Immersion liquid cooling energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control

Abstract

The application discloses an immersed liquid cooling energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control, which comprises an energy storage cabinet, a plurality of integrated battery pack assemblies, a special temperature control control board and a battery management system. The energy storage cabinet has a plurality of battery pack mounting cavities. Each integrated battery pack assembly is embedded in each battery pack mounting cavity, wherein the integrated battery pack assembly comprises an electrical warehouse shell, a heat insulation sealing partition plate and a battery warehouse shell which are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back. Two groups of lateral flow guide channels are symmetrically fixed to the left and right inner walls inside the battery warehouse shell, the liquid distribution holes of the lateral flow guide channels face the top tab area, and the center liquid outlet pipe is arranged at the center position between the plurality of battery cell modules and located at the bottom of the battery warehouse shell. In this way, through the integrated electrical warehouse shell and the battery warehouse shell, independent temperature control of each battery pack, the heat dissipation mode of upward and downward, the device integration, the temperature control precision and the temperature uniformity can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage systems, specifically to an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, immersion liquid-cooled energy storage systems are the mainstream heat dissipation solution in the field of new energy storage. Their basic principle is to completely immerse the battery pack in a cooling medium, which then circulates and removes the heat generated during battery charging and discharging. A battery pack, or battery module, is a complete battery system unit composed of multiple individual battery cells or battery groups. It integrates a battery management system, thermal management, and mechanical structure to provide stable power and safe operation.

[0003] Typical existing submerged liquid-cooled energy storage systems consist of the following components: a liquid-cooled chiller system, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating system, and a traditional shunt architecture. Existing submerged liquid-cooled energy storage systems generally use a liquid-cooled chiller as the core cooling equipment. The chiller controls the temperature of the cooling medium through refrigerant circulation. Submerged liquid-cooled energy storage systems require simultaneous connection to both cooling medium piping and refrigerant piping, resulting in a complex piping system with numerous components. In low-temperature environments, existing submerged liquid-cooled energy storage systems require a PTC heater to preheat the cooling medium to ensure the batteries operate within a suitable temperature range. Existing submerged liquid-cooled energy storage systems typically use a single cooling medium source, distributing the cooling medium to multiple battery packs via a shunt. However, the shunt accuracy is limited, and differences in cooling capacity distribution exist between different battery packs.

[0004] Existing mainstream immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system technologies are mainly divided into two categories: centralized liquid-cooled unit immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system and split semiconductor cooler temperature-controlled immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system. The centralized liquid-cooled unit immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system uses an energy storage cabinet to centrally arrange multiple battery packs. All battery packs share a centralized liquid-cooled unit and refrigerant piping, and the cooling medium is distributed to each battery pack through a distributor. The battery cell modules inside the battery pack are immersed in the cooling medium, often using a bottom-inlet and top / side-outlet flow channel design. The cooling medium is centrally cooled by the liquid-cooled unit and then circulated back. In low-temperature environments, the cooling medium is preheated by a centralized PTC heater, and an external heat dissipation unit is used to achieve system heat exchange.

[0005] Centralized thermoelectric coolers (TECs), also known as semiconductor coolers, are heat dissipation devices made using the Peltier effect. Split-type thermoelectric cooler temperature-controlled immersion liquid-cooled energy storage systems employ a separate design for the battery compartment and temperature control compartment. External piping connects the battery compartment and temperature control compartment to form a liquid circulation path. Fans are typically installed in a blower configuration, directly facing the TEC's hot-end heat dissipation fins, using a top-in, bottom-out / front-out airflow design to force convection and remove heat from the TEC's hot end. Each temperature control unit corresponds to one or more battery packs, without a distributed independent temperature control architecture.

[0006] Existing mainstream immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system technologies suffer from numerous drawbacks: The centralized shunt architecture exhibits extremely poor temperature control uniformity and accuracy, failing to achieve independent cooling distribution among battery packs, resulting in temperature differences between packs generally exceeding 5°C; the battery packs often employ a bottom-inlet flow channel design, leading to insufficient heat exchange in the core heat-generating area at the top of the cells, resulting in significant overheating issues at the top under high-rate charge / discharge conditions, with internal temperature differences exceeding 5°C within a single battery pack, and overall system temperature control accuracy of only ±3°C, failing to achieve independent and precise temperature control for individual battery packs; the centralized shunt architecture is complex and costly, relying on centralized liquid cooling units and PTC heaters, requiring separate piping systems for the cooling medium and refrigerant. The system suffers from several drawbacks: a large number of components, high overall system cost, and significant maintenance challenges; low integration and high leakage and safety risks due to numerous external pipe connections and sealing joints, leading to numerous leak points; lack of effective physical isolation between liquid cooling and electrical units, making short circuits and fires more likely due to cooling medium leakage, resulting in weak safety protection; low energy efficiency and high operating costs due to the use of high-viscosity L30 cooling medium, resulting in high flow resistance and high power consumption of the circulating pump; design flaws in the TEC air-cooling scheme, including numerous heat exchange dead zones and high air resistance, with TEC hot-end temperature differences exceeding 8°C, and a coefficient of performance (COP) generally below 2.0 at 35°C, leading to low overall system energy efficiency; weak wide-temperature adaptability and insufficient thermal buffering capacity of the centralized split-flow architecture, relying on different components for heat dissipation and heating, resulting in poor flexibility in switching operating conditions and inability to adapt to wide-temperature application scenarios; and the lack of phase-change thermal buffering design in the split-flow architecture, leading to significant thermal shock to the battery cells under peak charge and discharge conditions, causing rapid temperature increases and accelerating cell degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One advantage of this invention is that it provides an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source. This device can independently and accurately control the temperature of each battery pack, improving temperature control accuracy; it can rationally allocate cooling capacity, reducing the temperature difference inside and between battery packs, thus improving heat exchange efficiency; it can solve the problem of overheating at the top of the battery cells, extending the cycle life of the cells and reducing the risk of thermal runaway; it can achieve efficient bidirectional switching between cooling and heating, adapting to a wide range of ambient temperatures (e.g., -40℃ to 60℃), balancing high-temperature heat dissipation and low-temperature preheating, making it highly adaptable to various scenarios; it can simplify the overall structure of the device, improve assembly efficiency, and reduce the complexity of the device structure and the difficulty of later maintenance; it can reduce the flow resistance of the cooling medium and the power consumption of the circulating pump, optimize the air-cooling scheme of the semiconductor refrigeration components, and improve the cooling efficiency of the semiconductor refrigeration components and the overall energy efficiency of the system; it can reduce the risk of cooling medium leakage and improve the intrinsic safety performance of the device.

[0008] This invention provides an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source, comprising: The energy storage cabinet has multiple battery pack mounting cavities; Multiple integrated battery pack assemblies, each integrated battery pack assembly is respectively embedded in the mounting cavity of each battery pack, wherein the integrated battery pack assembly includes an electrical compartment housing, a heat insulation and sealing partition and a battery compartment housing that are fixedly connected from front to back; Dedicated temperature control board; and The battery management system has a dedicated temperature control board that can be electrically connected to the battery management system to control its operating parameters based on the temperature signals of each integrated battery pack assembly. Inside the battery compartment housing, a module mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the battery compartment housing, and multiple battery cell modules are fastened to the module mounting bracket. Cooling medium is filled and contained inside the battery compartment housing, and the battery cell modules are completely immersed in the cooling medium. Two sets of lateral flow channels are symmetrically fixed to the left and right inner walls inside the battery compartment housing. The liquid distribution holes of the lateral flow channels face the top tab area, and the central liquid outlet pipe is located at the center between the multiple battery cell modules and at the bottom of the battery compartment housing.

[0009] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to the present invention, the apertures of the plurality of liquid distribution holes in the lateral flow channel are arranged in a gradient, wherein the apertures of the liquid distribution holes closer to the liquid inlet of the battery compartment housing are smaller; and / or the opening density of the plurality of liquid distribution holes in the lateral flow channel is arranged in a gradient, wherein the opening density of the liquid distribution holes closer to the liquid inlet of the battery compartment housing is smaller.

[0010] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of TEC cold source according to the present invention, the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of TEC cold source further includes a waterproof and breathable valve disposed on the side wall of the electrical compartment housing.

[0011] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of TEC cold source according to the present invention, an integrated mounting bracket is fixed to the inner wall of the electrical compartment shell; a circulating pump, a semiconductor refrigeration component, and a control circuit board are mounted on the integrated mounting bracket by fasteners; a cooling fan is fixedly located directly above the air outlet of the bottom plate of the electrical compartment shell and faces the air outlet of the bottom plate; the heat dissipation fins of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration component are spatially aligned and parallel to the air inlets on both sides of the electrical compartment shell.

[0012] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of TEC cold source according to the present invention, the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of TEC cold source further includes temperature sensors attached and fixed to the battery cell module and the inlet and outlet of the flow channel.

[0013] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to the present invention, the cooling medium establishes a fluid communication relationship with the inside of the central outlet pipe through the return hole of the central outlet pipe; the inlet end of the circulation pump passes through the heat-insulating sealing partition and is sealed and connected with the outlet end of the central outlet pipe.

[0014] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of TEC cold source according to the present invention, the outlet end of the circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the cold end heat exchange channel of the semiconductor refrigeration component; the front end of the lateral flow channel penetrates through the heat-insulating sealing partition and establishes a sealed connection with the outlet of the cold end heat exchange channel of the semiconductor refrigeration component.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source is proposed, comprising: The energy storage cabinet has multiple battery pack mounting cavities; Multiple integrated battery pack assemblies, each integrated battery pack assembly is respectively embedded in the mounting cavity of each battery pack, wherein the integrated battery pack assembly includes an electrical compartment housing, a heat insulation and sealing partition and a battery compartment housing that are fixedly connected from front to back; Inside the battery compartment housing, a cooling medium is filled and housed within the housing, and the battery cell module is completely immersed in the cooling medium. The module mounting bracket is fixedly connected inside the battery compartment housing, and a floating positioning base is embedded in the bottom of the battery compartment housing, forming a clearance fit with the positioning hole at the bottom of the battery compartment housing. An axial guide pin vertically penetrates the central through hole of the floating positioning base, allowing the battery cell module to generate controlled micro-displacement in the vertical direction along the axial guide pin. Multiple sets of gradient elastic clamping ribs are segmented along the height direction of the battery cell module and clamped between the battery cell module and the left and / or right inner walls of the battery compartment housing. The material stiffness of the gradient elastic clamping ribs decreases from bottom to top.

[0016] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to the present invention, the gradient elastic clamping ribs located in the bottom region of the cell module are made of high-stiffness elastomer material, and the gradient elastic clamping ribs located in the top region of the cell module are made of low-stiffness elastomer material.

[0017] In one embodiment of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to the present invention, a thermally conductive elastic pad is sandwiched between the inner surface of each set of gradient elastic clamping ribs and the outer wall of the battery cell module. The thermally conductive elastic pad is in close contact with the outer wall of the battery cell module, and the thermally conductive elastic pad is bonded and fixed to the inner surface of the gradient elastic clamping rib.

[0018] The further objects and advantages of the invention will become fully apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same parts or steps.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components forming a unit structure of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3This is another perspective view of the unit structure formed by a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a top view of a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components forming a unit structure of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a first partial perspective view of the unit structure formed by a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a second partial perspective view of a unit structure formed by a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a third partial perspective view of a unit structure formed by a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a fourth partial perspective view of a unit structure formed by a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the semiconductor cooling component and cooling fan of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the semiconductor cooling component and cooling fan of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a modified embodiment of a single integrated battery pack assembly and its internal components forming a unit structure of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0032] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more," meaning that in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple. The term "a" should not be construed as a limitation on the quantity. "Multiple" means two or more.

[0033] While ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., will be used to describe various components, this does not limit those components. The term is used only to distinguish one component from another; for example, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component, without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “having” refer to the presence of the features, numbers, operations, components, elements or combinations thereof specified as used in this specification, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, elements or combinations thereof.

[0035] As mentioned above, existing mainstream immersion liquid-cooled energy storage system technologies have many shortcomings: The centralized shunt architecture suffers from extremely poor temperature control uniformity and accuracy: it cannot achieve independent distribution of cooling capacity to each battery pack, resulting in temperature differences between battery packs generally exceeding 5°C; the battery packs often employ a bottom-inlet flow channel design, leading to insufficient heat exchange in the core heating area at the top of the cells, resulting in significant overheating issues at the top under high-rate charge / discharge conditions, with internal temperature differences exceeding 5°C within a single battery pack, and the overall system temperature control accuracy being only ±3°C, failing to achieve independent and precise temperature control for individual battery packs; the centralized shunt architecture is complex and costly: it relies on centralized liquid cooling units and PTC heaters, requiring two sets of piping for the cooling medium and refrigerant. The system has many components, resulting in high overall system cost and difficult maintenance. The split architecture has low integration and high leakage and safety risks: numerous external pipe connection points and a large number of sealing joints lead to numerous leak points; the liquid cooling unit and electrical unit are not effectively physically isolated, and leakage of the cooling medium can easily cause short circuits and fires, resulting in weak safety protection; the split architecture system has low energy efficiency and high operating costs: the use of high-viscosity L30 cooling medium results in high flow resistance and high power consumption of the circulating pump; the TEC air-cooling solution has design flaws, with many heat exchange dead zones and high air resistance, resulting in a TEC hot-end temperature difference exceeding 8°C, and a coefficient of performance (COP) generally below 2.0 at 35°C ambient temperature, leading to low overall system energy efficiency; the centralized split architecture has weak wide-temperature range adaptability and insufficient thermal buffering capacity: heat dissipation and heating rely on different components, resulting in poor flexibility in switching operating conditions and inability to adapt to wide-temperature range application scenarios; the split architecture system lacks a phase change thermal buffer design, leading to large thermal shocks to the battery cells under peak charge and discharge conditions, easily causing sudden temperature rises and accelerating cell degradation.

[0036] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a highly integrated, highly efficient, high-temperature control, highly reliable, and low-cost immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source, in order to solve the technical problems of low integration, poor space utilization, uneven heat exchange caused by unreasonable flow channel design, and insufficient safety of the layout of electrical components and liquid-cooled components in the existing immersion liquid-cooled battery pack system.

[0037] To achieve the above objectives, the core technical concept of this invention lies in adopting a distributed phase-change heat dissipation and independent temperature control architecture that eliminates the need for a liquid-cooled unit. Specifically, through a distributed, integrated single-battery-pack architecture that eliminates the need for a centralized liquid-cooled unit, external refrigerant piping, and PTC heater, independent and precise temperature control is achieved for each battery pack. Structurally, an integrated sealed assembly structure with independent front and rear compartments is set up, that is, the electrical compartment shell and the battery compartment shell are integrated and fixedly connected within the energy storage cabinet. The energy storage cabinet has multiple battery pack mounting cavities, and each battery pack is independently installed in its corresponding mounting cavity, realizing a distributed design of one battery pack, one heat dissipation unit, and one independent temperature control. A dedicated temperature control board communicates with the battery management system and independently controls the operating parameters of the corresponding unit based on the temperature information of each battery pack. The electrical compartment shell and the battery compartment shell are isolated by a heat-insulating and sealed partition, and the liquid circuit closed loop is completely integrated into the integrated sealed assembly structure, eliminating external piping and fundamentally solving the problems of leakage and low integration. The symmetrical double-sided vertical flow channel design, with top liquid distribution and bottom liquid outlet, achieves priority flushing of the highest temperature area of ​​the cell module by the cooling medium, and full immersion heat exchange from top to bottom, which solves the problems of overheating at the top of the cell and poor temperature uniformity, and improves the temperature uniformity of the battery pack.

[0038] Through the above design, this invention achieves significant technical benefits. The rigid isolation architecture of the independent front electrical compartment and the rear battery compartment, along with independent temperature control of the battery packs, improves the temperature control accuracy of each battery pack. This not only completely eliminates the heat loss caused by uneven parallel flow between different battery packs, but also significantly reduces the power consumption of the circulating pump, enabling the entire passive and active thermal management system to achieve long-term operation over an ultra-wide temperature range suitable for extreme environments. Due to the rigid isolation architecture of the independent front electrical compartment and the rear battery compartment, the fluid connection points are greatly simplified, eliminating the probability of short circuits and fires caused by cooling medium leakage spreading to electrical areas due to long-term service. This not only significantly reduces the device's space occupancy rate but also improves its overall sealing performance and explosion-proof safety level. The symmetrical dual-sided vertical flow channel combined with the top-targeted liquid distribution flow field design allows the low-temperature cooling medium to efficiently flush the core tab cooling area at the top of the cell, which is most prone to heat accumulation, in a timely manner. It then completely and thoroughly wets all heat-generating surfaces of the cell module from top to bottom, and finally, the cooled medium, heated by heat exchange, is rapidly collected and extracted from the bottom central outlet pipe. This dynamic circulation significantly reduces the large axial temperature gradient inside the cell, keeping the overall temperature rise of the battery pack within a low range and solving the problems of localized overheating and thermal shock.

[0039] Accordingly, such as Figures 1 to 11As shown, an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control of the cold source according to an embodiment of the present invention is explained. To facilitate a detailed description of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control, the orientation is further described as follows: the vertical direction of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control is consistent with the height direction, vertical direction, and the relative directions of the top and bottom sides of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control; wherein, the bottom direction is consistent with the direction of gravity experienced by the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control when it is used, and the top direction is opposite to the direction of gravity experienced by the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control when it is used. The front-back direction of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control is consistent with the arrangement direction of the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22 of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control. The left-right relative direction of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control is perpendicular to its up-down and front-back relative directions. The lateral direction of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC independent temperature control is consistent with the horizontal direction, meaning any direction perpendicular to the vertical direction.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control includes an energy storage cabinet 10, multiple integrated battery pack assemblies 20, a dedicated temperature control board (not shown in the figure), and a battery management system 40. Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage cabinet 10 has multiple battery pack mounting cavities 101. Each integrated battery pack assembly 20 is respectively embedded in its respective battery pack mounting cavity 101. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the integrated battery pack assembly 20 includes an electrical compartment housing 21 and a battery compartment housing 22, which are fixedly connected from front to back; wherein the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22 are sealed and isolated by a heat-insulating sealing partition 23. Each battery pack is installed inside the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22 of the integrated battery pack assembly 20 to facilitate independent and precise temperature control of each battery pack and improve temperature control accuracy. Each battery pack includes multiple cell modules 50 and a battery management system 40 connected to the multiple cell modules 50. A dedicated temperature control board is communicatively electrically connected to the battery management system 40 and is used to control the operating parameters of each integrated battery pack assembly 20 according to the temperature signal of each integrated battery pack assembly 20.

[0041] Specifically, a module mounting bracket 24 is provided inside the battery compartment housing 22. Multiple battery cell modules 50 are mounted on the module mounting bracket 24. The battery compartment housing 22 can be a metal housing, i.e., made of metal. In one example of the present invention, multiple battery cell modules 50 are fixedly mounted on the module mounting bracket 24, and then fixedly mounted inside the battery compartment housing 22 by the module mounting bracket 24. For example, multiple battery cell modules 50 are vertically fastened to the module mounting bracket 24 by bolts or screws.

[0042] The cooling medium is filled and contained inside the battery compartment housing 22, and all the cell modules 50 of a single battery pack are completely immersed in the insulating cooling medium (e.g., fluorinated liquid, insulating mineral oil, etc.). At least one tab area 51 of all cell modules 50 is arranged upwards, directly opposite the top liquid distribution area of ​​the inner tube of the battery compartment housing 22.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling medium is a low-viscosity cooling medium, such as a low-viscosity L10 cooling medium.

[0044] The heat-insulating and sealing partition 23 seals and isolates the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22, which can solve the problems of leakage and low integration, prevent the cooling medium from seeping into the electrical area, reduce the risk of cooling medium leakage, and improve the intrinsic safety performance of the device.

[0045] The heat-insulating sealing partition 23 not only seals and isolates the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22, but also has a heat-insulating function, which can prevent heat transfer between the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22, and avoid or reduce the impact of heat in the electrical compartment housing 21 on the heat exchange effect of the battery compartment housing 22. Accordingly, the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 is made of heat-insulating material. In one example of the present invention, the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 is made of glass fiber reinforced heat-insulating material. In one example of the present invention, the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 has a double-layer heat-insulating structure, with at least one layer of heat-insulating structure facing the electrical compartment housing 21 and at least one layer of heat-insulating structure facing the battery compartment housing 22.

[0046] The heat-insulating and sealing partition 23 forms a common sidewall portion of the electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22. The electrical compartment housing 21 includes an electrical compartment bottom plate 211 and an electrical compartment front sidewall 212, an electrical compartment left sidewall 213, and an electrical compartment right sidewall 214 extending upward from the electrical compartment bottom plate 211. The battery compartment housing 22 includes a battery compartment bottom plate 221 and a battery compartment rear sidewall 222, a battery compartment left sidewall 223, and a battery compartment right sidewall 224 extending upward from the battery compartment bottom plate 221. The heat-insulating and sealing partition 23 forms at least a portion of the electrical compartment rear sidewall of the electrical compartment housing 21 and at least a portion of the battery compartment front sidewall of the battery compartment housing 22. The electrical compartment bottom plate 211 and the battery compartment bottom plate 221 are integrally formed, being two parts of the same plate. The heat-insulating and sealing partition 23 (i.e., at least a portion of the battery compartment front sidewall of the battery compartment housing 22) has a liquid inlet 201 penetrating through it.

[0047] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, closed lateral flow channels 202 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides inside the battery compartment housing 22. The two sets of lateral flow channels 202 extend along the height direction of the cell module 50 and face the side wall of the cell module 50. At the height position corresponding to the top of the cell module 50, multiple sets of evenly distributed liquid distribution holes 203 / guide grooves are opened. The opening direction of the liquid distribution holes 203 is directly facing the top tab area 51. The top tab area 51 is the top heat generation area with high heat generation in the battery compartment housing 22. This allows the cooling medium to enter the battery compartment housing 22 from the liquid inlet 201 of the heat insulation sealing partition 23 and first flush the highest temperature area of ​​the cell module 50. This provides full immersion heat exchange of the cell module 50 from top to bottom, solving the problems of overheating at the top of the cell and poor temperature uniformity, improving the temperature uniformity of the battery pack, extending the cycle life of the cell, and reducing the risk of thermal runaway. The liquid inlet ends of both sets of lateral flow channels 202 are connected to the liquid inlet 201 through the heat-insulating and sealing partition 23, so as to achieve uniform distribution of the cooling medium.

[0048] Accordingly, in one example of the present invention, the two sets of lateral flow channels 202 are a left lateral flow channel and a right lateral flow channel, respectively; the left lateral flow channel and the lateral flow channels are symmetrically fixed to the left and right inner walls (i.e., the left side wall and the right side wall of the battery compartment) inside the battery compartment housing 22.

[0049] It is worth mentioning that, theoretically, the closer the integrated battery pack assembly 20 is to the liquid inlet 201 that penetrates the heat insulation and sealing partition 23, the greater the amount of cold energy it receives, the faster the cooling rate, and the lower the temperature. Conversely, the farther away the integrated battery pack assembly 20 is from the liquid inlet 201 that penetrates the heat insulation and sealing partition 23, the less the amount of cold energy it receives, the slower the cooling rate, and the higher the temperature. This will increase the temperature difference of the battery pack.

[0050] Based on this, in one embodiment of the present invention, the apertures of the plurality of liquid distribution holes 203 are arranged in a gradient, wherein the apertures of the liquid distribution holes 203 closer to the liquid inlet 201 of the battery compartment housing 22 are smaller; and / or the opening density of the plurality of liquid distribution holes 203 in the lateral flow channel 202 is arranged in a gradient, wherein the opening density of the liquid distribution holes 203 closer to the liquid inlet 201 of the battery compartment housing 22 is smaller, so as to eliminate or reduce the cold energy distribution deviation, reduce the internal temperature difference of the battery pack and the temperature difference between battery packs, and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery pack.

[0051] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, a central liquid outlet pipe 204 is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22. The central liquid outlet pipe 204 is located at the center position between multiple battery cell modules 50. In one example of the present invention, the central liquid outlet pipe 204 is located at the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22, and its extension direction is consistent with the arrangement direction (front and back relative direction) of the battery cell modules 50.

[0052] The central liquid outlet pipe 204 is provided with multiple sets of evenly distributed return holes 205, the height of which corresponds to the bottom area of ​​the battery cell module 50. The heat insulation and sealing partition 23 is also provided with a liquid outlet 206 that penetrates the heat insulation and sealing partition 23. The front end of the central liquid outlet pipe 204 is connected to the liquid outlet 206 on the heat insulation and sealing partition 23.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, double sealing rings are provided at the liquid inlet 201 and liquid outlet 206 of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 to prevent liquid leakage and prevent the cooling medium from leaking from the battery compartment housing 22 to the electrical compartment housing 21. The double sealing rings include a sealing ring provided on the side of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 facing the battery compartment housing 22 and a sealing ring provided on the side of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 facing the electrical compartment housing 21.

[0054] This invention achieves complete isolation between the liquid cooling chamber and the electrical chamber through the heat-insulating and sealing partition 23. The liquid interface (including the liquid inlet 201 and liquid outlet 206 of the heat-insulating and sealing partition 23) is doubly sealed to prevent the risk of short circuit caused by leakage of cooling medium into the electrical chamber. At the same time, the battery cell module 50 is fully immersed in the insulating cooling medium, which, in addition to efficient heat exchange, also has the effects of insulation, flame retardancy and explosion suppression, which can effectively suppress the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cell module 50 and greatly improve the intrinsic safety performance of the power battery system.

[0055] As mentioned above, theoretically, the closer the position in the integrated battery pack assembly 20 is to the liquid inlet 201 that penetrates the heat insulation and sealing partition 23, the greater the cooling capacity, the faster the cooling rate, and the lower the temperature. Conversely, the farther the position is from the liquid inlet 201 that penetrates the heat insulation and sealing partition 23, the smaller the cooling capacity, the slower the cooling rate, and the higher the temperature. This will increase the temperature difference of the battery pack.

[0056] Based on this, in one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the return holes 205 of the central outlet pipe 204 is set in a gradient manner, wherein the diameter of the return holes 205 closer to the inlet 201 of the battery compartment housing 22 is smaller; and / or the opening density of the return holes 205 of the central outlet pipe 204 is set in a gradient manner, wherein the opening density of the return holes 205 closer to the inlet 201 of the battery compartment housing 22 is smaller, so as to eliminate or reduce the cold energy distribution deviation, reduce the internal temperature difference of the battery pack and the temperature difference between battery packs, improve the temperature uniformity of the battery pack, and avoid the occurrence of heat exchange dead zones in the battery compartment housing 22.

[0057] This invention utilizes a top-distribution liquid flow field design to allow the cooling medium to preferentially and directly flush the core heating area at the top of the cell module 50, then fully immerse the cell module 50 in heat exchange from top to bottom. Combined with a central liquid outlet structure, the heated cooling medium is discharged from the battery compartment housing 22, minimizing dead zones in the flow field and reducing uneven flow distribution. In tests of an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on phase change heat dissipation and independent temperature control, under 1C continuous charge / discharge conditions, the highest temperature of the cell module 50 did not exceed 35°C, and the maximum temperature difference between cells could be controlled within 2°C, reducing the temperature difference by more than 70% compared to existing solutions. This significantly solves the problem of overheating at the top of the cells, substantially extends the cycle life of the cell module 50, and reduces the risk of thermal runaway.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, multiple temperature sensors (not shown in the figure) are arranged inside the battery compartment housing 22, respectively located at the top, bottom, and inlet / outlet of each flow channel of the cell module 50 (e.g., the inlet / outlet of the flow channel between the liquid inlet 201 and the liquid distribution hole 203 of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23, and the inlet / outlet of the flow channel between the liquid outlet 206 and the liquid return hole 205 of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23, wherein the flow channel between the liquid inlet 201 and the liquid distribution hole 203 of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 includes a lateral flow guide channel 202, and the flow channel between the liquid outlet 206 and the liquid return hole 205 of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 includes the flow channel within the central liquid outlet pipe 204), to achieve real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of the temperature throughout the entire area. The temperature sensors are connected to a dedicated temperature control board.

[0059] It is worth noting that the fixed arrangement of the battery cell module 50 has potential risks. On the one hand, the liquid distribution holes 203 of the lateral flow channel 202 directionally spray the cooling medium to the top tab area 51. The cooling medium flows from top to bottom across the entire surface of the battery cell module 50 and then flows into the central outlet pipe 204. The top area of ​​the battery cell module 50 is constantly scoured by a high-speed, low-temperature jet, resulting in a high forced convection heat transfer coefficient, while the bottom area only experiences low-speed natural wetting, resulting in a low heat transfer coefficient. Under high-rate charge and discharge conditions, the heating characteristic of the battery cell module 50 itself is that the top tab area 51 has the highest heat power density. The combined result of these two factors is that the axial temperature gradient of the battery cell module 50 is extremely amplified under transient conditions—the top fluctuates drastically between high heat generation and high heat dissipation, while the bottom continues to accumulate heat due to insufficient heat transfer, forming an axial temperature difference far exceeding the steady-state expectation.

[0060] On the other hand, the cell module 50 is vertically fastened to the module mounting bracket 24 via a threaded connection, which is a fixed rigid constraint. When there is a significant axial temperature gradient in the cell module 50, the thermal expansion of the cell module 50 along the height direction exhibits a non-linear distribution (smaller expansion at the bottom and larger expansion at the top). However, the rigid constraint at the bottom means that the thermal expansion deformation of the cell module 50 can only accumulate upwards with the bottom bolt connection point as the thermal anchor point. This leads to: the bolt connection interface bearing cyclic alternating stress composed of bending moment and shear force; stress concentration occurring near the constraint end of the cell module 50 package; and after thousands of charge-discharge thermal cycles, the bolt preload undergoes irreversible decay and creep relaxation, eventually causing the cell module 50 to undergo micro-displacement or even loosening.

[0061] Furthermore, the battery module 50 is completely submerged in the cooling medium, resulting in a significant buoyancy effect (upward). The buoyancy and thermal expansion displacement are superimposed in the same direction, causing the bolted connection point to bear not only the axial tensile tendency caused by thermal expansion but also the continuous buoyancy load. The synergistic effect of these two loads on fatigue damage during long-term operation will further accelerate the failure of the threaded connection.

[0062] In general, the battery cell module 50 is rigidly fixed to the module mounting bracket 24 via a threaded connection, forming a single-point fixation. Under the combined effects of the top directional spray flow field and the immersion buoyancy environment, the battery cell module 50 experiences cyclic thermal stress concentration caused by non-uniform thermal expansion, as well as bolt preload decay. This will lead to battery cell module 50 fixation failure after long-term operation, flow field turbulence caused by changes in the spacing of the battery cell modules 50, and ultimately deterioration of the system's temperature control uniformity.

[0063] Based on this, in a modified embodiment of the present invention, the fixed connection of the battery cell module 50 is adjusted to bottom floating positioning and a gradient flexible constraint along the axial direction is set so that the flexibility distribution of the mechanical constraint actively matches the non-uniform thermal expansion displacement distribution of the battery cell module 50 under a specific spray flow field, thereby fundamentally eliminating thermal stress concentration.

[0064] Specifically, in this modified embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the floating positioning base 91 is embedded in the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22. Specifically, the floating positioning base 91 can be embedded in the module mounting bracket 24 on the bottom side of the battery compartment housing 22, or in the battery compartment base plate 221 on the bottom side of the battery compartment housing 22. The floating positioning base 91 and the positioning hole 241 at the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22 form a clearance fit relationship, that is, there is a gap between the floating positioning base 91 and the positioning hole 241 at the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22. For example, when the entire floating positioning base 91 is located above the positioning hole 241, there is a gap between the floating positioning base 91 and the positioning hole 241 at the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22 in the height direction; when the floating positioning base 91 is at least partially embedded in the positioning hole 241, there is a gap between the floating positioning base 91 and the positioning hole 241 at the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22 in the circumferential direction of the positioning hole 241. The axial guide pin 92 vertically penetrates the central through hole 911 of the floating positioning base 91, and the battery cell module 50 can generate controlled micro-displacement in the vertical direction along the axial guide pin 92.

[0065] In one example of the present invention, the lower end of the axial guide pin 92 is fastened to the bottom of the battery compartment housing 22 by a threaded connection; the upper end of the axial guide pin 92 forms a sliding insertion engagement with the positioning blind hole 52 at the bottom of the cell module 50. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on phase change heat dissipation and independent temperature control also includes a constant force preload spring 93, which is sleeved on the axial guide pin 92. The lower end of the constant force preload spring 93 abuts against the upper surface of the floating positioning base 91, and the upper end of the constant force preload spring 93 abuts against the bottom of the cell module 50, so that the cell module 50 is always subjected to a constant downward preload force, and the cell module 50 can generate controlled micro-displacement in the vertical direction along the axial guide pin 92.

[0066] Multiple sets of gradient elastic clamping ribs 94 are segmentally fixed along the height direction of the cell module 50 to the inner wall of the lateral flow channel 202 facing the cell module 50, or to the left and / or right inner wall of the battery compartment housing 22. The material stiffness of the gradient elastic clamping ribs 94 decreases from bottom to top. The gradient elastic clamping ribs 94 located at the bottom of the cell module 50 are made of high-stiffness elastomer material, while those located at the top of the cell module 50 are made of low-stiffness elastomer material. A thermally conductive elastic pad 95 is clamped between the inner surface of each set of gradient elastic clamping ribs 94 and the outer wall of the cell module 50. The thermally conductive elastic pad 95 is in close contact with the outer wall of the cell module 50, and is bonded and fixed to the inner surface of the gradient elastic clamping rib 94.

[0067] During operation, the status adjustment of the battery cell module 50 mainly includes the following three stages: The first stage achieves flexible release of axial thermal expansion. Specifically, when the battery cell module 50 undergoes non-uniform thermal expansion under high-rate charge and discharge conditions, the upward displacement of the top of the battery cell module 50 is greater than that of the bottom. At this time, the bottom of the battery cell module 50 slides slightly upward along the axial guide limit pin 92, and the constant force preload spring 93 provides an approximately constant elastic force (disc spring characteristics) within the compression stroke, so that no matter how the axial elongation of the battery cell module 50 changes, the preload force acting on the bottom of the battery cell module 50 remains constant, and no rigid constraint stress is generated. The axial guide limit pin 92 also constrains the horizontal degree of freedom of the battery cell module 50, preventing the battery cell module 50 from shifting laterally due to fluid impact force, and ensuring that the battery cell module 50 is always located in the area directly opposite the liquid distribution hole 203 of the lateral flow channel 202.

[0068] The second stage involves gradient adaptation to lateral thermal expansion. Specifically, the cell module 50 also experiences radial thermal expansion (i.e., in the direction perpendicular to its height), with the top radial expansion exceeding the bottom radial expansion. The stiffness distribution of the gradient elastic clamping ribs 94 matches this expansion pattern: the high-stiffness clamping ribs at the bottom provide strong lateral constraint, ensuring precise positioning of the bottom of the cell module 50; the low-stiffness clamping ribs at the top undergo elastic compression deformation during radial expansion of the top of the cell module 50, actively absorbing expansion displacement without stress concentration. The thermally conductive elastic pad 95 plays two roles between the gradient elastic clamping ribs 94 and the cell module 50: firstly, it further buffers the microscopic unevenness and thermal deformation of the cell module 50 surface through elastic deformation, achieving uniform stress distribution; secondly, it eliminates air gaps at the clamping interface through thermally conductive filling, maintaining a good heat conduction path between the cell module 50 and the cooling medium, and avoiding the introduction of clamping structures that reduce heat exchange efficiency.

[0069] The third stage: counterbalancing of buoyancy loads. Specifically, the downward preload provided by the constant force preload spring 93 is designed to precisely match the buoyancy value experienced by the battery cell module 50 in the cooling medium, so that the interface between the axial guide limit pin 92 and the floating positioning base 91 is in a state of near-zero net force. This eliminates the risk of fatigue damage to the bolt connection points under long-term buoyancy tensile loads in the original design, fundamentally extending the service life of the installation structure.

[0070] Through the above three-stage collaboration, the non-uniform expansion of the cell module 50 during thermal cycling is released step by step instead of being rigidly constrained, eliminating the failure modes of stress concentration and bolt preload decay. At the same time, the gradient flexible constraint maintains the precise spatial positioning of the cell module 50, ensuring that the liquid distribution hole 203 of the lateral flow channel 202 is always aligned with the top tab region 51, thus guaranteeing the temperature control uniformity and structural reliability of the system during long-term operation.

[0071] The electrical compartment housing 21 is a sealed housing structure used to integrate temperature control, circulation, heat dissipation and control units to achieve precise temperature control and air cooling of the cooling medium.

[0072] The electrical compartment housing 21 and the battery compartment housing 22 are integrally formed or fastened together by flange structure and bolts or other fastening structures. In one example of the present invention, the electrical compartment housing 21, the battery compartment housing 22 and the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 are integrally formed, seamlessly connected, requiring no additional connecting structures, with good sealing performance and simple structure.

[0073] like Figures 5 to 8 As shown, a circulating pump 60, a semiconductor cooling component 70, a cooling fan 80, and a control circuit board 100 are installed inside the electrical compartment housing 21. Specifically, an integrated mounting bracket 25 is installed inside the electrical compartment housing 21 and is fixed to the inner wall of the electrical compartment housing 21. The circulating pump 60, the semiconductor cooling component 70, and the control circuit board 100 are mounted on the integrated mounting bracket 25 with fasteners, forming a modular assembly. The control circuit board 100 is electrically connected to the circulating pump 60, the semiconductor cooling component 70, the cooling fan 80, and the temperature sensor to achieve closed-loop temperature control of the entire system.

[0074] In one example of the invention, a dedicated temperature control board is integrated into the semiconductor cooling assembly 70.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the heat dissipation fins of the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 adopt a louvered / needle-fin structure to increase the heat exchange area, reduce wind resistance, and improve air-cooled heat exchange efficiency. The control circuit board 100 inside the electrical compartment housing 21 integrates over-temperature protection, leakage protection, liquid level protection, and over-current protection functions to achieve all-dimensional safety protection for the system.

[0076] It is worth mentioning that the electrical compartment shell 21 of this invention adopts a dedicated air duct design with horizontal air intake on both sides and vertical air exhaust on the bottom. The cooling fan 80 is installed downwards in an air intake cooling mode. Combined with the arrangement of the hot end 73 fins of the semiconductor cooling component 70 parallel to the air intake direction, it achieves uniform heat exchange under negative pressure inside the compartment. Cold air can fully cover the entire surface of the heat dissipation fins of the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling component 70, with virtually no heat exchange dead zones, significantly reducing wind resistance and improving the cooling efficiency of the semiconductor cooling component 70. In the test of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on phase change heat dissipation and independent temperature control, the wind resistance was reduced by more than 30%, and the temperature difference of the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 was controlled within 3℃. At an ambient temperature of 35℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the semiconductor cooling component 70 can reach 2.8, which is more than 40% higher than the existing solution, and the temperature control accuracy can reach ±1℃. At the same time, it can realize efficient bidirectional switching between cooling and heating, and is suitable for an ambient temperature range of -40℃ to 60℃, taking into account both high-temperature heat dissipation and low-temperature preheating, with extremely strong scene adaptability.

[0077] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple sets of air inlets 207 are opened on the left and right side walls of the electrical compartment shell 21, namely the left side wall and the right side wall of the electrical compartment, forming double-sided opposing air inlets 207; the bottom plate 211 of the electrical compartment is provided with a bottom plate air outlet 208.

[0078] The cooling fan 80 is fixedly mounted directly above the air outlet 208 on the bottom plate of the electrical compartment housing 21, with the exhaust side of the cooling fan 80 facing downwards towards the air outlet 208, employing an intake-type cooling mode. The heat dissipation fins of the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 are spatially aligned and parallel to the dual air inlets 207 on both sides of the electrical compartment housing 21, achieving full surface coverage of the airflow. In other words, the length extension direction of the heat dissipation fins of the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 is parallel to the air intake direction of the dual air inlets 207, directly facing the dual air inlets 207.

[0079] The circulating pump 60 provides power for the liquid circulation. The inlet of the circulating pump 60 is sealed and connected to the outlet of the central outlet pipe 204. The outlet of the circulating pump 60 is connected to the inlet 71 of the cold end heat exchange channel of the semiconductor refrigeration component 70. The outlet 72 of the cold end heat exchange channel of the semiconductor refrigeration component 70 is sealed and connected to the lateral guide channel 202, forming a closed-loop liquid circuit.

[0080] The cold-end heat exchange channel outlet 72 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 passes through the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 and is sealed and connected to the liquid inlet of the lateral flow channel 202. The lateral flow channel 202 establishes a fluid communication relationship with the cooling medium inside the battery compartment housing 22 through its liquid distribution hole 203. The cooling medium establishes a fluid communication relationship with the interior of the central liquid outlet pipe 204 through the liquid return hole 205 of the central liquid outlet pipe 204. The front end of the central liquid outlet pipe 204 passes through the heat-insulating sealing partition 23 and is connected to the liquid inlet of the circulating pump 60. It also establishes a sealed communication relationship with the cold-end heat exchange channel inlet 71 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 through the circulating pump 60. The cold-end heat exchange channel inlet 71 of the semiconductor cooling component 70 is connected to the liquid outlet of the circulating pump 60.

[0081] In one example of the present invention, the cold end heat exchange channel outlet 72 of the semiconductor refrigeration component 70 is sealed to the liquid inlet 201 penetrating the heat insulation sealing partition 23, and is then sealed to the lateral flow channel 202 through the liquid inlet 201 penetrating the heat insulation sealing partition 23; the front end of the central liquid outlet pipe 204 is sealed to the liquid outlet 206 penetrating the heat insulation sealing partition 23, and is then connected to the liquid inlet of the circulation pump 60 through the liquid outlet 206 penetrating the heat insulation sealing partition 23, and is sealed to the cold end heat exchange channel inlet 71 of the semiconductor refrigeration component 70 through the circulation pump 60.

[0082] During the operation of the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control, the cooling medium output from the cold end heat exchange channel outlet 72 of the semiconductor refrigeration component 70 enters two sets of lateral flow channels 202 through the liquid inlet 201 of the heat-insulating sealing partition 23. From the liquid distribution holes 203 of the lateral flow channels 202, it reaches the top tab area 51, and from the top core heating area of ​​the cell module 50, it immerses the entire cell module 50 from top to bottom, fully exchanging heat with the entire surface of the cell module 50 to form a heated cooling medium. The heated cooling medium converges to the center of multiple cell modules 50, enters the central liquid outlet pipe 204 through the return hole 205 of the central liquid outlet pipe 204, and flows back to the inlet end of the circulation pump 60 in the electrical compartment housing 21, and is then pumped into the semiconductor refrigeration system from the outlet end of the circulation pump 60. After entering the semiconductor cooling assembly 70 through the cold end heat exchange channel inlet 71, the cooling fan 80 starts to draw air in, creating a negative pressure inside the electrical compartment housing 21. Outside cold air enters the electrical compartment housing 21 simultaneously from the left and right side air inlets 207, allowing the outside cold air to flow parallel across the entire surface of the heat dissipation fins of the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling assembly 70, effectively removing heat from the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling assembly 70 to achieve heat exchange. After heat exchange, the hot air is drawn in by the fan and pressurized by the fan before being discharged downwards to the outside through the bottom plate air outlet 208. The heated cooling medium from the battery compartment housing 22 is cooled down, forming a cooled cooling medium. The cooled cooling medium enters the two sets of lateral flow channels 202 through the semiconductor cooling assembly 70 and then enters the battery compartment housing 22, entering another liquid circuit circulation.

[0083] The circulation pump 60, the semiconductor cooling component 70, and the flow channels inside the battery compartment housing 22 form a closed-loop liquid circuit. The cooling fan 80, the hot end 73 of the semiconductor cooling component 70, and the dedicated air duct form a closed-loop air-cooling circuit. The closed-loop liquid circuit and the closed-loop air-cooling circuit are completely decoupled in structure but coupled with the temperature control system, which can realize bidirectional switching between cooling and heating, taking into account both high-temperature heat dissipation and low-temperature preheating, and achieving precise temperature control over a wide temperature range.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, the immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control is also provided with a waterproof and breathable valve 215 on the side wall of the electrical compartment shell 21 to balance the internal and external pressure of the electrical compartment shell 21 and prevent water vapor and dust from entering.

[0085] It is worth mentioning that, compared with the existing split design scheme, the present invention adopts an integrated front and rear compartment structure. The circulating pump 60, semiconductor cooling component 70, cooling fan 80, and control unit are all integrated in the electrical compartment housing 21. The internal closed-loop liquid circuit has no external pipelines, reducing the system space occupation by more than 25%, and can be directly adapted to the standard battery pack installation space of existing new energy vehicle chassis. The number of liquid circuit connection points is reduced by 80%, which fundamentally reduces the risk of cooling medium leakage. At the same time, the modular design improves the assembly efficiency by 60%, greatly reduces the difficulty of later maintenance, significantly reduces the number of system failure points, and achieves a leapfrog improvement in system integration and reliability.

[0086] The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control of the present invention can flexibly adjust its size according to the cell specifications and battery pack capacity. In addition to new energy vehicle power batteries, it can also be directly adapted to multiple high-power and high-reliability scenarios such as energy storage power stations, marine power batteries, low-speed electric vehicles, and aviation equipment power supplies, and has strong versatility and promotion value.

[0087] In summary, an immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of the TEC cold source has been elucidated. This invention provides a highly integrated, highly efficient, high-temperature control, highly reliable, and low-cost immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of the TEC cold source, addressing the technical problems of low integration, poor space utilization, uneven heat exchange due to unreasonable flow channel design, and insufficient safety in the layout of electrical and liquid-cooling components in existing immersion liquid-cooled battery pack systems.

[0088] The above are only some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of the present invention using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A submersible liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source, characterized in that, include: The energy storage cabinet has multiple battery pack mounting cavities; Multiple integrated battery pack assemblies, each integrated battery pack assembly is respectively embedded in the mounting cavity of each battery pack, wherein the integrated battery pack assembly includes an electrical compartment housing, a heat insulation and sealing partition and a battery compartment housing that are fixedly connected from front to back; Dedicated temperature control board; and The battery management system has a dedicated temperature control board that can be electrically connected to the battery management system to control its operating parameters based on the temperature signals of each integrated battery pack assembly. Inside the battery compartment housing, a module mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the battery compartment housing, and multiple battery cell modules are fastened to the module mounting bracket. Cooling medium is filled and contained inside the battery compartment housing, and the battery cell modules are completely immersed in the cooling medium. Two sets of lateral flow channels are symmetrically fixed to the left and right inner walls inside the battery compartment housing. The liquid distribution holes of the lateral flow channels face the top tab area, and the central liquid outlet pipe is located at the center between the multiple battery cell modules and at the bottom of the battery compartment housing.

2. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameters of the multiple liquid distribution holes in the lateral flow channel are arranged in a gradient, with the liquid distribution holes closer to the liquid inlet of the battery compartment housing having smaller diameters; and / or the opening density of the multiple liquid distribution holes in the lateral flow channel is arranged in a gradient, with the liquid distribution holes closer to the liquid inlet of the battery compartment housing having smaller opening density.

3. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control also includes a waterproof and breathable valve installed on the side wall of the electrical compartment shell.

4. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 1, characterized in that, Inside the electrical compartment housing, an integrated mounting bracket is fixed to the inner wall of the electrical compartment housing; the circulating pump, semiconductor cooling component, and control circuit board are mounted on the integrated mounting bracket by fasteners; the cooling fan is fixed directly above the air outlet of the bottom plate of the electrical compartment housing and faces the air outlet of the bottom plate, and the heat dissipation fins of the hot end of the semiconductor cooling component are arranged in a spatially aligned and parallel manner with the air inlets on both sides of the electrical compartment housing.

5. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on TEC cold source independent temperature control also includes temperature sensors attached and fixed to the battery cell module and the inlet and outlet of the flow channel.

6. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cooling medium establishes a fluid connection with the inside of the central outlet pipe through the return hole of the central outlet pipe; the inlet end of the circulating pump passes through the heat-insulating sealing baffle and is sealed and connected with the outlet end of the central outlet pipe.

7. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the cold end heat exchange channel of the semiconductor refrigeration component; the front end of the lateral guide channel passes through the heat-insulating and sealing partition and establishes a sealed connection with the outlet of the cold end heat exchange channel of the semiconductor refrigeration component.

8. A submersible liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source, characterized in that, include: The energy storage cabinet has multiple battery pack mounting cavities; Multiple integrated battery pack assemblies, each integrated battery pack assembly is respectively embedded in the mounting cavity of each battery pack, wherein the integrated battery pack assembly includes an electrical compartment housing, a heat insulation and sealing partition and a battery compartment housing that are fixedly connected from front to back; Inside the battery compartment housing, a cooling medium is filled and housed within the housing, and the battery cell module is completely immersed in the cooling medium. The module mounting bracket is fixedly connected inside the battery compartment housing, and a floating positioning base is embedded in the bottom of the battery compartment housing, forming a clearance fit with the positioning hole at the bottom of the battery compartment housing. An axial guide pin vertically penetrates the central through hole of the floating positioning base, allowing the battery cell module to generate controlled micro-displacement in the vertical direction along the axial guide pin. Multiple sets of gradient elastic clamping ribs are segmented along the height direction of the battery cell module and clamped between the battery cell module and the left and / or right inner walls of the battery compartment housing. The material stiffness of the gradient elastic clamping ribs decreases from bottom to top.

9. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gradient elastic clamping ribs located at the bottom of the battery cell module are made of high-stiffness elastomer material, while the gradient elastic clamping ribs located at the top of the battery cell module are made of low-stiffness elastomer material.

10. The immersion liquid-cooled energy storage device based on independent temperature control of a TEC cold source according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each set of gradient elastic clamping ribs has a thermally conductive elastic pad sandwiched between the inner surface of the rib and the outer wall of the battery cell module. The thermally conductive elastic pad is in close contact with the outer wall of the battery cell module, and the thermally conductive elastic pad is bonded and fixed to the inner surface of the gradient elastic clamping rib.

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