Composite air duct self-cooling dry-type transformer

Abstract

The application discloses a composite air duct self-cooling dry-type transformer and belongs to the technical field of transformers. The transformer comprises a box body and a transformer body installed in the box body. A ventilation cavity is formed at the top of the box body. A heat dissipation fan is fixedly installed in the ventilation cavity. A movable door is formed in the side wall of the box body. A cooling assembly is movably and sealingly arranged on the movable door. Air guide pipes are fixedly arranged between the cooling assemblies. The two ends of the ventilation cavity are communicated with the side area of the box body through the air guide pipes. Arc-shaped metal heat dissipation plates are abuttingly arranged on the two sides of the transformer body. Air permeation openings are formed in the arc-shaped metal heat dissipation plates. The closed circulation air duct is formed by the ventilation cavity and the air guide pipes, so that the hot air in the box body is forcedly circulated and cooled by the heat dissipation fan, and the invasion of external dust is avoided. Energy-saving heat dissipation under the normal working condition of the transformer body and high-efficiency and rapid heat dissipation under the load working condition are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transformer technology, and specifically to a composite air duct self-cooling dry-type transformer. Background Technology

[0002] As a key piece of equipment in power systems, the operating temperature of dry-type transformers directly affects their insulation performance and service life. Efficient heat dissipation is a core requirement for ensuring stable operation. In existing technologies, cooling fans are typically placed outside the coils to dissipate heat from dry-type transformers. Currently, most fans used in dry-type transformers on the market are cross-flow fans. After being fixed, the fan's exhaust air blows onto the transformer's fixed square tube before returning, preventing effective airflow into the transformer's interior and hindering effective and rapid cooling. Traditional cooling methods for dry-type transformers often employ natural air cooling or simple forced air cooling, relying solely on external heat sinks or fans for overall cooling. While air conduction cooling is suitable for transformers under normal operating conditions, it becomes insufficient to quickly cool them when they generate significant heat under load, relying solely on fan cooling or internal airflow circulation. Furthermore, when external air is introduced for cooling, dust and moisture can easily penetrate the transformer casing, causing contamination and corrosion. Therefore, this invention proposes a composite airflow self-cooling dry-type transformer to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above problems, this invention provides a composite air duct self-cooling dry-type transformer, which can achieve energy-saving heat dissipation under normal operating conditions and efficient and rapid heat dissipation under load conditions.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A composite air duct self-cooling dry-type transformer includes a housing and a transformer body installed inside the housing. The housing has a ventilation cavity at its top, a cooling fan fixedly installed inside the ventilation cavity, a movable door on the side wall of the housing, a cooling assembly movably sealed on the movable door, air ducts fixedly arranged between the cooling assemblies, and the two ends of the ventilation cavity connected to the side areas of the housing via the air ducts. The cooling assembly includes multiple metal cooling plates and a base arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. The metal cooling plates are hollow inside and are mounted on the base. A sealing plate is fixed to the top side of the metal cooling plate. The side wall of the air guide duct is fixedly connected to the middle of the side of the metal cooling plate, and the air guide duct and the sealing plate form a sealed sliding contact with the side of the adjacent metal cooling plate. Both sides of the transformer body are provided with arc-shaped metal heat sinks, the inner side of each arc-shaped metal heat sink is in contact with the outer wall of the transformer body, and the arc-shaped metal heat sinks are provided with ventilation holes.

[0005] Preferably, it also includes a temperature sensor, which is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface inside the housing, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the cooling fan.

[0006] Preferably, each of the arc-shaped metal heat sinks has a plurality of metal abutment pieces fixedly connected at horizontal intervals on its outer surface. The number of metal abutment pieces corresponds to the number of metal cooling plates, and each metal abutment piece is used to abut against the side of the corresponding metal cooling plate after the cooling assembly moves.

[0007] Preferably, the air duct includes a connecting pipe and an air outlet pipe. The top of the connecting pipe extends horizontally through and into the ventilation cavity, and the bottom of the connecting pipe bends and extends vertically downward and connects with the top of the air outlet pipe. The air outlet pipe has a hollow structure, and an air outlet is provided on one side wall of the air outlet pipe facing the inside of the box.

[0008] Preferably, an adjusting strip is fixedly provided on the air outlet, the adjusting strip has a triangular cross-section, and the two inclined surfaces of the adjusting strip face inward toward the air outlet.

[0009] Preferably, the ventilation cavity is further provided with a damper adjustment component, which includes a duct cover, an adjustment blade, a rotating shaft, a drive sprocket, and a chain. The duct cover is adapted to be installed inside the ventilation cavity. The top and bottom of the adjustment blade are rotatably connected to the upper and lower end walls of the duct cover through corresponding rotating shafts. A drive sprocket is fixedly mounted on each rotating shaft, and the drive sprockets are connected to each other through chain drive.

[0010] Preferably, the ventilation cavity is further provided with a driving component for driving the air duct cover to move horizontally. The driving component includes a drive motor, a drive gear, a rack, a connecting rod, and a fixing rod. The drive motor is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner side of the air duct cover. The output end of the drive motor is fixedly fitted with the drive gear and a transmission sprocket. The drive gear meshes with the rack fixedly installed on the top wall of the ventilation cavity. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the top of the metal cooling plate, and the other end of the connecting rod movably passes into the interior of the ventilation cavity and is fixedly connected to the air duct cover through the fixing rod.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting rod includes a first rod body, a second rod body, and a connecting spring. The top of the first rod body has an axially inwardly extending channel. One end of the second rod body is movably inserted into the channel, and the inserted end of the second rod body is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the channel through the connecting spring. The connecting rod is connected to the fixed rod through the second rod body.

[0012] Preferably, the upper surface of the base is provided with a groove in the horizontal direction, and the bottom of the metal cooling plate is slidably embedded in the groove.

[0013] Preferably, each of the metal cooling plates has a coolant inlet pipe connected to its outer top and a coolant outlet pipe connected to its outer bottom. The coolant inlet pipes of each metal cooling plate are connected in series via connecting hoses, and the coolant outlet pipes of each metal cooling plate are also connected in series via connecting hoses.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) The metal cooling plate provided in this invention can act as heat dissipation fins under non-load working conditions, achieving natural heat dissipation through air circulation inside the box; under load working conditions, the cooling component is driven by the drive component to move closer to the transformer body, and the metal cooling plate and the side of the arc-shaped metal heat dissipation plate are in direct contact, forming a heat conduction method between metals for efficient heat dissipation, and rapidly cooling the transformer body. Coolant is circulated inside the metal cooling plate, which, together with the air duct circulation inside the box, can efficiently remove the heat inside the box and achieve rapid cooling; (2) The air duct of the present invention is fixed in the middle of the side of the metal cooling plate, and the air duct and the sealing plate move synchronously with the metal cooling plate. During the movement of the metal cooling plate, it always maintains a sealed sliding contact with the side of the adjacent metal cooling plate to ensure the airtightness of the composite air duct. The ventilation cavity, the air duct and the inside of the box form a composite closed loop air duct to realize the internal circulation of air and prevent direct exchange with the outside air, effectively avoiding the intrusion of dust, moisture and other pollutants, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the transformer.

[0015] (3) Under load operation, the present invention drives the cooling components to move inward by driving the motor, and at the same time drives each adjusting blade to rotate synchronously by the transmission sprocket and chain, thereby adjusting the ventilation cross section in the ventilation cavity and realizing the on-demand adjustment of air volume. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the box body of this invention.

[0018] Figure 3 : A partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This invention Figure 3 The main view.

[0020] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the cooling component of the present invention before use.

[0021] Figure 6 : A schematic diagram of the cooling component of the present invention after use.

[0022] Figure 7 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the base of this invention.

[0023] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the air duct of the present invention installed on a metal cooling plate.

[0024] Figure 9 : Schematic diagram of the structure of the metal cooling plate of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the damper adjusting component and the driving component of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This invention Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the air duct cover.

[0027] Figure 12 : A schematic diagram of the air duct structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 13 : A schematic diagram of the connecting rod of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 14 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped metal heat sink of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 15 : A diagram showing the state of the arc-shaped metal heat sink plate and the metal cooling plate in contact.

[0031] In the diagram: 01-Enclosure; 110-Moving door; 02-Transformer body; 201-Arc-shaped metal heat sink; 202-Air vent; 203-Metal abutment plate; 03-Ventilation cavity; 04-Cooling fan; 05-Cooling assembly; 510-Metal cooling plate; 511-Coolant inlet pipe; 512-Coolant outlet pipe; 513-Connecting hose; 520-Base; 521-Slide groove; 501-Sealing plate; 06-Air duct; 610-Connection Pipe; 620-Air outlet pipe; 621-Air outlet; 622-Adjusting slats; 07-Temperature sensor; 08-Damper adjustment component; 810-Air duct cover; 820-Adjusting blades; 830-Rotating shaft; 840-Transmission sprocket; 850-Chain; 09-Drive component; 910-Drive motor; 920-Drive gear; 930-Rack; 940-Connecting rod; 941-Rod body one; 942-Rod body two; 943-Connecting spring; 950-Fixing rod. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figure 1-15 As shown, a composite air duct self-cooled dry-type transformer includes a housing 01 and a transformer body 02 installed inside the housing 01. The top of the housing 01 has a ventilation cavity 03, and a cooling fan 04 is fixedly installed inside the ventilation cavity 03. A movable door 110 is opened on the side wall of the housing 01, and a cooling assembly 05 is movably sealed on the movable door 110. Air ducts 06 are fixedly arranged between the cooling assemblies 05. The two ends of the ventilation cavity 03 are connected to the side area of ​​the housing 01 via the air ducts 06.

[0036] The cooling assembly 05 includes multiple horizontally spaced metal cooling plates 510 and a base 520. Each metal cooling plate 510 has a hollow interior and is mounted on the base 520. A sealing plate 501 is fixed to the top side of each metal cooling plate 510. The sidewall of an air duct 06 is fixedly connected to the center of the side of each metal cooling plate 510, and the air duct 06 and the sealing plate 501 form a sealed sliding contact with the sides of adjacent metal cooling plates 510. When the metal cooling plates 510 move, a sealed space is formed inside the housing 01 through the sealing plate 501, the air duct 06, and the metal cooling plates 510, with no connection to the outside, thus achieving a sealed interior.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 14-15 As shown, arc-shaped metal heat sinks (201) are respectively abutted on opposite sides of the transformer body (02). The inner side of the arc-shaped metal heat sink 201 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the transformer body 02. The outer side of the arc-shaped metal heat sink 201 is horizontally connected with metal abutment pieces 203 corresponding to the number of metal cooling plates 510. The metal abutment pieces 203 are used to abut against the side of the metal cooling plates 510, so that the arc-shaped metal heat sink 201 and the metal cooling plates 510 are in direct contact. The heat conduction of the metal is used to quickly conduct heat to the transformer body 02, which can more efficiently conduct heat on the transformer body 02. The arc-shaped metal heat sink 201 is provided with a vent 202. The airflow is blown out from the air outlet 621 of the air duct 06 and blown towards the transformer body 02 from the vent 202.

[0038] Under non-load operating conditions, the transformer body 02 conducts heat away through the arc-shaped metal heat sink 201. No coolant is introduced into the cavity inside the metal cooling plate 510. The metal cooling plate 510 itself acts as a heat dissipation fin. Part of the metal cooling plate 510 is located on the outside of the enclosure for heat dissipation. The metal cooling plate 510 increases the heat dissipation area inside the enclosure 01 and achieves conventional heat dissipation through natural convection.

[0039] Under load conditions, coolant is introduced into the internal cavity of the metal cooling plate 510, circulating within it to absorb heat from the inside of the housing 01. Simultaneously, the cooling fan 04 starts, drawing hot air from inside the housing 01 into the ventilation cavity 03. During this process, the hot air is first cooled by the metal cooling plate 510, then enters the ventilation cavity 03 through the outlet 621, via the outlet pipe 620, and is blown out through the other side's air duct 06. The air is then cooled again by passing through the metal cooling plate 510 in the cooling assembly 05 on the other side, before being blown into the transformer body 02 to cool it. This entire process forms a closed-loop airflow. The metal cooling plate 510 moves and directly contacts the metal contact piece 203 of the arc-shaped metal heat sink 201, achieving metal heat conduction and efficiently dissipating the heat from the arc-shaped metal heat sink 201, thus rapidly cooling the transformer body 02.

[0040] During this process, the coolant circulation inside the metal cooling plate 510 works in conjunction with the airflow circulation inside the enclosure 01 to efficiently remove heat from inside the enclosure 01, achieving rapid cooling. Because the entire air circulation process takes place inside the enclosure 01 and between the ventilation cavity 03 and the air duct 06, without direct exchange with the outside air, it effectively prevents external impurities such as dust and moisture from entering the enclosure 01.

[0041] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, such as Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a temperature sensor 07, which is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface inside the housing 01, and the temperature sensor 07 is electrically connected to the cooling fan 04. The temperature sensor 07 monitors the temperature inside the housing 01 in real time. When the detected temperature exceeds a preset threshold, the airflow of the cooling fan 04 increases; when the temperature drops below the preset threshold, the cooling fan 04 stops working, realizing energy-saving control.

[0042] like Figure 12 As shown, the air duct 06 includes a connecting pipe 610 and an air outlet duct 620. The top of the connecting pipe 610 extends horizontally into the ventilation cavity 03, while the bottom of the connecting pipe 610 bends and extends vertically downward, connecting to the top of the air outlet duct 620. The air outlet duct 620 has a hollow structure, and an air outlet 621 is provided on the side wall of the air outlet duct facing the interior of the housing 01. Air cooled by the ventilation cavity 03 enters the air outlet duct 620 through the connecting pipe 610, and then is blown from the air outlet 621 towards the transformer body 02 inside the housing 01, achieving directional airflow cooling.

[0043] An adjusting slat 622 is fixedly installed on the air outlet 621. The adjusting slat 622 has a triangular cross-section, with its two inclined surfaces facing inwards towards the air outlet 621. When cooling air is blown out of the air outlet 621, it passes through the triangular-section adjusting slat 622. Under the guiding effect of the two inclined surfaces, the airflow is evenly dispersed and its direction is changed, allowing the cool air to be blown out more evenly from the surface of the metal cooling plate 510. This allows the heat of the air to be better absorbed by the metal cooling plate 510, and the blown air is evenly distributed to all areas of the transformer body 02, preventing localized overheating.

[0044] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, a damper adjustment component 08 is also provided inside the ventilation cavity 03. The damper adjustment component 08 includes a duct cover 810, adjusting blades 820, a rotating shaft 830, a drive sprocket 840, and a chain 850. The duct cover 810 is fitted inside the ventilation cavity 03. The top and bottom of the adjusting blades 820 are rotatably connected to the upper and lower end walls of the duct cover 810 via corresponding rotating shafts 830. A drive sprocket 840 is fixedly mounted on each rotating shaft 830, and the drive sprockets 840 are connected to each other via the chain 850. When one of the rotating shafts 830 rotates, the drive sprockets 840 and the chain 850 drive all the adjusting blades 820 to rotate synchronously, thereby achieving synchronous adjustment of the ventilation section inside the duct cover 810.

[0045] The ventilation cavity 03 is also equipped with a drive component 09 for driving the air duct cover 810 to move. The drive component 09 includes a drive motor 910, a drive gear 920, a rack 930, a connecting rod 940, and a fixing rod 950. The drive motor 910 is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner side of the air duct cover 810, and the output end of the drive motor 910 is fixedly fitted with the drive gear 920 and a transmission sprocket 840. The drive gear 920 is meshed with the rack 930, which is fixedly installed on the top wall of the ventilation cavity 03. One end of the connecting rod 940 is fixedly connected to the top of the metal cooling plate 510, and the other end of the connecting rod 940 is movably inserted into the interior of the ventilation cavity 03 and fixedly connected to the air duct cover 810 through the fixing rod 950.

[0046] After the drive motor 910 starts, it drives the drive gear 920 to rotate. The drive gear 920 meshes with the fixed rack 930. Since the rack 930 is stationary, the rotation of the drive gear 920 is converted into a translational movement of the drive motor 910 and the duct cover 810 along the extension direction of the rack 930. When the duct cover 810 translates, it drives the metal cooling plate 510 to move synchronously through the fixed rod 950 and the connecting rod 940. At the same time, the transmission sprocket 840 on the output end of the drive motor 910 drives other transmission sprockets 840 and the rotating shaft 830 to rotate through the chain 850, so that the adjusting blades 820 rotate synchronously and adjust the ventilation section. Therefore, the drive motor 910 can simultaneously realize the position adjustment of the duct cover 810 and the metal cooling plate 510 and the angle adjustment of the adjusting blades 820.

[0047] Under load conditions, the drive motor 910 can drive the air duct cover 810 to move horizontally, causing the metal cooling plate 510 to slide along the base 520 closer to the transformer body 02, absorbing heat from the surface of the transformer body 02 at closer range and improving heat absorption efficiency. Simultaneously, the adjustable blades 820 rotate synchronously, increasing the ventilation cross-section of the ventilation cavity 03 and improving the circulating air volume. Under normal operating conditions, the drive motor 910 reverses direction, moving the metal cooling plate 510 away from the transformer body 02, and the adjustable blades 820 rotate to reduce the ventilation cross-section and lower energy consumption.

[0048] like Figure 13 As shown, the connecting rod 940 includes a first rod body 941, a second rod body 942, and a connecting spring 943. The top of the first rod body 941 has an axially inwardly extending channel. One end of the second rod body 942 is movably inserted into the channel, and the inserted end of the second rod body 942 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the channel via the connecting spring 943. The connecting rod 940 is connected to the fixed rod 950 via the second rod body 942. During the translation of the air duct cover 810 driven by the drive motor 910, when the metal cooling plate 510 slides to its limit position, the connecting spring 943 can absorb excess displacement.

[0049] like Figure 5-7 As shown, a horizontal groove 521 is formed on the upper surface of the base 520, and the bottom of the metal cooling plate 510 is slidably embedded in the groove 521. The metal cooling plate 510 can slide freely in the groove 521 in the horizontal direction, moving closer to or away from the transformer body 02 under the action of the driving component 09. The groove 521 guides and limits the movement of the metal cooling plate 510, ensuring that multiple metal cooling plates 510 are always arranged in parallel and spaced apart. The arc-shaped metal heat sink 201 has an arc-shaped plate structure, which is used to limit the displacement stroke of the metal cooling plate 510, so that the metal cooling plate 510... Figure 6 and Figure 15 The location shown is outside the transformer body 02.

[0050] like Figure 4-6and Figure 9 As shown, each metal cooling plate 510 has a coolant inlet pipe 511 connected to its outer top and a coolant outlet pipe 512 connected to its outer bottom. The coolant inlet pipes 511 of each metal cooling plate 510 are connected in series via connecting hoses 513, and the coolant outlet pipes 512 of each metal cooling plate 510 are also connected in series via connecting hoses 513. Coolant enters from the first coolant inlet pipe 511, flows sequentially through the internal cavities of each metal cooling plate 510, and exits from the last coolant outlet pipe 512, forming a series-connected circulating coolant path. The use of connecting hoses 513 allows the connecting hoses 513 to bend and deform as the metal cooling plates 510 slide along the groove 521, without affecting the normal flow of coolant.

[0051] The coolant is a commonly used transformer cooling medium in the prior art (such as water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, or insulating oil coolant). The coolant is supplied after being cooled by an external refrigeration unit (such as a water chiller or cooling circulation system), and enters the internal cavity of the metal cooling plate 510 through the coolant inlet pipe 511. After absorbing heat, it flows out from the coolant outlet pipe 512 and returns to the external refrigeration unit for circulation and cooling. The cooling and circulation supply method of the coolant is well known in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0053] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite duct self-cooled dry-type transformer, comprising a housing (01) and a transformer body (02) installed inside the housing (01), characterized in that, The top of the housing (01) is constructed with a ventilation cavity (03), and a cooling fan (04) is fixedly installed in the ventilation cavity (03). The side wall of the housing (01) is provided with a movable door (110), and a cooling component (05) is movably sealed on the movable door (110). A guide pipe (06) is fixedly arranged between the cooling components (05). The two ends of the ventilation cavity (03) are connected to the side area of ​​the housing (01) through the guide pipe (06). The cooling assembly (05) includes a plurality of metal cooling plates (510) and a base (520) arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. The metal cooling plates (510) are hollow inside and are disposed on the base (520). A sealing plate (501) is fixed to the top side of the metal cooling plates (510). The side wall of the air guide duct (06) is fixedly connected to the middle of the side of the metal cooling plates (510), and the air guide duct (06) and the sealing plate (501) form a sealed sliding contact with the side of the adjacent metal cooling plates (510). Both sides of the transformer body (02) are provided with arc-shaped metal heat sinks (201), the inner side of each arc-shaped metal heat sink (201) is in contact with the outer wall of the transformer body (02), and the arc-shaped metal heat sink (201) is provided with a ventilation opening (202).

2. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sensor (07), which is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface inside the housing (01), and the temperature sensor (07) is electrically connected to the cooling fan (04).

3. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the arc-shaped metal heat sinks (201) has a plurality of metal abutment pieces (203) fixedly connected at intervals along the horizontal direction on its outer side surface. The number of metal abutment pieces (203) corresponds to the number of metal cooling plates (510), and each of the metal abutment pieces (203) is used to abut against the side of the corresponding metal cooling plate (510) after the cooling assembly (05) moves.

4. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air duct (06) includes a connecting pipe (610) and an air outlet pipe (620). The top of the connecting pipe (610) extends horizontally through and into the ventilation cavity (03). The bottom of the connecting pipe (610) bends and extends vertically downward and connects with the top of the air outlet pipe (620). The air outlet pipe (620) has a hollow structure, and an air outlet (621) is provided on one side wall of the air outlet pipe (620) facing the inside of the box (01).

5. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 4, characterized in that, An adjusting strip (622) is fixedly provided on the air outlet (621). The adjusting strip (622) has a triangular cross section, and the two inclined surfaces of the adjusting strip (622) face inward toward the air outlet (621).

6. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation cavity (03) is also provided with a damper adjustment component (08). The damper adjustment component (08) includes a duct cover (810), an adjustment blade (820), a rotating shaft (830), a transmission sprocket (840), and a chain (850). The duct cover (810) is adapted to be installed inside the ventilation cavity (03). The top and bottom of the adjustment blade (820) are rotatably connected to the upper and lower end walls of the duct cover (810) through the corresponding rotating shaft (830). A transmission sprocket (840) is fixedly mounted on each rotating shaft (830). The transmission sprockets (840) are connected to each other through the chain (850).

7. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ventilation cavity (03) is also provided with a driving component (09) for driving the air duct cover (810) to move. The driving component (09) includes a driving motor (910), a drive gear (920), a rack (930), a connecting rod (940), and a fixing rod (950). The driving motor (910) is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner side of the air duct cover (810). The output end of the driving motor (910) is fixedly fitted with the drive gear (920) and a transmission sprocket (840). The drive gear (920) meshes with the rack (930) fixedly installed on the top wall of the ventilation cavity (03). One end of the connecting rod (940) is fixedly connected to the top of the metal cooling plate (510). The other end of the connecting rod (940) is movably inserted into the interior of the ventilation cavity (03) and fixedly connected to the air duct cover (810) through the fixing rod (950).

8. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting rod (940) includes a first rod body (941), a second rod body (942), and a connecting spring (943). The top of the first rod body (941) has an axially inwardly extending channel. One end of the second rod body (942) is movably inserted into the channel, and the insertion end of the second rod body (942) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the channel through the connecting spring (943). The connecting rod (940) is connected to the fixed rod (950) through the second rod body (942).

9. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the base (520) is provided with a groove (521) in the horizontal direction, and the bottom of the metal cooling plate (510) is slidably embedded in the groove (521).

10. The self-cooled dry-type transformer with composite air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the metal cooling plates (510) has a coolant inlet pipe (511) connected to its outer top and a coolant outlet pipe (512) connected to its outer bottom. The coolant inlet pipes (511) of each metal cooling plate (510) are connected in series via connecting hoses (513), and the coolant outlet pipes (512) of each metal cooling plate (510) are also connected in series via connecting hoses (513).

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