Coupled antenna system, temple, and eyeglasses

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of intelligent glasses, and particularly relates to a coupling antenna system, a glasses leg and glasses, which are used for multiplexing a metal pattern structure of an electronic device, effectively radiating in a very small space, and improving antenna efficiency. The coupling antenna system comprises a metal pattern structure arranged on an outer surface of the electronic device, and an excitation unit arranged in a containing cavity of the electronic device and connected with a radio frequency circuit. The excitation unit and the metal pattern structure are arranged opposite to each other in space. The excitation unit couples radio frequency energy to the metal pattern structure in a near field coupling mode, so that the metal pattern structure serves as at least part of a radiator of the coupling antenna system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of smart glasses technology, and particularly relates to a coupling antenna system, temples, and glasses. Background Technology

[0002] As smart glasses become increasingly thinner and smaller, the interior of the temples creates an extremely narrow motherboard and minimal clearance, resulting in severely limited space for motherboard components. Antenna layout has become a critical bottleneck. In traditional small antenna designs, radiation primarily relies on centralized antenna elements (such as inverted-F antennas (IFA), planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA), or loop antennas), with radiation efficiency and other performance characteristics limited by antenna size and clearance area. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a coupled antenna system, temples, and eyeglasses to improve antenna efficiency.

[0004] To address the technical problems existing in related technologies, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a coupled antenna system applied to an electronic device, comprising: a metal pattern structure disposed on the outer surface of the electronic device; an excitation unit disposed within a cavity of the electronic device, the excitation unit being connected to a radio frequency circuit; wherein the excitation unit and the metal pattern structure are spatially opposite to each other; the excitation unit couples radio frequency energy to the metal pattern structure via near-field coupling, so that the metal pattern structure serves as at least a partial radiator of the coupled antenna system.

[0005] In the coupled antenna system provided in this application embodiment, a metal pattern structure disposed on the outer surface of an electronic device is positioned opposite to an excitation unit disposed within the cavity of the electronic device, and the two are coupled for radio frequency energy via near-field coupling. This allows the metal pattern structure of the electronic device to be reused as part of the radiator of the coupled antenna system, eliminating the need for additional space within the cavity of the electronic device to arrange the antenna radiator, thus saving internal space and providing more space for other components within the electronic device. Furthermore, reusing the metal pattern structure of the electronic device avoids resource waste and aesthetic impact, achieving good radiation efficiency in environments with extremely narrow motherboards and no clearance area. In addition, the near-field coupling for radio frequency energy coupling frees the antenna design from the limitations of direct feeding technology, enhancing the flexibility and freedom of antenna design.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a temple, which includes a temple housing and a coupled antenna system as described in the first aspect.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide eyeglasses, which include a frame, a first temple, and a second temple. The first temple and the second temple are respectively connected to the frame. At least one of the first temple and the second temple adopts the temple shape described in the second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of eyeglasses provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional view of a coupled antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface (e.g., the side of the circuit board away from the human head) of the coupled antenna system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a metal pattern structure in the form of a character, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped metal pattern structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model for calculating the inductance value provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the electric field distribution with and without an LC feed circuit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 (a) and (b) in the embodiments of this application are comparative schematic diagrams of S-parameters and frequencies with and without LC feeding circuits. Figure 7 (c) and (d) in the embodiments of this application are schematic diagrams comparing the S-parameters and efficiency of the frequency under the conditions of wearing and not wearing. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the network topology of an LC power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit board structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent capacitance and inductance in the coupled antenna system provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0009] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0010] To illustrate the technical solution described in this application, specific embodiments are provided below.

[0011] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0012] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0013] It should also be further understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0014] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0015] In traditional small antenna designs, radiation mainly relies on concentrated antenna elements (such as inverted-F antennas (IFA), planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA), or loop antennas), and performance such as radiation efficiency is limited by antenna size and clearance area.

[0016] Based on this, the coupled antenna system provided in this application provides a method to couple radio frequency energy by arranging a metal pattern structure on the outer surface of an electronic device relative to an excitation unit disposed within the cavity of the electronic device, and coupling the two through near-field coupling. This allows the metal pattern structure of the electronic device to be reused as part of the radiator of the coupled antenna system, reducing the space reserved in the cavity of the electronic device for arranging the antenna radiator, providing more space for other components inside the electronic device. Furthermore, reusing the metal pattern structure of the electronic device avoids resource waste and aesthetic impact, and can achieve good radiation efficiency in environments with extremely narrow motherboards and no clearance area.

[0017] In addition, using near-field coupling for radio frequency energy coupling allows antenna design to be freed from the constraints of direct feeding technology, thus improving the flexibility and freedom of antenna design.

[0018] In one possible embodiment of this application, the reconstructed antenna resonance characteristics can also be achieved by the length and / or spacing between the various conductive paths in the metal pattern structure.

[0019] This application relates to a pair of eyeglasses.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the glasses may include a first temple 101, a second temple 102, and a frame 103. The left and right sides of the frame 103 are connected to the first temple 101 and the second temple 102, respectively. Optionally, the frame 103 may be detachably or fixedly connected to at least one of the first temple 101 and the second temple 102. A lens 104 is disposed within the frame 103. In one case, the lens 104 is provided with a waveguide sheet, which can be used to display information such as text, images, information bars, and videos.

[0021] This application does not limit the detachable connection method between the frame 103 and the first temple 101 or the second temple 102.

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, the first temple 101 and / or the second temple 102 may include a temple housing, and at least one temple housing is provided with a coupled antenna system.

[0023] The glasses in this application embodiment may refer to smart glasses, such as augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) glasses.

[0024] like Figure 2 or Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a coupled antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application. The coupled antenna system includes: A metal pattern structure 10 is disposed on the outer surface of an electronic device. For example, the metal pattern structure 10 may be disposed on the outer surface of a housing 70 of the electronic device. The metal pattern structure 10 may be printed or embedded in the outer surface of the housing 70 and used as an antenna radiator to transmit and receive radio frequency energy in a target frequency band.

[0025] Excitation unit 20 is disposed in the housing cavity of electronic device and is connected to radio frequency circuit.

[0026] The excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 are spatially opposite each other. The excitation unit 20 couples radio frequency energy to the metal pattern structure 10 through near-field coupling, so that the metal pattern structure 10 serves as at least part of the radiator of the coupled antenna system.

[0027] The radio frequency (RF) circuit is used to generate and output RF signals. The excitation unit 20 is used to perform near-field coupling transfer of RF energy between the RF circuit and the metal pattern structure 10.

[0028] In this embodiment, the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 can transmit radio frequency energy through near-field coupling, so that the metal pattern structure 10 can be used as a transmitting structure, a receiving structure, or a transceiver structure.

[0029] For example, taking the metal pattern structure 10 as a shared transceiver structure, and the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 transmitting radio frequency energy through near-field coupling: The signal transmission process is as follows: The excitation unit 20 can couple the radio frequency energy output by the radio frequency circuit to the metal pattern structure 10 through near-field coupling, so that the metal pattern structure 10 can convert the radio frequency energy from the excitation unit 20 into electromagnetic waves and radiate them into space.

[0030] The signal reception process is as follows: The metal pattern structure 10 can also receive radio frequency energy, and then couples the received radio frequency energy to the excitation unit 20 through near-field coupling. The excitation unit 20 then transfers the radio frequency energy to the radio frequency circuit for processing.

[0031] For example, taking the metal pattern structure 10 as a transmitting structure, the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 can transfer radio frequency energy through near-field coupling, and the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 can perform a signal transmission process. Taking the metal pattern structure 10 as a receiving structure, the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 can transfer radio frequency energy through near-field coupling, and the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 can perform a signal reception process, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0032] In this embodiment, near-field coupling means that the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 are not directly fed through metal springs, probes or other connecting parts, but radio frequency energy is transmitted through at least one of magnetic field coupling, electric field coupling or electromagnetic hybrid coupling.

[0033] The electronic devices in this application can refer to: eyeglasses, Bluetooth audio devices (such as open-back headphones, eyeglass audio devices), wearable electronic devices, mobile terminals, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices or other wireless communication terminals with limited internal space. These electronic devices are often compact in structure and have limited internal space. The coupling antenna system based on near-field coupling provided in this application reuses the metal pattern structure of the electronic device as the radiator of the coupling antenna system to alleviate antenna layout pressure and improve communication performance.

[0034] For example, taking eyeglasses as an example, the aforementioned metal pattern structure 10 disposed on the outer surface of the electronic device can be disposed on the outer surface of the temple housing, and the excitation unit 20 can be disposed in the receiving cavity defined by the temple housing.

[0035] The material of the housing 70 of the electronic device in this embodiment can be a non-metallic material, such as plastic, ceramic, glass, fiber-reinforced composite material, carbon fiber material, etc., or it can be a composite material that includes non-metallic regions. When the material of the housing 70 of the electronic device is a composite material that includes non-metallic regions, the metal pattern structure 10 is disposed in the aforementioned non-metallic regions.

[0036] In one possible embodiment of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 can be fixed to the outer surface of the housing via a detachable connection. For example, the detachable connection method includes at least one of the following: snap-fit, adhesive, or screw connection. The metal pattern structure 10 can also be fixed to the outer surface of the housing in a non-detachable manner, such as using an adhesive backing, hot-melt, or dispensing process.

[0037] For example, when using processes such as adhesive backing, hot melt, and dispensing, the metal pattern structure 10 in this embodiment can be fixed to the outer surface of the housing 70 by a pressure-holding fixture, which helps to improve the bonding strength between the metal pattern structure 10 and the housing 70. For example, the metal pattern structure 10 is attached to the outer surface of the housing 70 by a pressure-holding fixture under preset pressure and time conditions.

[0038] In one possible embodiment of this application, the material of the metal pattern structure 10 is not limited. The metal pattern structure 10 can be made of various metal materials, such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, copper and various alloys thereof, as long as they can meet the requirements of structural strength, appearance and function as an antenna radiator.

[0039] In one possible embodiment of this application, the surface of the metal pattern structure 10 may be treated by an appearance processing process, such as surface spraying process, such as electroplating, anodizing, sandblasting, polishing, wire drawing, etc., to obtain the desired color, texture and wear resistance.

[0040] Figure 4 This application illustrates a metal pattern structure 10, which includes one or more conductive paths and forms an opening gap between adjacent conductive paths. Figure 4 Taking the metal pattern structure 10 as an example of the character "logo", the metal parts corresponding to the strokes of the character "logo" can serve as conductive structures, and conductive paths extending along the shape of the character can be formed within these conductive structures. For example, Figure 4 The metal portion corresponding to the character "l" can form a non-linear conductive path extending along the character's stroke, while the metal portion corresponding to the character "o" can form a conductive path extending along a ring-shaped region. Optionally, each character can also have a metal connection portion, and the conductive paths formed by each character can be connected through the metal connection portion to form a continuous conductive path. For example, the character "l" and the adjacent character "o" can be connected through a metal connection portion, and the character "o" and the adjacent character "g" can also be connected through a metal connection portion.

[0041] When no metal connection is provided between adjacent characters, an opening gap can be formed between the conductive structures corresponding to adjacent characters. The opening gap can form an equivalent capacitance in an electromagnetic equivalent sense, which is used to adjust the resonance characteristics of the metal pattern structure 10.

[0042] For example, the opening gaps in the metal pattern structure 10 generate an equivalent capacitance, and the conductive paths generate an equivalent inductance, together forming an LC resonant structure. The conductive paths and opening gaps of the metal pattern structure 10 jointly affect its resonant characteristics. Specifically, the length, width, bending shape, and extension direction of the conductive paths affect the equivalent inductance of the metal pattern structure 10, while the width and position of the opening gaps and the distance between adjacent conductive paths affect the equivalent capacitance of the metal pattern structure 10. By adjusting the above structural parameters, the metal pattern structure 10 can have a preset resonant characteristic near the target frequency band, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the coupled antenna system in the target frequency band.

[0043] For example, a conductive path can refer to one or more conductive segments in the metal pattern structure 10 that participate in antenna operation. The conductive path can be formed by continuous conductive structures in the metal pattern structure 10, or by multiple spaced-apart conductive structures capable of electromagnetic coupling. The conductive path can be used to form a radio frequency current distribution under the action of radio frequency energy coupled by the excitation unit 20, thereby enabling the metal pattern structure 10 to operate as at least a partial radiator.

[0044] For example, when the metal pattern structure 10 is a metal sign in the form of a character (such as a logo), the conductive path may include the metal strokes that constitute the character pattern. A continuous current path can be formed between adjacent characters, between adjacent strokes of the same character, or between different metal strokes through the connection portion.

[0045] For example, when the metal pattern structure 10 is a ring structure with an opening, the conductive path may include a conductive border segment constituting the ring structure, and a first conductor arm and a second conductor arm formed by the opening. Radio frequency energy is transmitted along the conductor border segment of the ring structure and forms a discontinuous region at the opening, such that the ring structure as a whole provides an equivalent inductance as at least one conductive path.

[0046] In one possible embodiment of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 has an equivalent total electrical length. The equivalent total electrical length can be understood as the electromagnetic equivalent path length of the metal pattern structure 10 in the target frequency band. It is not only related to the physical length of the metal pattern structure 10, but also to the bending shape of the conductive path, the opening gap, the coupling relationship between adjacent conductive paths, the dielectric properties of the shell, and the coupling relationship of the adjacent metal structure.

[0047] In one possible embodiment of this application, the equivalent total electrical length of the metal pattern structure 10 can be adjusted by adjusting structural parameters such as stroke length, extension direction of conductive path, bending structure, folding structure, opening position and path gap in the metal pattern structure 10, so that the metal pattern structure 10 has a preset resonance characteristic near the target frequency band of the coupled antenna system.

[0048] In one possible embodiment of this application, the equivalent total electrical length can be designed according to the wavelength corresponding to the target frequency band, for example, it can be 0.25 to 0.5 times the free space wavelength λ corresponding to the target frequency band.

[0049] For example, the equivalent total electrical length of the metal pattern structure 10 can be adjusted by stroke length, bending structure and path extension, so that the metal pattern structure 10 satisfies the resonance condition of approximately λ / 4 or λ / 2 in the target frequency band (e.g. 2.4–2.5 GHz).

[0050] The target frequency band can be the operating frequency band of the coupled antenna system. For example, if the coupled antenna system is a Bluetooth antenna, the target frequency band can cover 2.4~2.5GHz; if the coupled antenna system is an antenna operating in the WiFi frequency band, the target frequency band can cover 2.4~2.5GHz and 5.15~5.85GHz.

[0051] In one possible embodiment of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 is configured to form an LC resonant structure, which is used to adjust the resonant characteristics of the coupled antenna system in the target frequency band, so that the coupled antenna system generates a resonant response in the target frequency band.

[0052] In one possible embodiment of this application, the total inductance value of the equivalent inductance of the metal pattern structure 10 is determined by at least the lengths of multiple conductive paths.

[0053] For example, the metal pattern structure 10 has multiple conductive paths, each of which can correspond to an equivalent inductance value. The total inductance value of the equivalent inductance of the metal pattern structure 10 can be determined by the inductance values ​​of the equivalent inductances corresponding to the multiple conductive paths, for example, by summing the inductance values ​​of the equivalent inductances corresponding to the multiple conductive paths, or by summing the inductance values ​​of the equivalent inductances corresponding to the multiple conductive paths according to their respective weights. The weights corresponding to different conductive paths can be designed based on requirements, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0054] The total capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance of the metal pattern structure 10 is determined by at least one of the following: The distance of at least one opening included in the metal pattern structure 10; The distance between the opening gaps formed between different parts of the same conductive structure in the metal pattern structure 10; The distance between the opening gaps between adjacent conductive structures in the metal pattern structure 10.

[0055] For example, taking the metal pattern structure 10 as a logo, the distance between the openings of two adjacent characters in the logo is used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value at that location. By adjusting the distance between adjacent conductive structures, the equivalent capacitance value of the metal pattern structure 10 at that location can be changed, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the LC resonant structure 10a.

[0056] For example, when the "logo" is composed of individual characters, the metal portion corresponding to each character can be used as a conductive structure. For instance, the metal portion corresponding to the character "l" in the logo can be used as the first conductive structure, and the metal portion corresponding to the character "o" can be used as the second conductive structure. The first and second conductive structures form conductive paths, respectively. The length, bending direction, etc., of the first and second conductive structures can affect the equivalent inductance value of the metal pattern structure 10.

[0057] At this point, the gap between the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure can form a portion of the equivalent capacitance of the metallic pattern structure 10 in an electromagnetically equivalent sense. The distance between the gap between the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure determines the size of this portion of the equivalent capacitance.

[0058] For example, when "logo" is in cursive form, such as Figure 4 As shown, the metal parts corresponding to multiple characters are connected by connecting parts, and the logo together forms a continuous conductor structure. This continuous conductor structure may include multiple conductive paths, which extend along the strokes of the characters and jointly affect the resonant characteristics of the metal pattern structure 10.

[0059] In one possible embodiment of this application, the equivalent inductance value of the metal pattern structure 10 is 12 nH (nanohenry) ~ 16 nH, and / or the equivalent capacitance value is 0.3 pF ~ 0.8 pF.

[0060] In this embodiment, the equivalent inductance value of the metal pattern structure 10 can be controlled by adjusting the length of the conductive structure in the metal pattern structure 10 and / or the equivalent capacitance value can be controlled by adjusting the opening gap in the metal pattern structure 10.

[0061] It is worth noting that after the metal pattern structure 10 is determined, its equivalent capacitance and equivalent inductance parameters are mainly determined by at least one factor in the geometric dimensions, material properties, and surrounding electromagnetic environment of the metal pattern structure 10, and have relatively stable values ​​under specific operating conditions. Therefore, when designing the metal pattern structure 10, the equivalent total electrical length can be determined based on the required target frequency band; the equivalent inductance value can be changed by adjusting the length of the conductive path, bending structure, folding structure, etc. in the metal pattern structure 10; and the equivalent capacitance value can be changed by adjusting the spacing of the openings in the same conductive structure or the spacing between adjacent conductive structures, thereby enabling the coupled antenna system to operate in the target frequency band.

[0062] For example, the value of the equivalent capacitance in the metal pattern structure 10 can be calculated using the following formula: Where C is the capacitance between the two conductors (in F), l is the length of the parallel segment of the two conductors (in m), and s is the distance between the central axes of the two conductors (in m). , These represent the widths of the two conductors (in meters).

[0063] For example, taking the metal pattern structure 10 as a ring structure, the equivalent inductance value in the ring-shaped metal pattern structure 10 can be calculated using the following formula: .

[0064] Among them, such as Figure 5 As shown in (b) in the figure, The width of the ring-shaped metal pattern structure 10 (usually referring to the horizontal dimension) is indicated. The height (usually referring to the vertical dimension) of the metal pattern structure 10 representing the ring structure. The width of the conductor in the ring-shaped metal pattern structure 10 is indicated. This represents relative permeability. The permeability of free space can also be referred to as absolute permeability. For example... × H / m (Henry / meter).

[0065] It is worth noting that the formula for calculating the equivalent inductance value above is the self-inductance calculation formula for a rectangular toroidal conductor. The formulas for calculating the equivalent inductance or equivalent capacitance value also differ depending on the type of structure.

[0066] correspond Figure 5 When a ring structure has an opening, the rectangular conductor pattern with the opening can be equivalent to a rectangular ring inductor structure. The initial equivalent inductance value for this conductor pattern is obtained using the formula described above, and then corrected according to the opening size. Let k be the opening correction coefficient, L0 = k The value of k can be obtained through simulation, experimentation, or empirical fitting, or it can be a preset value. L0 represents the calculated initial equivalent inductance value. L0 represents the corrected equivalent inductance value.

[0067] In one possible embodiment of this application, the aforementioned metal pattern structure 10 can be an identification pattern for an electronic device, such as the logo of the electronic device, or it can be metal lettering such as the model name, product identifier, or brand logo of the electronic device. This allows the identification pattern to be reused for receiving and / or transmitting radio frequency energy while simultaneously identifying the electronic device. For example, the logo of an electronic device typically has a certain shape and / or pattern design.

[0068] In one possible embodiment of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 is a ring structure and / or a character-shaped structure, constituting the identification pattern of the electronic device.

[0069] Optionally, the metal pattern structure 10 can be a ring-shaped opening structure. For example, the metal pattern structure 10 can be a circular structure, a rectangular structure, or other irregularly shaped structure with one or more openings; this embodiment of the application does not limit this. The presence of the opening prevents the ring structure from forming a closed loop, thereby introducing an equivalent capacitance at the opening. This capacitance, together with the equivalent inductance of the ring structure itself and the equivalent capacitance formed between the two opposing conductor segments in the ring conductor, constitutes an LC resonant structure, causing the coupled antenna system to resonate in the target frequency band.

[0070] Figure 5 (a) shows a ring structure with an opening. The presence of the opening makes the ring structure electrically non-closed loop, causing the current to be interrupted at the opening and charge to accumulate at both ends of the opening, thereby generating an equivalent capacitance C1 between the two sides of the opening. This equivalent capacitance C1, together with the equivalent inductance L2 of the ring structure itself and the equivalent capacitance C2 formed by the spacing between the conductor segments in the ring structure, constitutes an LC resonant structure, which in turn determines the operating frequency band of the coupled antenna system.

[0071] The larger the opening, the greater the distance between the first and second conductor arms, resulting in a smaller equivalent capacitance C of the ring structure and a higher resonant frequency. Conversely, the smaller the opening, the smaller the distance between the first and second conductor arms, resulting in a larger equivalent capacitance C of the ring structure and a lower resonant frequency. It is understandable that the total equivalent capacitance C of the ring structure can be determined by the equivalent capacitance values ​​between the conductors and at the opening of the ring structure. For example, the total equivalent capacitance C can be obtained by adding the equivalent capacitance values ​​between the conductors and at the opening of the ring structure. Alternatively, weights can be assigned to the equivalent capacitance values ​​between each conductor and at the opening of the ring structure, and then the equivalent capacitance values ​​between the conductors can be multiplied by their respective weights and added to the result of multiplying the equivalent capacitance value at the opening of the ring structure by its corresponding weights to obtain the total equivalent capacitance C of the ring structure.

[0072] By adjusting at least one of the following: the distance between the openings, the geometric dimensions of the ring structure (such as the length of the conductor), and the spacing between the conductor segments, the values ​​of at least one of the equivalent capacitance C1, equivalent capacitance C2, and equivalent inductance L2 can be adjusted, thereby achieving the adjustment and reconstruction of the resonant frequency of the coupled antenna system.

[0073] It is worth noting that whether the metal pattern structure 10 forms a physical opening is not a necessary condition for constituting an equivalent capacitance. Even if the metal pattern structure 10 is a closed ring structure without an opening, an equivalent capacitance can still be formed through the coupling gap between the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20, the distributed capacitance between different parts of itself, and the mutual capacitance between surrounding conductors.

[0074] In one possible embodiment of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20 are at least partially overlapped in spatial projection to form a near-field coupling region. For example, as shown... Figure 2 or Figure 3 As shown, at least a portion of the projection of the metal pattern structure 10 is located within the projection range of the excitation unit 20, or at least a portion of the projection of the excitation unit 20 is located within the projection range of the metal pattern structure 10, as shown in the overlapping area.

[0075] For example, a portion or all of the projection of the metal pattern structure 10 is located within the projection range of the excitation unit 20, or all or part of the projection of the excitation unit 20 is located within the projection range of the metal pattern structure 10.

[0076] In one possible embodiment of this application, the coupling strength between the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20 is determined by the spacing and relative position of the two along the normal direction of the outer surface of the electronic device, and the two achieve impedance transformation and radio frequency energy injection through coupling.

[0077] For example, the distance between the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 along the normal direction of the outer surface of the electronic device is a first distance, such as... Figure 2 In this context, L represents the distance, which is the first spacing. For example, the first spacing can be 0.9 mm to 1.1 mm. For instance, the first spacing can be 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 0.95 mm, 0.96 mm, 0.97 mm, 0.98 mm, or 0.99 mm.

[0078] In one possible embodiment of this application, a circuit board 30 is also provided inside the housing cavity of the electronic device, and the aforementioned radio frequency circuit is disposed on the circuit board 30.

[0079] Optionally, such as Figure 3As shown, taking eyeglasses as an example, the circuit board 30 can also include at least one of the following components: a microphone, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable, and a pressure-sensitive module. The microphone is used to collect external acoustic signals and convert them into electrical signals for voice calls or voice command recognition. The FPC cable serves as a flexible electrical connection channel between the microphone and the circuit board 30, used to transmit the analog / digital audio signals output by the microphone, or to provide power and ground to the microphone. Due to the flexibility of the FPC cable, it can adapt to the narrow space inside the temples of the eyeglasses and irregular structural layouts. The pressure-sensitive module is used to detect the pressure or touch operation applied by the user, realizing functions such as human-computer interaction or wearing status detection.

[0080] It is worth noting that when the electronic device is a device other than glasses, other devices may also be installed on the circuit board 30, but this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0081] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 or Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device also includes a metal connector 60, which is spaced apart from the metal pattern structure 10 and coupled by electromagnetic or electric field to serve as at least part of the radiators of the coupled antenna system together with the metal pattern structure 10.

[0082] The distance between the metal connector 60 and the metal pattern structure 10 along the normal direction of the outer surface of the electronic device is a second distance. The length of this second distance can determine the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance between the metal connector 60 and the metal pattern structure 10. It is worth noting that in the embodiments of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60 are at least partially overlapped in spatial projection to form a near-field coupling region.

[0083] For example, the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60 overlap completely or partially in spatial projection.

[0084] In one possible embodiment of this application, the coupled antenna system includes an LC feed circuit 40, a radio frequency excitation unit 20, a metal pattern structure 10, and a metal connector 60. The metal pattern structure 10 serves as the main radiating structure, and the metal connector 60 can generate electromagnetic coupling with the metal pattern structure 10 to help adjust the current distribution and radiation characteristics of the coupled antenna system.

[0085] When receiving signals, radio frequency electromagnetic waves in space act on the coupled antenna system, causing an overall electromagnetic response to be formed between the metal pattern structure 10, the metal connector 60, and the excitation unit 20, and forming a corresponding radio frequency current distribution on the metal connector 60. Radio frequency energy coupling is achieved between the metal pattern structure 10, the metal connector 60, and the excitation unit 20 through near-field electromagnetic coupling, allowing the received radio frequency energy to be coupled to the excitation unit 20 and transmitted to the radio frequency circuit via the LC feed circuit 40.

[0086] In the transmitting state, the radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted to the excitation unit 20 via the RF circuit and the LC feed circuit 40. The excitation unit 20 generates an alternating electromagnetic field based on the input RF signal and excites the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60 through near-field electromagnetic coupling, causing the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60 to form corresponding RF current distributions. The metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60, as the radiating structure of the coupled antenna system, convert RF energy into spatial electromagnetic waves and radiate them outwards.

[0087] In one possible embodiment of this application, taking eyeglasses as an example, the metal connector 60 is used to connect the temples and the frame. Exemplarily, the metal connector 60 can be a metal hinge, or other structures that can connect the temples and the frame; this embodiment does not limit the specific type of connector.

[0088] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 or Figure 3 As shown, the coupled antenna system may further include an LC feed circuit 40 located within the housing cavity. The LC feed circuit 40 is connected between the radio frequency circuit and the excitation unit 20. The LC feed circuit 40 includes at least one inductor and at least one capacitor for matching the feed impedance of the excitation unit 20.

[0089] Optionally, the LC feed circuit 40 is used to enhance the radiated electromagnetic field strength of the coupled antenna system in the target frequency band. For example, the target frequency band is the 2.4-2.5 GHz band.

[0090] Typically, due to the limited space inside the housing 70 of the electronic device, the size of the excitation unit 20 is usually small. When the size of the excitation unit 20 is relatively small, it is usually unable to effectively radiate radio frequency energy. Therefore, by setting up an LC feed circuit 40, the coupling energy between the excitation unit 20 and the metal pattern structure 10 under the electric field is enhanced.

[0091] Taking a target frequency band of 2.4-2.5GHz as an example, such as Figure 6Figure (a) shows the electric field distribution of the coupled antenna system without the LC feed circuit 40. The radiated energy in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range is confined to the vicinity of the excitation element 20 (using a steel sheet antenna as an example in the figure), and cannot be effectively coupled to the metal pattern structure 10 outside the housing 70, resulting in no significant resonance of the coupled antenna system in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range. In the antenna system, S-parameters (Scattering parameters) are used to describe the relationship between the input signal, reflected signal, and transmitted signal between ports in the RF network. In antenna testing, the port reflection coefficient (S11 parameter) is usually used. The amplitude of the S11 parameter can be further converted into return loss to evaluate the matching performance. The smaller (more negative) the value of S11, the less reflection and the better the antenna matching. When the value of S11 is close to 0 dB, it means that almost all the energy is reflected and there is almost no radiation, that is, the antenna does not resonate. Figure 7 Line a in (a) represents the S-parameters of the antenna system without the LC feed circuit 40. As can be seen from the figure, the S-parameters (unit: dB) are close to 0, indicating poor performance. Figure 7 Line d shown in (b) represents the efficiency of the antenna system without the LC feed circuit 40, with a total efficiency close to -25dB.

[0092] like Figure 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the LC feed circuit 40 is arranged around the excitation unit 20, and... Figure 6 By comparing (a) in the text, we can see that in Figure 6 In (b), with the assistance of the LC feed circuit 40, the excitation unit 20 can more effectively couple the radiation range of 2.4-2.5 GHz radiated energy into space, and the radiation range is significantly larger than that in (b). Figure 6 The radiation range of the excitation unit 20 is shown in (a) of the diagram. Figure 7 Line b in (a) represents the S-parameters of the antenna system when the LC feed circuit 40 is set. As can be seen from the figure, the resonant point of S11 at 2.4-2.5 GHz is close to -5 dB. Figure 7 Line e shown in (b) represents the efficiency of the antenna system when the LC feed circuit 40 is set, with a total efficiency close to -12dB.

[0093] like Figure 6 (c) shows the electric field distribution of the coupled antenna system, including the LC feed circuit 40, the metal pattern structure 10, and the metal connector 60. Taking a target frequency band of 2.5 GHz as an example, by setting the LC feed circuit 40, the radiated electric field intensity of the excitation unit 20 in the 2.4~2.5 GHz range can be enhanced, so that the radio frequency energy output from the radio frequency circuit can be coupled from the LC feed circuit 40 to the metal pattern structure 10, and then coupled from the metal pattern structure 10 to the metal connector and radiated outward, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna. Figure 7 Line c in (a) represents the S-parameters of the antenna system when the LC feed circuit 40, the metal pattern structure 10, and the metal connector 60 are configured. It can be seen from the figure that the resonant point of S11 at 2.4-2.5 GHz is close to -10 dB. Figure 7 Line f shown in (b) represents the efficiency of the antenna system when the LC feed circuit 40, the metal pattern structure 10, and the metal connector 60 are configured. The total efficiency is close to -5dB.

[0094] Taking electronic devices as an example, glasses are typically worn on the head, such as... Figure 7 In (c), line g represents the trend of S11 value when the glasses are not worn on the head, and line h represents the trend of S11 value when the glasses are worn on the head. The comparison shows that when the glasses are worn on the head, S11 is close to -16dB at the 2.4-2.5GHz resonant point. Figure 7 As shown in (d), line i represents the overall efficiency trend of the coupled antenna system in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range when the glasses are not worn on the head, and line j represents the overall efficiency trend of the coupled antenna system in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range when the glasses are worn on the head. The comparison shows that the overall efficiency decreases to some extent when the glasses are worn on the head. For example, when the user is wearing glasses, the overall efficiency of the coupled antenna system in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range can reach -7.5 dB, which meets the performance requirements of Bluetooth antenna communication when the user is wearing glasses.

[0095] For example, the LC power supply circuit 40 is deployed on a circuit board 30 located within a receiving cavity 701 of the housing 70.

[0096] For example, such as Figure 8 The diagram shows a schematic of an LC power supply circuit 40 provided in an embodiment of this application. The LC power supply circuit 40 includes an inductor 401 and a capacitor 402. One end of the inductor 401 is connected to the excitation unit 20, and the other end of the inductor 401 is grounded (e.g., GND) through the capacitor 402. The other end of the capacitor 402 is also connected to the radio frequency port of the radio frequency circuit.

[0097] For example, the inductance of inductor 401 is approximately 2nH to 6nH, and the capacitance of capacitor 402 is approximately 2pF to 6pF. For instance, the inductance of inductor 401 is approximately 3nH, and the capacitance of capacitor 402 is approximately 4pF.

[0098] Optionally, such as Figure 8As shown, the LC power supply circuit 40 can also be configured with reserved positions (such as NC (No Component / Not connected), where no component is installed and the pad may not be connected or reserved). When producing products with different configurations, components at the NC position can be selectively soldered.

[0099] In this embodiment, the excitation unit 20 can be implemented in a variety of ways. The specific implementation of the excitation unit 20 will be described below in combination with method 1 and method 2.

[0100] Method 1: In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the excitation unit 20 includes a bent metal antenna 201. The metal antenna 201 includes a mounting section 2011 for connection to the circuit board 30 and a coupling section 2012 extending toward the metal pattern structure 10. The coupling section 2012 at least partially overlaps with the metal pattern structure 10 in the thickness direction of the electronic device housing 70.

[0101] In one possible embodiment of this application, when the coupled antenna system includes an LC feed circuit 40, the mounting section 2011 of the metal antenna 201 is connected to the LC feed circuit 40.

[0102] For example, the metal antenna 201 in this embodiment can refer to a sheet-like antenna made of stainless steel or other metal alloys, such as a steel sheet antenna. For example, the bent metal antenna 201 can be a bendable metal antenna, which can be adaptively bent according to the internal structural space of the electronic device to meet the requirements of antenna layout and structural stacking. In addition, the bending design allows a portion of the metal antenna 201 to form a near-field coupling position with the metal pattern structure 10 on the outside of the housing.

[0103] In one possible embodiment of this application, the size of the steel sheet antenna is not limited. For example, in order to meet the harsh environment where the internal space of electronic devices is extremely limited, the size of the steel sheet antenna in this embodiment is about 6 mm × 2 mm × 1.4 mm.

[0104] In one possible embodiment of this application, the circuit board 30 includes a narrow edge region that extends along the edge of the circuit board 30 and is narrower than other areas of the circuit board 30, so as to facilitate the arrangement of the circuit board 30 in a limited space.

[0105] For example, taking electronic devices as glasses, such as... Figure 9As shown, the circuit board 30 disposed within the housing of the glasses can be configured as a trapezoidal structure. This trapezoidal structure includes a wide side region and a narrow side region along its length, with the narrow and wide side regions located at opposite ends of the trapezoidal structure to accommodate the gradually narrowing space within the temples, thereby improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. Of course, when the electronic device is another device besides the glasses, the structure of the circuit board 30 can also be designed as a structure other than a trapezoidal structure, such as a rectangular structure; this embodiment of the application does not limit this design.

[0106] For example, the trapezoidal circuit board 30 has a total length of approximately 40 mm to 60 mm, a narrow side of approximately 4 to 8 mm, a wide side of approximately 6 to 10.5 mm (e.g., 8.5 mm), and a thickness of approximately 0.8 mm. This solution can achieve good radiation efficiency in harsh environments with extremely limited internal space.

[0107] In this embodiment, the metal antenna 201 is mounted on a narrow edge region of the circuit board 30. For example, the metal antenna 201 can be mounted on the narrow edge region of the circuit board 30 using surface mount technology (SMT).

[0108] In one possible embodiment of this application, a buffer protective layer 50 is provided between the coupling section 2012 of the bent metal antenna 201 and the inner wall of the housing 70 to avoid or reduce rigid contact and wear between the metal antenna 201 and the housing 70. Furthermore, the buffer protective layer 50 can absorb some impact energy and vibration, reduce the stress on the metal antenna 201 and surrounding structures, and improve the mechanical reliability of the antenna and the entire device. The buffer protective layer 50 can also provide support and limit, thereby maintaining a stable distance between the metal antenna 201 and the metal pattern structure 10.

[0109] For example, the material of the buffer protective layer 50 can be selected from materials with elastic, cushioning and insulating properties. For example, foam, double-sided adhesive foam, silicone, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polyester foam, etc., are one or more materials with cushioning and insulating properties.

[0110] Method 2: In another possible embodiment of this application, the excitation unit 20 includes a feed connector and a circuit board antenna. The circuit board antenna is mounted on the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and the metal pattern structure 10 at least partially overlaps with the circuit board antenna in the thickness direction of the electronic device's housing. The circuit board antenna is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit via the feed connector.

[0111] For example, in the thickness direction of the electronic device's housing, part or all of the projection of the metal pattern structure 10 is located within the projection range of the circuit board antenna; or, in the thickness direction of the electronic device's housing, part or all of the projection of the circuit board antenna is located within the projection range of the metal pattern structure 10.

[0112] For example, the feed connector, used to achieve the feed connection between circuit board antennas, can be a metal spring or probe, etc. For example, the circuit board antenna can be a flexible printed circuit (FPC) antenna.

[0113] In one possible embodiment of this application, if the coupled antenna system further includes an LC feed circuit 40, the circuit board antenna is connected to the LC feed circuit 40 through a feed connector, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the circuit board antenna and the radio frequency circuit.

[0114] In one possible embodiment of this application, the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20 are spaced apart along the normal direction of the outer surface of the electronic device, forming an equivalent capacitor C3. The distance of this spacing determines the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitor C3. The metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60 are also spaced apart along the normal direction of the outer surface of the electronic device, forming an equivalent capacitor C4. The distance of this spacing determines the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitor C4. The metal pattern structure 10 itself can form a series connection of an equivalent capacitor C and an equivalent inductance L1, such as... Figure 10 The LC resonant structure 10a shown in the figure is used to tune the impedance.

[0115] After the metal pattern structure 10 is determined, when it is installed on the outer surface of the housing 70 of the electronic device, the first distance between the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20 along the thickness direction of the housing 70 can be controlled to adjust the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance C3 between the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20.

[0116] After the metal pattern structure 10 is determined, when it is installed on the outer surface of the housing 70 of the electronic device, the second distance between the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60 along the thickness direction of the housing 70 can be controlled to adjust the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance C4 between the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60.

[0117] For example, the equivalent capacitance C4 and equivalent capacitance C3 can be calculated using the following equivalent approximation model: ,in, This indicates the capacitance, specifically the capacitance values ​​corresponding to the equivalent capacitances C4 and C3 mentioned above. The effective projected area of ​​the overlapping region between the metal pattern structure 10 and the metal connector 60, or the effective projected area of ​​the overlapping region between the metal pattern structure 10 and the excitation unit 20. Indicates the first spacing or the second spacing. This represents the dielectric constant.

[0118] In one possible embodiment of this application, the coupled antenna system can serve as a WIFI antenna, a Near Field Communication (NFC) antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, or a positioning antenna, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna, an Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna, or a cellular network antenna. It is worth noting that the equivalent total electrical length, total inductance, and total capacitance in the metal pattern structure 10 can be designed based on the target frequency band corresponding to each type of antenna; this embodiment does not limit this approach.

[0119] In one possible embodiment of this application, an electronic device is provided, comprising a housing and a coupled antenna system as described in the above embodiments. The metal pattern structure 10 in the coupled antenna system is disposed on the outer surface of the housing of the electronic device, and the LC feed circuit 40, circuit board 30, radio frequency circuit, and excitation unit 20 in the coupled antenna system are disposed within the receiving cavity of the housing. Taking a mobile phone as an example, the housing of the electronic device can be the back cover or side frame (also referred to as the mid-frame) of the electronic device.

[0120] In one possible embodiment of this application, a temple is provided, comprising a temple housing and a coupled antenna system as described in the above embodiments. The metal pattern structure 10 in the coupled antenna system is disposed on the outer surface of the temple housing, and the LC feed circuit 40, circuit board 30, radio frequency circuit, and excitation unit 20 in the coupled antenna system are disposed within the receiving cavity of the temple housing.

[0121] This application also provides an eyeglass, which includes a frame, a first temple and a second temple, the first temple and the second temple being respectively connected to the frame, and at least one of the first temple and the second temple adopts the temple described above.

[0122] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0123] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0125] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A coupled antenna system, used in electronic equipment, characterized in that, include: A metallic pattern structure is disposed on the outer surface of the electronic device; An excitation unit is disposed within the receiving cavity of the electronic device, and the excitation unit is connected to the radio frequency circuit; The excitation unit and the metal pattern structure are spatially opposite each other; the excitation unit couples radio frequency energy to the metal pattern structure through near-field coupling, so that the metal pattern structure serves as at least a part of the radiator of the coupled antenna system.

2. The coupled antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal pattern structure includes multiple conductive paths, and an opening gap is formed between adjacent conductive paths.

3. The coupled antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The metal pattern structure is a ring structure and / or a character-shaped structure, which constitutes the identification pattern of the electronic device.

4. The coupled antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal pattern structure and the excitation unit are at least partially overlapped in spatial projection to form a near-field coupling region.

5. The coupled antenna system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between the excitation unit and the metal pattern structure along the normal direction of the outer surface of the electronic device is 0.9 mm to 1.1 mm.

6. The coupled antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Also includes: LC power supply circuit; The LC feed circuit is connected between the radio frequency circuit and the excitation unit. The LC feed circuit includes at least one inductor and at least one capacitor for matching the feed impedance of the excitation unit.

7. The coupled antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The radio frequency circuit is mounted on the circuit board; the excitation unit includes a bent metal antenna; the metal antenna includes a mounting section for connection to the circuit board and a coupling section extending toward the metal pattern structure, the coupling section at least partially projecting onto the metal pattern structure in the thickness direction of the electronic device housing.

8. The coupled antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a metal connector, which is spaced apart from and electromagnetically coupled to the metal pattern structure, so as to serve together with the metal pattern structure as the radiator of the coupled antenna system.

9. The coupled antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The equivalent inductance of the metal pattern structure is 12 nH to 16 nH, and the equivalent capacitance is 0.3 pF to 0.8 pF.

10. A type of temple for eyeglasses, characterized in that, It includes the temple housing and the coupled antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A pair of eyeglasses, characterized in that, The eyeglasses include a frame, a first temple, and a second temple, the first temple and the second temple being respectively connected to the frame, and at least one of the first temple and the second temple being a temple as described in claim 10.

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