Hydrogen fuel cell and solid hydrogen storage integrated system and control method

Abstract

The present application relates to hydrogen fuel cell technology field, particularly to a kind of hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system and control method.The above-mentioned system uses heat exchanger as heat exchange center, and the large amount of heat generated by hydrogen fuel cell is recycled to solid-state hydrogen storage module, as the heat source of solid-state hydrogen storage module hydrogen absorption heat, on the other hand, hydrogen released by solid-state hydrogen storage module is used as the hydrogen source of hydrogen fuel cell, to improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of system.At the same time, the heat dissipation power of the stack is monitored, the speed of the first water pump is adjusted, and then the flow rate of the coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit is controlled, so that the hydrogen fuel cell stack works at a stable and safe temperature;and according to the monitoring feedback of solid-state hydrogen storage heat absorption power, the speed of the second water pump is adjusted, and then the flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipe circuit is controlled, so that the solid-state hydrogen storage releases sufficient hydrogen flow to supply hydrogen fuel cell to run at rated power, to improve the operation stability of integrated system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to an integrated system and control method for hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state hydrogen storage. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are a new type of green and environmentally friendly energy conversion device. Using hydrogen as its energy source, a hydrogen fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical and thermal energy through an electrochemical reaction. Its emission is water, exhibiting good environmental compatibility. However, the electrochemical reaction process in hydrogen fuel cells generates a significant amount of heat, requiring a cooling system to lower the temperature and maintain the fuel cell and its accessories within a suitable operating temperature range to ensure stable system operation.

[0003] Currently, in the field of fuel cell technology, as the output power of fuel cell systems continues to increase, the requirements for cooling and heat dissipation capabilities are also increasing. Multiple cooling fans and radiators are typically required to meet these demands, leading not only to increasingly complex system structures and limited space, but also to increased auxiliary heat dissipation costs, increased operating noise, and higher overall costs. On the other hand, the large amount of heat generated by the electrochemical reaction in fuel cells is usually released into the environment as waste heat, failing to achieve effective utilization and resulting in low system thermal management efficiency.

[0004] Meanwhile, solid-state alloy hydrogen storage technology, as an important development direction in the field of hydrogen storage, achieves high-density hydrogen storage by forming metal hydrides through a reversible chemical reaction between metals or alloys and hydrogen. It boasts advantages such as high safety and ease of operation, demonstrating significant potential in hydrogen energy storage and transportation and fuel cell applications. However, this technology is characterized by the fact that hydrogen absorption is an exothermic reaction and hydrogen release is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, an external heat source is required during the hydrogen release phase, typically relying on auxiliary heating devices such as heaters to heat the alloy material. This further increases system auxiliary consumption, reduces overall energy utilization efficiency, and results in significant energy waste and insufficient operational economy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an integrated system and control method for hydrogen fuel cells and solid hydrogen storage, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of hydrogen fuel cells and solid hydrogen storage, and solving the technical problems of high heat dissipation auxiliary consumption of hydrogen fuel cells and high heating auxiliary consumption of solid hydrogen storage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides an integrated system for hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state hydrogen storage, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a heat exchanger, a main radiator, a main controller, a hydrogen pipeline, a first heat dissipation pipeline loop, a first heat exchange pipeline loop, and a second heat exchange pipeline loop; wherein: One end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module, and the other end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected to the solid hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen fuel cell module includes a stack water outlet and a stack water inlet; The first heat dissipation pipe circuit is sequentially connected to the fuel cell stack outlet, the main radiator inlet, the main radiator outlet, and the fuel cell stack inlet; The heat exchanger includes a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the cavity wall of the first cavity is in contact with the cavity wall of the second cavity; The first heat exchange pipeline loop is sequentially connected to the fuel cell stack outlet, the first cavity inlet, the first cavity outlet, and the fuel cell stack inlet; The second heat exchange pipeline loop is sequentially connected to the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module, the inlet of the second cavity, the outlet of the second cavity, and the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module; The first heat dissipation pipe circuit, the first heat exchange pipe circuit, and the second heat exchange pipe circuit are filled with coolant. The main controller is used to control the flow rate of the coolant.

[0007] The aforementioned integrated system uses a heat exchanger as the heat exchange center. On the one hand, it transfers a large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell from the first heat exchange pipeline loop to the second heat exchange pipeline loop, thereby recovering the large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell into the solid hydrogen storage module as a heat source for the hydrogen release and heat absorption of the solid hydrogen storage module. On the other hand, it uses the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage module as the hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0008] Through the aforementioned energy cycle, the heat exchanger and auxiliary radiator of the integrated system cool the hydrogen fuel cell, meeting its heat dissipation requirements and reducing auxiliary heat dissipation costs. Simultaneously, the heat energy from the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered and utilized for hydrogen release and heat absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage module, improving the energy utilization rate of the hydrogen fuel cell. Furthermore, by recovering heat energy to provide hydrogen release energy for the solid-state hydrogen storage module, auxiliary heating devices such as heaters are effectively eliminated from the integrated system, reducing auxiliary heating costs for solid-state hydrogen storage and ultimately improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the integrated system.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a main water tank, a deionizer, and a main water path filter element; wherein: The exhaust port of the main radiator is connected to the first air inlet of the main water tank, the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell module is connected to the second air inlet of the main water tank through the deionizer, and the water outlet of the main water tank is connected to the water supply port of the hydrogen fuel cell module through the main water filter element.

[0010] In this implementation, a main water tank is set up to collect the high-heat gaseous products emitted by the main radiator and the hydrogen fuel cell. Firstly, water is added to the cooling circulation loop, causing the high-heat gas produced by the integrated system to condense into an aqueous solution in the main water tank. This solution is then filtered through the main water circuit filter and recycled back to the water circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell, replenishing the water lost in the cooling circulation loop. This effectively improves the resource utilization rate of the integrated system and reduces the resource consumption for power generation by the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0011] Secondly, the main water tank shell is usually made of transparent or semi-transparent engineering materials and is marked with clear maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) liquid level scale lines, which makes it easy to observe whether the liquid level of the coolant in the cooling system is between the MAX and MIN lines.

[0012] Thirdly, the main water tank is equipped with a coolant filling port, which enables the cooling system to be filled with coolant, and this port can remove any residual air in the coolant circulation loop system during the filling process.

[0013] Fourthly, the main water tank provides sufficient expansion space for the density and volume changes caused by thermal expansion and contraction when the coolant circulates in the loop system to absorb and dissipate heat, thereby maintaining the pressure stability in the cooling loop system.

[0014] The deionizer is used to filter out metal ions and impurities that may be present in the components that the coolant comes into contact with during the circulation of the coolant in the pipeline, thereby reducing the conductivity of the coolant, improving the insulation performance of the fuel cell system, and enhancing the safety of the fuel cell system.

[0015] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a first water pump, a first temperature and pressure sensor, and a second temperature and pressure sensor; wherein: The first water pump is installed in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit; the first temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the water outlet of the fuel cell stack; the second temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the water inlet of the fuel cell stack. The first water pump, the first temperature and pressure sensor, and the second temperature and pressure sensor are each electrically connected to the main controller; The main controller is used to obtain a first temperature difference and a first pressure difference through the first temperature and pressure sensor and the second temperature and pressure sensor, and then control the speed of the first water pump based on the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference, so as to control the flow of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit.

[0016] In this implementation, the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is monitored in real time based on the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference. When the heat dissipation effect of the stack is poor, the speed of the first water pump is increased, which increases the flow rate of the coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, improves the heat dissipation rate of the coolant on the stack, ensures that the hydrogen fuel cell stack does not overheat, and thus improves the operating efficiency and safety of the integrated system.

[0017] Further, the step of obtaining a first temperature difference and a first pressure difference through the first temperature and pressure sensors and then controlling the speed of the first water pump based on the first temperature and pressure differences to control the flow of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit includes: The temperature and pressure at the fuel cell outlet are obtained using the first temperature and pressure sensor. The fuel cell inlet temperature and fuel cell inlet pressure are obtained through the second temperature and pressure sensor. The first temperature difference is obtained based on the outlet temperature and inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the first pressure difference is obtained based on the outlet pressure and inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack. Obtain the first heat dissipation pipe diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, and then obtain the first coolant flow rate based on the first heat dissipation pipe diameter and the first pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the first temperature difference, and the first coolant flow rate. The heat release power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the preset rated power and preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the heat dissipation power range is obtained based on the heat release power. The rotational speed of the first water pump is controlled to ensure that the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack meets the heat dissipation power range.

[0018] It should be noted that during the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell, the chemical energy generated by the electrochemical reaction is partially converted into electrical energy and partially into heat energy. To ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate at its rated power and rated energy conversion efficiency, the heat dissipation rate of the coolant to the hydrogen fuel cell must meet the operating safety standards for hydrogen fuel cells, ensuring that the hydrogen fuel cell stack does not overheat.

[0019] Therefore, in this implementation, the heat release power of the fuel cell stack under the condition of supplying power at the rated power is calculated based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the heat release power range of the fuel cell stack that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined based on the heat release power.

[0020] To accurately monitor the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack, this implementation indirectly monitors the heat dissipation power by monitoring the heat absorption rate of the coolant between its inlet and outlet. This is based on the heat balance formula. The heat absorption rate at which the coolant removes heat from the fuel cell stack is calculated, where Q represents the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack (kW); V represents the coolant flow rate (L / min); C represents the specific heat capacity of the coolant (kJ / (kg·℃)); ΔT represents the temperature difference (℃); and ρ represents the coolant density (kg / L). This formula indicates that the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack is equal to the heat absorption rate of the coolant between its inlet and outlet from the fuel cell stack inlet.

[0021] Specifically, ΔT represents the first temperature difference, which is the temperature rise of the coolant from its inlet to its outlet in the fuel cell stack. This implementation is based on the relationship between pressure difference and liquid flow rate in fluid mechanics. Based on the pressure difference between the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack and the diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe, the flow rate of the coolant between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack is calculated. k It represents the coolant resistance coefficient, which can be predetermined based on the pipe diameter and coolant properties of the pipeline circuit.

[0022] Ultimately, based on the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack monitored and fed back, the speed of the first water pump is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, so that the hydrogen fuel cell stack operates at a stable and safe temperature, improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0023] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a second water pump, a third temperature and pressure sensor, and a fourth temperature and pressure sensor; wherein: The second water pump is installed in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit; the third temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module; the second temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module. The second water pump, the third temperature and pressure sensor, and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor are each electrically connected to the main controller; The main controller is used to obtain the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference through the third temperature and pressure sensor and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor, and then control the speed of the second water pump based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit.

[0024] In this implementation, the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module is monitored in real time based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference. When the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module is low, the speed of the second water pump is increased, which increases the flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit. This increases the rate at which the coolant provides heat to the solid hydrogen storage module, ensuring that the solid hydrogen storage module can absorb heat and release hydrogen at a certain power, providing the hydrogen fuel cell with a sufficient flow of hydrogen to operate at its rated power, thereby improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0025] Further, the step of obtaining the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference through the third and fourth temperature and pressure sensors, and then controlling the speed of the second water pump based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit, includes: The temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet are obtained through the third temperature and pressure sensor. The temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet are obtained through the fourth temperature and pressure sensor. The second temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage inlet, and the second pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet; Obtain the heat exchange pipe diameter of the second heat exchange pipe loop, and then obtain the second coolant flow rate based on the heat exchange pipe diameter and the second pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the second temperature difference, and the second coolant flow rate. The rated hydrogen flow rate is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell; Obtain the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module, and then obtain the heat absorption power range based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve and the rated hydrogen flow rate; The rotational speed of the second water pump is controlled to ensure that the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage meets the heat absorption power range.

[0026] It should be noted that during the operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage module, hydrogen is generated by absorbing heat carried by the coolant in the second heat exchange pipe loop. To ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate at its rated power and rated energy conversion efficiency, it is necessary to ensure that the solid-state hydrogen storage module supplies sufficient hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the heat absorption power of the solid-state hydrogen storage module to generate a hydrogen flow rate that meets the requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0027] Therefore, in this implementation, the rated hydrogen flow rate required by the hydrogen fuel cell is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the rated heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module corresponding to the rated hydrogen flow rate is determined based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module. Based on the rated heat absorption power, the range of solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined.

[0028] To accurately monitor the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack, this implementation indirectly monitors the heat absorption power of solid-state hydrogen storage by monitoring the heat release rate of the coolant between its inflow into the solid-state hydrogen storage inlet and its outflow from the solid-state hydrogen storage outlet. This is based on the heat balance formula. Calculate the heat release rate of the coolant supplying heat to the solid hydrogen storage, where Q represents the heat absorption power of solid hydrogen storage in kW; V represents the coolant flow rate in L / min; C represents the specific heat capacity of the coolant in kJ / (kg·℃); ΔT represents the temperature difference in ℃; and ρ represents the coolant density in kg / L.

[0029] Specifically, ΔT represents the first temperature difference, which is the temperature drop of the coolant from its inlet to its outlet in solid hydrogen storage. This implementation is based on the relationship between pressure difference and liquid flow rate in fluid mechanics. Based on the pressure difference between the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack and the diameter of the heat exchange tubes, the flow rate of the coolant between the inlet and outlet of the solid hydrogen storage system is calculated. k It represents the coolant resistance coefficient, which can be predetermined based on the pipe diameter and coolant properties of the pipeline circuit.

[0030] Finally, based on the monitoring feedback of the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power, the speed of the second water pump is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit. This ensures that the solid hydrogen storage releases sufficient hydrogen flow to supply the hydrogen fuel cell to operate at rated power, thus improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0031] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes an auxiliary radiator, an auxiliary water tank, an auxiliary water filter element, and a second heat dissipation pipe circuit; the hydrogen fuel cell module also includes an auxiliary radiator outlet and an auxiliary radiator inlet; wherein: the second heat dissipation pipe circuit is sequentially connected to the auxiliary radiator outlet, the auxiliary radiator inlet, the auxiliary radiator outlet, and the auxiliary radiator inlet; The exhaust port of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the air inlet of the auxiliary water tank, and the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank is connected to the auxiliary water outlet through the auxiliary water filter element.

[0032] It should be noted that the auxiliary radiator, which consists of the auxiliary radiator, auxiliary water tank, auxiliary water filter element, and second heat dissipation pipe circuit, can dissipate heat for auxiliary components in the hydrogen fuel cell module other than the stack, such as the air compressor and intercooler, through the auxiliary radiator inlet and outlet.

[0033] Therefore, in this implementation, an auxiliary radiator is used to dissipate heat from the hydrogen fuel cell air compressor, ensuring it operates in a stable and safe temperature environment. An auxiliary water tank collects the high-heat gas products discharged from the auxiliary radiator, allowing the produced high-heat gas to condense into an aqueous solution. This solution is then filtered through an auxiliary water circuit filter and recycled back into the coolant circulation system of the second heat dissipation pipe loop, effectively improving the resource utilization rate of the integrated system.

[0034] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a third water pump, a fifth temperature and pressure sensor, and a sixth temperature and pressure sensor; wherein: The third water pump is installed in the second heat dissipation pipe circuit; the fifth temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the auxiliary radiator outlet; the sixth temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the auxiliary radiator inlet; The third water pump, the fifth temperature and pressure sensor, and the sixth temperature and pressure sensor are electrically connected to the main controller. The main controller is used to obtain a third temperature difference and a third pressure difference through the fifth temperature and pressure sensor and the sixth temperature and pressure sensor, and then control the speed of the third water pump based on the third temperature difference and the third pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat dissipation pipe circuit.

[0035] In this implementation, the operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell air compressor is monitored by monitoring the temperature difference between the auxiliary inlet and outlet, and the coolant flow rate of the second heat dissipation pipe circuit is monitored by monitoring the pressure difference between the auxiliary inlet and outlet. Then, the coolant flow rate is adjusted by adjusting the speed of the third water pump to ensure that the operating temperature of the air compressor is within the rated safe range, thereby improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0036] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for integrated control of a hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage, applicable to a hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system as described in any one of the first aspects, and executed by a main controller; the method includes the following steps: Obtain the fuel cell stack outlet temperature and fuel cell stack outlet pressure; Obtain the fuel cell stack inlet temperature and fuel cell stack inlet pressure; A first temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the temperature at the fuel cell inlet, and a first pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure at the fuel cell outlet and the pressure at the fuel cell inlet. Obtain the first heat dissipation pipe diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, and then obtain the first coolant flow rate based on the first heat dissipation pipe diameter and the first pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the first temperature difference, and the first coolant flow rate. The heat release power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the preset rated power and preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the heat dissipation power range is obtained based on the heat release power. The flow rate of the coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit is controlled to ensure that the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack meets the heat dissipation power range.

[0037] Furthermore, the control method for the integrated hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage system also includes: Obtain the temperature and pressure at the solid hydrogen storage outlet; Obtain the temperature and pressure at the solid hydrogen storage inlet; A second temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage inlet, and a second pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet. Obtain the heat exchange pipe diameter of the second heat exchange pipe loop, and then obtain the second coolant flow rate based on the heat exchange pipe diameter and the second pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the second temperature difference, and the second coolant flow rate. The rated hydrogen flow rate is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell; Obtain the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module, and then obtain the endothermic power range based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve and the rated hydrogen flow rate. The flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline loop is controlled to ensure that the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage meets the heat absorption power range.

[0038] The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system and control method provided by the present invention have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention uses a heat exchanger as a heat exchange center. On the one hand, a large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is transferred from the first heat exchange pipeline loop to the second heat exchange pipeline loop, thereby recovering the large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell into the solid hydrogen storage module as a heat source for the hydrogen release and heat absorption of the solid hydrogen storage module. On the other hand, the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage module is used as the hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0039] This invention integrates thermal management design for hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state hydrogen storage modules. Temperature and pressure sensors and a water pump are added to the circuit, and the main controller regulates and controls various actuators to recover and utilize the large amount of heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell module for heating the hydrogen released from the solid-state hydrogen storage module. This reduces the heat dissipation energy consumption of the fuel cell system and the auxiliary heating energy consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, while also reducing heat dissipation noise and costs, and improving heat utilization efficiency.

[0040] Specifically, the present invention calculates the heat release power of the fuel cell stack under the condition of supplying power at the rated power based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determines the heat dissipation power range of the fuel cell stack that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the heat release power.

[0041] Furthermore, the present invention obtains the rated hydrogen flow rate required by the hydrogen fuel cell based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then determines the rated heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage corresponding to the rated hydrogen flow rate based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module. Based on the rated heat absorption power, the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power range that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined.

[0042] Finally, based on the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack monitored and fed back, the speed of the first water pump is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, so that the hydrogen fuel cell stack operates at a stable and safe temperature; and based on the heat absorption power of solid hydrogen storage monitored and fed back, the speed of the second water pump is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of coolant in the second heat exchange pipe circuit, so that the solid hydrogen storage releases sufficient hydrogen flow to supply the hydrogen fuel cell to operate at rated power, thereby improving the operational stability of the integrated system. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an integrated control method for hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state hydrogen storage provided in an embodiment of the present invention; The components include: 1. Hydrogen fuel cell module; 2. Solid-state hydrogen storage module; 3. Heat exchanger; 31. First chamber; 32. Second chamber; 4. Main radiator; 5. Main water tank; 6. Deionizer; 7. Main water circuit filter element; 8. First water pump; 9. First temperature and pressure sensor; 10. Second temperature and pressure sensor; 11. Second water pump; 12. Third temperature and pressure sensor; 13. Fourth temperature and pressure sensor; 14. Auxiliary radiator; 15. Auxiliary water tank; 16. Auxiliary water circuit filter element; 17. Third water pump; 18. Fifth temperature and pressure sensor; 19. Sixth temperature and pressure sensor; 20. Electrically controlled two-way valve. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein in the specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0045] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated system of hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage, including a hydrogen fuel cell module 1, a solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, a heat exchanger 3, a main radiator 4, a main controller, a hydrogen pipeline, a first heat dissipation pipeline loop, a first heat exchange pipeline loop, and a second heat exchange pipeline loop; wherein: One end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module 1, and the other end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected to the solid hydrogen storage module 2. The hydrogen fuel cell module 1 includes a stack water outlet and a stack water inlet; The first heat dissipation pipe circuit is connected in sequence to the fuel cell stack outlet, the main radiator 4 inlet, the main radiator 4 outlet, and the fuel cell stack inlet; The heat exchanger 3 includes a first cavity 31 and a second cavity 32, wherein the cavity wall of the first cavity 31 is in contact with the cavity wall of the second cavity 32. The first heat exchange pipeline loop is sequentially connected to the outlet of the fuel cell stack, the inlet of the first cavity 31, the outlet of the first cavity 31, and the inlet of the fuel cell stack. The second heat exchange pipeline loop is sequentially connected to the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module 2, the inlet of the second cavity 32, the outlet of the second cavity 32, and the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. The first heat dissipation pipe circuit, the first heat exchange pipe circuit, and the second heat exchange pipe circuit are filled with coolant. The main controller is used to control the flow rate of the coolant.

[0047] The aforementioned integrated system uses heat exchanger 3 as the heat exchange center. On the one hand, it transfers a large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell from the first heat exchange pipeline loop to the second heat exchange pipeline loop, thereby recovering the large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell into the solid hydrogen storage module 2 as the heat source for the hydrogen release and heat absorption of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. On the other hand, it uses the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage module 2 as the hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0048] Through the aforementioned energy cycle process, the heat exchanger 3 of the integrated system, acting as an auxiliary radiator, cools the hydrogen fuel cell, meeting its heat dissipation requirements and reducing auxiliary heat dissipation costs. Simultaneously, the system recovers and utilizes the heat energy from the hydrogen fuel cell and utilizes the heat released from the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, improving the energy utilization rate of the hydrogen fuel cell. Furthermore, by recovering heat energy to provide hydrogen release energy for the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, auxiliary heating devices such as heaters are effectively eliminated from the integrated system, reducing auxiliary heating costs for solid-state hydrogen storage and ultimately improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the integrated system.

[0049] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a main water tank 5, a deionizer 6, and a main water path filter element 7; wherein: The exhaust port of the main radiator 4 is connected to the first air inlet of the main water tank 5, the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 is connected to the second air inlet of the main water tank 5 through the deionizer 6, and the water outlet of the main water tank 5 is connected to the water supply port of the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 through the main water filter element 7.

[0050] In this implementation, a main water tank 5 is set up to collect the high-heat gas products emitted by the main radiator 4 and the hydrogen fuel cell. Firstly, water is added to the cooling circulation loop, causing the high-heat gas produced by the integrated system to condense into an aqueous solution in the main water tank. This solution is then filtered through the main water filter and recycled back to the water circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell, replenishing the water lost in the cooling circulation loop. This effectively improves the resource utilization rate of the integrated system and reduces the resource consumption for power generation by the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0051] Secondly, the main water tank shell is usually made of transparent or semi-transparent engineering materials and is marked with clear maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) liquid level scale lines, which makes it easy to observe whether the liquid level of the coolant in the cooling system is between the MAX and MIN lines.

[0052] Thirdly, the main water tank is equipped with a coolant filling port, which enables the cooling system to be filled with coolant, and this port can remove any residual air in the coolant circulation loop system during the filling process.

[0053] Fourthly, the main water tank provides sufficient expansion space for the density and volume changes caused by thermal expansion and contraction when the coolant circulates in the loop system to absorb and dissipate heat, thereby maintaining the pressure stability in the cooling loop system.

[0054] The deionizer 6 is used to filter out metal ions carried in the gas produced by the hydrogen fuel cell reaction, so as to improve the purity of the deionized water subsequently recovered to the hydrogen fuel cell system through the water inlet.

[0055] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a first water pump 8, a first temperature and pressure sensor 9, and a second temperature and pressure sensor 10; wherein: The first water pump 8 is installed in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit; the first temperature and pressure sensor 9 is installed at the water outlet of the fuel cell stack; the second temperature and pressure sensor 10 is installed at the water inlet of the fuel cell stack. The first water pump 8, the first temperature and pressure sensor 9, and the second temperature and pressure sensor 10 are electrically connected to the main controller, respectively. The main controller is used to obtain a first temperature difference and a first pressure difference through the first temperature and pressure sensor 9 and the second temperature and pressure sensor 10, and then control the speed of the first water pump 8 based on the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit.

[0056] In this implementation, the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is monitored in real time based on the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference. When the heat dissipation effect of the stack is poor, the speed of the first water pump 8 is increased, which increases the flow rate of the coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, improves the heat dissipation rate of the coolant on the stack, ensures that the hydrogen fuel cell stack does not overheat, and thus improves the operating efficiency and safety of the integrated system.

[0057] Further, the step of obtaining the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference through the first temperature and pressure sensor 9 and the second temperature and pressure sensor 10, and then controlling the speed of the first water pump 8 based on the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, includes: The temperature and pressure at the fuel cell outlet are obtained by the first temperature and pressure sensor 9. The fuel cell inlet temperature and fuel cell inlet pressure are obtained by the second temperature and pressure sensor 10. The first temperature difference is obtained based on the outlet temperature and inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the first pressure difference is obtained based on the outlet pressure and inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack. Obtain the first heat dissipation pipe diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, and then obtain the first coolant flow rate based on the first heat dissipation pipe diameter and the first pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the first temperature difference, and the first coolant flow rate. The heat release power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the preset rated power and preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the heat dissipation power range is obtained based on the heat release power. The rotational speed of the first water pump 8 is controlled to ensure that the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack meets the heat dissipation power range.

[0058] It should be noted that during the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell, the chemical energy generated by the electrochemical reaction is partially converted into electrical energy and partially into heat energy. To ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate at its rated power and rated energy conversion efficiency, the heat dissipation rate of the coolant to the hydrogen fuel cell must meet the operating safety standards for hydrogen fuel cells, ensuring that the hydrogen fuel cell stack does not overheat.

[0059] Therefore, in this implementation, the heat release power of the fuel cell stack under the condition of supplying power at the rated power is calculated based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the heat release power range of the fuel cell stack that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined based on the heat release power.

[0060] To accurately monitor the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack, this implementation indirectly monitors the heat dissipation power by monitoring the heat absorption rate of the coolant between its inlet and outlet. This is based on the heat balance formula. Calculate the heat absorption rate at which the coolant removes heat from the fuel cell stack, where Q represents the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack (kW); V represents the coolant flow rate (L / min); C represents the specific heat capacity of the coolant (kJ / (kg·℃); ΔT represents the temperature difference (℃); and ρ represents the coolant density (Kg / L).

[0061] Specifically, ΔT represents the first temperature difference, which is the temperature rise of the coolant from its inlet to its outlet in the fuel cell stack. This implementation is based on the relationship between pressure difference and liquid flow rate in fluid mechanics. Based on the pressure difference between the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack and the diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe, the flow rate of the coolant between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack is calculated. kIt represents the coolant resistance coefficient, which can be predetermined based on the pipe diameter and coolant properties of the pipeline circuit.

[0062] Finally, based on the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack monitored and fed back, the speed of the first water pump 8 is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, so that the hydrogen fuel cell stack operates at a stable and safe temperature, and the operational stability of the integrated system is improved.

[0063] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a second water pump 11, a third temperature and pressure sensor 12, and a fourth temperature and pressure sensor 13; wherein: The second water pump 11 is installed in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit; the third temperature and pressure sensor 12 is installed at the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module 2; the second temperature and pressure sensor 10 is installed at the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. The second water pump 11, the third temperature and pressure sensor 12, and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor 13 are respectively electrically connected to the main controller; The main controller is used to obtain the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference through the third temperature and pressure sensor 12 and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor 13, and then control the speed of the second water pump 11 based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit.

[0064] In this implementation, the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module 2 is monitored in real time based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference. When the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module 2 is low, the speed of the second water pump 11 is increased, which increases the flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit and increases the rate at which the coolant provides heat to the solid hydrogen storage module 2. This ensures that the solid hydrogen storage module 2 can absorb heat and release hydrogen at a certain power, providing enough hydrogen flow to the hydrogen fuel cell to operate at its rated power, thereby improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0065] Further, the step of obtaining the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference through the third temperature and pressure sensor 12 and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor 13, and then controlling the speed of the second water pump 11 based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit, includes: The temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet are obtained by the third temperature and pressure sensor 12. The temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet are obtained by the fourth temperature and pressure sensor 13. The second temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage inlet, and the second pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet; Obtain the heat exchange pipe diameter of the second heat exchange pipe loop, and then obtain the second coolant flow rate based on the heat exchange pipe diameter and the second pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the second temperature difference, and the second coolant flow rate. The rated hydrogen flow rate is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell; Obtain the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module 2, and then obtain the heat absorption power range based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve and the rated hydrogen flow rate. The rotational speed of the second water pump 11 is controlled to ensure that the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage meets the heat absorption power range.

[0066] It should be noted that during the operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, hydrogen is generated by absorbing heat carried by the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline loop. To ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate at its rated power and rated energy conversion efficiency, it is necessary to ensure that the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2 supplies sufficient hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the heat absorption power of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2 so as to generate a hydrogen flow rate that meets the requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0067] Therefore, in this implementation, the rated hydrogen flow rate required by the hydrogen fuel cell is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the rated heat absorption power of solid hydrogen storage corresponding to the rated hydrogen flow rate is determined based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. Based on the rated heat absorption power, the range of solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined.

[0068] To accurately monitor the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack, this implementation indirectly monitors the heat absorption power of solid-state hydrogen storage by monitoring the heat release rate of the coolant between its inflow into the solid-state hydrogen storage inlet and its outflow from the solid-state hydrogen storage outlet. This is based on the heat balance formula. Calculate the heat release rate of the coolant supplying heat to the solid hydrogen storage, where Q represents the heat absorption power of solid hydrogen storage in kW; V represents the coolant flow rate in L / min; C represents the specific heat capacity of the coolant in kJ / (kg·℃); ΔT represents the temperature difference in ℃; and ρ represents the coolant density in kg / L.

[0069] Specifically, ΔT represents the first temperature difference, which is the temperature drop of the coolant from its inlet to its outlet in solid hydrogen storage. This implementation is based on the relationship between pressure difference and liquid flow rate in fluid mechanics. Based on the pressure difference between the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack and the diameter of the heat exchange tubes, the flow rate of the coolant between the inlet and outlet of the solid hydrogen storage system is calculated.k It represents the coolant resistance coefficient, which can be predetermined based on the pipe diameter and coolant properties of the pipeline circuit.

[0070] Finally, based on the monitoring feedback of the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power, the speed of the second water pump 11 is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit, so that the solid hydrogen storage can release sufficient hydrogen flow to supply the hydrogen fuel cell to operate at rated power, thus improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0071] Further, refer to Figure 1 The integrated system also includes an electrically controlled two-way valve 20, which is installed on the first heat exchange pipeline loop. Specifically, based on the monitored and feedback solid-state hydrogen storage heat absorption power, the speed of the second water pump 11 is adjusted to control the flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline loop. Simultaneously, the opening of the electrically controlled two-way valve 20 is adjusted to synchronously control the flow rate of the coolant in the first heat exchange pipeline loop. This dynamically adjusts the coolant flow rate between the heat exchanger 3 and the main radiator 4, ensuring that the heat transferred from the heat exchanger to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2 meets the heat absorption requirements of solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, in order to ensure that the upper limit of the coolant flow rate of the first heat exchange pipeline loop can meet the heating demand of the solid hydrogen storage module 2 when the electronically controlled double-way valve 20 is 100% open, the pipe diameters of the first heat dissipation pipeline loop and the first heat exchange pipeline loop need to be designed.

[0073] Specifically, in this integrated system, the maximum power of the solid hydrogen storage module 2, that is, the hydrogen flow rate generated by the solid hydrogen storage module 2, can meet the hydrogen flow rate required for the hydrogen fuel cell system to operate at rated power.

[0074] Therefore, in this embodiment, the hydrogen flow rate required for the hydrogen fuel cell system to reach its rated operating point and operate stably is first calculated as the maximum hydrogen flow rate.

[0075] Next, the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the alloy material of the solid hydrogen storage module 2 is obtained. The relationship between the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen flow rate is calculated based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve. The maximum heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module 2 corresponding to the maximum hydrogen flow rate is also calculated based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve.

[0076] Next, the heat release rate of the coolant supplying heat to the solid hydrogen storage module is calculated according to the heat balance formula, thereby obtaining the maximum coolant flow rate corresponding to the maximum heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage module 2.

[0077] Finally, based on the flow resistance data of the main radiator 4 and the heat exchanger 3, CFD simulation calculations were performed using computer simulation software to analyze the flow distribution of the first heat dissipation pipe loop and the first heat exchange pipe loop of the integrated system under the opening of the electrically controlled double-way valve 20100%. Then, the pipe inner diameter was adjusted in combination with the simulation results so that the peak flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipe loop meets the maximum coolant flow rate.

[0078] It should be noted that the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell is directly proportional to the required hydrogen flow rate, and consequently directly proportional to the coolant flow rates of the first and second heat exchange pipeline circuits. When the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell changes, the coolant flow rates of the first and second heat exchange pipeline circuits can be adjusted by regulating the valve opening of the electronically controlled dual-way valve 20 and the rotational speed of the second water pump 11. This allows for dynamic adjustment of the heat absorption power and hydrogen release flow rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2, thereby meeting the hydrogen flow rate requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell system in real time.

[0079] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes an auxiliary radiator 14, an auxiliary water tank 15, an auxiliary water filter element 16, and a second heat dissipation pipe circuit; the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 also includes an auxiliary radiator outlet and an auxiliary radiator inlet; wherein: the second heat dissipation pipe circuit is sequentially connected to the auxiliary radiator outlet, the inlet of the auxiliary radiator 14, the outlet of the auxiliary radiator 14, and the auxiliary radiator inlet; The exhaust port of the auxiliary radiator 14 is connected to the air inlet of the auxiliary water tank 15, and the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank 15 is connected to the auxiliary water outlet through the auxiliary water filter element 16.

[0080] It should be noted that the auxiliary radiator, which consists of the auxiliary radiator, auxiliary water tank, auxiliary water filter element, and second heat dissipation pipe circuit, can dissipate heat for auxiliary components in the hydrogen fuel cell module other than the stack, such as the air compressor and intercooler, through the auxiliary radiator inlet and outlet.

[0081] Therefore, in this implementation, an auxiliary radiator 14 is used to dissipate heat from the hydrogen fuel cell air compressor, ensuring it operates in a stable and safe temperature environment. An auxiliary water tank 15 is used to collect the high-heat gas products discharged from the auxiliary radiator 14, allowing the produced high-heat gas to condense into an aqueous solution in the auxiliary water tank 15. This solution is then filtered through the auxiliary water filter element 16 and recycled back to the coolant circulation system of the second heat dissipation pipe loop, effectively improving the resource utilization rate of the integrated system.

[0082] Furthermore, the integrated system also includes a third water pump 17, a fifth temperature and pressure sensor 18, and a sixth temperature and pressure sensor 19; wherein: The third water pump 17 is installed in the second heat dissipation pipe circuit; the fifth temperature and pressure sensor 18 is installed on the auxiliary radiator outlet; the sixth temperature and pressure sensor 19 is installed on the auxiliary radiator inlet; The third water pump 17, the fifth temperature and pressure sensor 18, and the sixth temperature and pressure sensor 19 are respectively electrically connected to the main controller; The main controller is used to obtain a third temperature difference and a third pressure difference through the fifth temperature and pressure sensor 18 and the sixth temperature and pressure sensor 19, and then control the speed of the third water pump 17 based on the third temperature difference and the third pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat dissipation pipe circuit.

[0083] In this implementation, the operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell air compressor is monitored by monitoring the temperature difference between the auxiliary inlet and outlet, and the coolant flow rate of the second heat dissipation pipe circuit is monitored by monitoring the pressure difference between the auxiliary inlet and outlet. Then, the coolant flow rate is adjusted by regulating the speed of the third water pump 17 to ensure that the operating temperature of the air compressor is within the rated safe range, thereby improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 2 The second embodiment of the present invention also provides a hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated control method, which is applicable to a hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system as described in any one of the first aspects, and is executed by a main controller; the method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the temperature and pressure at the fuel cell stack outlet; S2. Obtain the fuel cell stack inlet temperature and fuel cell stack inlet pressure; S3. A first temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the temperature of the fuel cell inlet, and a first pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the fuel cell outlet and the pressure of the fuel cell inlet; S4. Obtain the first heat dissipation pipe diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, and then obtain the first coolant flow rate based on the first heat dissipation pipe diameter and the first pressure difference. S5. Obtain the specific heat capacity and density of the coolant, and then obtain the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack based on the specific heat capacity, density, first temperature difference and first coolant flow rate. S6. Obtain the stack heat release power based on the preset hydrogen fuel cell rated power and preset hydrogen fuel cell power generation efficiency, and then obtain the heat dissipation power range based on the heat release power. S7. Control the coolant flow rate of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit to control the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack to meet the heat dissipation power range.

[0085] Furthermore, the control method for the integrated hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage system also includes: Obtain the temperature and pressure at the solid hydrogen storage outlet; Obtain the temperature and pressure at the solid hydrogen storage inlet; A second temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage inlet, and a second pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet. Obtain the heat exchange pipe diameter of the second heat exchange pipe loop, and then obtain the second coolant flow rate based on the heat exchange pipe diameter and the second pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the second temperature difference, and the second coolant flow rate. The rated hydrogen flow rate is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell; Obtain the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module, and then obtain the endothermic power range based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve and the rated hydrogen flow rate. The flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline loop is controlled to ensure that the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage meets the heat absorption power range.

[0086] The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system and control method provided by the present invention have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art: The present invention uses heat exchanger 3 as a heat energy exchange center. On the one hand, a large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is transferred from the first heat exchange pipeline loop to the second heat exchange pipeline loop, and then the large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered to the solid hydrogen storage module 2 as a heat source for the hydrogen release and heat absorption of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. On the other hand, the hydrogen released by the solid hydrogen storage module 2 is used as the hydrogen source of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0087] This invention integrates the thermal management design of the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2. Temperature and pressure sensors and a water pump are added to the circuit. The main controller regulates and controls each actuator to recover and utilize the large amount of heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell module 1 during operation, which is then used for heating the hydrogen released from the solid-state hydrogen storage module 2. This reduces the heat dissipation energy consumption of the fuel cell system and the auxiliary heating energy consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, while also reducing heat dissipation noise and costs, and improving heat utilization efficiency.

[0088] Specifically, the present invention calculates the heat release power of the fuel cell stack under the condition of supplying power at the rated power based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and determines the heat dissipation power range of the fuel cell stack that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the heat release power.

[0089] Furthermore, the present invention obtains the rated hydrogen flow rate required by the hydrogen fuel cell based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then determines the rated heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage corresponding to the rated hydrogen flow rate based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module 2. Based on the rated heat absorption power, the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power range that can ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined.

[0090] Finally, based on the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack monitored and fed back, the speed of the first water pump 8 is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, so that the hydrogen fuel cell stack operates at a stable and safe temperature; and based on the heat absorption power of solid hydrogen storage monitored and fed back, the speed of the second water pump 11 is adjusted, thereby controlling the flow rate of coolant in the second heat exchange pipe circuit, so that the solid hydrogen storage releases sufficient hydrogen flow to supply the hydrogen fuel cell to operate at rated power, thereby improving the operational stability of the integrated system.

[0091] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; however, any combination of these technical features that does not contradict each other should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0092] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and substitutions without departing from the concept of this application, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen fuel cell module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a heat exchanger, a main radiator, a main controller, hydrogen pipelines, a first heat dissipation pipeline loop, a first heat exchange pipeline loop, and a second heat exchange pipeline loop; wherein: One end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell module, and the other end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected to the solid hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen fuel cell module includes a stack water outlet and a stack water inlet; The first heat dissipation pipe circuit is sequentially connected to the fuel cell stack outlet, the main radiator inlet, the main radiator outlet, and the fuel cell stack inlet; The heat exchanger includes a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the cavity wall of the first cavity is in contact with the cavity wall of the second cavity; The first heat exchange pipeline loop is sequentially connected to the fuel cell stack outlet, the first cavity inlet, the first cavity outlet, and the fuel cell stack inlet; The second heat exchange pipeline loop is sequentially connected to the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module, the inlet of the second cavity, the outlet of the second cavity, and the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module; The first heat dissipation pipe circuit, the first heat exchange pipe circuit, and the second heat exchange pipe circuit are filled with coolant. The main controller is used to control the flow rate of the coolant.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the main water tank, deionizer, and main water circuit filter; among which: The exhaust port of the main radiator is connected to the first air inlet of the main water tank, the exhaust port of the hydrogen fuel cell module is connected to the second air inlet of the main water tank through the deionizer, and the water outlet of the main water tank is connected to the water supply port of the hydrogen fuel cell module through the main water filter element.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first water pump, a first temperature and pressure sensor, and a second temperature and pressure sensor; wherein: The first water pump is installed in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit; the first temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the water outlet of the fuel cell stack; the second temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the water inlet of the fuel cell stack. The first water pump, the first temperature and pressure sensor, and the second temperature and pressure sensor are each electrically connected to the main controller; The main controller is used to obtain a first temperature difference and a first pressure difference through the first temperature and pressure sensor and the second temperature and pressure sensor, and then control the speed of the first water pump based on the first temperature difference and the first pressure difference, so as to control the flow of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of obtaining a first temperature difference and a first pressure difference through the first temperature and pressure sensors and then controlling the speed of the first water pump based on the first temperature and pressure differences to control the flow of coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit includes: The temperature and pressure at the fuel cell outlet are obtained using the first temperature and pressure sensor. The fuel cell inlet temperature and fuel cell inlet pressure are obtained through the second temperature and pressure sensor. The first temperature difference is obtained based on the outlet temperature and inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the first pressure difference is obtained based on the outlet pressure and inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack. Obtain the first heat dissipation pipe diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, and then obtain the first coolant flow rate based on the first heat dissipation pipe diameter and the first pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the first temperature difference, and the first coolant flow rate. The heat release power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the preset rated power and preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the heat dissipation power range is obtained based on the heat release power. The rotational speed of the first water pump is controlled to ensure that the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack meets the heat dissipation power range.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second water pump, a third temperature and pressure sensor, and a fourth temperature and pressure sensor; among which: The second water pump is installed in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit; the third temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module; the second temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module. The second water pump, the third temperature and pressure sensor, and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor are each electrically connected to the main controller; The main controller is used to obtain the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference through the third temperature and pressure sensor and the fourth temperature and pressure sensor, and then control the speed of the second water pump based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of obtaining a second temperature difference and a second pressure difference through the third and fourth temperature and pressure sensors, and then controlling the speed of the second water pump based on the second temperature difference and the second pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline circuit, includes: The temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet are obtained through the third temperature and pressure sensor. The temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet are obtained through the fourth temperature and pressure sensor. The second temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage inlet, and the second pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet; Obtain the heat exchange pipe diameter of the second heat exchange pipe loop, and then obtain the second coolant flow rate based on the heat exchange pipe diameter and the second pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the second temperature difference, and the second coolant flow rate. The rated hydrogen flow rate is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell; Obtain the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module, and then obtain the heat absorption power range based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve and the rated hydrogen flow rate; The rotational speed of the second water pump is controlled to ensure that the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage meets the heat absorption power range.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary radiator, an auxiliary water tank, an auxiliary water filter element, and a second heat dissipation pipe circuit; the hydrogen fuel cell module also includes an auxiliary radiator outlet and an auxiliary radiator inlet; wherein: the second heat dissipation pipe circuit is sequentially connected to the auxiliary radiator outlet, the auxiliary radiator inlet, the auxiliary radiator outlet, and the auxiliary radiator inlet; The exhaust port of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the air inlet of the auxiliary water tank, and the water outlet of the auxiliary water tank is connected to the auxiliary water outlet through the auxiliary water filter element.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a third water pump, a fifth temperature and pressure sensor, and a sixth temperature and pressure sensor; among which: The third water pump is installed in the second heat dissipation pipe circuit; the fifth temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the auxiliary radiator outlet; the sixth temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the auxiliary radiator inlet; The third water pump, the fifth temperature and pressure sensor, and the sixth temperature and pressure sensor are electrically connected to the main controller. The main controller is used to obtain a third temperature difference and a third pressure difference through the fifth temperature and pressure sensor and the sixth temperature and pressure sensor, and then control the speed of the third water pump based on the third temperature difference and the third pressure difference to control the flow of coolant in the second heat dissipation pipe circuit.

9. A method for integrating hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state hydrogen storage for control, characterized in that, Applicable to a hydrogen fuel cell and solid-state hydrogen storage integrated system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and executed by a main controller; the method includes the following steps: Obtain the fuel cell stack outlet temperature and fuel cell stack outlet pressure; Obtain the fuel cell stack inlet temperature and fuel cell stack inlet pressure; A first temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the temperature at the fuel cell inlet, and a first pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure at the fuel cell outlet and the pressure at the fuel cell inlet. Obtain the first heat dissipation pipe diameter of the first heat dissipation pipe circuit, and then obtain the first coolant flow rate based on the first heat dissipation pipe diameter and the first pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the first temperature difference, and the first coolant flow rate. The heat release power of the fuel cell stack is obtained based on the preset rated power and preset power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell, and then the heat dissipation power range is obtained based on the heat release power. The flow rate of the coolant in the first heat dissipation pipe circuit is controlled to ensure that the heat dissipation power of the fuel cell stack meets the heat dissipation power range.

10. The integrated control method for hydrogen fuel cells and solid-state hydrogen storage according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain the temperature and pressure at the solid hydrogen storage outlet; Obtain the temperature and pressure at the solid hydrogen storage inlet; A second temperature difference is obtained based on the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage inlet, and a second pressure difference is obtained based on the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage outlet and the pressure of the solid hydrogen storage inlet. Obtain the heat exchange pipe diameter of the second heat exchange pipe loop, and then obtain the second coolant flow rate based on the heat exchange pipe diameter and the second pressure difference; The specific heat capacity and density of the coolant are obtained, and then the solid hydrogen storage heat absorption power is obtained based on the specific heat capacity, the density, the second temperature difference, and the second coolant flow rate. The rated hydrogen flow rate is obtained based on the preset rated power of the hydrogen fuel cell; Obtain the hydrogen release characteristic curve of the solid hydrogen storage module, and then obtain the endothermic power range based on the hydrogen release characteristic curve and the rated hydrogen flow rate. The flow rate of the coolant in the second heat exchange pipeline loop is controlled to ensure that the heat absorption power of the solid hydrogen storage meets the heat absorption power range.

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