A transformer multi-parameter comprehensive protection device and a control system thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of power equipment protection, and discloses a transformer multi-parameter comprehensive protection device, which comprises a shell, the shell is communicated with a transformer oil tank, a gas collection cavity is arranged in the shell, a gas generation rate sensor is arranged in the gas collection cavity, a pressure sensor and a pressure alarm switch for collecting pressure changes are integrated on the shell, an oil temperature sensor, a double temperature controller and a direct-reading temperature gauge for collecting temperature data are arranged on the shell, and an oil sample collection valve for sampling is mounted on the top of the shell. The present application extracts the gas, pressure and temperature change rates through a control system, combines preset baseline and external markers to perform cross-validation logic, discriminates against latent faults, sudden serious faults and external physical interference states, and accordingly performs a graded protection response of early warning, sampling or tripping, effectively overcomes the defects of single parameter misoperation and maloperation, and improves the operation safety of the transformer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment protection technology, specifically to a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device and its control system. Background Technology

[0002] Power transformers are core hub equipment in power systems, and their safe and stable operation directly affects the reliability of the entire power grid. Especially for oil-immersed transformers with voltage levels of 35kV and below, which are widely used in urban and rural distribution networks, industrial users, and new energy power plants, the reliability and economy of their protection schemes are of paramount importance.

[0003] Currently, protection schemes for such transformers generally exhibit a fragmented configuration. Key functions such as gas protection, pressure protection, temperature monitoring, and even oil sample collection are typically implemented by multiple independent devices. This decentralized structure leads to numerous technical problems: First, it makes the secondary circuit design of the transformer exceptionally complex. Numerous external wiring not only increases the workload of installation and commissioning but also introduces more potential fault points, resulting in lengthy troubleshooting and high maintenance costs. Second, for the compact 10kV fully sealed distribution transformer, its limited external space poses significant challenges to the stacking and installation of multiple independent protection devices. This not only makes layout difficult but may also affect the necessary insulation distances between devices. Furthermore, excessive openings and sealed interfaces increase the risk of insulating oil leakage.

[0004] To address the aforementioned physical structure issues, integrated protection devices combining multiple protection functions have emerged in the industry. However, while these existing integrated devices have solved the installation problem, their internal protection logic largely still relies on traditional discrete thinking. Even when integrated into a single housing, the gas, pressure, and temperature protection functions remain independent in their decision-making, each acting based on a fixed threshold value for a single physical quantity. This static, single-threshold-based protection logic presents a fundamental technical challenge: its sensitivity and reliability are mutually constrained and difficult to balance. If the action threshold is set too low to improve sensitivity, the transformer is prone to false tripping during normal operation disturbances or encountering external non-fault interference; conversely, if the threshold is set too high to ensure reliability, the protection device will be unable to accurately detect the nascent stage of a fault. More importantly, this logic cannot perform in-depth fault diagnosis, cannot effectively distinguish between slowly developing latent faults and instantaneous, sudden, severe faults, and cannot identify external physical interference, resulting in a lack of precision and specificity in its protection actions, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern power grids for refined and intelligent equipment management. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-parameter integrated protection device for transformers and its control system, which solves the problems of fragmented functions, susceptibility to malfunction, difficulty in installation, and inability to achieve accurate fault classification response in traditional transformer protection devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device, comprising a housing, the housing being connected to the transformer oil tank, a gas collecting chamber being provided inside the housing, a gas generation rate sensor being installed in the gas collecting chamber, a pressure sensor and a pressure alarm switch being integrated on the housing for collecting pressure changes, an oil temperature sensor, a dual temperature controller and a direct-reading temperature gauge being arranged on the housing for collecting temperature data, and an oil sample collection valve for sampling being installed on the top of the housing.

[0007] Preferably, the housing is further provided with an oil level indicator component, which includes a transparent vernier tube that communicates with the gas collection chamber. A float is provided inside the transparent vernier tube to indicate the oil level and gas accumulation status in the gas collection chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure sensor is a dynamic pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor and the pressure alarm switch are integrated together on one side of the housing; the oil temperature sensor, the dual temperature controller and the direct-reading temperature gauge are arranged together on the other side of the housing.

[0009] A control system for a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device includes: The signal processing and feature extraction module is used to simultaneously receive the raw gas signal from the gas generation rate sensor, the raw pressure signal from the pressure sensor, and the raw temperature signal from the oil temperature sensor, and perform filtering, noise reduction, and analog-to-digital conversion processing to independently extract the gas generation rate, pressure change rate, and temperature rise change rate. The fault status assessment module has built-in latent fault baseline, severe fault baseline and normal fluctuation baseline. It is used to perform cross-validation logic based on the gas generation rate, pressure change rate, temperature rise change rate and external impact event flag to distinguish the current operating status of the transformer. The graded protection response module is used to execute differentiated graded action responses based on the determined different operating conditions.

[0010] Preferably, when performing cross-validation logic, the fault status assessment module is specifically used for: When the gas generation rate, the pressure change rate, and the temperature rise change rate are detected to simultaneously exceed their respective severe fault baselines, and the external impact event flag is identified, the three parameters are simultaneously exceeded and the logic is satisfied, and the state is determined to be a sudden severe fault. A fixed observation window is set. If the gas generation rate is continuously higher than the latent fault baseline within the window, while the pressure change rate and the temperature rise change rate are both lower than the severe fault baseline, and there are no external impact event indicators, the continuous gas production exclusion check is satisfied, and the state is determined to be a latent fault.

[0011] Preferably, the hierarchical protection response module is specifically used for: When a latent fault is detected, a remote early warning signal is uploaded, full-dimensional monitoring data is automatically stored, and the oil sample collection valve at the top is triggered to take a sample. When a sudden and severe fault is detected, a trip control signal is output without delay to drive the transformer output circuit breaker to open and cut off the power supply.

[0012] Preferably, when processing the original pressure signal, the signal processing and feature extraction module is specifically used for: The instantaneous abrupt change characteristics of the original pressure signal during oil flow impact are extracted. By calculating the rate of pressure change rise, the instantaneous fluctuation intensity of oil pressure is quantified to obtain the pressure change rate.

[0013] Preferably, the gas generation rate sensor is a resonant surface acoustic wave sensor based on thin film surface adsorption; The signal processing and feature extraction module, when processing the raw gas signal, is specifically used for: The inherent resonant frequency shift of the sensor is tracked in real time, and the gas generation rate is obtained by converting the frequency change rate, thus quantifying the incremental gas production per unit time due to the fault.

[0014] Preferably, when processing the original temperature signal, the signal processing and feature extraction module is specifically used for: The rate of temperature change is obtained by performing a differential operation on the sampled values ​​of the continuous original temperature signal; The effective temperature rise range is defined as 20℃ to 120℃, and the overheating risk is determined by combining the transformer's reference temperature with the preset temperature rise threshold.

[0015] Preferably, the fault status assessment module is also used to execute external physical interference identification logic: When an external impact event is detected, but the gas generation rate and the pressure change rate are both within the normal fluctuation baseline, it is determined to be an external physical interference condition that is not a equipment failure. The protection action command is actively blocked, and only the event log is recorded.

[0016] This invention provides a multi-parameter integrated protection device for transformers and its control system. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention extracts three dynamic characteristic quantities—gas generation rate, pressure change rate, and temperature rise change rate—and combines them with external impact event indicators to execute cross-validation logic. When a transformer encounters external impact or mechanical vibration, the system can identify the external physical interference condition and actively block trip commands based on the condition that the gas, pressure, and temperature parameters are within the normal fluctuation baseline. This multi-parameter joint judgment mechanism overcomes the shortcomings of traditional single-parameter methods (such as relying solely on mechanical heavy gas or pressure relief valves) which are easily affected by vibration and thus prone to false tripping, improving the judgment accuracy of the protection system.

[0017] 2. This invention establishes corresponding response strategies for fault states of varying severity. When a low-risk, latent fault is identified, the system only sends an early warning and triggers the top oil sampling valve to automatically retain insulating oil samples, providing physical testing material for predictive maintenance, without directly disconnecting the transformer, thus ensuring normal power supply. When a high-energy, sudden, severe fault is identified, the system instantly outputs a trip command to cut off the power supply. This tiered response mechanism changes the previous "one-size-fits-all" action mode, making the protection actions more aligned with actual operating conditions.

[0018] 3. The device of this invention integrates multiple independent components such as gas monitoring, pressure sensing, and temperature control into a single housing structure, and connects to the transformer oil tank through a unified interface. This reduces the number of openings on the outer wall of the transformer body, thereby reducing the risk of insulating oil leakage from a physical structural perspective. Simultaneously, the oil sample collection valve and transparent vernier tube located at the top of the housing allow maintenance personnel to visually inspect the internal gas accumulation status and safely and quickly extract characteristic oil samples without affecting transformer operation, simplifying the daily inspection and troubleshooting process.

[0019] 4. This invention integrates multiple core functional modules such as gas protection, pressure protection, temperature monitoring, liquid level display, and online oil sample collection into a single housing. Through optimized internal structure and bus design, it greatly simplifies the secondary circuit and significantly reduces installation space (by up to 80%) and the number of sealing interfaces (by up to 90%). This highly integrated design not only reduces installation complexity and potential leakage risks, but also specifically solves the pain point of difficult installation of multiple devices on fully sealed distribution transformers with limited space, thus improving the overall reliability and applicability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position relationship between the transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device of the present invention and the transformer; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of one side of the housing of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the housing of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a control system architecture diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] The components include: 1. Housing; 2. Gas generation rate sensor; 3. Pressure alarm switch; 4. Pressure sensor; 5. Dual temperature controller; 6. Direct-reading temperature gauge; 7. Oil temperature sensor; 8. Float; 9. Oil sample collection valve; and 10. Transparent vernier tube. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See attached document Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 A multi-parameter integrated protection device for transformers includes a housing 1. The housing 1 is connected to the transformer oil tank. A gas collection chamber is provided inside the housing 1. A gas generation rate sensor 2 is installed in the gas collection chamber. A pressure sensor 4 for collecting pressure changes and a pressure alarm switch 3 are integrated on the housing 1. An oil temperature sensor 7, a dual temperature controller 5 and a direct-reading temperature gauge 6 are also arranged on the housing 1 for collecting temperature data. An oil sample collection valve 9 for sampling is installed on the top of the housing 1.

[0024] Specifically, this device uses a housing 1 as its basic structure, connected to the transformer tank via flanges or pipelines. The insulating oil and gases generated during decomposition inside the transformer enter the housing 1. The gas collection chamber within the housing 1 serves as a gas collection and buffer area, where a gas generation rate sensor 2 is installed to acquire data on the gas accumulation process. The top-mounted oil sample collection valve 9 is either electromagnetically or manually controlled. During equipment alarms or routine inspections, it is used to extract insulating oil samples from the housing 1 for subsequent chromatographic analysis, reducing the need for openings in the transformer body.

[0025] The housing 1 is also provided with an oil level indicator assembly, which includes a transparent vernier tube 10. The transparent vernier tube 10 is connected to the gas collection chamber, and a float 8 is provided inside the transparent vernier tube 10 to indicate the oil level and gas accumulation status in the gas collection chamber.

[0026] Specifically, the transparent vernier tube 10 is vertically installed on the outer wall of the housing 1. Based on the principle of communicating vessels, its internal space is connected to the gas collecting chamber inside the housing 1. The float 8 floats above the oil surface inside the transparent vernier tube 10. When gas is generated inside the transformer and accumulates at the top of the gas collecting chamber, the change in gas pressure causes the oil level in the gas collecting chamber and the transparent vernier tube 10 to drop. By observing the position of the float 8 inside the transparent vernier tube 10, the oil level and the amount of gas accumulated in the gas collecting chamber can be determined.

[0027] Pressure sensor 4 is a dynamic pressure sensor. Pressure sensor 4 and pressure alarm switch 3 are integrated together on one side of housing 1; oil temperature sensor 7, dual temperature controller 5 and direct-reading temperature gauge 6 are arranged together on the other side of housing 1.

[0028] Specifically, the split-side integrated spatial layout design helps reduce interference between different monitoring components. On one side of housing 1, pressure sensor 4 employs a dynamic response design to acquire instantaneous oil flow pressure changes when a fault occurs inside the transformer; pressure alarm switch 3 serves as mechanical backup protection, providing a basic pressure threshold alarm in case of system control anomalies. On the other side of housing 1, in the temperature assembly, oil temperature sensor 7 outputs an electrical signal for system analysis, dual temperature controller 5 controls the start and stop of the transformer cooling system, and direct-reading temperature gauge 6 is used to read oil temperature data on-site.

[0029] See attached document Figure 4 A control system for a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device includes: The signal processing and feature extraction module is used to simultaneously receive the raw gas signal from the gas generation rate sensor 2, the raw pressure signal from the pressure sensor 4, and the raw temperature signal from the oil temperature sensor 7, and perform filtering, noise reduction, and analog-to-digital conversion processing to independently extract the gas generation rate, pressure change rate, and temperature rise change rate. The fault status assessment module has built-in latent fault baseline, severe fault baseline and normal fluctuation baseline. It is used to perform cross-validation logic based on gas generation rate, pressure change rate, temperature rise change rate and external impact event flags to distinguish the current operating status of the transformer. The graded protection response module is used to execute differentiated graded action responses based on the determined different operating conditions.

[0030] Specifically, the hardware foundation of this control system is an embedded control unit (such as a microcontroller, DSP, or FPGA). This unit synchronously receives analog signals from the aforementioned sensors via an analog-to-digital converter and converts them into digital sequences. The signal processing and feature extraction module processes the received data into three dynamic feature quantities and event flags; the fault status analysis module performs logical operations using an internally set preset baseline (the baseline value is calibrated based on the transformer capacity and historical operating data); finally, the hierarchical protection response module outputs corresponding warning or tripping commands based on the analysis results.

[0031] When performing cross-validation logic, the fault status assessment module is specifically used for: When the gas generation rate, pressure change rate, and temperature rise change rate are detected to exceed their respective severe fault baselines simultaneously, and the external impact event flag is identified as being set to 1, the three parameters are simultaneously exceeded and the logic is satisfied, and the state is determined to be a sudden severe fault. A fixed observation window is set. If the gas generation rate is consistently higher than the latent fault baseline within this window, while the pressure change rate and temperature rise change rate are both lower than the severe fault baseline, and there are no external impact event indicators, the continuous gas generation exclusion check is satisfied, and the state is determined to be a latent fault.

[0032] Specifically, sudden high-energy faults (such as inter-turn short circuits) will cause insulating oil to vaporize, oil pressure to rise and temperature to change in a short period of time. The system confirms this state by checking whether the three parameters exceed the limits simultaneously. For latent faults such as local overheating or insulation aging, the development process is slower. The system sets a fixed observation window (e.g., 30 minutes) and determines whether there is a latent fault in the equipment by verifying that the gas production rate continuously exceeds the baseline and there are no sudden changes in pressure and temperature.

[0033] The graded protection response module is specifically used for: when a latent fault condition is determined, uploading a remote early warning signal, automatically storing full-dimensional monitoring data, and triggering the top oil sample collection valve 9 to take samples; when a sudden serious fault condition is determined, outputting a trip control signal without delay to drive the transformer outlet circuit breaker to trip and cut off the power supply.

[0034] Specifically, this module executes corresponding actions for different operating conditions. When a latent fault is detected, the system does not cut off the power supply, but sends an early warning to the background through the communication interface, and drives the electromagnetic mechanism of the oil sample collection valve 9 to retain the current insulating oil sample, providing an analysis sample for subsequent maintenance; when a sudden serious fault is detected, the system sends a trip signal without delay to the circuit breaker trip coil, disconnecting the transformer and preventing further damage to the equipment.

[0035] The signal processing and feature extraction module, when processing the raw pressure signal, is specifically used to: extract the instantaneous abrupt change characteristics of the raw pressure signal when oil flow impact occurs, and obtain the pressure change rate by calculating the rate of pressure change rise and quantifying the instantaneous fluctuation intensity of oil pressure.

[0036] Specifically, the raw pressure signal is filtered by a bandpass filter to remove power frequency interference and high-frequency noise before entering the system. After analog-to-digital sampling, the system obtains a discrete pressure time series. The module performs numerical differentiation on the sequence, calculated using the following formula: ; in, This represents the pressure value at the current sampling time. This is the pressure value at the previous sampling time. The sampling time interval. The calculated rate of pressure change. It is used to quantify the intensity of oil pressure fluctuations caused by internal arc expansion, and to exclude pressure changes caused by slow changes in ambient temperature.

[0037] The gas generation rate sensor 2 is a resonant surface acoustic wave sensor based on thin film surface adsorption; when processing the raw gas signal, the signal processing and feature extraction module is specifically used to: track the inherent resonant frequency shift of the sensor in real time, obtain the gas generation rate by converting the frequency change rate, and quantify the fault gas generation increment per unit time.

[0038] Specifically, the resonant surface acoustic wave sensor is coated with a thin film sensitive to characteristic gases of transformer faults (such as hydrogen and acetylene). When the film adsorbs the fault gas, the total mass of the sensor increases, causing its inherent resonant frequency to... An offset occurs. The module's built-in circuitry tracks this frequency change and calculates the gas generation rate using a differential relationship. : ; in, To calibrate the sensitivity coefficient, this formula converts the frequency offset rate into a gas production increment index.

[0039] The signal processing and feature extraction module, when processing the raw temperature signal, specifically performs the following: performs differential calculations on the sampled values ​​of the continuous raw temperature signal to obtain the rate of temperature rise; defines 20℃ to 120℃ as the effective temperature rise range, and determines the overheating risk by combining the transformer's reference temperature with a preset temperature rise threshold. Specifically, after filtering the raw temperature signal, the module uses a formula... ; Calculate the rate of change of temperature rise (Right now Meanwhile, the module is set with the following temperature rise alarm judgment formula: ; In the formula, Indicates the initial reference temperature of the equipment. This indicates the preset alarm temperature rise value within the range of 20℃ to 120℃. When the difference between the current temperature and the reference temperature is greater than or equal to the preset value (i.e., ... When an overheating risk is identified, a corresponding event marker is generated and incorporated into the joint analysis.

[0040] The fault status assessment module is also used to execute external physical interference identification logic: when there is an external impact event indicator, but the gas generation rate and pressure change rate are within the normal fluctuation baseline, it is determined to be an external physical interference condition that is not a equipment fault, actively shielding the protection action command and only recording the event log.

[0041] Specifically, when the transformer body encounters an external impact or vibration, the system receives a signal and generates an external impact event flag. At this time, since no short circuit or discharge occurs in the transformer's internal electrical circuit, the insulating oil remains stable, and the cross-calculated gas generation rate and pressure change rate are both within the normal fluctuation baseline. Based on this, the system determines that the event is an external physical interference and blocks the tripping action command to prevent the protection device from malfunctioning due to external mechanical vibration.

[0042] To further illustrate the working process of the device and control system of the present invention, the following describes it through three typical operating scenarios: Scenario 1: Identification and Response Process for Latent Faults: This scenario corresponds to a slowly developing fault such as localized overheating of the transformer windings. A trace amount of gas is generated inside the transformer. The gas generation rate sensor 2 detects an increase in gas concentration. The signal processing and feature extraction module calculates that the gas generation rate is higher than the latent fault baseline but lower than the severe fault baseline. During this process, the pressure change rate remains stable and there are no external impact events. The fault status assessment module confirms that the gas generation rate continuously exceeds the baseline within a preset observation window, classifying it as a latent fault state. The tiered protection response module sends an early warning signal to the backend, stores the data for that period, and controls the oil sample collection valve 9 to collect oil samples for offline analysis.

[0043] Scenario 2: Identification and Response Process for Sudden and Serious Faults: This scenario corresponds to a sudden fault such as an inter-turn short circuit inside the transformer. The insulating oil vaporizes upon heating, generating pressure surges and temperature jumps. The control system calculates that the gas generation rate, pressure change rate, and temperature rise rate simultaneously exceed their respective severe fault baselines, and the external surge event flag is set to one. The fault status assessment module determines it to be a sudden severe fault state based on the synchronous over-limit conditions. The tiered protection response module then outputs a time-delayed trip signal to the circuit breaker trip coil, disconnecting the faulty transformer.

[0044] Scenario 3: Identification and Suppression Process of External Physical Interference: This scenario corresponds to a transformer itself not experiencing an electrical fault, but the tank being subjected to external physical impact or mechanical vibration. Physical vibration causes the external impact event flag to be set to 1. The fault status assessment module cross-validates the gas generation rate and pressure change rate. Since no abnormal decomposition has occurred in the internal insulating oil, all calculated parameters are below the fault baseline and within the normal fluctuation range. Based on this, the system determines it to be an external interference event, suppresses the alarm or trip response, and records the event time and status in the system log.

[0045] Working principle: When using this device, firstly, the gas collecting chamber inside the housing 1 is connected to the transformer oil tank. The gas generation rate sensor 2 inside tracks the resonant frequency shift caused by the adsorption of fault gas in real time to quantify the gas generation increment per unit time. The transparent vernier tube 10 connected to the outside of the housing 1 and the float 8 inside it simultaneously and intuitively display the oil and gas accumulation status of the gas collecting chamber. Meanwhile, the pressure sensor 4 and pressure alarm switch 3 integrated on one side of the housing 1 monitor oil pressure changes in real time and provide backup mechanical protection. On the other side, the oil temperature sensor 7, dual temperature controller 5 and direct-reading temperature gauge 6 continuously acquire oil temperature change data, while the oil sample collection valve 9 installed on the top of the housing 1 is used for offline chromatographic analysis sampling when a fault occurs. Subsequently, the signal processing and feature extraction module synchronously receives the raw physical signals from the gas generation rate sensor 2, pressure sensor 4 and oil temperature sensor 7, and independently extracts the gas generation rate, pressure change rate and temperature rise rate after filtering, noise reduction and analog-to-digital conversion. Next, the fault status assessment module combines these three dynamic characteristic quantities with external impact event indicators for cross-validation. When the three parameters simultaneously exceed their respective severe fault baselines and the impact indicator is set to 1, it is determined to be a sudden severe fault. When only the gas generation rate is continuously higher than the latent fault baseline within a fixed observation window and there are no abnormal pressure, temperature rise, or external impact indicators, it is determined to be an exclusive latent fault. When only the impact indicator exists and all parameters are within the normal fluctuation baseline, it is identified as external physical interference. Finally, the graded protection response module performs differentiated actions based on the above judgment results. When a latent fault is judged, it uploads a remote early warning, records data, and automatically triggers the oil sampling valve 9 to take samples. When a sudden serious fault is judged, it outputs a trip signal without delay to cut off the transformer power supply. Under external interference or normal conditions, it actively shields the action instructions and only records the log.

Claims

1. A transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that, The housing (1) is connected to the transformer oil tank. The housing (1) has a gas collection chamber inside. A gas generation rate sensor (2) is installed in the gas collection chamber. The housing (1) integrates a pressure sensor (4) for collecting pressure changes and a pressure alarm switch (3). The housing (1) is also equipped with an oil temperature sensor (7), a dual temperature controller (5), and a direct-reading temperature gauge (6) for collecting temperature data. An oil sample collection valve (9) for sampling is installed on the top of the housing (1).

2. The transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) is also provided with an oil level indicator component, which includes a transparent vernier tube (10) that is connected to the gas collection chamber. A float (8) is provided inside the transparent vernier tube (10) to indicate the oil level and gas accumulation status in the gas collection chamber.

3. The transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (4) is a dynamic pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor (4) and the pressure alarm switch (3) are integrated together on one side of the housing (1); the oil temperature sensor (7), the dual temperature controller (5) and the direct-reading temperature gauge (6) are arranged together on the other side of the housing (1).

4. A control system for a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device, applied to the transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The signal processing and feature extraction module is used to synchronously receive the original gas signal from the gas generation rate sensor (2), the original pressure signal from the pressure sensor (4) and the original temperature signal from the oil temperature sensor (7), and perform filtering, noise reduction and analog-to-digital conversion processing to independently extract the gas generation rate, pressure change rate and temperature rise change rate. The fault status assessment module has built-in latent fault baseline, severe fault baseline and normal fluctuation baseline. It is used to perform cross-validation logic based on the gas generation rate, pressure change rate, temperature rise change rate and external impact event flag to distinguish the current operating status of the transformer. The graded protection response module is used to execute differentiated graded action responses based on the determined different operating conditions.

5. The control system of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, When performing cross-validation logic, the fault status assessment module is specifically used for: When the gas generation rate, the pressure change rate, and the temperature rise change rate are detected to simultaneously exceed their respective severe fault baselines, and the external impact event flag is identified as being set to 1, the three parameters are simultaneously exceeded by the logic, and the state is determined to be a sudden severe fault. A fixed observation window is set. If the gas generation rate is continuously higher than the latent fault baseline within the window, while the pressure change rate and the temperature rise change rate are both lower than the severe fault baseline, and there are no external impact event indicators, the continuous gas production exclusion check is satisfied, and the state is determined to be a latent fault.

6. The control system of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hierarchical protection response module is specifically used for: When a latent fault is identified, a remote early warning signal is uploaded, full-dimensional monitoring data is automatically stored, and the oil sample collection valve (9) at the top is triggered to take a sample. When a sudden and severe fault is detected, a trip control signal is output without delay to drive the transformer output circuit breaker to open and cut off the power supply.

7. The control system of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The signal processing and feature extraction module, when processing the original pressure signal, is specifically used for: The instantaneous abrupt change characteristics of the original pressure signal during oil flow impact are extracted. By calculating the rate of pressure change rise, the instantaneous fluctuation intensity of oil pressure is quantified to obtain the pressure change rate.

8. The control system of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas generation rate sensor (2) is a resonant surface acoustic wave sensor based on thin film surface adsorption; The signal processing and feature extraction module, when processing the raw gas signal, is specifically used for: The inherent resonant frequency shift of the sensor is tracked in real time, and the gas generation rate is obtained by converting the frequency change rate, thus quantifying the incremental gas production per unit time due to the fault.

9. The control system of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The signal processing and feature extraction module, when processing the original temperature signal, is specifically used for: The rate of temperature change is obtained by performing a differential operation on the sampled values ​​of the continuous original temperature signal; The effective temperature rise range is defined as 20℃ to 120℃, and the overheating risk is determined by combining the transformer's reference temperature with the preset temperature rise threshold.

10. The control system of a transformer multi-parameter integrated protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fault status assessment module is also used to execute external physical interference identification logic: When an external impact event is detected, but the gas generation rate and the pressure change rate are both within the normal fluctuation baseline, it is determined to be an external physical interference condition that is not a equipment failure. The protection action command is actively blocked, and only the event log is recorded.

Images