A circuit breaker

Abstract

The application discloses a circuit breaker, which comprises a housing assembly, an arc extinguishing unit, a tripping execution unit, a contact assembly, an exhaust flow guide assembly, a wiring isolation assembly and a test power taking assembly. The exhaust flow guide assembly comprises a shunt passage, a flow guide passage, a partition rib, a first pressure relief port and a second pressure relief port. The shunt passage is formed by a grid section. The partition rib separates the exhaust airflow into an upper exhaust area and a lower exhaust area. The first pressure relief port and the second pressure relief port are connected through the flow guide passage and the air guide port, a sinking groove and a gap cavity, respectively. The wiring isolation assembly is physically isolated from the exhaust flow guide assembly. The test power taking assembly realizes the timing control of the active contact first contacting the power taking elastic member and then being separated. The application integrates the functions of exhaust flow guide, wiring isolation and test power taking, realizes the directional discharge of arc gas, the internal line isolation protection and the circuit board first being powered and then being powered off, and improves the breaking capacity, reliability and service life of the circuit breaker.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuit breaker technology, specifically to a circuit breaker, and more particularly to a circuit breaker that integrates an exhaust flow guiding structure, a wiring isolation structure, and a test power supply structure. Background Technology

[0002] As a core protection component of power distribution systems, circuit breakers are responsible for protecting against overload, short circuit, and leakage faults. Their operational stability, structural integration, and service life directly determine the safety and reliability of the power distribution system. In practical applications, existing circuit breakers commonly suffer from two major technical problems: defects in the exhaust wiring structure and aging and failure of the power supply structure for leakage testing. These issues severely restrict the overall performance of the products.

[0003] Regarding the exhaust wiring structure, when a circuit breaker experiences a short-circuit breaking fault, a high-temperature, high-pressure arc gas is instantly generated between the contacts, containing high-temperature steam and metal particles. Existing circuit breakers have independent and fragmented exhaust and wiring structures, lacking dedicated directional flow channels, resulting in severe turbulence and backflow of the arc gas. High-temperature fumes can directly burn internal electronic components, current transformers, copper busbars, and wires, easily damaging the circuitry and causing secondary circuit failure. Simultaneously, disordered exhaust can easily cause phase-to-phase arcing short circuits, expanding the fault range. In traditional circuit breakers, the wires and current transformers are directly exposed beside the exhaust path of the arc-extinguishing chamber; high-temperature metal particles can easily scratch the insulated wires and puncture the transformer insulation layer. Conventional wiring lacks a fixed limiting structure; a single open-hole exhaust will create internal eddy currents, resulting in high exhaust resistance, low pressure relief efficiency, and delayed pressure release in the arc-extinguishing chamber, significantly reducing the circuit breaker's short-circuit breaking performance limit.

[0004] Regarding the power supply structure for leakage current testing, existing leakage current testing devices for circuit breakers generally consist of a conductive ring, a test button, a button spring, and other mechanical metal parts. After long-term switching operation, the surface of the spring and metal parts is prone to the formation of metal oxide and carbon deposits, leading to increased contact resistance and excessive heat generation. Long-term use can easily cause faults such as poor contact, leakage current malfunction, or protection failure. Furthermore, traditional test circuits rely on the main contact circuit being fully closed before connection can occur. The circuit board and main contacts are energized synchronously. At the moment the circuit breaker opens, the circuit board experiences a momentary power loss. The surge and high-voltage induced current generated during the opening process can easily damage the circuit board chips and voltage regulator components, significantly shortening the circuit board's lifespan and reducing the stability of leakage current detection and protection.

[0005] In summary, existing circuit breakers cannot simultaneously achieve efficient directional safety venting, orderly isolated wiring, and stable, long-term test power supply. Their functional structures interfere with each other, exhibit significant performance shortcomings, and suffer from low overall integration, high failure rate, and short service life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an integrated circuit breaker that combines the venting and flow guiding structure, wiring isolation structure, and test power supply structure into a single unit, thereby addressing the aforementioned technical deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. Its structural design is reasonable. By integrating the exhaust flow guiding component, wiring isolation component and test power supply component into the circuit breaker, it realizes the directional diversion and discharge of arc gas, internal wiring isolation and protection, and the timing control of the test circuit to be powered on and then de-energized. It effectively solves the technical problems of exhaust wiring structure defects and leakage test power supply structure aging failure in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A circuit breaker includes a housing assembly comprising a first pole base, a second pole base, a first pole isolating seat, and a second pole isolating cover. The first pole base is connected to the first pole isolating seat, the second pole base is connected to the second pole isolating cover, and the first pole isolating seat is connected to the second pole isolating cover. An arc-extinguishing unit is disposed on the first pole base. A contact assembly includes a fixed contact and a movable contact, the movable contact and the fixed contact being able to abut or separate. An exhaust guiding assembly includes a diversion channel, a guiding channel, a partition rib, a first pressure relief port, and a second pressure relief port. The diversion channel is formed by a grid segment disposed on the first pole base and located on one side of the arc-extinguishing unit. The partition rib is disposed on the first pole base and connected to the grid segment, located on the side of the diversion channel away from the arc-extinguishing unit. The partition rib divides the side area of ​​the grid segment into an upper exhaust area and a lower exhaust area. The diversion channel communicates with both the upper and lower exhaust areas simultaneously. The guiding channel communicates with the lower exhaust area. The guiding channel is inclined downwards as a whole, and its end is connected to the first pressure relief port. The exhaust zone is equipped with an air duct, which is enclosed by a notch on the first pole base and a first pole isolation seat. A gap cavity communicating with the air duct is formed between the first pole isolation seat and the second pole isolation cover. The end of the gap cavity is connected to the second pressure relief port. The wiring isolation assembly includes an isolation plate and a wiring groove formed on the isolation plate. The wiring isolation assembly is located on the second pole base and is physically isolated from the exhaust flow guide assembly through the first pole isolation seat and the second pole isolation cover. The test power supply assembly includes a test button, a circuit board, a power supply elastic element, a button elastic element, and a conductive contact. The circuit board is electrically connected to the conductive contact. One end of the power supply elastic element can abut against the movable contact, and the other end of the power supply elastic element is electrically connected to the button elastic element. During the closing process, the movable contact contacts the power supply elastic element before contacting the fixed contact, so that the circuit board is energized first. During the opening process, the movable contact disengages from the power supply elastic element only after disengaging from the fixed contact, so that the circuit board loses power after a delay.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the circuit breaker integrates three core functional structures: an exhaust and flow guiding assembly, a wiring isolation assembly, and a test power supply assembly. In the exhaust and flow guiding assembly, the diversion channel is formed by a grid section on the first pole base, located on one side of the arc-extinguishing unit. When the circuit breaker short-circuit breaks and generates high-temperature, high-pressure arc gas, the gas first passes through the arc-extinguishing unit and then enters the diversion channel, where it performs initial diversion of the high-temperature gas. Separating ribs divide the side area of ​​the grid section into an upper exhaust zone and a lower exhaust zone. The gas discharged from the diversion channel is divided into upper and lower paths by the separating ribs. One path of gas enters the lower exhaust zone and is discharged along the downward-sloping guide channel, finally exiting the casing from the first pressure relief port. The downward-sloping guide channel utilizes the weight of the high-temperature gas and the pressure difference to achieve directional flow, resulting in low exhaust resistance and high pressure relief efficiency. The other path of gas enters the upper exhaust zone, enters the gap cavity between the first pole isolation seat and the second pole isolation cover through the air guide port, and finally exits from the second pressure relief port. Two sets of pressure relief ports correspond to the upper and lower exhaust airflows respectively, forming a dual-channel directional diversion exhaust structure, effectively avoiding the problems of internal vortices and untimely pressure release caused by single-hole exhaust. The wiring isolation component is located on the second pole base and is physically isolated from the exhaust guide component through the first pole isolation base and the second pole isolation cover. The exhaust airflow has no direct convective contact with the wires, sensing elements, and circuit board, eliminating the burning damage of high-temperature gas to the internal electronic components. In the test power-taking component, when closing, the moving contact contacts the power-taking elastic element before contacting the fixed contact, and the circuit board is powered on in advance. This ensures that if a fault or leakage occurs at the moment of closing the main circuit, the circuit board can immediately drive the tripping execution unit to act. When opening, the moving contact disengages from the power-taking elastic element only after disengaging from the fixed contact, and the circuit board loses power after a delay, avoiding the surge voltage at the moment of disconnection from damaging the circuit board chip and voltage regulator components. This circuit breaker integrates the three major functions of exhaust, wiring, and power taking, with a compact structure, good protection, and long service life.

[0009] Preferably, the side of the first pole isolation seat corresponding to the air guide port is an air guide plate, and the bottom of the air guide plate is provided with an air inlet slot. The air inlet slot is flared in an inclined or trumpet shape corresponding to the second pole isolation cover. The air inlet slot guides the high-temperature gas in the upper exhaust zone into the gap cavity through the air guide port. The second pole isolation cover is provided with a recessed groove at the position corresponding to the air guide port. The recessed groove is connected to the gap cavity.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the air guide plate is located on the side of the first pole isolation seat corresponding to the air guide port. The air inlet slot at the bottom of the air guide plate has an inclined or flared shape. This flared shape guides and gathers the high-temperature gas in the upper exhaust zone, reducing the flow resistance of the gas entering the air guide port. Under the guidance of the air inlet slot, the high-temperature gas smoothly enters the gap cavity through the air guide port and the recessed groove, improving the exhaust efficiency of the upper exhaust channel, while avoiding turbulence or backflow of gas near the air guide port.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple flow channels, and downward-extending flow guide strips are provided between the multiple flow channels. The number of second pressure relief ports corresponds to the number of flow channels.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple guide channels divide the gas in the lower exhaust zone into multiple streams for separate discharge. Guide strips separate and guide each stream of gas, preventing mutual interference and turbulence. The number of second pressure relief ports corresponds to the number of guide channels, ensuring that each stream of gas has a corresponding outlet, improving the uniformity and efficiency of exhaust, shortening the pressure relief time of the arc-extinguishing chamber, and enhancing the short-circuit breaking performance of the circuit breaker.

[0013] Preferably, the second pole base is provided with a support frame, the fixed contact is positioned and installed on the support frame, the isolation plate is set on the support frame, and a gap groove is formed between the support frame and the isolation plate. The movable contact rotates in the gap groove and abuts or separates from the fixed contact.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the support frame provides a positioning and mounting base for the fixed contact, and the isolation plate is set on the support frame, forming a gap between the two. The movable contact rotates in the gap, achieving contact and separation with the fixed contact. The gap provides movement space for the movable contact, while guiding and limiting its rotation trajectory, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the contact between the moving and stationary contacts. The isolation plate serves a dual function of support and isolation, resulting in a compact structure.

[0015] Preferably, the second electrode base is provided with a third pressure relief port, and the high-temperature gas in the second electrode base is guided along the gap between the isolation plate and the support frame and then discharged from the third pressure relief port.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the second electrode base is equipped with an independent third pressure relief port. The high-temperature gas generated on the second electrode side is guided along the gap between the isolation plate and the support frame. This gap naturally forms a gas flow path, and the gas is finally discharged from the third pressure relief port through this path. The third pressure relief port is independent of the first and second pressure relief ports, realizing independent guidance and discharge of gas on the second electrode side. This prevents gas inside the second electrode base from entering the wiring area or accumulating inside the housing, ensuring the electrical insulation performance and exhaust effect on the second electrode side.

[0017] Preferably, the isolation plate is provided with a mounting post, the power taking elastic element is a torsion spring, the power taking elastic element is sleeved on the mounting post of the isolation plate, the upper end of the power taking elastic element is provided with a contact end, the contact end is located on the moving path of the movable contact element relative to the fixed contact element, the contact end can abut against the movable contact element, and the lower end of the power taking elastic element is provided with a connecting end.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the power-taking elastic element is a torsion spring, which utilizes its own elastic restoring force to maintain the contact end's tendency to abut against the movable contact. The mounting post on the isolation plate provides mounting support for the power-taking elastic element. The contact end is located on the moving path of the movable contact. When the movable contact moves to the contact end position during the closing process, the contact end reliably abuts against the movable contact. The elastic structure of the torsion spring allows the contact end to elastically deform with the movement of the movable contact, maintaining stable contact pressure. The connection end of the power-taking elastic element is used for electrical connection with the button elastic element, forming a complete power-taking path for the test circuit.

[0019] Preferably, the button elastic element is a torsion spring, which is sleeved on the button mounting post of the second pole base. One end of the button elastic element is limited by the button mounting post, and the other end abuts against the test button. When the test button is pressed down, the button elastic element makes contact with the conductive contact and conducts electricity.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the button's elastic element is a torsion spring, sleeved on the button mounting post. One end is limited by the button mounting post to form a fixed fulcrum, while the other end abuts against the test button to form a movable end. Under normal conditions, the movable end of the button's elastic element remains separated from the conductive contact, and the test circuit is disconnected. When the user presses down the test button, the test button pushes the movable end of the button's elastic element downwards, causing the movable end to make contact with the conductive contact, thus closing the test circuit and realizing the leakage current test function. After releasing the test button, the button's elastic element resets under the action of the torsion spring, the movable end disengages from the conductive contact, and the test circuit is disconnected.

[0021] Preferably, the side wall of the cable tray is provided with limiting ribs, and the top of the cable tray is provided with an insulating cover integrally formed with the isolation plate.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the cable tray provides a fixed wiring channel for the conductors. The limiting ribs on the side walls securely hold the conductors within the tray, preventing them from loosening or shifting due to vibration or gas impact during circuit breaker operation. The insulating cover at the top of the cable tray is integrally formed with the isolation plate, covering the cable tray to protect the conductors and prevent high-temperature metal particles from splashing and damaging the insulated conductors. The insulating cover is detachable, facilitating the assembly, inspection, and replacement of the conductors.

[0023] Preferably, wire holes are provided between the first pole base and the first pole isolation base, and between the second pole base cover and the second pole isolation cover. The two wire holes are connected to each other. The second pole base is provided with a receiving groove for positioning and installing the sensing element. The wire passes through the two wire holes and through the sensing element, and then connects to both ends of the tripping execution unit.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, two wire-passing holes are respectively located between the first pole base and the first pole isolation seat, and between the second pole base cover and the second pole isolation cover, and are correspondingly connected, providing a dedicated channel for the wire to pass from the first pole to the second pole. The wire is led out from one end of the tripping actuation unit on the first pole base, passes through the two wire-passing holes into the second pole base, then passes through the sensing element positioned and installed in the receiving slot, and returns to the first pole, connecting to the other end of the tripping actuation unit to form a complete wire loop. The wire-passing holes guide and limit the wire, preventing the wire from being worn or squeezed by the edge of the housing assembly when passing through the housing assembly. The sensing element receiving slot positions and installs the sensing element, ensuring the positional accuracy and stability of the sensing element.

[0025] Preferably, the first pole isolation base and the second pole isolation cover are both separate and detachable; the housing assembly also includes a first pole base cover and a second pole base cover, the second pole base cover is disposed close to the first pole base, and the first pole base and the second pole base cover are connected.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the first pole isolating base and the second pole isolating cover are connected in a separate, detachable manner, which improves the product's adaptability without changing the overall size of the circuit breaker. The separate, detachable connection also facilitates the implementation of wiring and venting structures. During assembly, the second pole portion is installed first, followed by the first pole portion, resulting in a reasonable assembly sequence. The housing assembly also includes a first pole base cover and a second pole base cover. The second pole base cover is positioned close to the first pole base, and the connection between the first pole base and the second pole base cover forms a complete enclosed housing structure, protecting the internal components.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has, but is not limited to, the following main beneficial effects: 1. Through the coordinated operation of the exhaust flow guiding assembly's diversion channel, partition ribs, upper exhaust zone, lower exhaust zone, guide channel, air inlet, gap cavity, and two sets of pressure relief ports, dual-channel directional diversion and discharge of arc gas is achieved. After the high-temperature gas is discharged from the self-extinguishing arc unit, it is diverted through the diversion channel and discharged through the inclined guide channel in the lower exhaust zone and the air inlet-gap cavity path in the upper exhaust zone, respectively. Each of the two sets of pressure relief ports corresponds to a separate airflow path, resulting in a clear exhaust path without turbulence or backflow. This leads to low exhaust resistance, high pressure relief efficiency, and significantly improved short-circuit breaking performance of the circuit breaker.

[0028] 2. Through physical isolation of the wiring isolation assembly and the exhaust flow guiding assembly via the first-stage isolation seat and the second-stage isolation cover, the exhaust airflow has no direct convective contact with the wires, sensing elements, and circuit boards, fundamentally eliminating the burning damage of high-temperature flue gas to internal electronic components. The wiring trough fixes, limits, and covers the wires for protection, and the sensing element housing cavity positions and isolates the current transformer, ensuring neat and reliable wiring.

[0029] 3. By testing the timing of the interaction between the moving contact and the elastic contact in the power-taking assembly, a control logic of powering on and then de-energizing the circuit board was implemented. During closing, the moving contact contacts the elastic contact first, powering on the circuit board in advance. This ensures that in the event of a fault or leakage at the moment of closing, the circuit board can immediately drive the trip unit. During opening, the moving contact disengages from the elastic contact later, delaying power loss on the circuit board and preventing surge voltage damage to the circuit board chips. The sliding friction between the moving contact and the elastic contact automatically removes oxide and carbon deposits from the contact surface, ensuring long-term stable conduction of the test circuit.

[0030] 4. The exhaust flow guiding component, wiring isolation component and test power supply component are integrated into the circuit breaker. The three functional structures share the internal cavity space of the housing component, resulting in a compact structure without increasing the product volume. This achieves a simultaneous improvement in the overall integration and reliability of the circuit breaker. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the first pole base in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the second pole base according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a portion of the exhaust flow guiding assembly on the first pole base according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the air guide port in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection structure of the first pole isolation seat and the second pole isolation cover in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram illustrating the first pole isolation seat and the second pole isolation cover according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the second pole base, the second pole isolation cover, and the second pole base cover according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal structure of the second pole base in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal structure of the second pole base in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Exploded view; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the second pole base after removing the isolation plate, as shown in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the second pole base after removing the isolation plate, as shown in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the movable contact element located in the spacer groove, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 100, First pole base; 101, First pole isolation base; 102, Wiring hole; 103, First pole base cover; 200, Second pole base; 201, Second pole isolation cover; 202, Support frame; 203, Isolation plate; 204, Spacing groove; 205, Wiring groove; 206, Limiting rib; 207, Insulating cover; 208, Receiving groove; 209, Sensing element; 210, Circuit board; 211, Power-taking elastic element; 212, Button elastic element; 213, Conductive contact element; 214, Contact end; 215, Connection end; 216, Test button; 217, Second... 300. Base cover; 400. Arc extinguishing unit; 500. Tripping actuation unit; 501. Contact assembly; 502. Fixed contact; 603. Movable contact; 604. Exhaust guide assembly; 605. Diverter channel; 606. Guide channel; 607. Separator rib; 608. First pressure relief port; 609. Second pressure relief port; 600. Grille section; 601. Upper exhaust area; 602. Lower exhaust area; 603. Guide bar; 614. Air inlet; 615. Third pressure relief port. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the embodiments of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1-14 The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0035] This embodiment provides a circuit breaker for overload, short circuit and leakage fault protection in power distribution systems. It integrates three core functional structures: exhaust diversion component 600, wiring isolation component and test power supply component, to realize directional diversion and discharge of arc gas, internal wiring isolation protection and timing control of test circuit power-on and power-off sequence.

[0036] Please refer to the circuit breaker in this embodiment, which mainly includes a housing assembly, an arc extinguishing unit 300, a tripping actuation unit 400, a contact assembly 500, an exhaust guiding assembly 600, a wiring isolation assembly, and a test power supply assembly. The specific structure and connection relationship of each part are described below.

[0037] housing assembly The housing assembly serves as the supporting and protective foundation for the various internal components of the circuit breaker, including a first pole base 100, a second pole base 200, a first pole isolating seat 101, a second pole isolating cover 201, a first pole base cover 103, and a second pole base cover 217. The first pole base 100 and the second pole base 200 are the mounting bases for the components of the first and second poles, respectively. The first pole base 100 is connected to the first pole isolating seat 101, the second pole base 200 is connected to the second pole isolating cover 201, and the first pole isolating seat 101 and the second pole isolating cover 201 are connected to form a complete internal cavity of the housing. The first pole is the L pole, and the second pole is the N pole.

[0038] Both the first-pole isolating base 101 and the second-pole isolating cover 201 are separate and detachable. This improves the product's adaptability without changing the overall size of the circuit breaker. The separate and detachable connection also facilitates the implementation of wiring and venting structures.

[0039] The second pole base cover 217 is positioned close to the first pole base 100, and the first pole base 100 is connected to the second pole base cover 217. The first pole base cover 103 is connected to the first pole base 100 and the first pole isolation seat 101, and the second pole base cover 217 is connected to the second pole base 200 and the second pole isolation cover 201, forming a complete enclosed shell structure to protect the internal components. During assembly, the second pole part is installed first, followed by the first pole part, which is a reasonable assembly sequence.

[0040] Arc extinguishing unit 300 and tripping execution unit 400 The arc extinguishing unit 300 is disposed on the first pole base 100, specifically installed on the upper part of the first pole base 100. The arc extinguishing unit 300 is specifically an arc extinguishing cover, which contains multiple arc extinguishing grid plates for extinguishing the electric arc generated when the contact assembly 500 is disconnected.

[0041] The tripping unit 400 on the first pole base 100 is located on one side of the operating mechanism. Specifically, the tripping unit 400 is an electromagnetic tripping mechanism, which is used to drive the operating mechanism to operate when a short circuit or leakage fault occurs in the circuit, so that the movable contact 502 and the fixed contact 501 are quickly separated, thereby realizing the protection tripping of the circuit breaker.

[0042] The arc extinguishing unit 300 and the tripping execution unit 400 are both arranged above the first pole base 100, completely isolated from the exhaust airflow, and the exhaust airflow has no direct convective contact with the tripping execution unit 400.

[0043] Contact component 500 The contact assembly 500 includes a fixed contact 501 and a movable contact 502, which can abut or separate from the fixed contact 501. The contact assembly 500 is provided on both the first pole base 100 and the second pole base 200.

[0044] On the first pole base 100, a fixed contact 501 is installed, and a movable contact 502 is driven to rotate by an operating mechanism. When the movable contact 502 rotates, it contacts the fixed contact 501 to achieve closing, and it separates from the fixed contact 501 to achieve opening. An arc-extinguishing shroud is located on one side of the fixed contact 501, and the contact area between the movable contact 502 and the fixed contact 501 is located within the arc-extinguishing range of the arc-extinguishing shroud.

[0045] A support frame 202 is provided on the second pole base 200, and the fixed contact 501 is positioned and installed on the support frame 202. An isolation plate 203 is disposed on the support frame 202, and a gap groove 204 is formed between the support frame 202 and the isolation plate 203. The movable contact 502 rotates within the gap groove 204 and engages or disengages with the fixed contact 501. The gap groove 204 provides movement space for the movable contact 502, while guiding and limiting its rotation trajectory, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the contact between the movable contact 502 and the fixed contact 501.

[0046] Exhaust flow guide assembly 600 The exhaust diversion assembly 600 is disposed on the first pole base 100 and is used to directionally divert and discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure arc gas generated when the circuit breaker short-circuit breaks the casing. The exhaust diversion assembly 600 includes a diversion channel 601, a diversion channel 602, a partition rib 603, a first pressure relief port 604, and a second pressure relief port 605.

[0047] The diversion channel 601 is formed by a grid section 606 located on the first pole base 100 on one side of the arc extinguishing unit 300. The diversion channel 601 is located on the side of the arc extinguishing shroud away from the fixed contact member 501, that is, on the outside of the exhaust port of the arc extinguishing shroud. The high-temperature gas discharged from the arc extinguishing shroud first enters the diversion channel 601.

[0048] A partition rib 603 is disposed on the first pole base 100 and connected to the grille section 606. The partition rib 603 divides the side area of ​​the grille section 606 into an upper exhaust zone 607 and a lower exhaust zone 608. The diversion channel 601 is connected to both the upper exhaust zone 607 and the lower exhaust zone 608. The exhaust airflow after passing through the diversion channel 601 is divided into upper and lower paths by the partition rib 603, which enter the upper exhaust zone 607 and the lower exhaust zone 608 respectively.

[0049] The flow guiding channel 602 is connected to the lower exhaust zone 608. There are two flow guiding channels 602, located on the first pole base 100 and the first pole isolation seat 101. A downwardly extending flow guiding strip 609 is provided between the two flow guiding channels 602, separating and guiding the airflow to prevent mutual interference and turbulence. The flow guiding channel 602 is inclined downwards, utilizing the weight of the high-temperature gas and the pressure difference to achieve directional flow. The end of the flow guiding channel 602 is connected to the first pressure relief port 604, which is located on the first pole base 100 or the first pole isolation seat 101. The high-temperature gas in the lower exhaust zone 608 is discharged along the downwardly inclined flow guiding channel 602 and finally exits the casing through the first pressure relief port 604.

[0050] The upper exhaust zone 607 is provided with an air guide port 610. The air guide port 610 is formed by a notch on the first pole base 100 and the first pole isolation seat 101, and the air guide port 610 is correspondingly provided with the second pole isolation cover 201. The lower opening of the air guide port 610 faces the second pole isolation cover 201. The second pole isolation cover 201 is provided with a recessed groove 611 corresponding to the position of the air guide port 610. The recessed groove 611 is formed by recessing downward from the surface of the second pole isolation cover 201 and communicates with the gap cavity 612. The recessed groove 611 can increase the volume of the gap cavity 612 for high-temperature gas and can provide preliminary buffering when the high-temperature gas passes through the air guide port 610.

[0051] The side of the first-stage isolation seat 101 corresponding to the air inlet 610 is a guide plate 613, and the bottom of the guide plate 613 is provided with an air inlet slot 614. The air inlet slot 614 is inclined or flared in shape corresponding to the second-stage isolation cover 201. The flared shape of the air inlet slot 614 guides and collects the high-temperature gas in the upper exhaust zone 607, reducing the flow resistance of the gas entering the air inlet 610. The air inlet slot 614 guides the high-temperature gas in the upper exhaust zone 607 through the air inlet 610 and the recessed groove 611 into the gap cavity 612.

[0052] A gap cavity 612 is formed between the first pole isolation seat 101 and the second pole isolation cover 201. After the first pole isolation seat 101 and the second pole isolation cover 201 are connected, a gap cavity 612 is naturally formed between them. The end of the gap cavity 612 is connected to a second pressure relief port 605, which is located at the lower part of the first pole isolation seat 101 and the second pole isolation cover 201. The high-temperature gas from the upper exhaust zone 607 enters the gap cavity 612 through the air guide port 610 and the recessed groove 611, flows along the gap cavity 612, and is finally discharged from the shell through the second pressure relief port 605.

[0053] The second electrode base 200 is provided with a third pressure relief port 615. The high-temperature gas inside the second electrode base 200 is guided along the gap between the isolation plate 203 and the support frame 202 and then discharged from the third pressure relief port 615. The third pressure relief port 615 is independent of the first pressure relief port 604 and the second pressure relief port 605, realizing independent guidance and discharge of the gas on the second electrode side.

[0054] Wiring isolation components The wiring isolation assembly is mounted on the second pole base 200 and includes an isolation plate 203 and a wiring groove 205 formed on the isolation plate 203. The isolation plate 203 is located on one side of the fixed contact 501 and is mounted on the support frame 202. The isolation plate 203 is a plate-shaped insulating structure that serves a dual function of electrical isolation and support.

[0055] The cable tray 205 is formed integrally with the isolation plate 203, located below it. The cable tray 205 provides a fixed wiring channel for the conductors. The side wall of the cable tray 205 is provided with limiting ribs 206, which securely hold the conductors within the tray, preventing them from loosening or shifting due to vibration or gas impact during circuit breaker operation. An insulating cover 207, integrally formed with the isolation plate 203, is fitted onto the top of the cable tray 205. The insulating cover 207 is also part of the isolation plate 203, which is detachably connected to the support frame 202. The insulating cover 207, located above the cable tray 205, covers and protects the conductors within the tray, preventing high-temperature metal particles from splashing and damaging the insulated conductors.

[0056] The second base 200 is provided with a receiving groove 208 for positioning and installing the sensing element 209. The sensing element 209 is specifically a current transformer. The receiving groove 208 positions and installs the sensing element 209, ensuring the positional accuracy and stability of the sensing element 209. A certain amount of heat insulation buffer gap can be reserved between the sensing element 209 and the isolation plate 203 to prevent the heat from high-temperature gas from being conducted to the sensing element 209 and causing the insulation layer of the sensing element 209 to break down.

[0057] The wiring isolation assembly and the exhaust flow guiding assembly 600 are physically isolated by the first pole isolation seat 101 and the second pole isolation cover 201. The exhaust airflow has no direct convective contact with the wires, sensing element 209, and circuit board 210, which fundamentally eliminates the burning damage of high-temperature flue gas to the internal electronic components.

[0058] Test power supply components The test power-gathering assembly is mounted on the second pole base 200 and includes a test button 216, a circuit board 210, a power-gathering elastic element 211, a button elastic element 212, and a conductive contact 213. The circuit board 210 is mounted on the second pole base 200 and located on one side of the fixed contact 501. The circuit board 210 is electrically connected to the conductive contact 213, and the circuit board 210 is connected to the incoming power supply after being connected in series with a test resistor.

[0059] The power-feeding elastic element 211 is a torsion spring. A mounting post is provided on the isolation plate 203, and the power-feeding elastic element 211 is sleeved on the mounting post of the isolation plate 203. The upper end of the power-feeding elastic element 211 has a contact end 214, which is located on the movement path of the movable contact 502 relative to the fixed contact 501, and can abut against the movable contact 502. The lower end of the power-feeding elastic element 211 has a connecting end 215, which is electrically connected to the button elastic element 212 through a conductive connecting wire.

[0060] The button spring element 212 is a torsion spring, sleeved on the button mounting post of the second pole base 200. One end of the button spring element 212 is limited by the button mounting post, forming a fixed fulcrum. The other end of the button spring element 212 abuts against the test button 216, forming a movable end. The test button 216 is positioned above the second pole base 200. The conductive contact element 213 is located on the second pole base 200, on one side of the button spring element 212.

[0061] Under normal conditions, the movable end of the button spring element 212 remains separated from the conductive contact element 213, and the test circuit is disconnected. When the user presses down the test button 216, the test button 216 moves the movable end of the button spring element 212 downward, causing the movable end to make contact with the conductive contact element 213 and conduct electricity, thus closing the test circuit and realizing the leakage current test function. After releasing the test button 216, the button spring element 212 resets under the action of the torsion spring force, the movable end disengages from the conductive contact element 213, and the test circuit is disconnected.

[0062] Wire hole 102 structure A wire-passing hole 102 is provided between the first pole base 100 and the first pole isolation seat 101, and between the second pole base cover 217 and the second pole isolation cover 201. The two wire-passing holes 102 are connected to each other. The two wire-passing holes 102 provide a dedicated channel for the wire to pass from the first pole to the second pole. The wire is led out from one end of the trip execution unit 400, passes through the two wire-passing holes 102 into the second pole base 200, then passes through the sensing element 209 positioned and installed in the receiving groove 208, and returns to the first pole, connecting to the other end of the trip execution unit 400 to form a complete wire loop.

[0063] Overall work process When the circuit breaker trips due to a short circuit, the movable contact 502 and the fixed contact 501 on the first pole base 100 quickly separate, generating high-temperature, high-pressure arc gas between the contacts. The arc gas enters the arc-extinguishing chamber and is cooled and extinguished by the arc-extinguishing grid. The high-temperature gas after arc extinguishing is discharged from the side of the arc-extinguishing chamber away from the fixed contact 501 and enters the diversion channel 601 formed by the grid section 606.

[0064] After being diverted by the diversion channel 601, the high-temperature gas is divided into two paths by the partition rib 603. One path of gas enters the lower exhaust zone 608, and is discharged in multiple streams along the downwardly inclined guide channel 602, exiting the casing through the first pressure relief port 604. The other path of gas enters the upper exhaust zone 607, and under the guidance of the air inlet slot 614 at the bottom of the air guide plate 613, enters the gap cavity 612 between the first pole isolation seat 101 and the second pole isolation cover 201 through the air guide port 610 and the recessed groove 611. After flowing along the gap cavity 612, it is discharged from the casing through the second pressure relief port 605.

[0065] The high-temperature gas inside the second pole base 200 is guided along the gap between the isolation plate 203 and the support frame 202 and then discharged from the shell through the third pressure relief port 615.

[0066] During the closing process, the operating mechanism drives the movable contact 502 to rotate towards the fixed contact 501. During this movement, the movable contact 502 first abuts against the contact end 214 of the power-taking elastic element 211, energizing the circuit board 210. At this point, the movable contact 502 has not yet contacted the fixed contact 501, and the main circuit is not yet connected. As the movable contact 502 continues to rotate, it eventually abuts against the fixed contact 501, connecting the main circuit. The circuit board 210 is energized in advance to ensure that if a fault or leakage occurs at the moment the main circuit closes, the circuit board 210 can immediately drive the tripping actuator 400 to operate.

[0067] During the tripping process, the operating mechanism drives the movable contact 502 to rotate away from the fixed contact 501. The movable contact 502 first separates from the fixed contact 501, disconnecting the main circuit. The movable contact 502 continues to rotate before disengaging from the contact end 214 of the power-taking elastic element 211, causing the circuit board 210 to lose power after a delay. This delayed power loss of the circuit board 210 prevents the surge voltage at the moment of disconnection from damaging the chips and voltage regulator components of the circuit board 210. During the switching process, the movable contact 502 and the contact end 214 of the power-taking elastic element 211 generate sliding friction, automatically removing the oxide layer and carbon deposit layer on the contact surface, ensuring long-term stable conduction of the test circuit.

[0068] When the user needs to test the leakage current protection function, pressing down the test button 216 causes the movable end of the button elastic element 212 to move downwards, making contact with the conductive contact 213 and closing the test circuit. Test current flows through the test resistor and circuit board 210, simulating a leakage current state. After detecting the leakage current signal, circuit board 210 drives the trip execution unit 400 to trip, completing the leakage current test function verification.

[0069] It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Based on the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make appropriate adjustments and modifications to the specific shape and size of the housing assembly, the structural form of the arc-extinguishing unit 300, the number and orientation of the diversion channels 601 and guide channels 602 in the exhaust guiding assembly 600, the position and shape of the wiring trough 205 in the wiring isolation assembly, and the specifications and installation positions of the elastic elements in the test power supply assembly, according to actual application requirements. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the claims of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A circuit breaker, characterized in that, include: The housing assembly includes a first pole base (100), a second pole base (200), a first pole isolation seat (101), and a second pole isolation cover (201). The first pole base (100) is connected to the first pole isolation seat (101), the second pole base (200) is connected to the second pole isolation cover (201), and the first pole isolation seat (101) is connected to the second pole isolation cover (201). An arc-extinguishing unit (300) is disposed on the first pole base (100); The contact assembly (500) includes a fixed contact (501) and a movable contact (502), wherein the movable contact (502) and the fixed contact (501) can abut or separate. An exhaust flow guiding assembly (600) includes a flow diversion channel (601), a flow guiding channel (602), a partition rib (603), a first pressure relief port (604), and a second pressure relief port (605). The flow diversion channel (601) is formed by a grille segment (606) located on the first pole base (100) on one side of the arc-extinguishing unit (300). The partition rib (603) is located on the first pole base (100) and connected to the grille segment (606), and is located on the side of the flow diversion channel (601) away from the arc-extinguishing unit (300). The partition rib (603) divides the side area of ​​the grille segment (606) into an upper exhaust area (607) and a lower exhaust area (608). The flow diversion channel (601) It is simultaneously connected to the upper exhaust area (607) and the lower exhaust area (608). The guide channel (602) is connected to the lower exhaust area (608). The guide channel (602) is inclined downward as a whole. The end of the guide channel (602) is connected to the first pressure relief port (604). The upper exhaust area (607) is provided with an air guide port (610). The air guide port (610) is formed by a notch provided on the first pole base (100) and the first pole isolation seat (101). A gap cavity (612) is formed between the first pole isolation seat (101) and the second pole isolation cover (201) and communicates with the air guide port (610). The end of the gap cavity (612) is connected to the second pressure relief port (605). The wiring isolation assembly includes an isolation plate (203) and a wiring groove (205) formed on the isolation plate (203). The wiring isolation assembly is disposed on the second pole base (200). The wiring isolation assembly and the exhaust flow guide assembly (600) are physically isolated by the first pole isolation seat (101) and the second pole isolation cover (201). The test power-gathering assembly includes a test button (216), a circuit board (210), a power-gathering elastic element (211), a button elastic element (212), and a conductive contact (213). The circuit board (210) is electrically connected to the conductive contact (213). One end of the power-gathering elastic element (211) can abut against the movable contact (502), and the other end of the power-gathering elastic element (211) is electrically connected to the button elastic element (212). During the closing process, the movable contact (502) contacts the power-taking elastic element (211) before contacting the fixed contact (501), so that the circuit board (210) is powered on first; during the opening process, the movable contact (502) disengages from the power-taking elastic element (211) only after disengaging from the fixed contact (501), so that the circuit board (210) loses power after a delay.

2. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the first pole isolation seat (101) corresponding to the air guide port (610) is a guide plate (613). The bottom of the guide plate (613) is provided with an air inlet slot (614). The air inlet slot (614) is flared in an inclined or trumpet shape corresponding to the second pole isolation cover (201). The air inlet slot (614) guides the high temperature gas in the upper exhaust zone (607) into the gap cavity (612) through the air guide port (610). The second pole isolation cover (201) is provided with a recessed groove (611) at the position corresponding to the air guide port (610). The recessed groove (611) is connected to the gap cavity (612).

3. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple flow channels (602), and downward-extending flow guide strips (609) are provided between the multiple flow channels (602). The number of second pressure relief ports (605) corresponds to the number of flow channels (602).

4. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second pole base (200) is provided with a support frame (202), a fixed contact (501) is positioned and installed on the support frame (202), and an isolation plate (203) is provided on the support frame (202). A gap groove (204) is formed between the support frame (202) and the isolation plate (203). The movable contact (502) rotates in the gap groove (204) and abuts or separates from the fixed contact (501).

5. The circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second pole base (200) is provided with a third pressure relief port (615). The high-temperature gas in the second pole base (200) is guided along the gap between the isolation plate (203) and the support frame (202) and then discharged from the third pressure relief port (615).

6. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation plate (203) is provided with a mounting post. The power taking elastic element (211) is a torsion spring. The power taking elastic element (211) is sleeved on the mounting post of the isolation plate (203). The upper end of the power taking elastic element (211) is provided with a contact end (214). The contact end (214) is located on the moving path of the movable contact element (502) relative to the fixed contact element (501). The contact end (214) can abut against the movable contact element (502). The lower end of the power taking elastic element (211) is provided with a connecting end (215).

7. The circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that, The button elastic element (212) is a torsion spring, which is sleeved on the button mounting post of the second pole base (200). One end of the button elastic element (212) is limited by the button mounting post, and the other end abuts against the test button (216). When the test button (216) is pressed down, the button elastic element (212) makes contact with the conductive contact (213) and conducts electricity.

8. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the cable tray (205) is provided with a limiting clamp (206), and the top of the cable tray (205) is provided with an insulating cover (207) integrally formed with the isolation plate (203).

9. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, A wire-passing hole (102) is provided between the first pole base (100) and the first pole isolation seat (101) and between the second pole base cover (217) and the second pole isolation cover (201). The two wire-passing holes (102) are connected to each other. The second pole base (200) is provided with a receiving groove (208) for positioning and installing the sensing element (209). The wire passes through the two wire-passing holes (102) and through the sensing element (209) and then connects to both ends of the tripping execution unit (400) on the first pole base (100).

10. The circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first pole isolation base (101) and the second pole isolation cover (201) are both separate and detachable. The housing assembly also includes a first pole base cover (103) and a second pole base cover (217). The second pole base cover (217) is located close to the first pole base (100), and the first pole base (100) is connected to the second pole base cover (217).

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