Agricultural measure gain quantification and irrigation benefit evaluation method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of smart agriculture and irrigation decision-making, and discloses a kind of agricultural measure gain quantification and irrigation benefit evaluation method and system, the method parameterizes the agricultural effect of soil water-retaining agent into two independent coefficients of irrigation efficiency gain coefficient and drought tolerance gain coefficient, the former acts on water supply end, for correcting comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient;The latter acts on the demand end, for correcting crop yield response coefficient;The two coefficients after correction are substituted into the water production function, the predicted yield under the condition of applying water-retaining agent is calculated and the difference between the benchmark yield is obtained to obtain the yield increment, and then the whole-link economic evaluation of income, cost, net profit, investment return rate and break-even yield threshold is completed.The present application realizes the transformation of the agricultural effect of water-retaining agent from qualitative description to quantitative calculation, supports the unified comparison of multi-irrigation mode and agricultural measure combination scheme, and provides directly usable input-output indicators for irrigation decision-making.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart agriculture and irrigation decision-making technology, and in particular to a method and system for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits. Background Technology

[0002] In terms of irrigation water demand forecasting, existing irrigation decision-making systems generally use the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO-56 to calculate reference evapotranspiration, combine it with crop coefficients to estimate crop water demand, and then determine irrigation water demand by the difference between crop water demand and effective precipitation. This type of method only outputs a single-dimensional result of irrigation volume, failing to further translate irrigation volume into expected yield changes and economic benefits, and thus making it difficult to directly support planting and management decisions.

[0003] In evaluating the agronomic effects of soil water-retaining agents, current methods mainly rely on field comparative experiments. This involves setting up control and water-retaining agent treatment areas, and after a complete growth period, performing variance analysis on measured indicators such as soil moisture content, plant height, leaf area index, and yield components to determine whether the water-retaining agent has a significant yield-increasing effect. Existing literature reports that water-retaining agents can increase soil water holding capacity by 8% to 18% and increase yield by 5% to 15%. However, this evaluation method has the following shortcomings: 1. The experimental cycle is long, requiring at least a full growing season to obtain conclusions, making it impossible to make pre-sowing predictions; 2. There is a lack of mathematical model support, as the effect of water-retaining agents is not parameterized into calculable coefficients, making it impossible to embed them into irrigation decision models; 3. Existing assessments generally attribute the yield increase effect to the increase in soil moisture content, failing to distinguish the two independent action pathways of water-retaining agents on the water supply side (improving irrigation water use efficiency and reducing deep seepage) and the demand side (alleviating crop water shortage and yield reduction sensitivity and reducing drought stress) from a physical mechanism perspective, resulting in the inability to make differentiated predictions of its beneficial effects under different irrigation conditions.

[0004] Furthermore, in existing technologies, the efficiency of irrigation methods and the beneficial effects of agronomic measures such as water-retaining agents are evaluated independently, lacking a unified coefficient system for orthogonal combination. This makes it impossible to answer the differences in benefits between various schemes such as drip irrigation combined with water-retaining agents, surface irrigation combined with water-retaining agents, and drip irrigation combined with mulch film. At the same time, existing research on yield-increasing effects of water-retaining agents stops at the percentage increase, failing to convert the yield increase into income increase and deduct costs such as materials, irrigation, and labor to obtain net profit and return on investment. Farmers find it difficult to determine whether investing in water-retaining agents is worthwhile. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a method and system for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits.

[0006] A method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits includes the following steps: S1, obtain the crop parameters, irrigation method, irrigation amount, soil type, and soil water retention agent application parameters of the target plot; S2, the agronomic effects of the soil water-retaining agent are parameterized into irrigation efficiency gain coefficient and drought resistance gain coefficient. The irrigation efficiency gain coefficient characterizes the ability of the soil water-retaining agent to reduce deep seepage and improve irrigation water use efficiency, and the drought resistance gain coefficient characterizes the ability of the soil water-retaining agent to alleviate crop water shortage and yield reduction sensitivity. S3, use the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient to correct the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient, and use the drought resistance gain coefficient to correct the crop yield response coefficient. S4. Substitute the corrected comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient and the corrected crop yield response coefficient into the water production function to obtain the predicted yield under the condition of applying soil water-retaining agent, and then subtract the baseline yield without applying soil water-retaining agent to obtain the yield increment. S5, Evaluate the irrigation benefits of applying soil water-retaining agents based on yield increments.

[0007] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, in S3, the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient is calculated according to the following formula:

[0008] In the formula, α is the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient, α base α is the basic irrigation efficiency coefficient corresponding to the irrigation method. offset β is the soil texture compensation offset corresponding to the soil type. SAP This is the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the basic irrigation efficiency coefficient is determined according to the irrigation method: 0.70 for surface flood irrigation, 0.82 for sprinkler irrigation, and 0.92 for drip irrigation; the soil texture compensation offset is determined according to the soil type: -0.12 for sandy soil, -0.06 for sandy loam, 0.00 for medium loam, +0.04 for clay loam, and +0.07 for clay.

[0010] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, in S4, the predicted yield under the condition of applying soil water-retaining agent is obtained through the following process: According to the formula Calculate the actual effective water content of the crop, where, ET α The total effective water actually available during the crop's growing season. P eff Effective precipitation during the reproductive period IW This represents the total amount of artificial irrigation. According to the formula Calculate the water stress coefficient, where WS is the average water stress coefficient during the growing season, and ET is the average water stress coefficient during the growing season. c This represents the crop's potential maximum evapotranspiration. According to the formula The crop yield response coefficient is corrected, where k y k is the corrected crop yield response coefficient. y,basek γ is the crop baseline yield response coefficient. SAP This is the drought resistance gain coefficient; According to formula Y SAP =Y max ×WS×k y Calculate the predicted yield under the condition of applying soil water-retaining agent, where Y SAP To predict the yield under conditions of soil water retention agent application, Y max This represents the region's maximum potential crop yield.

[0011] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, in S4, the baseline output is calculated according to the following formula:

[0012] The production increment is calculated according to the formula Calculate, where Y base The baseline yield is the yield of the control group without the application of soil water-retaining agents. The increase in yield per unit area due to soil water retention agents.

[0013] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, S5 includes: According to the formula Calculate the incremental total revenue, where Price is the market price of the crop and A is the planted area; According to the formula Calculate the material cost of soil water retention agent, where Dosage SAP Cost is the application rate of soil water retention agent per unit area. SAP This refers to the unit price of soil water-retaining agent; The total cost is calculated by summing the costs of soil moisture retention agents, irrigation, labor, seeds, fertilizers, land, and field management. Net profit is calculated using the formula Profit = Rev − Total Cost. Calculate the rate of return on investment using the formula. Calculate the break-even production increase threshold; when At that time, it was determined that the application of soil water-retaining agents was economically beneficial.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, it also includes localized calibration of the drought resistance gain coefficient: acquiring historical yield data and historical evapotranspiration data of the target area, fitting and comparing the historical yield data with the yield obtained by inversion according to the water production function, and correcting the value of the drought resistance gain coefficient accordingly.

[0015] Furthermore, to better realize the present invention, when the target plot is covered with mulch film, the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient is calculated according to the following formula: In the formula, β Mulch This represents the gain coefficient of the plastic film mulch.

[0016] A system for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits, including a user input module. The system comprises a water-retaining agent parameterization module, an irrigation efficiency and soil compensation module, a yield prediction engine, an economic benefit assessment module, and a decision output module. The user input module receives information such as crop variety, planting area, irrigation method, irrigation volume, type and dosage of soil water-retaining agent, soil type, planting area, mulch film covering method, and crop unit price. The water-retaining agent parameterization module retrieves the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient and drought resistance gain coefficient based on the soil water-retaining agent type. The irrigation efficiency and soil compensation module retrieves the basic irrigation efficiency coefficient based on the irrigation method, retrieves the soil texture compensation offset based on the soil type, and calculates the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient in conjunction with the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient. The yield prediction engine sequentially performs effective water calculation, water stress calculation, yield response coefficient correction, and yield prediction based on the water production function, and simultaneously calculates the baseline yield to obtain the yield increment. The economic benefit assessment module converts the yield increment into incremental revenue and outputs net profit, return on investment, and break-even yield increase threshold in conjunction with cost accounting. The decision output module displays and sorts the evaluation results of multiple technology combination schemes.

[0017] Furthermore, in order to better realize the present invention, the water-retaining agent parameterization module includes a parameter database, which stores soil water-retaining agent parameter records in the form of data tables. Each record includes soil water-retaining agent type identifier, irrigation efficiency gain coefficient value, drought resistance gain coefficient value, unit price, recommended dosage, and saving coefficient.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention uses a dual-coefficient parameterization model to decompose the effect of soil water-retaining agents on irrigation benefits into two independent paths: the irrigation efficiency gain on the water supply side and the drought resistance gain on the demand side. This transforms the effect of water-retaining agents from a qualitative description based on field trials into a quantitative calculation that can be transplanted across regions, crops, and irrigation methods, enabling pre-sowing prediction.

[0019] This invention establishes a three-level superposition model of basic irrigation efficiency coefficient, soil texture compensation offset, and agronomic measure gain coefficient. Any combination of irrigation methods and agronomic measures can be compared horizontally under a unified coefficient framework, supporting the benefit ranking and optimization selection of multi-dimensional technical solutions.

[0020] This invention introduces a soil texture compensation mechanism, which automatically corrects the irrigation efficiency coefficient according to the soil type, solving the problem of significant differences in the effect of the same water-retaining agent on sandy soil, loam, and clay, and achieving soil self-adaptation in the assessment.

[0021] This invention constructs a closed-loop economic evaluation process covering the entire chain, from water-retaining agent parameters to yield increase, income, cost breakdown, net profit, return on investment, and break-even yield increase threshold, directly transforming agronomic effects into input-output decision indicators that farmers can use. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-coefficient action mechanism model of the soil water-retaining agent in this invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of the system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention decomposes the agronomic effects of soil water-retaining agents into two independent parameters with clearly defined physical meanings. Irrigation efficiency gain coefficient β SAP Acting on the water supply side, this describes the ability of water-retaining agents to improve soil water-holding capacity, reduce deep seepage and ineffective losses, and increase the proportion of irrigation water effectively utilized by crops. Physically, this is equivalent to the water-retaining agent increasing the proportion of irrigation water effectively absorbed by crops by β per cubic meter. SAP This coefficient, which affects the irrigation efficiency chain, typically ranges from 0.08 to 0.18. Drought tolerance gain coefficient γ SAP On the demand side, this describes the ability of water-retaining agents to alleviate crop drought stress by increasing effective water content in the root zone and maintaining cell turgor pressure, which equivalently alters the crop yield response coefficient k. y Regarding the impact on yield, this coefficient acts on the yield response chain, typically ranging from 0.03 to 0.08. The two coefficients act on different stages of the model: in a scenario with sufficient irrigation water, β... SAP Plays a major role; in arid and water-scarce scenarios, γSAP The stress-relieving effect is more pronounced. This dual-coefficient decomposition allows the model to predict the differentiated performance of water-retaining agents under different climate and irrigation conditions.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the system of this invention includes a user input module, a water-retaining agent parameterization module, an irrigation efficiency and soil compensation module, a yield prediction engine, an economic benefit assessment module, and a decision output module. The user input module receives basic configurations such as crop variety and planting area, soil texture classification, and mulch film covering method; core variables such as irrigation method and quota, water-retaining agent type and application rate; and economic parameters such as planting area, grain purchase price, historical yield, and evapotranspiration sequence. SAP With γ SAP Furthermore, historical production and evapotranspiration data can be used to invert and analyze γ-rays. SAP Localized calibration is performed; water-retaining agent parameters are stored in a parameter database as a CSV data table, with each record containing a water-retaining agent type identifier, β... SAP numerical value, γ SAP Numerical values, unit price (yuan / kg), recommended dosage (kg / ha), and savings coefficients for seeds, base fertilizer, topdressing, and labor. The irrigation efficiency and soil compensation module retrieves the basic efficiency coefficient α based on the irrigation method. base Find the compensation offset α based on the soil type. offset The system calculates the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient. The yield prediction engine forecasts yield based on the water production function link. The economic benefit assessment module and decision output module calculate economic indicators and display multiple alternative rankings.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, the complete process of the method of the present invention is as follows: During the execution process corresponding to S1 to S5, the user first selects the crop and region, irrigation method and irrigation amount, water-retaining agent type and dosage, and soil type in sequence, and sets the planting area, mulch film coverage and grain price; then the system loads the database of crop parameters, irrigation parameters, water-retaining agent parameters and soil parameters, and looks up the β value in the table. SAP γ SAP α base With α offset .

[0029] The overall irrigation efficiency coefficient is calculated using a three-stage superposition model:

[0030] When covering with plastic film, the plastic film coverage gain coefficient is further added:

[0031] The values ​​of the basic irrigation efficiency coefficient and the soil texture compensation offset are shown in the table below:

[0032] The yield forecasting engine executes according to the following process. Actual available crop moisture is calculated using the following formula: ; The water stress coefficient is calculated using the following formula: ; The crop yield response coefficient is corrected by the following formula: ; The predicted yield under the condition of applying water-retaining agent is calculated using the following formula: ; Simultaneously calculate the baseline yield without applying water-retaining agents or covering with plastic film: ; The increase in production is: ; The economic benefit assessment module calculates the incremental total revenue sequentially. Water-retaining agent material cost Total cost Net Profit = Rev − Total Cost; Return on Investment and the break-even production increase threshold .when If the application of a water-retaining agent is deemed economically beneficial, the system will determine that it is; otherwise, the system will prompt adjustments to the type and dosage of the water-retaining agent or the irrigation plan. The decision output module outputs the predicted total yield, absolute yield increase, relative yield increase rate, water use efficiency, total revenue, net profit, return on investment, and cost recovery period via a web page or API interface. It also ranks the input-output ratios for multiple scenarios, identifies the break-even point, and assesses risks.

[0033] Example 1: Combination scheme of drip irrigation and standard water-retaining agent for winter wheat Input parameters: crop is wheat, region is northern; ET c =520mm, P eff =180mm, Y max =7500 kg / ha, k y,base =0.95; the irrigation method is drip irrigation, α base =0.92, irrigation amount IW=140mm; water-retaining agent is standard type, β SAP =0.12, γ SAP =0.05, dosage 30kg / ha, unit price 15 yuan / kg; soil type is medium loam, α offset =0.00; No mulch film; Planting area 10,000 hectares; Wheat price 2.8 yuan / kg.

[0034] The calculation process is as follows: Comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient: α = (0.92 + 0.00) × (1 + 0.12) = 1.0304; Actual effective moisture: ET a =180 + 140 × 1.0304 = 324.26 mm; Water stress coefficient: WS=min(324.26 / 520,1.0)=0.6236; Corrected production response coefficient: k y =0.95×(1+0.05)=0.9975; Forecasted output: Y SAP =7500×0.6236×0.9975=4665.08kg / ha; The baseline yield is 4231.16 kg / ha, and the yield increment ΔY SAP =433.92kg / ha.

[0035] Economic benefit calculation: Incremental income is 433.92 × 2.8 × 10000 = 12,149,760 yuan; water-retaining agent material cost is 30 × 15 × 10000 = 4,500,000 yuan; irrigation electricity cost is 140 × 15 × 10000 = 21,000,000 yuan; labor cost is 300 × 10000 = 3,000,000 yuan; total cost is 28,500,000 yuan; break-even yield increase threshold is 2850 / 2.8 = 1017.86 kg / ha. In this embodiment, the actual yield increase of 433.92 kg / ha is lower than the break-even threshold. Based on this, the system indicates that the scheme is not economically viable under the current grain price and cost structure, and guides the user to adjust the type and dosage of water-retaining agent or irrigation scheme and re-evaluate, demonstrating the ability of this invention to provide farmers with a basis for pre-input and output decision-making.

[0036] Example 2: The impact of soil type on assessment results With all other parameters unchanged in Example 1, only the soil type was changed. The system output results are shown in the table below. It can be seen that the soil texture compensation mechanism leads to different prediction results for the same water-retaining agent scheme on different soils:

[0037] Example 3: The impact of water-retaining agent type on evaluation results With all other parameters remaining unchanged in Example 1, only the type of water-retaining agent was changed. The system output results are shown in the table below, supporting users in ranking and optimizing the selection of various water-retaining agent solutions based on their effectiveness:

[0038] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions, modifications, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, obtain the crop parameters, irrigation method, irrigation amount, soil type, and soil water retention agent application parameters of the target plot; S2, the agronomic effects of the soil water-retaining agent are parameterized into irrigation efficiency gain coefficient and drought resistance gain coefficient. The irrigation efficiency gain coefficient characterizes the ability of the soil water-retaining agent to reduce deep seepage and improve irrigation water use efficiency, and the drought resistance gain coefficient characterizes the ability of the soil water-retaining agent to alleviate crop water shortage and yield reduction sensitivity. S3, use the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient to correct the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient, and use the drought resistance gain coefficient to correct the crop yield response coefficient. S4. Substitute the corrected comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient and the corrected crop yield response coefficient into the water production function to obtain the predicted yield under the condition of applying soil water-retaining agent, and then subtract the baseline yield without applying soil water-retaining agent to obtain the yield increment. S5, Evaluate the irrigation benefits of applying soil water-retaining agents based on yield increments.

2. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, α is the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient, α base α is the basic irrigation efficiency coefficient corresponding to the irrigation method. offset β is the soil texture compensation offset corresponding to the soil type. SAP This is the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient.

3. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 2, characterized in that, The basic irrigation efficiency coefficient is determined according to the irrigation method: 0.70 for flood irrigation, 0.82 for sprinkler irrigation, and 0.92 for drip irrigation; the soil texture compensation offset is determined according to the soil type: -0.12 for sandy soil, -0.06 for sandy loam, 0.00 for medium loam, +0.04 for clay loam, and +0.07 for clay.

4. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S4, the predicted yield under the condition of applying soil water-retaining agent is obtained through the following process: According to the formula Calculate the actual effective water content of the crop, where, ET α The total effective water actually available during the crop's growing season. P eff Effective precipitation during the reproductive period IW This represents the total amount of artificial irrigation. According to the formula Calculate the water stress coefficient, where WS is the average water stress coefficient during the growing season, and ET is the average water stress coefficient during the growing season. c This represents the crop's potential maximum evapotranspiration. According to the formula The crop yield response coefficient is corrected, where k y k is the corrected crop yield response coefficient. y,basek γ is the response coefficient of crop baseline yield. SAP This is the drought resistance gain coefficient; According to formula Y SAP =Y max ×WS×k y Calculate the predicted yield under the condition of applying soil water-retaining agent, where Y SAP To predict the yield under conditions of soil water retention agent application, Y max This represents the region's maximum potential crop yield.

5. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S4, the baseline output is calculated using the following formula: The production increment is calculated according to the formula, where Y base The baseline yield is the yield of the control group without the application of soil water-retaining agents. The increase in yield per unit area due to soil water retention agents.

6. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 includes: According to the formula Calculate the incremental total revenue, where Price is the market price of the crop and A is the planted area; According to the formula Calculate the material cost of soil water retention agent, where Dosage SAP Cost is the application rate of soil water retention agent per unit area. SAP This refers to the unit price of soil water-retaining agent; The total cost is calculated by summing the costs of soil moisture retention agents, irrigation, labor, seeds, fertilizers, land, and field management. Net profit is calculated using the formula Profit = Rev − Total Cost. Calculate the rate of return on investment using the formula. Calculate the break-even production increase threshold; when At that time, it was determined that the application of soil water-retaining agents was economically beneficial.

7. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes localized calibration of the drought resistance gain coefficient: acquiring historical yield data and historical evapotranspiration data of the target area, fitting and comparing the historical yield data with the yield obtained by inversion according to the water production function, and correcting the value of the drought resistance gain coefficient accordingly.

8. The method for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the target plot is covered with mulch, the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula, β Mulch This represents the gain coefficient of the plastic film mulch.

9. A system for quantifying the gains of agronomic measures and evaluating irrigation benefits, comprising a user input module, a water-retaining agent parameterization module, an irrigation efficiency and soil compensation module, a yield prediction engine, an economic benefit evaluation module, and a decision output module, characterized in that: The user input module is used to receive crop variety, planting area, irrigation method, irrigation amount, type and amount of soil water retention agent, soil type, planting area, mulch film covering method and crop unit price; The water-retaining agent parameterization module is used to retrieve the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient and drought resistance gain coefficient based on the type of soil water-retaining agent. The irrigation efficiency and soil compensation module is used to retrieve the basic irrigation efficiency coefficient based on the irrigation method, retrieve the soil texture compensation offset based on the soil type, and calculate the comprehensive irrigation efficiency coefficient in combination with the irrigation efficiency gain coefficient. The production prediction engine is used to sequentially perform effective water calculation, water stress calculation, production response coefficient correction and production prediction based on the water production function, and simultaneously calculate the baseline production to obtain the production increment. The economic benefit assessment module is used to convert the increase in output into incremental revenue, and outputs net profit, return on investment and break-even threshold for increased production in combination with cost accounting. The decision output module is used to display and rank the evaluation results of multiple technology combination schemes.

10. The agronomic measure gain quantification and irrigation benefit evaluation system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water-retaining agent parameterization module includes a parameter database, which stores soil water-retaining agent parameter records in the form of data tables. Each record includes soil water-retaining agent type identifier, irrigation efficiency gain coefficient value, drought resistance gain coefficient value, unit price, recommended dosage, and saving coefficient.

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