-out abnormality in m, and Δt is the duration of the abnormal waveform in s); Preferably, step three further includes: I. Divide the strata and determine the types of soil and rock layers. Through particle, mineral, and lithological analysis, determine the distribution, thickness, and burial depth of the strata, draw geological profiles, and evaluate physical and mechanical properties. II. Evaluate physical and mechanical properties, test density, moisture content, void ratio, compressive or shear strength, compressibility, etc., to determine the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation, and provide parameters for building site selection and foundation design; Third, identify unfavorable geological bodies and use detection equipment to identify potential hazards such as weak interlayers, silt, fractured zones, expansive soil, saline soil, and frozen soil, and assess the risks of landslides, collapses, and foundation settlement. IV. Groundwater sampling and analysis: analyze water quality, pH, and ion content; determine groundwater corrosivity; guide the design of building materials and pile foundation corrosion protection; identify aquifer distribution, water level, and flow direction; assess the risk of construction dewatering and foundation pit water inrush; detect pollutants; evaluate the site's water environment; and ensure compliance with environmental protection and engineering water requirements.

[0006] Preferably, the detection device includes a storage device, an input device, an output device, an image acquisition device, and a hazard identification device. The image acquisition device acquires and detects images of the inner wall of the borehole. As one end of the detection device goes deeper, it performs image recognition on the soil layer inside the borehole and the sensor identifies the gas. After recognition, the result data is output in real time. The output device transmits data to an external display device via wireless signal. The location and depth of the hazard are determined by the data characteristics. In addition, the internal gas is identified by sensors, and the type of hazard is determined by the gas identification.

[0007] Preferably, the detection device determines whether the hazard identification result triggers an alarm mechanism. If no alarm mechanism is triggered, the detection head continues to perform in-depth detection and identification. If an alarm mechanism is triggered during detection, a hazard alarm state is established, and a hazard alarm signal is issued. The hazard is then detected again based on the alarm state, and the hazard level is classified after detection.

[0008] Preferably, step five also includes selecting core assessment indicators such as the depth and scale of the goaf, the lithology of the roof, the integrity of the surrounding rock, the state of filling and water accumulation, the surrounding buildings and structures, and personnel and traffic, and adopting professional evaluation methods such as the risk matrix method and the analytic hierarchy process.

[0009] Preferably, while the detection device moves up and down inside the borehole to perform detection, the detection device itself carries a sampling structure that is an tiltable conical cylinder. After the conical cylinder expands outward, it contacts the inner wall of the borehole. The sample is extracted by the rising of the detection device. After the sampling conical cylinder expands outward, it can limit and fix one end of the detection device. The detection head of the detection device is stationary and fixed in the detection area under the limit for stable detection.

[0010] Preferably, step six also includes the subsequent comprehensive integration of on-site detection data, various professional maps, hazard distribution results, risk rating reports, zoning treatment plans and emergency plans, systematically sorting out all process operation data, compiling a complete special report on geological hazard detection and risk assessment in the goaf area, and completing the project loop.

[0011] Preferably, in step five, the morphology of the goaf, the parameters of the collapse zone and the fracture zone are re-measured before and after the treatment construction. The deviation between the calculated value and the measured value is compared. For projects such as grouting backfilling and roof reinforcement, core drilling and sonic testing are used to verify the compaction. The treatment compliance status is determined by combining settlement monitoring data. Long-term dynamic monitoring and operation are carried out. A normalized monitoring mechanism is established for medium and high risk areas. Settlement, displacement and seepage data are collected regularly. The risk value is continuously updated in combination with the risk formula. The hidden danger repair site is monitored in real time.

[0012] Preferably, a "detection-assessment-treatment-review-monitoring" ledger is established, with each potential hazard location numbered and archived. Responsible persons and deadlines for rectification are assigned to ensure a closed-loop process for eliminating potential hazards. An emergency routine duty mechanism is established, and special emergency plans are kept for high-risk areas. Regular hazard inspections and emergency drills are conducted to prevent sudden collapses and water inrushes, taking into account factors such as heavy rain and construction disturbances.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: In this invention, during use, the image acquisition device and gas sensor on the detection equipment are used to detect the condition inside the borehole. At the same time, a tiltable conical cylinder is used to scrape and sample the borehole wall. While sampling, the tiltable conical cylinder opens outward to limit and fix the detection equipment, ensuring the stability of the detection equipment during detection.

[0014] This invention employs a multi-geophysical exploration combination + drilling verification mode, coupled with a proprietary quantitative calculation formula, to completely solve the problems of missed detection, misjudgment, and low accuracy in traditional detection methods, accurately reconstructing the spatial morphology of goaf areas. The assessment is standardized and quantitative, constructing a multi-indicator weighted assessment system that eliminates subjective human experience-based judgment, achieving precise quantitative classification of risk levels, resulting in more scientific and reliable assessment results. The remediation is highly targeted, with differentiated remediation based on a four-level risk classification system, accurately matching hazard conditions and avoiding over- or under-remediation, balancing safety and economy. The entire process is under closed-loop management, with newly added mechanisms for post-implementation review, verification, operation and maintenance, record keeping, and emergency response, upgrading from one-time detection and assessment to dynamic risk control throughout the entire lifecycle. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating step three of the method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection equipment for the method of detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating step four of the method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the geological hazard detection and risk assessment method for goaf areas according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0017] Please see Figures 1 to 5 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Data reconnaissance and preliminary preparation, collecting basic data on the geology, mining engineering, mining history, and hydrological subsidence of the mining area, conducting on-site reconnaissance to investigate macroscopic surface hazards, delineating key detection areas, and preparing a special detection implementation plan; The system collects basic data such as geological exploration reports, mining engineering plans, mining history records, hydrological and meteorological data, and surface subsidence monitoring data for the mining area; conducts on-site reconnaissance of the entire area to investigate macroscopic hidden dangers such as surface subsidence pits, cracks, wall deformation, and spring water leakage, and divides key detection areas and routine investigation areas; and develops special detection implementation plans based on site topography, construction conditions, and safety risks, clarifying the standards for operational accuracy, survey line layout, safety control, and quality control. Step 2: Comprehensive geophysical exploration and full-area survey. A comprehensive geophysical exploration using multiple methods is carried out to conduct a full-area survey. Through technologies such as ground-penetrating radar, high-density electrical resistivity tomography, transient electromagnetic methods, and shallow seismic surveys, shallow cavities and fissures, loose and fractured rock zones, deep mined-out areas and water accumulation areas, and the development range of collapse zones are detected to preliminarily delineate geological anomaly areas and identify the scope of suspected mined-out areas. A comprehensive, thorough survey was conducted using a combination of multiple geophysical exploration technologies, leveraging the complementary advantages of each: ground-penetrating radar detected shallow cavities and fracture zones (0–30m); high-density electrical resistivity tomography identified loose, fractured rock zones and water-rich areas; transient electromagnetic methods detected deep, concealed mining voids and water-accumulated areas; and shallow seismic surveys detected the extent of collapse zones and fracture zones. Based on geophysical calculation formulas, the depth and scale of anomalies were precisely calculated, preliminarily delineating all geological anomaly areas and identifying the boundaries of suspected mining voids. Geophysical exploration-specific calculation formulas include: The formula for calculating the detection depth is: H = v × t / 2 (where H is the detection depth in meters, v is the electromagnetic / seismic wave velocity in meters per second, and t is the two-way propagation time in seconds). Formula for calculating the horizontal dimension of the abnormal body: L = v × Δt (L is the horizontal width of the mining-out abnormality in meters, and Δt is the duration of the abnormal waveform in seconds) Step 3: Drilling verification, exploration sampling, and sample testing; clarifying the exploration range, formation type, sampling depth and location; dividing the sampling areas; and marking the sampling points; this includes: I. Divide the strata and determine the types of soil and rock layers. Through particle, mineral, and lithological analysis, determine the distribution, thickness, and burial depth of the strata, draw geological profiles, and evaluate physical and mechanical properties. II. Evaluate physical and mechanical properties, test density, moisture content, void ratio, compressive or shear strength, compressibility, etc., to determine the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation, and provide parameters for building site selection and foundation design; Third, identify unfavorable geological bodies and use detection equipment to identify potential hazards such as weak interlayers, silt, fractured zones, expansive soil, saline soil, and frozen soil, and assess the risks of landslides, collapses, and foundation settlement. IV. Groundwater sampling and testing: analyze water quality, pH, and ion content; determine groundwater corrosivity; guide the design of building materials and pile foundation corrosion protection; identify aquifer distribution, water level, and flow direction; assess the risks of construction dewatering and foundation pit water inrush; detect pollutants; evaluate the site water environment; and ensure compliance with environmental protection and engineering water requirements. The detection equipment collects and detects images of the inner wall of the borehole. As one end of the detection equipment goes deeper, it identifies the soil layer inside the borehole and uses sensors to identify gases, outputting the results data in real time. The output device transmits the data to an external display device via wireless signal. The location and depth of the hazard are determined by the data characteristics. In addition, the internal gases are identified by sensors, and the type of hazard is determined by the gas identification. While the detection equipment moves up and down inside the borehole to perform detection, the detection equipment itself carries a sampling structure that is an tiltable conical cylinder. After the conical cylinder expands outward, it contacts the inner wall of the borehole. The sample is extracted by the rise of the detection equipment. After the sampling conical cylinder expands outward, it can limit and fix one end of the detection equipment. The detection head of the detection equipment is stationary and fixed in the detection area under the limit for stable detection. The system determines whether the hazard identification result triggers the alarm mechanism. If the alarm mechanism is not triggered, the detection head continues to probe and identify the hazard. If the alarm mechanism is triggered during detection, a hazard alarm state is established and a hazard alarm signal is issued. The system then checks the hazard again based on the alarm state and classifies the hazard level after the check.

[0018] Step 4: Data analysis and hazard identification. Noise reduction, correction, mapping and comprehensive interpretation of all raw geophysical, drilling and monitoring data. At the same time, classify mining-induced hazards, distinguish between cavitation type, filling type, water accumulation type and other hazard types, identify potential geological disasters such as collapse, water inrush and surrounding rock instability, and determine the degree of hazard development. Step 5: Risk assessment. Using the risk matrix method, analytic hierarchy process, or comprehensive qualitative assessment, the risk of the goaf area is divided into four levels: Level I low risk, Level II medium risk, Level III high risk, and Level IV extremely high risk, clarifying the degree of hazard and the scope of impact of each area. Noise reduction, correction, and mapping of multi-source raw data from geophysical exploration, drilling, and monitoring are performed to conduct comprehensive geological interpretation and accurately delineate the planar extent, spatial morphology, and depth distribution of goaf areas. Based on empirical formulas for rock strata failure zones commonly used in mines, the development height of collapse zones and fracture zones is quantitatively calculated to accurately determine the extent of surrounding rock damage. Simultaneously, potential hazards are classified and graded into four types: cavitary, semi-filled, fully filled, and water-accumulated goaf hazards, identifying potential geological disasters such as collapse, water inrush, surrounding rock instability, and ground subsidence. Step Six: Implement zoned measures and prevent and control hidden dangers. In low-risk areas, conduct routine patrols and monitoring; in medium-risk areas, carry out surface drainage, crack sealing, and regular re-testing; in high-risk and extremely high-risk areas, implement special rectification measures such as grouting backfilling, roof reinforcement, fencing and isolation, and personnel relocation to completely eliminate or reduce geological hidden danger risks. Based on the risk classification results, differentiated zoned management will be implemented: Level I low-risk areas will be subject to routine inspections and regular monitoring; Level II medium-risk areas will implement surface drainage, fissure sealing, local rock mass reinforcement, and regular re-monitoring; Level III high-risk areas will implement local grouting backfilling, roof support reinforcement, and hazard enclosure and isolation; Level IV extremely high-risk areas will adopt emergency management measures such as full-area grouting filling, forced reinforcement, personnel avoidance, engineering avoidance, and temporary control to eliminate geological safety hazards in a graded manner. Before and after the treatment construction, the morphology of the goaf, the parameters of the collapse zone and the fracture zone were re-measured, and the deviation between the calculated values ​​and the measured values ​​was compared. For projects such as grouting backfilling and roof reinforcement, core drilling and sonic testing were used to verify the compaction. Settlement monitoring data were combined to determine the treatment compliance status. Long-term dynamic monitoring and operation and maintenance were carried out. A normalized monitoring mechanism was established for medium and high risk areas, and settlement, displacement and seepage data were collected regularly. The risk value was continuously updated in combination with the risk formula, and the hidden danger repair site was monitored in real time. Establish a "detection-assessment-treatment-review-monitoring" ledger, number and archive hazard points, assign responsibility for rectification and set rectification deadlines to achieve a closed loop of hazard elimination, establish a normalized emergency duty mechanism, retain special emergency plans for high-risk areas, and regularly conduct hazard inspections and emergency drills in response to triggers such as rainstorms and construction disturbances to prevent sudden collapses and water inrush accidents.

[0019] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0020] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Data reconnaissance and preliminary preparation, collecting basic data on the geology, mining engineering, mining history, and hydrological subsidence of the mining area, conducting on-site reconnaissance to investigate macroscopic surface hazards, delineating key detection areas, and preparing a special detection implementation plan; Step 2: Comprehensive geophysical exploration and full-area survey. A comprehensive geophysical exploration using multiple methods is carried out to conduct a full-area survey. Through technologies such as ground-penetrating radar, high-density electrical resistivity tomography, transient electromagnetic methods, and shallow seismic surveys, shallow cavities and fissures, loose and fractured rock zones, deep mined-out areas and water accumulation areas, and the development range of collapse zones are detected to preliminarily delineate geological anomaly areas and identify the scope of suspected mined-out areas. Step 3: Drilling verification, exploration and sampling, and sample testing; clarify the exploration range, stratum type, sampling depth and location, divide the sampling areas, and mark the locations. Step 4: Data analysis and hazard identification. Noise reduction, correction, mapping and comprehensive interpretation of all raw geophysical, drilling and monitoring data. At the same time, classify mining-induced hazards, distinguish between cavitation type, filling type, water accumulation type and other hazard types, identify potential geological disasters such as collapse, water inrush and surrounding rock instability, and determine the degree of hazard development. Step 5: Risk assessment. Using the risk matrix method, analytic hierarchy process, or comprehensive qualitative assessment, the risk of the goaf area is divided into four levels: Level I low risk, Level II medium risk, Level III high risk, and Level IV extremely high risk, clarifying the degree of hazard and the scope of impact of each area. Step Six: Implement zoned measures and prevent and control hidden dangers. In low-risk areas, conduct routine patrols and monitoring; in medium-risk areas, carry out surface drainage, crack sealing, and regular re-testing; in high-risk and extremely high-risk areas, implement special rectification measures such as grouting backfilling, roof reinforcement, fencing and isolation, and personnel avoidance to completely eliminate or reduce geological hidden danger risks.

2. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geophysical exploration-specific calculation formula in step two includes: The formula for calculating the detection depth is: H = v × t / 2 (where H is the detection depth in meters, v is the electromagnetic / seismic wave velocity in meters per second, and t is the two-way propagation time in seconds). Formula for calculating the horizontal dimension of the abnormal body: L=v×Δt (L is the horizontal width of the mining abnormality in m, and Δt is the duration of the abnormal waveform in s).

3. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step three also includes: I. Divide the strata and determine the types of soil and rock layers. Through particle, mineral, and lithological analysis, determine the distribution, thickness, and burial depth of the strata, draw geological profiles, and evaluate physical and mechanical properties. II. Evaluate physical and mechanical properties, test density, moisture content, void ratio, compressive or shear strength, compressibility, etc., to determine the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation, and provide parameters for building site selection and foundation design; Third, identify unfavorable geological bodies and use detection equipment to identify potential hazards such as weak interlayers, silt, fractured zones, expansive soil, saline soil, and frozen soil, and assess the risks of landslides, collapses, and foundation settlement. IV. Groundwater sampling and analysis: analyze water quality, pH, and ion content; determine groundwater corrosivity; guide the design of building materials and pile foundation corrosion protection; identify aquifer distribution, water level, and flow direction; assess the risk of construction dewatering and foundation pit water inrush; detect pollutants; evaluate the site's water environment; and ensure compliance with environmental protection and engineering water requirements.

4. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection device includes a storage device, an input device, an output device, an image acquisition device, and a hazard identification device. The image acquisition device acquires and detects images of the inner wall of the borehole. As one end of the detection device goes deeper, it performs image recognition on the soil layer inside the borehole and the sensor identifies the gas. After recognition, the result data is output in real time. The output device transmits data to an external display device via wireless signal. The location and depth of the hazard are determined by the data characteristics. In addition, the internal gas is identified by sensors, and the type of hazard is determined by the gas identification.

5. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The detection device determines whether the hazard identification result triggers the alarm mechanism. If the alarm mechanism is not triggered, the detection head continues to perform in-depth detection and identification. If the alarm mechanism is triggered during detection, a hazard alarm state is established and a hazard alarm signal is issued. The hazard is detected again based on the alarm state, and the hazard level is classified after detection.

6. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step five also includes selecting core assessment indicators such as the depth and scale of the goaf, the lithology of the roof, the integrity of the surrounding rock, the state of filling and water accumulation, the surrounding buildings and structures, and personnel and traffic, and adopting professional evaluation methods such as the risk matrix method and the analytic hierarchy process.

7. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection device moves up and down inside the borehole to perform detection. The detection device itself carries a sampling structure, which is an tiltable conical cylinder. After the conical cylinder expands outward, it contacts the inner wall of the borehole. The sample is extracted by the rise of the detection device. After the sampling conical cylinder expands outward, it can limit and fix one end of the detection device. The detection head of the detection device is stationary and fixed in the detection area under the limit for stable detection.

8. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step six also includes the comprehensive integration of on-site detection data, various professional maps, hazard distribution results, risk rating reports, zoning treatment plans and emergency plans, systematically sorting out all process operation data, compiling a complete special report on geological hazard detection and risk assessment in the goaf area, and completing the project loop.

9. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the morphology of the goaf, the parameters of the collapse zone and the fracture zone are re-measured before and after the treatment construction. The deviation between the calculated values ​​and the measured values ​​is compared. For projects such as grouting backfilling and roof reinforcement, core drilling and sonic testing are used to verify the compaction. Settlement monitoring data is combined to determine the treatment compliance status. Long-term dynamic monitoring and operation are carried out. A normalized monitoring mechanism is established for medium and high risk areas. Settlement, displacement and seepage data are collected regularly. The risk value is continuously updated in combination with the risk formula, and the hidden danger repair site is monitored in real time.

10. The method for detecting and assessing geological hazards in goaf areas according to claim 9, characterized in that, Establish a "detection-assessment-treatment-review-monitoring" ledger, number and archive hazard points, assign responsibility for rectification and set rectification deadlines to achieve a closed loop of hazard elimination, establish a normalized emergency duty mechanism, retain special emergency plans for high-risk areas, and regularly conduct hazard inspections and emergency drills in response to triggers such as rainstorms and construction disturbances to prevent sudden collapses and water inrush accidents.

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