Display control circuit and display device

Abstract

The application discloses a display control circuit and a display device, and relates to the technical field of display control, wherein the display control circuit comprises: a signal fusion module connected with a plurality of interactive sensors configured by the display device, used for fusing each interactive voltage signal to obtain a target voltage signal; a voltage comparison module connected with the signal fusion module, used for obtaining a refresh strategy control signal corresponding to the target voltage signal; a signal conversion module connected with the signal fusion module, used for converting the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal; and a control module connected with the voltage comparison module and the signal conversion module respectively, used for controlling the display device to refresh according to the refresh strategy control signal and the pulse width modulation signal. The application enables the control module to flexibly configure the display device with multiple refresh strategies from local fine refresh to global high-speed refresh according to the actual intensity of user interaction, so that the balance between fine driving and low power consumption is considered at the hardware level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display control technology, and in particular to a display control circuit and display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of flexible displays and low-power electronic devices, electronic paper, due to its paper-like texture and bistable characteristics, is widely used in e-readers, smart tags, and wearable devices. To enhance user experience, modern electronic paper devices typically integrate multiple interactive sensors to achieve more intelligent interaction. Currently, electronic paper refresh control technology mainly adopts two methods: First, full-screen refresh or rectangular area refresh, which refreshes only a roughly rectangular area defined by software instructions, unable to implement fine-grained non-uniform driving based on the user's actual gaze point or finger operation point; Second, to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in fine-grained driving, a software algorithm-based difference detection method is proposed, which uses the main processor to run algorithms to compare the differences between consecutive frame image data or calculate sensor data weights to determine the refresh strategy.

[0003] However, when the aforementioned refresh control technology processes multi-source heterogeneous interactive signals, on the one hand, it continuously wakes up the main processor to perform sensor data fusion and judgment, resulting in high power consumption, which makes it difficult to meet the original design intention of low power consumption of electronic paper devices; on the other hand, in scenarios with only minor operations (such as slight eye movements), starting a high-power processor for computation results in a waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to propose a display control circuit and display device, which aims to solve the technical problem that current refresh control is difficult to balance fine-grained driving and low power consumption.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a display control circuit, which includes: A signal fusion module is connected to multiple interactive sensors configured in the display device. The module receives interactive voltage signals generated by each interactive sensor and fuses the interactive voltage signals through an operational amplifier to obtain a target voltage signal. A voltage comparison module, connected to the signal fusion module, is used to compare the target voltage signal with multiple reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​through a first voltage comparator to obtain a refresh strategy control signal corresponding to the target voltage signal. A signal conversion module, connected to the signal fusion module, is used to convert the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device; A control module, which is connected to the voltage comparison module and the signal conversion module respectively, is used to determine the target refresh strategy according to the refresh strategy control signal, and control the display device to refresh according to the target refresh strategy and the pulse width modulation signal.

[0006] In one embodiment, the signal fusion module includes: A signal weighting submodule is connected to each of the interactive sensors and is used to receive each of the interactive voltage signals and weight each of the interactive voltage signals to obtain weighted voltage signals. A signal conversion submodule, connected to the signal weighting submodule, is used to combine the weighted voltage signals from each channel into a fused voltage signal through the operational amplifier, and to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal.

[0007] In one embodiment, each of the interactive sensors includes a touch sensor and an eye-tracking sensor, each of the interactive voltage signals includes a touch voltage signal generated by the touch sensor and an eye-tracking voltage signal generated by the eye-tracking sensor, and each of the weighted voltage signals includes a weighted touch voltage signal and a weighted eye-tracking voltage signal; The signal weighting submodule includes: A first weighting unit, connected to the touch sensor, is used to receive the touch voltage signal and weight the touch voltage signal to obtain the weighted touch voltage signal; The second weighting unit, connected to the eye-tracking sensor, is used to receive the eye-tracking voltage signal and weight the eye-tracking voltage signal to obtain the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first weighting unit includes: A first resistor, the first end of which is connected to the touch sensor, is used to receive the touch voltage signal; The first analog switch chip has its common input / output pins connected to the second end of the first resistor. The second resistor has its first end connected to the first analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The third resistor has its first end connected to the second analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The fourth resistor has its first end connected to the third analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The fifth resistor has its first end connected to the fourth analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. A first voltage follower, wherein the first input terminal of the first voltage follower is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, the second input terminal of the first voltage follower is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage follower, and the output terminal of the first voltage follower is used to output the weighted touch voltage signal.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second weighting unit includes: The sixth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the eye-tracking sensor, is used to receive the eye-tracking voltage signal; The second analog switch chip has its common input / output pins connected to the second end of the sixth resistor; The seventh resistor has its first end connected to the first analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The eighth resistor has its first end connected to the second analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The ninth resistor has its first end connected to the third analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The tenth resistor has its first end connected to the fourth analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The second voltage follower has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the sixth resistor, and its second input terminal connected to its output terminal. The output terminal of the second voltage follower is used to output the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal.

[0010] In one embodiment, each of the weighted voltage signals includes a weighted touch voltage signal and a weighted eye-tracking voltage signal; The signal conversion submodule includes: A signal conversion unit, connected to the signal weighting submodule, is used to combine the weighted touch voltage signal and the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal into a fused voltage signal through the operational amplifier, and to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal; A signal reset unit is connected to both the control module and the signal conversion unit, and is used to control the signal conversion unit to release the charge accumulated in the time domain before each control cycle according to the reset signal transmitted by the control module.

[0011] In one embodiment, the signal conversion unit includes: The eleventh resistor, the first end of which is connected to the signal weighting submodule, is used to receive the weighted touch voltage signal; The twelfth resistor has its first end connected to the signal weighting submodule for receiving the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal, and its second end connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor. The thirteenth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor; The operational amplifier has a first input terminal grounded, a second input terminal connected to the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor, and an output terminal for outputting the target voltage signal. A first capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the thirteenth resistor, and the second end of which is connected to the second end of the operational amplifier.

[0012] In one embodiment, the signal reset unit includes: A switching transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the control module for receiving the reset signal, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and the output terminal of which is connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier.

[0013] In one embodiment, the voltage comparison module includes: The first voltage comparator has its first input terminal connected to the signal fusion module for receiving the target voltage signal, and its output terminal for outputting the refresh strategy control signal. A multiplexer, wherein multiple normally open pins of the multiplexer are used to receive each of the reference voltage signals, and the common pin of the multiplexer is connected to the second input of the first voltage comparator.

[0014] In one embodiment, the signal conversion module includes: A timer for generating a reference period signal, wherein the frequency and amplitude of the reference period signal are both fixed; A second voltage comparator is connected to the signal fusion module at its first input and to the timer at its second input. The output of the voltage comparator is connected to the control module. The comparator is used to receive the target voltage signal and the reference period signal, and to output the pulse width modulation signal based on the comparison result between the target voltage signal and the reference period signal.

[0015] This application also proposes a display device, which includes a display panel, a plurality of interactive sensors and a display control circuit as described above, wherein each of the interactive sensors, the display control circuit and the display panel are connected in sequence.

[0016] The technical solution of this application constructs a fully hardware-based analog signal processing path. First, a signal fusion module directly connected to multiple interactive sensors receives the raw interactive voltage signals generated by each sensor. Then, an operational amplifier directly fuses these signals in the analog domain to obtain the target voltage signal. This hardware-level fusion mechanism avoids the high power consumption overhead of uploading multiple raw sensor data streams to the main processor for software computation and fusion. This allows the system to extract and represent features of complex interactive intentions purely in hardware without waking up the main processor. Based on this, a voltage comparison module compares the target voltage signal representing the intensity of the interactive intention with multiple preset reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​in parallel using a voltage comparator. It directly outputs a refresh strategy control signal reflecting the interaction intensity level. This control signal allows the control module to quickly determine the matching target refresh strategy based on the interaction intensity without running complex intention recognition algorithms. This achieves rapid conversion from analog signal input to digital strategy output at the hardware level, ensuring low-power operation while providing a decision-making basis for refined driving. Meanwhile, the signal conversion module converts the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal whose duty cycle is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device. This conversion process is also a pure hardware-level analog-to-digital conversion, which can linearly map continuous analog voltage amplitude information into digital pulse signals with different duty cycles without the intervention of the processor. This allows the control module to perform continuous and precise analog control of the refresh intensity of the display device based on the pulse width modulation signal.

[0017] In summary, this application achieves low-power operation of the electronic paper device through hardware-level collaboration among the signal fusion module, voltage comparison module, and signal conversion module. On the one hand, it utilizes analog domain signal fusion and comparison to replace software algorithm calculations, effectively reducing the wake-up frequency and computational load of the main processor, thereby solving the problem of resource waste in micro-operation scenarios. On the other hand, it achieves coarse-grained hierarchical decision-making for refresh modes through refresh strategy control signals and fine-grained continuous adjustment of refresh intensity through pulse width modulation signals. The combination of these two approaches enables the control module to flexibly configure various refresh strategies for the display device, ranging from local fine refresh to global high-speed refresh, based on the actual intensity of user interaction, thus achieving a balance between fine-grained driving and low power consumption at the hardware level. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal fusion module in a display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the interactive sensor and signal weighting submodule in the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first weighting unit in the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second weighting unit in the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a signal conversion submodule in a display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the signal conversion unit in the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the signal conversion unit and the signal reset unit in the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the voltage comparison module in the display control circuit provided in this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the signal conversion module in the display control circuit provided in this application.

[0020] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0021] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0024] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0025] To enhance user experience, modern e-paper devices typically integrate multiple interactive sensors for more intelligent interaction. Currently, e-paper refresh control technology mainly employs two methods: First, full-screen refresh or rectangular area refresh, which refreshes only a roughly rectangular area defined by software instructions, failing to implement fine-grained non-uniform driving based on the user's actual gaze point or finger operation point; Second, to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies in fine-grained driving, software algorithm-based difference detection is proposed, which uses the main processor to run algorithms, compare differences between consecutive frame image data, or calculate sensor data weights to determine the refresh strategy. However, when processing multi-source heterogeneous interactive signals, these refresh control technologies continuously wake up the main processor for sensor data fusion and judgment, resulting in high power consumption and failing to meet the low-power design goals of e-paper devices. Furthermore, in scenarios with only minor operations (such as slight eye movements), activating high-power processors for computation leads to resource waste.

[0026] Based on this, this application proposes a display control circuit, which includes: a signal fusion module connected to multiple interactive sensors configured in the display device, for receiving interactive voltage signals generated by each interactive sensor and fusing the interactive voltage signals to obtain a target voltage signal; a voltage comparison module connected to the signal fusion module, for comparing the target voltage signal with multiple reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​to obtain a refresh strategy control signal corresponding to the target voltage signal; a signal conversion module connected to the signal fusion module, for converting the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device; and a control module connected to both the voltage comparison module and the signal conversion module, for determining the target refresh strategy according to the refresh strategy control signal and controlling the display device to refresh according to the target refresh strategy and the pulse width modulation signal.

[0027] Through hardware-level collaboration among the signal fusion module, voltage comparison module, and signal conversion module, on the one hand, analog domain signal fusion and comparison replace software algorithm calculations, effectively reducing the main processor's wake-up frequency and computational load, thereby achieving low-power operation of the electronic paper device and solving the problem of resource waste in micro-operation scenarios; on the other hand, coarse-grained hierarchical decision-making for refresh modes is achieved through refresh strategy control signals, and fine-grained continuous adjustment of refresh intensity is achieved through pulse width modulation signals. The combination of these two approaches enables the control module to flexibly configure various refresh strategies for the display device, from local fine refresh to global high-speed refresh, based on the actual intensity of user interaction, thus achieving a balance between fine-grained driving and low power consumption at the hardware level.

[0028] This application proposes a display control circuit.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of this application, the display control circuit includes: The signal fusion module 10 is connected to multiple interactive sensors 40 configured in the display device. It is used to receive the interactive voltage signals generated by each interactive sensor 40 and fuse the interactive voltage signals through an operational amplifier to obtain the target voltage signal. Voltage comparison module 20 is connected to signal fusion module 10 and is used to compare the target voltage signal with multiple reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​through the first voltage comparator to obtain the refresh strategy control signal corresponding to the target voltage signal. The signal conversion module 30 is connected to the signal fusion module 10 and is used to convert the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device. The control module 50 is connected to the voltage comparison module 20 and the signal conversion module 30 respectively. It is used to determine the target refresh strategy according to the refresh strategy control signal, and control the display device to refresh according to the target refresh strategy and the pulse width modulation signal.

[0030] It should be noted that the signal fusion module 10 refers to the front-end functional component in the display control circuit responsible for hardware-level integrated processing of multiple input signals. It is electrically connected to multiple interactive sensors 40 configured in the display device, directly receiving the raw interactive voltage signals output by each sensor 40. This module merges, superimposes, or integrates these voltage signals from different sensing channels at the analog domain or hardware logic level, consolidating the multi-channel voltage information representing different dimensions of interactive actions into a unified analog voltage output, i.e., the target voltage signal. The core function of this module is to achieve the convergence and representation of multi-source signals through pure hardware circuitry without requiring the main processor to participate in the calculation, providing a unified signal processing object for subsequent signal processing stages.

[0031] The display device can be a terminal device equipped with an electronic paper display module and integrating multiple interactive sensors 40. This type of device utilizes the bistable characteristics and paper-like display effect of electronic paper to achieve image presentation, and requires a dedicated display control circuit to drive and manage its display refresh behavior. In this embodiment, the display device, as the controlled object of the display control circuit, needs its display panel to execute corresponding refresh actions according to the drive instructions generated by the control module 50 to adapt to different user interactive operations.

[0032] Interactive sensors 40 are hardware sensing elements integrated into the display device, used to sense the interactive actions between the user and the device and convert them into electrical signals. These sensors can capture physical operations or physiological changes applied by the user to the device, such as finger touch actions, pressing actions, or eye movements, and convert the intensity, speed, or position information of these actions into electrical signals characterized by voltage amplitude. Multiple interactive sensors 40 independently generate raw signals reflecting the state of their respective interactive channels, providing multi-source input to the signal fusion module 10 in this embodiment.

[0033] The interactive voltage signal refers to the electrical signal directly generated and output by each interactive sensor 40, which characterizes the user's interactive action in the form of voltage amplitude. This signal belongs to the analog voltage form, and its voltage level, rate of change, or amplitude directly corresponds to the physical parameters of the user's interactive action, such as the magnitude of touch force or the speed of eye movement. As the input source of the signal fusion module 10, this signal carries the intensity information of the user's interactive intent, and due to its analog signal properties, it can be directly processed by subsequent analog circuits without analog-to-digital conversion, thereby avoiding the delay and power consumption of digital sampling.

[0034] The target voltage signal refers to the single analog voltage signal output by the signal fusion module 10 after hardware fusion processing of the various interactive voltage signals. This signal comprehensively reflects the overall intensity or overall situation of user interactions from multiple interactive channels at the current moment, and its amplitude is related to the overall activity level of user interaction actions. This target voltage signal is a key intermediate quantity in the circuit. On the one hand, it is sent to the voltage comparison module 20 to generate a refresh strategy control signal, and on the other hand, it is sent to the signal conversion module 30 to generate a pulse width modulation signal, realizing a circuit architecture in which a single signal drives two parallel processing paths.

[0035] The voltage comparison module 20 is a hardware comparison component in the display control circuit responsible for performing amplitude determination. It is connected to the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal and compare its amplitude with multiple preset reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​one by one. This module uses a hardware comparator to complete multiple parallel or time-division amplitude comparison operations in a very short time, and outputs the corresponding encoded signal or logic level signal based on which voltage range the target voltage signal Vout falls into. This module can map continuously changing analog voltage amplitudes into discrete intensity level information without running software algorithms, realizing rapid hardware conversion from analog signals to digital policy indications.

[0036] The reference voltage signal refers to multiple reference electrical signals with specific and distinct fixed voltage values ​​provided by an internal or external reference voltage source of the voltage comparison module 20. These voltage values ​​serve as threshold boundaries for classifying interaction intensity levels, dividing the continuous voltage range of the target voltage signal into multiple discrete intervals. By setting multiple reference voltage signals with different voltage values, the voltage comparison module 20 can convert the continuous amplitude changes of the target voltage signal into discrete level judgments, enabling interaction actions of different intensities to trigger different decision results, thereby providing a hardware-level quantization benchmark for the hierarchical control of the refresh strategy.

[0037] The refresh strategy control signal is a digital control signal output by the voltage comparison module 20 based on the comparison results between the target voltage signal and multiple reference voltage signals with different voltage values. This signal carries interaction strength level information determined by hardware decision and is used to indicate the strength category of the current interaction action to the control module 50. This signal does not contain a continuous adjustment amount but serves as a discrete instruction characterizing the refresh mode type, enabling the control module 50 to quickly determine which coarse-grained refresh strategy to adopt, thus completing the refresh mode selection decision without complex calculations.

[0038] The signal conversion module 30 is a signal conditioning component in the display control circuit responsible for converting analog voltage amplitude information into time width information. It is connected to the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal. This module uses a hardware comparison mechanism to linearly map the amplitude of continuous analog voltage to the high-level duration of a digital pulse signal, thereby outputting a pulse width modulation signal. This module works in parallel with the voltage comparison module 20. Its core task is to preserve the continuity and precision of the target voltage signal amplitude change, rather than discretizing it into a finite number of levels, thus providing a signal basis for continuous adjustment of the refresh intensity.

[0039] The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is a periodic digital pulse signal output by the signal conversion module 30, in which the proportion of its high-level duration to the entire signal cycle changes positively correlated with the amplitude of the target voltage signal. This signal characterizes the amplitude information of the analog voltage through changes in pulse width, possessing the advantages of strong anti-interference capability and ease of driving subsequent circuits. In this embodiment, the duty cycle of this signal is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device; that is, the larger the duty cycle, the greater the refresh drive intensity applied by the control module 50, and vice versa. This allows the refresh intensity to be continuously and precisely linearly adjusted according to the intensity of user interaction.

[0040] The control module 50 is the core control component in the display control circuit responsible for final decision-making and drive command generation. It is connected to the voltage comparison module 20 and the signal conversion module 30, respectively, and is used to receive refresh strategy control signals and pulse width modulation signals. Under the control of hardware logic or microcontroller firmware, this module first determines the target refresh strategy to be executed based on the intensity level information carried by the refresh strategy control signal. Then, during the execution of the refresh strategy, it adjusts the refresh drive intensity applied to the display device according to the real-time duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal. This module integrates coarse-grained mode selection and fine-grained intensity adjustment information to ultimately generate complete drive commands to control the display device to perform screen refresh.

[0041] The target refresh strategy refers to the coarse-grained operational scheme for defining the refresh behavior of the display device, determined by the control module 50 based on the refresh strategy control signal. This strategy at least covers parameters such as the selection of the refresh range (e.g., selecting partial area refresh or full-screen refresh) and the selection of the refresh timing mode; essentially, it divides the refresh behavior of the display device at the mode level. After determining the target refresh strategy, the control module 50 does not directly use it as the sole driving basis, but combines it with the refined intensity information carried by the pulse width modulation signal (PWM) to jointly constitute a complete refresh control command. This ensures that the final refresh action conforms to the level division of interaction intensity and possesses the driving characteristic of continuously changing with the interaction intensity.

[0042] Understandably, existing e-paper refresh control technology requires the main processor to be continuously woken up to perform sensor data fusion and judgment when processing multi-source interactive signals. This not only results in high power consumption, making it difficult to meet the original design intention of low power consumption for e-paper devices, but also causes serious waste of high-power processor computing resources in micro-operation scenarios, making it difficult to balance fine-grained driving and low power consumption.

[0043] Therefore, the display control circuit proposed in this embodiment constructs a fully hardware-linked analog signal processing path. First, the signal fusion module 10 receives the interactive voltage signals generated by each interactive sensor 40 and fuses these signals to obtain a target voltage signal. Then, the voltage comparison module 20 compares the target voltage signal with multiple reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​to output a refresh strategy control signal reflecting the interaction intensity level. At the same time, the signal conversion module 30 converts the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal whose duty cycle is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device. Finally, the control module 50 determines the target refresh strategy according to the refresh strategy control signal and controls the display device to refresh according to the target refresh strategy and the pulse width modulation signal.

[0044] Based on the above technical solution, the display control circuit does not need to wake up the main processor to execute software algorithms in the processing stages of the signal fusion module 10, voltage comparison module 20 and signal conversion module 30. It completes the fusion of multi-source signals, the classification of interaction intensity levels and the continuous quantization of refresh intensity at the hardware level. This effectively avoids the high power consumption problem caused by continuously waking up the main processor for data fusion and judgment, and also avoids the waste of computing resources caused by starting a high-power processor in a micro-operation scenario.

[0045] Meanwhile, the display control circuit realizes coarse-grained hierarchical decision-making on refresh mode through the refresh strategy control signal output by the voltage comparison module 20, and realizes fine-grained continuous adjustment of refresh intensity through the pulse width modulation signal output by the signal conversion module 30. After combining the two, the control module 50 can flexibly configure a variety of refresh strategies for the display device from local fine refresh to global high-speed refresh according to the actual intensity of user interaction, thus balancing fine driving and low power consumption at the hardware level.

[0046] For example, a fully analog signal processing link is constructed, wherein the signal fusion module 10 adopts an inverting adder circuit composed of an operational amplifier and multiple input resistors. One end of each input resistor receives the interactive voltage signal generated by the interactive sensors 40, such as the touch sensor and eye-tracking sensor, and the other end is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier U5 weights and sums the interactive voltage signals according to the ratio of their respective input resistors to feedback resistors and outputs the sum inverted phase, thereby obtaining a target voltage signal reflecting the overall interactive strength. This target voltage signal is simultaneously transmitted to the voltage comparison module 20 and the signal conversion module 30. Internally, module 20 incorporates multiple independent voltage comparators. The non-inverting input of each comparator is connected to the target voltage signal, while the inverting inputs are connected to reference voltage signals with different fixed values ​​(e.g., 0.5V, 1.0V, and 1.5V) generated by a precision resistor divider network. Each comparator simultaneously performs amplitude comparisons. Based on the voltage range the target voltage signal falls into, the output logic levels of the multiple comparators combine to form a set of encoded signals. This encoded signal serves as the refresh strategy control signal, indicating whether the current interaction intensity is light, medium, or strong. Simultaneously, the signal conversion module 30 employs a sawtooth wave generator based on a 555 timer. The system includes a sawtooth wave generator and another high-speed comparator. The sawtooth wave generator outputs a periodic sawtooth wave with a fixed frequency and amplitude as a carrier wave. The high-speed comparator compares the target voltage signal with this sawtooth wave. When the target voltage amplitude is higher than the instantaneous value of the sawtooth wave, it outputs a high level; otherwise, it outputs a low level. This generates a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal whose duty cycle changes linearly with the target voltage amplitude. The larger the duty cycle of this signal, the higher the refresh intensity required. The control module 50 uses a low-power microcontroller, which receives the coded refresh strategy control signal output by the voltage comparison module 20 and the PWM signal output by the signal conversion module 30. The microcontroller has pre-stored different codes corresponding to refresh strategies. A refresh strategy parameter table is used, for example, code 00 corresponds to a local fine refresh strategy, code 01 corresponds to a regular area refresh strategy, and code 10 corresponds to a global high-speed refresh strategy. The microcontroller determines the target refresh strategy based on the received code, and simultaneously adjusts the driving voltage amplitude or refresh rate applied to the electronic paper display panel in real time using the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal. Specifically, a higher duty cycle results in a higher driving voltage and a faster refresh rate, while a lower duty cycle results in a lower driving voltage and a finer refresh. Finally, the microcontroller integrates the target refresh strategy and the pulse width modulation duty cycle information into a complete driving instruction, which is output to the timing controller of the electronic paper to execute the corresponding screen refresh action. This implementation relies entirely on hardware analog circuits to complete signal fusion, intensity grading, and continuous quantization, without the need for main processor intervention. It achieves multi-level refresh strategy switching while ensuring continuous adjustability of refresh intensity, thus balancing low power consumption and fine-grained driving.

[0047] The technical solution of this application achieves low-power operation of the electronic paper device through hardware-level collaboration among the signal fusion module 10, voltage comparison module 20, and signal conversion module 30. On the one hand, it uses analog domain signal fusion and comparison to replace software algorithm calculation, effectively reducing the wake-up frequency and computational load of the main processor, thereby solving the problem of resource waste in micro-operation scenarios. On the other hand, it achieves coarse-grained hierarchical decision-making of refresh mode through refresh strategy control signal and fine-grained continuous adjustment of refresh intensity through pulse width modulation signal. The combination of these two aspects enables the control module 50 to flexibly configure various refresh strategies for the display device, from local fine refresh to global high-speed refresh, according to the actual intensity of user interaction, thus achieving a balance between fine driving and low power consumption at the hardware level.

[0048] In one feasible implementation, please refer to Figure 2 The signal fusion module 10 includes: The signal weighting submodule 11 is connected to each interactive sensor 40 and is used to receive each interactive voltage signal and weight each interactive voltage signal to obtain each weighted voltage signal. Signal conversion submodule 12 is connected to signal weighting submodule 11. It is used to combine the weighted voltage signals of each channel into a fused voltage signal through an operational amplifier, and to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal.

[0049] It should be noted that the signal weighting submodule 11 refers to the front-end circuit component within the signal fusion module 10 responsible for amplitude adjustment of each interactive voltage signal. This submodule is electrically connected to multiple interactive sensors 40 configured in the display device, and is used to receive each interactive voltage signal separately and perform weighting processing independently on each signal. This weighting processing assigns different amplitude scaling coefficients to the signals of different sensor channels according to the mode command sent by the control module 50, i.e., the current application scenario or user interaction mode. The amplitude of the original interactive voltage signal is scaled proportionally through hardware circuits (such as an adjustable resistor voltage divider network or a programmable gain amplifier), thereby achieving differentiated adjustment of the contribution of signals from different interactive channels. For example, in a reading scenario, the weight of eye-tracking signals can be increased and the weight of touch signals can be decreased, while in a gaming scenario, the weight of touch signals can be increased. The output of this submodule is multiple weighted voltage signals after amplitude scaling. Each signal still maintains an analog voltage form and is independent of each other, providing an input source with differentiated weights for subsequent merging and accumulation.

[0050] The weighted voltage signal refers to each of the multiple analog voltage signals output by the signal weighting submodule 11 after applying corresponding weighting coefficients to each interactive voltage signal and scaling its amplitude. This signal maintains the same waveform as the original interactive voltage signal, but its amplitude has been amplified or attenuated according to a preset weighting ratio. The voltage value directly reflects the relative importance of the corresponding interactive channel in the current scenario. The weighted voltage signal differs from the original interactive voltage signal in that it carries scenario-specific priority information. A larger amplitude weighted voltage signal indicates that the interaction action of that channel is determined by the system to be more dominant or worthy of attention, while a smaller amplitude weighted voltage signal indicates that the interaction action of that channel is relatively suppressed. This signal serves as an intermediate quantity connecting the signal weighting submodule 11 and the signal conversion submodule 12, transmitting the weighted amplitude information to the subsequent merging stage.

[0051] The signal conversion submodule 12 refers to the downstream circuit component within the signal fusion module 10 responsible for integrating multiple weighted voltage signals into a single target voltage signal. This submodule is connected to the signal weighting submodule 11 to receive the various weighted voltage signals. The primary function of this submodule is to merge multiple weighted voltage signals from different interaction channels into a single fused voltage signal. This merging is typically achieved by algebraically superimposing the voltage signals in the analog domain using a passive summing network or operational amplifier summing circuit, thereby summarizing the interaction strength information of multiple channels into a single comprehensive representation. The second key function of this submodule is to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal. This involves using an integrator circuit (such as an operational amplifier U5 containing a feedback capacitor) to integrate and accumulate the amplitude of the fused voltage signal over time. This ensures that the instantaneous value of the output target voltage signal depends not only on the current amplitude of the fused voltage signal but also on the total amount of continuous action of the fused voltage signal over a past period, thus representing the accumulated energy or intensity of the user's interaction over time. Through the dual processing of merging and time-domain accumulation, this submodule ultimately outputs a target voltage signal that reflects the combined strength of multi-source interactions and their continuous effects, providing a comprehensive interactive characteristic representation for subsequent voltage comparison and signal conversion.

[0052] Understandably, since the signal fusion module 10 fuses the various interactive voltage signals to obtain the target voltage signal, if the fusion process only uses simple algebraic superposition or averaging, it cannot distinguish the relative importance of different interactive sensors 40 in the current application scenario. For example, eye-tracking signals should dominate in reading scenarios while touch signals should dominate in gaming scenarios. On the other hand, it cannot reflect the continuous cumulative effect of user interaction actions in the time dimension. For example, a momentary light touch and a continuous press may produce the same instantaneous voltage amplitude, but the actual interaction intent is significantly different. This means that the refresh strategy control signal and pulse width modulation signal generated based on a single instantaneous voltage value may not be able to truly reflect the user's comprehensive interaction intent, thereby affecting the accuracy of refresh strategy selection and the rationality of refresh intensity adjustment.

[0053] To this end, this embodiment further proposes that the signal fusion module 10 may specifically include a signal weighting submodule 11 and a signal conversion submodule 12. The signal weighting submodule 11 applies different weighting coefficients to each interactive voltage signal to output each weighted voltage signal, thereby dynamically adjusting the contribution ratio of each sensing channel according to the application scenario. Then, the signal conversion submodule 12 merges the weighted voltage signals into a fused voltage signal and performs time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to output the target voltage signal. This makes the amplitude of the target voltage signal not only integrate the weighted information of multiple channels, but also accumulate the interactive energy within a certain time window.

[0054] Based on the technical solution of this embodiment, the display control circuit avoids the problem of misjudging interaction intent caused by ignoring the differences in importance of different channels and ignoring the cumulative effect of interaction action time. It also avoids the problem of frequent false switching of refresh strategy caused by instantaneous signal fluctuations. Thus, on the basis of achieving low-power hardware driving, it further improves the accuracy and robustness of interaction intent representation, making the final determined refresh strategy and refresh intensity more in line with the user's actual interaction behavior, and achieving a more accurate and smoother display refresh control effect.

[0055] In the specific implementation process, please refer to Figure 3 Each interactive sensor 40 includes a touch sensor 41 and an eye-tracking sensor 42. Each interactive voltage signal includes a touch voltage signal generated by the touch sensor 41 and an eye-tracking voltage signal generated by the eye-tracking sensor 42. Each weighted voltage signal includes a weighted touch voltage signal and a weighted eye-tracking voltage signal. Signal weighting submodule 11 includes: The first weighting unit 111 is connected to the touch sensor 41 and is used to receive the touch voltage signal and weight the touch voltage signal to obtain a weighted touch voltage signal. The second weighting unit 112 is connected to the eye movement sensor 42 and is used to receive the eye movement voltage signal and weight the eye movement voltage signal to obtain a weighted eye movement voltage signal.

[0056] It should be noted that the first weighting unit 111 refers to a circuit branch component in the signal weighting submodule 11 specifically used for independently weighting the touch voltage signal from the touch sensor 41. This unit is electrically connected to the touch sensor 41 to receive the touch voltage signal, and through internal hardware circuits such as a resistor divider network, a programmable gain amplifier, or an analog switch gating resistor array, it scales the amplitude of the touch voltage signal proportionally according to a preset touch channel weighting coefficient. This unit and the second weighting unit 112 are independent of each other in circuit structure and work in parallel. The weighted touch voltage signal output by this unit carries the touch interaction intensity information after scene-based weight adjustment, providing the amplitude-adjusted touch channel input for the subsequent merging and accumulation by the signal conversion submodule 12.

[0057] Touch sensor 41 is an interactive sensor 40 integrated into the display device, used to sense the user's finger or stylus touching, pressing, or sliding operations on the display panel surface. It is one specific implementation of multiple interactive sensors 40. This sensor can convert the mechanical operations applied by the user to the screen surface (such as changes in touch position, pressure intensity, or sliding speed) into electrical signals characterized by voltage amplitude and its rate of change, i.e., touch voltage signals. The touch sensor 41 senses the user's active operation behavior, and the signal amplitude it generates is usually positively correlated with the touch force, contact area, or sliding speed.

[0058] The touch voltage signal refers to the analog electrical signal generated directly by the touch sensor 41 and output to the first weighting unit 111, which represents the intensity of the user's touch interaction in the form of voltage amplitude. The voltage value of this signal and its rate of change over time directly correspond to the physical parameters of the touch action applied by the user to the display panel with their finger or stylus. For example, the greater the touch force or the faster the swipe speed, the higher the amplitude of the signal. This signal is the original, unweighted interaction voltage signal. As the input source of the first weighting unit 111, it carries the original interaction intensity information of the touch channel. Its subsequent amplitude will be scaled proportionally by the first weighting unit 111 according to the application scenario requirements.

[0059] The weighted touch voltage signal refers to the analog voltage signal output by the first weighting unit 111 after applying a preset touch channel weighting coefficient to the touch voltage signal and scaling its amplitude. This signal maintains the same waveform as the original touch voltage signal, but its amplitude has been amplified or attenuated according to the relative importance of the touch channels in the current application scenario. For example, in a gaming scenario, the weighting coefficient can be set to a higher value so that the amplitude of the weighted touch voltage signal approaches or even exceeds the original signal amplitude, while in a reading scenario, the weighting coefficient can be set to a lower value so that the signal amplitude is significantly attenuated. This weighted touch voltage signal, as one of the two inputs of the signal conversion submodule 12, participates in the subsequent merging and accumulation processing together with the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal. Its amplitude directly determines the contribution ratio of touch interaction to the final target voltage signal.

[0060] The second weighting unit 112 refers to another circuit branch component in the signal weighting submodule 11 specifically used for independently weighting the eye movement voltage signal from the eye movement sensor 42. This unit is electrically connected to the eye movement sensor 42 to receive the eye movement voltage signal, and through a hardware circuit (such as a resistor voltage divider network or an analog switch gating resistor array with the same topology) symmetrical to the first weighting unit 111, it scales the amplitude of the eye movement voltage signal proportionally according to a preset eye movement channel weighting coefficient. This unit and the first weighting unit 111 are independent of each other in circuit structure and work in parallel. The weighted eye movement voltage signal output by this unit carries the eye movement interaction intensity information after scene-based weight adjustment, providing the amplitude-adjusted eye movement channel input for the subsequent merging and accumulation by the signal conversion submodule 12.

[0061] An eye-tracking sensor 42 refers to an interactive sensor 40 integrated into a display device, used to sense the user's eye movement trajectory or gaze position. It is another specific implementation of multiple interactive sensors 40. This sensor typically illuminates the eyeball with an infrared light source and uses an image sensor to capture corneal reflection or pupil center position, converting the user's gaze direction, gaze point coordinates, or eye movement speed into an electrical signal characterized by voltage amplitude and its rate of change—that is, an eye-tracking voltage signal. The eye-tracking sensor 42 senses the user's passive physiological response behavior, and the amplitude of the signal it generates is usually positively correlated with the angular velocity of eye movement, gaze deviation, or gaze duration.

[0062] The eye-tracking voltage signal refers to the analog electrical signal generated directly by the eye-tracking sensor 42 and output to the second weighting unit 112, which represents the intensity of the user's eye-tracking interaction in the form of voltage amplitude. The voltage value of this signal and its rate of change over time directly correspond to the physical parameters of the user's eye movements. For example, the faster the eye rotation speed or the greater the distance of the gaze point offset, the higher the amplitude of the signal. This signal is the original, unweighted interaction voltage signal, which serves as the input source for the second weighting unit 112, carrying the original interaction intensity information of the eye-tracking channel. Its subsequent amplitude will be scaled proportionally by the second weighting unit 112 according to the application scenario requirements.

[0063] The eye-tracking voltage signal refers to the analog voltage signal output by the second weighting unit 112 after applying a preset eye-tracking channel weighting coefficient to the eye-tracking voltage signal and performing amplitude scaling. This signal maintains the same waveform as the original eye-tracking voltage signal, but its amplitude has been amplified or attenuated according to the relative importance of the eye-tracking channels in the current application scenario. For example, in a reading scenario, the weighting coefficient can be set to a higher value so that the amplitude of the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal approaches or even exceeds the original signal amplitude, while in a gaming scenario, the weighting coefficient can be set to a lower value so that the signal amplitude is significantly attenuated. This weighted eye-tracking voltage signal, as one of the two inputs of the signal conversion submodule 12, participates in the subsequent merging and accumulation processing together with the weighted touch voltage signal. Its amplitude directly determines the contribution ratio of eye-tracking interaction to the final target voltage signal.

[0064] For example, please refer to Figure 4 The first weighting unit 111 includes: The first resistor R1 has its first end connected to the touch sensor 41 to receive the touch voltage signal V_touch. The first analog switch chip U1 has its common input / output pin COMOUT / IN connected to the second end of the first resistor R1. The second resistor R2 has its first end connected to the first analog input / output pin 0 of the first analog switch chip U1, and its second end grounded to GND. The third resistor R3 has its first end connected to the second analog input / output pin 1 of the first analog switch chip U1, and its second end grounded to GND. The fourth resistor R4 has its first end connected to the third analog input / output pin 2 of the first analog switch chip U1, and its second end grounded to GND. The fifth resistor R5 has its first end connected to the fourth analog input / output pin 3 of the first analog switch chip U1, and its second end grounded to GND. The first voltage follower U2 has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the first resistor R1, and its second input terminal connected to its output terminal 4. The output terminal of the first voltage follower U2 is used to output the weighted touch voltage signal V_touch_out.

[0065] For example, the first weighting unit 111 adopts a programmable voltage divider circuit structure based on the analog switch chip CD4051S and a precision resistor array. The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the touch sensor 41 to receive the touch voltage signal V_touch. The second end of the first resistor R1 is simultaneously connected to the common input / output pin COMOUT / IN of the first analog switch chip U1 and the first input terminal (same as the in-phase input terminal +) of the first voltage follower U2. The first to fourth analog input / output pins (i.e., pins 0, 1, 2, and 3) of the first analog switch chip U1 are respectively connected to the first ends of the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, and the fifth resistor R5. The second ends of all four resistors are grounded (GND), and each resistor has a different resistance value, such as 10kΩ for the second resistor R2 and 50kΩ for the third resistor R3. The first analog switch chip U1 has a common input / output pin (A / B / C) that is connected to one of the four analog input / output pins (0, 1, 2, 3). This allows the chip to connect the corresponding pull-down resistor to the voltage divider branch of the first resistor R1 when the address selection pins A / B / C receive two or three digital control signals from the control module 50. The common input / output pin is connected to one of the four analog input / output pins (0, 1, 2, 3). According to the voltage divider formula Vout = Vin × (Rselect / Rin + Rselect), where Vout is the output voltage (weighted touch voltage signal), Vin is the input voltage (touch voltage signal V_touch), Rselect is the total parallel resistance of the selected resistors from the second resistor R2 to the fifth resistor R5, and Rin is the resistance of the first resistor R1. After the touch voltage signal is divided by the first resistor R1 and the selected pull-down resistor, an intermediate voltage with an amplitude attenuated by a specific ratio (such as 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) is obtained at the second terminal of the first resistor R1. The first voltage follower U2 is configured as a unity-gain buffer using an LMV358B-VR operational amplifier U5. Its first input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal +) receives the intermediate voltage, and its second input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal -) is directly connected to its own output terminal, which outputs the weighted touch voltage signal V_touch_out after weighting. The high input impedance of the voltage follower ensures that it does not generate a load effect on the preceding voltage divider network, while the low output impedance ensures that the weighted touch voltage signal V_touch_out can stably drive the subsequent signal conversion submodule 12.

[0066] For example, please refer to Figure 5 The second weighting unit 112 includes: The sixth resistor R6 has its first end connected to the eye-tracking sensor 42 to receive the eye-tracking voltage signal V_eye. The second analog switch chip U3 has its common input / output pin COMOUT / IN connected to the second end of the sixth resistor R6; The seventh resistor R7 has its first end connected to the first analog input / output pin 0 of the second analog switch chip U3, and its second end grounded to GND. The eighth resistor R8 has its first end connected to the second analog input / output pin 1 of the second analog switch chip U3, and its second end grounded to GND. The ninth resistor R9 has its first end connected to the third analog input / output pin 2 of the second analog switch chip U3, and its second end grounded to GND. The tenth resistor R10 has its first end connected to the fourth analog input / output pin 3 of the second analog switch chip U3, and its second end grounded to GND. The second voltage follower U4 has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6, and its second input terminal connected to its output terminal. The output terminal of the second voltage follower U4 is used to output the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal V_eye_out.

[0067] For example, the second weighting unit 112 adopts a programmable voltage divider circuit structure based on the analog switch chip CD4051S and a precision resistor array, which is symmetrical to the first weighting unit 111. The first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the eye-tracking sensor 42 to receive the eye-tracking voltage signal V_eye. The second end of the sixth resistor R6 is simultaneously connected to the common input / output pin COMOUT / IN of the second analog switch chip U3 and the first input terminal of the second voltage follower U4. The first to fourth analog input / output pins of the second analog switch chip U3 (i.e., 0, ...) Pins 1, 2, and 3 are connected to the first terminals of resistors R7 (seventh), R8 (eighth), R9 (ninth), and R10 (tenth). The second terminals of these four resistors are all grounded (GND). These four resistors are selected with the same resistance values ​​as the corresponding resistors in the first weighting unit 111, such as 10kΩ for R7, 50kΩ for R8, 20kΩ for R9, and 10kΩ for R10. This ensures that the two weighting units have a consistent adjustment range and symmetrical circuit performance. When the address of the second analog switch chip U3 is selected... When pins A / B / C receive independent two- or three-digit digital control signals from control module 50, the chip internally selects one of the four analog input / output pins mentioned above, thereby connecting the corresponding pull-down resistor to the voltage divider branch of the sixth resistor R6. After the eye-tracking voltage signal is divided by the selected pull-down resistor and the sixth resistor R6, an intermediate voltage with an amplitude attenuated by a preset ratio (such as 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, etc.) is obtained at the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6. The second voltage follower U4 also uses an LMV3. The 58B-VR operational amplifier U5 is configured as a unity-gain buffer. Its first input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal +) receives the intermediate voltage, and its second input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal -) is directly connected to its own output terminal, which outputs the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal V_eye_out after weighting. This voltage follower ensures that the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal has sufficient driving capability and signal stability, and can be reliably transmitted together with the weighted touch voltage signal V_eye_out to the subsequent signal conversion submodule 12 for merging and accumulation.

[0068] As an example, the first analog switch chip U1 can also be connected to the interrupt controller of the control module 50, and the second analog switch chip U3 can also be connected to the interrupt controller. The first interrupt source INT1 of the interrupt controller is triggered by a touch sensor, which is connected to one GPIO pin of the control module. The second interrupt source INT2 of the interrupt controller is triggered by an eye-tracking sensor, which is connected to another GPIO pin of the control module. The control module 50 can also be configured with an interrupt priority register. During system initialization, the priority value of INT1 can be set to be higher than that of INT2 by configuring the interrupt priority register. For example, in the control module 50, a smaller value may indicate a higher priority. Therefore, INT1 can be set to 0 and INT2 can be set to 1. Thus, when the low-priority INT2 interrupt service routine is being executed, if a high-priority INT1 interrupt is received, the control module 50 will immediately suspend the processing of INT2 and execute the interrupt service routine of INT1 instead. If the INT1 interrupt service routine is triggered, it sends an instruction to the timing controller to enter the "high-speed partial scan mode." In this mode, the gate pulse width output by the timing controller is narrower and the frequency is higher to quickly respond to refresh. A software interrupt mask bit can be set in this interrupt service routine to temporarily disable the triggering of INT2, preventing eye-tracking signals from interfering with the current high-speed refresh process. If the INT2 interrupt service routine is triggered, it sends an instruction to the timing controller to enter the "fixed-point fine refresh mode." In this mode, the gate pulse width output by the timing controller is wider to refresh the area the user is looking at more precisely. However, this interrupt service routine may be interrupted by INT1 at any time. Therefore, through the above hardware priority mechanism, the response logic prioritizing touch over eye-tracking can be clearly defined, fundamentally solving the decision-making problem when multimodal signal conflicts occur. The response time is deterministic and extremely short, avoiding the uncertain delays caused by software polling or state machine judgments. Furthermore, different interrupts directly correspond to different timing modes of the timing controller, allowing the display refresh strategy to flexibly and quickly adapt to different user interaction scenarios.

[0069] In the specific implementation process, please refer to Figure 6 The weighted voltage signals include weighted touch voltage signals and weighted eye-tracking voltage signals; Signal conversion submodule 12 includes: The signal conversion unit 121 is connected to the signal weighting submodule 11. It is used to combine the weighted touch voltage signal and the weighted eye movement voltage signal into a fused voltage signal through an operational amplifier, and to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal. The signal reset unit 122 is connected to the control module 50 and the signal conversion unit 121 respectively. It is used to control the signal conversion unit 121 to release the charge accumulated in the time domain before each control cycle according to the reset signal transmitted by the control module 50.

[0070] It should be noted that the signal conversion unit 121 refers to the core circuit component within the signal conversion submodule 12 responsible for merging multiple weighted voltage signals into a single fused voltage signal and performing time-domain accumulation on this fused voltage signal to output a target voltage signal. This unit is connected to the signal weighting submodule 11 to receive various weighted voltage signals (i.e., weighted touch voltage signals and weighted eye-tracking voltage signals). In its circuit implementation, this unit can employ an active integrator structure including a summing resistor network and an operational amplifier U5. The summing resistor network algebraically superimposes the voltage signals from different weighting channels to form a fused voltage signal characterizing the intensity of multi-source interaction. Subsequently, the operational amplifier U5, in conjunction with a feedback capacitor, performs time-domain integration on this fused voltage signal, causing the output voltage to rise linearly with the continuous action of the input signal, ultimately outputting a target voltage signal that reflects the cumulative effect of the interactive action time. The output of this unit is directly used as the final output of the signal fusion module 10 and is simultaneously sent to the voltage comparison module 20 and the signal conversion module 30 for further processing.

[0071] The fused voltage signal refers to the intermediate analog voltage signal obtained before entering the integrator circuit, obtained by algebraically superimposing multiple weighted voltage signals (including weighted touch voltage signals and weighted eye-tracking voltage signals) through a summing network inside the signal conversion unit 121. This signal is the linear superposition of the instantaneous amplitudes of each weighted voltage signal. Its voltage value comprehensively reflects the sum of the weighted interaction intensities from the touch channel and eye-tracking channel at the current moment. However, this signal has not yet undergone time-domain accumulation processing and only represents the current instantaneous multi-source comprehensive intensity. This fused voltage signal is used as the input for integration operations and is fed into an integrator composed of an operational amplifier and a feedback capacitor for time accumulation. Its amplitude directly determines the rate of increase of the target voltage signal over time; that is, the higher the amplitude of the fused voltage signal, the faster the integral increase rate of the target voltage signal.

[0072] The signal reset unit 122 is an auxiliary circuit component in the signal conversion submodule 12 responsible for periodically releasing charge from the signal conversion unit 121 to eliminate the effects of historical accumulation. This unit is connected to both the control module 50 and the signal conversion unit 121, receiving a reset signal from the control module 50 and controlling the signal conversion unit 121 to discharge the internally accumulated charge before the start of each control cycle based on the reset signal. In its circuit implementation, this unit can employ a topology of a parallel analog switching transistor (such as a MOSFET) and an integrating capacitor. When the reset signal is valid, the switching transistor turns on, shorting the two ends of the integrating capacitor, and the charge stored in the capacitor is quickly discharged to ground or the reference potential, causing the integrator output voltage to return to zero. When the reset signal is invalid, the switching transistor turns off, and the integrator resumes normal integration operation. The existence of this unit ensures that the integration operation of the signal conversion unit 121 is performed in discrete control cycles, that is, each cycle starts accumulating from a zero initial state, avoiding interference from residual charge from the previous cycle on the current cycle's accumulation result, and ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the integrated accumulation.

[0073] The reset signal is a digital control command generated by the control module 50 and transmitted to the signal reset unit 122. It instructs the signal reset unit 122 to perform a charge release operation on the signal conversion unit 121 at a specified time. This signal is typically in the form of a periodic pulse or a level control. Before the start of each control cycle, the control module 50 actively pulls it high or low, turning on the switch in the signal reset unit 122 to discharge and reset the integrating capacitor. After the reset operation is completed, the signal is switched to the opposite state, the switch is turned off, and the integrator resumes normal integration operation. The timing of this signal generation is precisely scheduled by the control module 50 according to a preset control cycle. Its effective duration must be sufficient to completely discharge the integrating capacitor to zero, ensuring that each integration cycle starts with a uniform zero initial condition. This ensures that the rise of the target voltage signal in each cycle depends only on the cumulative effect of the fused voltage signal in the current cycle, and is completely independent of historical cycles.

[0074] Understandably, although the signal conversion submodule 12 realizes the time-domain accumulation of the fused voltage signal and outputs the target voltage signal, if the accumulation process lacks an effective periodic reset mechanism, the charge on the integrating capacitor will continue to accumulate as multiple interactive events continue to occur, causing the target voltage signal to rise continuously over time and fail to return to zero. This not only makes the target voltage signal unable to reflect the true changes in the intensity of user interaction within a single control cycle, but also causes the integrator output voltage to gradually approach the power rail and become saturated, resulting in the subsequent voltage comparison module 20 being unable to correctly distinguish interactive actions of different intensity levels. At the same time, the accumulation results between different control cycles also lose comparability due to the lack of a unified zeroing benchmark, causing the decision result of the refresh strategy control signal and the duty cycle output of the pulse width modulation signal to deviate from the actual current interaction intensity, ultimately affecting the accuracy and reliability of the display refresh control.

[0075] Therefore, this embodiment further proposes that the signal conversion submodule 12 may specifically include a signal conversion unit 121 and a signal reset unit 122. The signal conversion unit 121 is responsible for merging and time-domain accumulation of each weighted voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal. The signal reset unit 122 is connected to the control module 50 and the signal conversion unit 121 respectively, and is used to control the signal conversion unit 121 to release the time-domain accumulated charge before the start of each control cycle according to the reset signal transmitted by the control module 50, thereby ensuring that each integration cycle starts accumulating from a zero initial state.

[0076] Based on the above-mentioned further technical solutions, the display control circuit introduces a hardware-level reset mechanism to avoid the problem of the target voltage signal failing to return to zero and gradually saturating due to the continuous accumulation of the integrating capacitor. It also avoids the problem of decision benchmark drift caused by inconsistent initial conditions between different control cycles. Thus, on the basis of the already realized multi-source signal weighted fusion and time-domain accumulation representation, it further ensures that the target voltage signal can truly and accurately reflect the actual accumulation effect of the current interaction intensity in each control cycle. It realizes the periodic reset of the integration operation and the stable unification of the decision benchmark, improving the reliability of the display control circuit during long-term operation and the accuracy and consistency of the refresh strategy response.

[0077] For example, please refer to Figure 7 The signal conversion unit 121 includes: The eleventh resistor R11, the first end of which is connected to the signal weighting submodule 11, is used to receive the weighted touch voltage signal V_touch_out; The twelfth resistor R12 has its first end connected to the signal weighting submodule 11 to receive the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal V_eye_out. The second end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor R11. The thirteenth resistor R13 is connected at its first end to the second end of the eleventh resistor R11. Operational amplifier U5 has its first input terminal grounded to GND, its second input terminal connected to the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13, and its output terminal used to output the target voltage signal Vout. The first capacitor C1 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13, and its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the operational amplifier U5.

[0078] That is, the signal conversion unit 121 adopts an inverting integrator circuit structure based on operational amplifier U5. The first end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the output of the first weighting unit 111 in the signal weighting submodule 11 to receive the weighted touch voltage signal. The first end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the output of the second weighting unit 112 in the signal weighting submodule 11 to receive the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal. The second ends of the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12 are interconnected to form a summing node, which is also connected to the first end of the thirteenth resistor R13. The second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the second input terminal (i.e., the inverting input terminal -) of operational amplifier U5, and the first input terminal (i.e., the non-inverting input terminal +) of operational amplifier U5 is directly grounded to GND, thus forming an inverting summing input structure. This allows the weighted touch voltage signal to be injected into the summing node via the eleventh resistor R11, and the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal to be injected into the summing node via the twelfth resistor R12. At the summation node, algebraic superposition is performed according to Kirchhoff's current law. The total current after superposition flows into the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U5 through the thirteenth resistor R13. The first capacitor C1 is connected between the second input terminal (inverting input terminal -) and the output terminal of operational amplifier U5. That is, the first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the second end (i.e., the inverting input terminal -) of the thirteenth resistor R13, and the second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U5, forming a feedback integration path. When the two weighted voltage signals are continuously input, the superimposed current charges the first capacitor C1. The voltage at the output terminal of operational amplifier U5 increases linearly with time, and its rate of increase is proportional to the sum of the currents of the weighted touch voltage signal and the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal after passing through their respective input resistors. Finally, the target voltage signal Vout, which increases cumulatively with time, is obtained at the output terminal of operational amplifier U5. This target voltage signal Vout represents the integration result of the fused voltage signal in the time domain.

[0079] For example, please refer to Figure 8 The signal reset unit 122 includes: Switch Q1 has its control terminal connected to control module 50 to receive the reset signal RESET_PIN. The input terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U5, and the output terminal of switch Q1 is connected to the second input terminal of operational amplifier U5.

[0080] That is, the signal reset unit 122 can use a single N-channel MOSFET switch Q1 as a reset switch. The control terminal (i.e., gate) of the switch Q1 is connected to the control module 50 to receive the reset signal RESET_PIN. The input terminal (i.e., drain) of the switch Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5 (i.e., the output terminal of the integrator in the signal conversion unit 121). The output terminal (i.e., source) of the switch Q1 is connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier U5 (i.e., the inverting input terminal -, which is also the node connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13), so that the switch Q1 and the first capacitor C1 are connected in parallel in the circuit topology. When the control module 50 outputs a high-level reset signal RESET_PIN to the gate of the switch Q1 before the start of a control cycle, the switch Q1 is turned on, and the impedance between its drain and source drops to a very low value, shorting the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5 with the inverting input terminal -. At this time, the two ends of the first capacitor C1 are forcibly short-circuited, and the charge stored in the first capacitor C1 is quickly discharged through the turned-on switch Q1. The target voltage signal Vout at the output of the operational amplifier U5 is reset to the initial state of zero volts or close to zero volts, completing the integrator reset operation. When the control module 50 subsequently switches the reset signal RESET_PIN to a low level, the switch Q1 is turned off, and its drain-source presents a high impedance. The first capacitor C1 resumes its normal integration function, and the signal conversion unit 121 restarts the time-domain accumulation of the combined current of the weighted touch voltage signal and the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal. The reset signal is actively generated by the control module 50 before the start of each control cycle, which is a pulse with a sufficient duration to ensure that the first capacitor C1 is completely discharged before the new integration cycle begins. This ensures that the starting voltage of the target voltage signal Vout is consistent in each control cycle, eliminating the interference of residual charge from the previous cycle on the integration result of the current cycle.

[0081] In one feasible implementation, please refer to Figure 9 The voltage comparison module 20 includes: The first voltage comparator U6 has its first input terminal connected to the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal Vout. The output terminal of the first voltage comparator U6 is used to output the refresh strategy control signal MCU_GPIO. Multiplexer U7 has multiple normally open pins used to receive various reference voltage signals. The common pin of multiplexer U7 is connected to the second input of the first voltage comparator U6.

[0082] Understandably, since the voltage comparison module 20 needs to compare the target voltage signal Vout with multiple reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​to output the refresh strategy control signal, if multiple independent voltage comparators are set up to achieve multi-channel comparison, each comparator needs to be equipped with a fixed reference voltage source. This will lead to a large amount of redundancy in the internal hardware resources of the circuit and a significant increase in chip area, because each comparator and its corresponding reference voltage generation circuit occupy an independent silicon area. On the other hand, the simultaneous operation of multiple comparators will generate a large static power consumption, which is contrary to the low power consumption design goal of electronic paper devices. In addition, once the number of fixed-connected comparators is determined, the number of intensity levels that the system can determine is locked, and the comparison threshold cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual application requirements, which limits the adaptability and configurability of the circuit.

[0083] Therefore, this embodiment further specifies that the voltage comparison module 20 may specifically include a first voltage comparator U6 and a multiplexer U7, wherein the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator U6 is connected to the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal Vout, the multiple normally open pins of the multiplexer U7 respectively receive each reference voltage signal, and the common pin of the multiplexer U7 is connected to the second input terminal of the first voltage comparator U6. The channel selection state of the multiplexer U7 is switched by the control module 50 so that reference voltage signals with different voltage values ​​are sequentially sent to the first voltage comparator U6 at different times to be compared with the target voltage signal Vout, and finally the output terminal of the first voltage comparator U6 outputs the refresh strategy control signal MCU_GPIO.

[0084] Therefore, based on the above technical solution, the display control circuit realizes the multi-threshold comparison function through a time-division switching mechanism of a single voltage comparator and multiplexer U7. This avoids the hardware redundancy and area overhead caused by setting multiple independent comparators, as well as the increased static power consumption caused by multiple comparators working simultaneously. At the same time, through the flexible configuration of the multiplexer U7 channel by the control module 50, the system can dynamically adjust the comparison threshold sequence and decision logic according to actual needs. Thus, based on the hardware-level refresh strategy hierarchical decision-making, the circuit implementation cost and power consumption are further reduced, and the flexibility and configurability of the voltage comparison module 20 are improved.

[0085] For example, the voltage comparison module 20 uses a single high-speed voltage comparator chip LMV7219M7 as the first voltage comparator U6, and an analog multiplexer chip TS3A27518EPWR as the multiplexer U7. The first input terminal (the in-phase input terminal +) of the first voltage comparator U6 is connected to the output terminal of the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal Vout. The three normally open pins of the multiplexer U7 (such as NO1, NO2, and NO3) are respectively connected to three reference voltage signals with different fixed voltage values ​​generated by a precision resistor voltage divider network, for example, Vref_low, Vref_mid, and Vref_h respectively. These reference voltage signals all originate from a stable DC voltage generated by a voltage divider resistor chain from the same reference voltage source. The common terminal pin COM1 of the multiplexer U7 is connected to the second input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal -) of the first voltage comparator U6. The connection control pins IN1 and / or IN2 of the multiplexer U7 are connected to the control module 50. The control module 50 selects one of the three normally open pins, thereby sending the reference voltage signal of the corresponding voltage value to the inverting input terminal - of the first voltage comparator U6 via the common terminal pin. The output terminal of the first voltage comparator U6 is the output terminal of the refresh strategy control signal MCU_GPIO, which is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin of the control module 50.

[0086] In practical operation, the control module 50 sequentially switches the channel selection state of the multiplexer U7 at fixed time intervals (e.g., once every millisecond), allowing the reference voltage signal to gradually switch from the lowest value Vref_low to the highest value Vref_high. During each channel selection period, the first voltage comparator U6 compares the target voltage signal Vout at the non-inverting input with the current reference voltage signal at the inverting input in real time. When the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout is higher than the current reference voltage signal, the comparator outputs a high level; otherwise, it outputs a low level. The control module 50 sequentially reads the output logic level of the comparator in each channel selection state to form... A coded sequence consisting of high and low levels defines the voltage range of the target voltage signal Vout by the reference voltage value corresponding to the transition boundary of the coded sequence. The control module 50 generates a corresponding refresh strategy control signal (e.g., two-bit binary code 00, 01, 10 or 11) based on the interval where the transition boundary is located and outputs it to the subsequent control logic. In this way, by using a single voltage comparator in conjunction with the multiplexer U7 for time-division switching, the target voltage signal Vout is sequentially compared with multiple reference voltage signals using a single comparator, and finally the refresh strategy control signal MCU_GPIO reflecting the interaction strength level is output.

[0087] In one feasible implementation, please refer to Figure 10 The signal conversion module 30 includes: Timer U8 is used to generate a reference period signal Vtri, where the frequency and amplitude of the reference period signal Vtri are both fixed. The second voltage comparator U9 has its first input terminal connected to the signal fusion module 10 and its second input terminal connected to the timer U8. The output terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the control module 50. It is used to receive the target voltage signal Vout and the reference period signal Vtri, and output the pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU according to the comparison result of the target voltage signal Vout and the reference period signal Vtri.

[0088] It should be noted that the reference periodic signal Vtri refers to a periodic waveform signal generated by timer U8, with a fixed frequency and amplitude. This signal serves as a reference carrier for amplitude comparison with the target voltage signal Vout in the circuit. The specific waveform of this signal is usually a sawtooth wave or a triangular wave. Its frequency is determined by the clock source of timer U8 and the frequency division coefficient, and its amplitude is set by the internal reference voltage of timer U8 or an external reference voltage. Both are fixed to preset values ​​during manufacturing or system initialization and do not change with input conditions or environmental changes during operation. The reference periodic signal Vtri is sent to the second input terminal of the second voltage comparator U9 and compared in real time with the target voltage signal from the signal fusion module 10, which is also sent to the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator U9. This acts as a periodically changing threshold standard. Whenever the instantaneous amplitude of the reference periodic signal Vtri rises from zero to a peak value and then falls back to zero, the relationship between the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout and this instantaneous amplitude changes periodically. That is, when the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout is higher than the instantaneous amplitude of the reference periodic signal Vtri, the comparator outputs a high level; when it is lower, it outputs a low level. This converts the amplitude information of the analog voltage signal Vout into the duty cycle information of the pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU. The duty cycle changes linearly with the continuous change in the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout, achieving a precise mapping from analog voltage amplitude to pulse width time. The key feature of the reference periodic signal Vtri is the fixed frequency and amplitude. It is this fixed periodic waveform that serves as a reference, which enables the change in the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout to be uniquely and linearly converted into the change in the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU, thereby ensuring a definite and monotonically positive correlation between the output duty cycle of the signal conversion module 30 and the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout.

[0089] Understandably, since the signal conversion module 30 needs to convert the target voltage signal Vout into a pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU whose duty cycle is positively correlated with the refresh intensity, if this conversion is implemented using digital circuits, such as acquiring the target voltage signal Vout through an analog-to-digital converter and then generating a PWM wave by a digital counter, digital logic resources such as analog-to-digital converters, digital counters, and digital comparators need to be introduced. This not only increases the circuit complexity and power consumption, but also the quantization error introduced during the analog-to-digital conversion process causes the output of the duty cycle to change in a step-like manner rather than a continuous linear change, making the adjustment of the refresh intensity not smooth and precise enough. At the same time, both analog-to-digital conversion and digital comparison require the accumulation of clock cycles to complete one conversion, resulting in an inherent conversion delay, making it impossible to achieve real-time tracking of the change in the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout to the change in the duty cycle of PWM_MCU.

[0090] Therefore, this embodiment further specifies that the signal conversion module 30 may specifically include a timer U8 and a second voltage comparator U9, wherein the timer U8 is used to generate a reference period signal Vtri with fixed frequency and amplitude, the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator U9 is connected to the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal Vout, the second input terminal of the second voltage comparator U9 is connected to the timer U8 to receive the reference period signal Vtri, and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator U9 is connected to the control module 50, and the comparator directly outputs the pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU based on the real-time amplitude comparison result between the target voltage signal Vout and the reference period signal Vtri.

[0091] Therefore, based on the above technical solution, the display control circuit generates a periodic carrier signal with a fixed frequency and fixed amplitude through timer U8, and then continuously compares the target voltage signal Vout with the carrier signal in real time through the second voltage comparator U9. When the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout is higher than the instantaneous value of the carrier signal, the comparator outputs a high level; otherwise, it outputs a low level. Thus, without analog-to-digital conversion and digital counting, a pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU with a duty cycle that changes linearly with the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout is directly generated. This avoids the quantization error and stepped adjustment problem caused by analog-to-digital conversion, as well as the clock counting delay problem required by the digital PWM generation method. It realizes instantaneous response and stepless continuous adjustment of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU from the change of the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout. Therefore, on the basis of already achieving fine adjustment of refresh intensity, the smoothness, real-time performance and linearity of refresh intensity control are further improved.

[0092] For example, the signal conversion module 30 uses a 555 timer U8 in conjunction with a high-speed voltage comparator to construct a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation circuit. The 555 timer U8 is connected in a multivibrator mode, and the oscillation frequency is set by the values ​​of external resistors and capacitors. It generates a periodic sawtooth wave signal with a fixed frequency (e.g., 1kHz) as a reference periodic signal Vtri at its output. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the sawtooth wave is fixed to a preset value (e.g., 3V) by an internal voltage regulator circuit or an external reference voltage. The high-speed voltage comparator uses an LMV7219M7 chip as the second voltage comparator U9. Its first input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal +) is connected to the output terminal of the signal fusion module 10 to receive the target voltage signal Vout. Its second input terminal (such as the inverting input terminal -) is connected to the output terminal of the timer U8 to receive the sawtooth wave reference periodic signal Vtri with a fixed frequency and fixed amplitude. Its output terminal is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin of the control module 50.

[0093] In addition, the ground pin of the timer U8 is grounded to GND, the trigger pin outputs the reference period signal Vtri, the reset pin is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the control voltage pin is grounded to GND via the second capacitor, the threshold pin outputs the reference period signal Vtri, the discharge pin receives the power supply voltage VCC and outputs the reference period signal Vtri via the fourteenth resistor, and is grounded to GND via the fourteenth resistor and the third capacitor, and the power supply pin is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and is grounded to GND via the third capacitor.

[0094] During circuit operation, timer U8 continuously outputs a sawtooth wave that rises linearly and then falls rapidly. When the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout is higher than the instantaneous amplitude of the sawtooth wave at the current moment, the non-inverting input (+) of the second voltage comparator U9 is higher than the inverting input (-), the internal output stage transistor of the comparator is turned off, and its output is pulled high through the pull-up resistor. When the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout is lower than the instantaneous amplitude of the sawtooth wave at the current moment, the non-inverting input of the comparator is lower than the inverting input, the internal output stage transistor of the comparator is turned on, and its output is pulled low. As the sawtooth wave rises linearly from 0V to 3V and then falls rapidly within one cycle, the relationship between the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout and the instantaneous amplitude of the sawtooth wave alternates from high to low and then back to high once in each cycle. Therefore, the comparator outputs a periodic digital pulse signal whose high-level duration varies linearly with the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout in each cycle. This signal is the... The pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU has a duty cycle that is precisely equal to the ratio of the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout to the peak-to-peak amplitude of the sawtooth wave. For example, when the target voltage signal Vout is 1.5V and the peak-to-peak amplitude of the sawtooth wave is 3V, the duty cycle is 50%; when the target voltage signal Vout is 2.7V, the duty cycle is 90%; and when the target voltage signal Vout is 0.3V, the duty cycle is 10%. This achieves a linear positive correlation mapping between the amplitude of the target voltage signal Vout and the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU. The pulse width modulation signal PWM_MCU is sent to the control module 50. The control module 50 obtains the duty cycle information by measuring the proportion of the high-level duration of the signal to the entire cycle, and adjusts the driving intensity applied to the electronic paper display device according to the duty cycle. For example, the higher the duty cycle, the higher the driving voltage amplitude output by the charge pump boost circuit, thereby driving the electronic paper particles to migrate at a faster speed to achieve high-speed refresh. The lower the duty cycle, the lower the driving voltage amplitude, achieving fine refresh control with lower power consumption.

[0095] This application also proposes a display device, which includes a display panel, a plurality of interactive sensors and a display control circuit. The specific structure of the display control circuit is as described in the above embodiments. Since this display device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0096] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A display control circuit, characterized in that, The display control circuit includes: A signal fusion module is connected to multiple interactive sensors configured in the display device. The module receives interactive voltage signals generated by each interactive sensor and fuses the interactive voltage signals through an operational amplifier to obtain a target voltage signal. A voltage comparison module, connected to the signal fusion module, is used to compare the target voltage signal with multiple reference voltage signals of different voltage values ​​through a first voltage comparator to obtain a refresh strategy control signal corresponding to the target voltage signal. A signal conversion module, connected to the signal fusion module, is used to convert the target voltage signal into a pulse width modulation signal, wherein the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal is positively correlated with the refresh intensity of the display device; A control module, which is connected to the voltage comparison module and the signal conversion module respectively, is used to determine the target refresh strategy according to the refresh strategy control signal, and control the display device to refresh according to the target refresh strategy and the pulse width modulation signal.

2. The display control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal fusion module includes: A signal weighting submodule is connected to each of the interactive sensors and is used to receive each of the interactive voltage signals and weight each of the interactive voltage signals to obtain weighted voltage signals. A signal conversion submodule, connected to the signal weighting submodule, is used to combine the weighted voltage signals from each channel into a fused voltage signal through the operational amplifier, and to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal.

3. The display control circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the interactive sensors includes a touch sensor and an eye-tracking sensor; each of the interactive voltage signals includes a touch voltage signal generated by the touch sensor and an eye-tracking voltage signal generated by the eye-tracking sensor; and each of the weighted voltage signals includes a weighted touch voltage signal and a weighted eye-tracking voltage signal. The signal weighting submodule includes: A first weighting unit, connected to the touch sensor, is used to receive the touch voltage signal and weight the touch voltage signal to obtain the weighted touch voltage signal; The second weighting unit, connected to the eye-tracking sensor, is used to receive the eye-tracking voltage signal and weight the eye-tracking voltage signal to obtain the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal.

4. The display control circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first weighting unit includes: A first resistor, the first end of which is connected to the touch sensor, is used to receive the touch voltage signal; The first analog switch chip has its common input / output pins connected to the second end of the first resistor. The second resistor has its first end connected to the first analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The third resistor has its first end connected to the second analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The fourth resistor has its first end connected to the third analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The fifth resistor has its first end connected to the fourth analog input / output pin of the first analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. A first voltage follower, wherein the first input terminal of the first voltage follower is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, the second input terminal of the first voltage follower is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage follower, and the output terminal of the first voltage follower is used to output the weighted touch voltage signal.

5. The display control circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second weighting unit includes: The sixth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the eye-tracking sensor, is used to receive the eye-tracking voltage signal; The second analog switch chip has its common input / output pins connected to the second end of the sixth resistor; The seventh resistor has its first end connected to the first analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The eighth resistor has its first end connected to the second analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The ninth resistor has its first end connected to the third analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The tenth resistor has its first end connected to the fourth analog input / output pin of the second analog switch chip, and its second end grounded. The second voltage follower has its first input terminal connected to the second terminal of the sixth resistor, and its second input terminal connected to its output terminal. The output terminal of the second voltage follower is used to output the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal.

6. The display control circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The weighted voltage signals mentioned in each path include weighted touch voltage signals and weighted eye-tracking voltage signals; The signal conversion submodule includes: A signal conversion unit, connected to the signal weighting submodule, is used to combine the weighted touch voltage signal and the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal into a fused voltage signal through the operational amplifier, and to perform time-domain accumulation on the fused voltage signal to obtain the target voltage signal; A signal reset unit is connected to both the control module and the signal conversion unit, and is used to control the signal conversion unit to release the charge accumulated in the time domain before each control cycle according to the reset signal transmitted by the control module.

7. The display control circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The signal conversion unit includes: The eleventh resistor, the first end of which is connected to the signal weighting submodule, is used to receive the weighted touch voltage signal; The twelfth resistor has its first end connected to the signal weighting submodule for receiving the weighted eye-tracking voltage signal, and its second end connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor. The thirteenth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor; The operational amplifier has a first input terminal grounded, a second input terminal connected to the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor, and an output terminal for outputting the target voltage signal. A first capacitor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the thirteenth resistor, and the second end of which is connected to the second end of the operational amplifier.

8. The display control circuit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The signal reset unit includes: A switching transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the control module for receiving the reset signal, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier, and the output terminal of which is connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier.

9. The display control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage comparison module includes: The first voltage comparator has its first input terminal connected to the signal fusion module for receiving the target voltage signal, and its output terminal for outputting the refresh strategy control signal. A multiplexer, wherein multiple normally open pins of the multiplexer are used to receive each of the reference voltage signals, and the common pin of the multiplexer is connected to the second input of the first voltage comparator.

10. The display control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal conversion module includes: A timer for generating a reference period signal, wherein the frequency and amplitude of the reference period signal are both fixed; A second voltage comparator is connected to the signal fusion module at its first input and to the timer at its second input. The output of the voltage comparator is connected to the control module. The comparator is used to receive the target voltage signal and the reference period signal, and to output the pulse width modulation signal based on the comparison result between the target voltage signal and the reference period signal.

11. A display device, characterized in that, The display device includes a display panel, a plurality of interactive sensors, and a display control circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each of the interactive sensors, the display control circuit, and the display panel are connected in sequence.

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